NOKIA CORP
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Mar 5, 2026.
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The yearly report of a company based outside the US. It covers much of what a 10-K does, and may follow accounting rules other than US ones.
FY2025 · Filed Mar 5, 2026
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Nokia Annual Reporton Form 20-F 2025
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on 5 March 2026
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.20549
FORM 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGEACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended 31 December 2025
Commission file number 1-13202
Nokia Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Republic of Finland
(Jurisdiction of incorporation)
Karakaari 7 FI-02610 Espoo, Finland
(Address of principal executive offices)
Johanna Mandelin, VP, Corporate Legal, Telephone:+358 (0) 104 488 000, Facsimile:+358 (0)104 481 002,
Karakaari 7, FI-02610 Espoo, Finland
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”):
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
|---|---|---|
| American Depositary Shares | NOK | New York Stock Exchange |
| Shares | New York Stock Exchange(1) |
(1)Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares representing these shares, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the registrant’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report. Shares:5 742 239 696.
| Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. | Yes ☒ | No ☐ |
|---|---|---|
| If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. | Yes ☐ | No ☒ |
| Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. | Yes ☒ | No ☐ |
| Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). | Yes ☒ | No ☐ |
| Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” or “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): | ||
| Large accelerated filer ☒ | Accelerated filer ☐ |
|---|---|
| Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐ |
| Emerging growth company ☐ | |
| Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. | ☒ |
|---|---|
| If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. | ☐ |
| Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). | ☐ |
| Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing: | |
U.S. GAAP ☐
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒
Other ☐
| If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. | Item 17 ☐ | Item 18 ☐ |
|---|---|---|
| If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). | Yes ☐ | No ☒ |
Cross-reference table to Form 20-F
| Form 20-F Item Number · Form 20-F Heading · Section in Document | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ITEM | 1 | IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS | N/A |
| ITEM | 2 | OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE | N/A |
| ITEM | 3 | KEY INFORMATION | |
| 3A · [Reserved] | |||
| 3B | Capitalization and Indebtedness | N/A | |
| 3C | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds | N/A | |
| 3D | Risk Factors | Operating and financial review and prospects—Risk factors | |
| ITEM | 4 | INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY | |
| 4A | History and Development of the Company | Cover page; Business overview; Introduction and use of certain terms; Business overview—Nokia in 2025—Our 2025 highlights; Operating and financial review and prospects—Operating and financial review—Liquidity and capital resources; Operating and financial review and prospects—Shares and shareholders—Share details—Shares and share capital; General facts on Nokia—Alternative performance measures; Operating and financial review and prospects—Significant subsequent events; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 6.2. Acquisitions; Other information—Investor information | |
| 4B | Business Overview | Business overview—Nokia in 2025; Business overview—Strategy; Business overview—Customers and partners; Operating and financial review and prospects—Operating and financial review—Results of segments; Operating and financial review and prospects—Risk Factors; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 1.1. Corporate information; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 2.2. Segment information; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 2.6. Discontinued operations; General facts on Nokia—Government regulation | |
| 4C | Organizational Structure | Business overview—Nokia in 2025; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 1.1. Corporate information; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 2.2. Segment information; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 2.6. Discontinued operations; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 6.3. Principal Group companies | |
| 4D | Property, Plants and Equipment | Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 4.2. Property, plant and equipment; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 4.3. Leases; Business overview—Customers and partners—Our supply chain | |
| 4A | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS | None | |
| ITEM | 5 | OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS | |
| 5A | Operating Results | Business overview—Strategy; General facts on Nokia—Government regulation; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Section 2. Results for the year; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 5.4. Financial risk management; Operating and financial review and prospects—Operating and financial review | |
| Form 20-F Item Number | Form 20-F Heading | Section in Document |
|---|---|---|
| 5B · Liquidity and Capital Resources · Operating and financial review and prospects—Operating and financial review—Liquidity and capital resources; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 5.2. Financial assets and liabilities; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 5.3. Derivative assets and liabilities; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 6.1. Commitments, contingencies and legal proceedings; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 5.4. Financial risk management | ||
| 5C · Research and Development, Patents and Licenses etc. · Business overview—Strategy; Business overview—Nokia in 2025—Our operating model in 2025—Nokia Technologies; Operating and financial review and prospects—Operating and financial review—Results of operations; Operating and financial review and prospects—Operating and financial review—Results of segments | ||
| 5D · Trend Information · Business overview—Nokia in 2025; Business overview—Strategy | ||
| 5E · Critical Accounting Estimates · N/A | ||
| ITEM | 6 | DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES |
| 6A · Directors and senior management · Corporate governance—Corporate governance Statement | ||
| 6B · Compensation · Corporate governance—Remuneration; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 6.4. Related party transactions; Financial Statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 3.2. Remuneration of key management; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 3.3. Share-based payments | ||
| 6C · Board Practices · Corporate governance—Corporate governance statement; Corporate governance—Remuneration—Remuneration governance | ||
| 6D · Employees · Business overview—Nokia in 2025; Operating and financial review and prospects—Operating and financial review—Results of operations—Cost savings program; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements— Note 3.1. Summary of personnel expenses | ||
| 6E · Share Ownership · Corporate governance—Remuneration—Remuneration Report 2025; Corporate governance—Corporate governance statement; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 3.3. Share-based payments | ||
| 6F · Disclosure of a registrant’s action to recover erroneously awarded compensation · N/A | ||
| ITEM | 7 | MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
| 7A · Major Shareholders · Operating and financial review and prospects—Shares and shareholders | ||
| 7B · Related Party Transactions · Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 6.4. Related party transactions | ||
| 7C · Interests of Experts and Counsel · N/A | ||
| ITEM | 8 | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
| 8A · Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information · Financial statements; Reports of independent registered public accounting firm; Operating and financial review and prospects—Shares and shareholders—Share details—Dividend and share buybacks; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 6.1. Commitments, contingencies and legal proceedings | ||
| Form 20-F Item Number · Form 20-F Heading · Section in Document | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 8B | Significant Changes | Operating and financial review and prospects—Significant subsequent events; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 6.5. Subsequent events | |
| ITEM | 9 | THE OFFER AND LISTING | |
| 9A | Offer and Listing Details | Operating and financial review and prospects—Shares and shareholders; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 1.1. Corporate information; Other information—Investor information—Stock exchanges | |
| 9B | Plan of Distribution | N/A | |
| 9C | Markets | Operating and financial review and prospects—Shares and shareholders; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 1.1. Corporate information; Other information—Investor information—Stock exchanges | |
| 9D | Selling Shareholders | N/A | |
| 9E | Dilution | N/A | |
| 9F | Expenses of the Issue | N/A | |
| ITEM | 10 | ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | |
| 10A | Share capital | N/A | |
| 10B | Memorandum and Articles of Association | Operating and financial review and prospects—Articles of Association; Other information—Exhibits | |
| 10C | Material Contracts | N/A | |
| 10D | Exchange Controls | General facts on Nokia—Controls and procedures—Exchange controls | |
| 10E | Taxation | General facts on Nokia—Taxation | |
| 10F | Dividends and Paying Agents | N/A | |
| 10G | Statement by Experts | N/A | |
| 10H | Documents on Display | Other information—Investor information—Documents on display | |
| 10I | Subsidiary Information | N/A | |
| ITEM | 11 | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | Business overview—Strategy; Operating and financial review and prospects—Risk factors—Financial and tax-related uncertainties; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 5.4. Financial risk management; Financial statements—Notes to the consolidated financial statements—Note 4.5. Trade receivables and other customer-related balances |
| ITEM | 12 | DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES | |
| 12A | Debt Securities | N/A | |
| 12B | Warrants and Rights | N/A | |
| 12C | Other Securities | N/A | |
| 12D | American Depositary Shares | General facts on Nokia—American Depositary Shares; Introduction and use of certain terms | |
| Form 20-F Item Number · Form 20-F Heading · Section in Document | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ITEM | 13 | DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES | None |
| ITEM | 14 | MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS | None |
| ITEM | 15 | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | Corporate governance—Corporate governance statement—Risk management, internal control and internal audit functions at Nokia; General facts on Nokia—Controls and procedures; Reports of independent registered public accounting firm |
| ITEM | 16 | [Reserved] | |
| 16A | AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT | Corporate governance—Corporate governance statement—Our main corporate governance bodies—Board of Directors—Committees of the Board of Directors | |
| 16B | CODE OF ETHICS | Corporate governance—Corporate governance statement—Regulatory framework; Operating and financial review and prospects—Business Integrity; Other information—Exhibits | |
| 16C | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES | Corporate governance—Corporate governance statement—Auditor fees and services; Corporate governance—Corporate governance statement—Audit Committee pre-approval policies and procedures | |
| 16D | EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES | None | |
| 16E | PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS | Operating and financial review and prospects—Shares and shareholders—Share details—Purchases of equity securities by the Company and affiliated purchasersCorporate Governance—Remuneration | |
| 16F | CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT | N/A | |
| 16G | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | Corporate governance—Corporate governance statement—Regulatory framework | |
| 16H | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE | None | |
| 16I | DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS | N/A | |
| 16J | INSIDER TRADING POLICIES | Corporate governance—Corporate governance statement—Main procedures relating to insider administration; Other information—Exhibits | |
| 16K | CYBERSECURITY | Corporate governance—Corporate Governance Statement—Risk management, internal control and internal audit functions at Nokia; Corporate governance statement—Our main corporate governance bodies—Board of Directors—Board oversight of cybersecurity; Operating and financial review and prospects—Risk factors—Risks impacting our competitiveness | |
| ITEM | 17 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | Financial statements |
| ITEM | 18 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | Financial statements |
| ITEM | 19 | EXHIBITS | Other information—Exhibits |
Forward-looking
statements
Certain statements contained in this report constitute “forward-looking
statements.” Forward-looking statements provide Nokia's current expectations of
future events and trends based on certain assumptions and include any statement
that does not directly relate to any current or historical fact. The words “believe,”
“expect,” “expectations,” “anticipate,” “foresee,” “see,” “target,” “estimate,”
“designed,” “aim,” “plan,” “intend,” “influence,” “assumption,” “focus,” “continue,”
“project,” “should,” “is to,” “will,” “strive,” “may,” “could,” “forecast,”or similar
expressions as they relate to us or our management are intended to identify these
forward-looking statements, as well as statements regarding:
a)business strategies, planning assumptions, projects, market expansion, growth
management, and future industry trends and megatrends and our plans to
address them;
b)future performance of our businesses and any future distributions and
dividends;
c)expectations and targets regarding financial performance, results, operating
expenses, cash flows, tariffs, taxes, currency exchange rates, hedging, cost
savings and competitiveness, as well as results of operations including targeted
synergies and those related to market share, prices, net sales, income and
margins;
d)expectations, plans, timelines or benefits related to our transactions,
investments and changes in our organizational and operational structure;
e)market developments in our current and future markets and their seasonality
and cyclicality, including the telecommunication provider and AI & Cloud provider
markets, as well as general economic conditions, future regulatory
developments and the expected impact, timing and duration of potential global
pandemics and geopolitical conflicts on our businesses, our supply chain, our
customers’ businesses and the general market and economic conditions;
f)our position in the market, including product portfolio and geographical reach,
and our ability to use the same to develop the relevant business or market and
maintain our order pipeline over time;
g)any future collaboration or business collaboration agreements or patent license
agreements or arbitration awards, including income from any collaboration or
partnership, agreement or award;
h)timing of the development and delivery of our products and services;
i)the outcome of pending and threatened litigation, arbitration, disputes,
regulatory proceedings or investigations by authorities;
j)restructurings, investments, capital structure optimization efforts, divestments
and our ability to achieve the financial and operational targets set in connection
with any such restructurings, investments, and capital structure optimization
efforts including our ongoing cost savings program;
k)future capital expenditures, temporary incremental expenditures or other R&D
expenditures to develop or rollout new products; and
l)sustainability and corporate responsibility.
These statements are based on management’s best assumptions and beliefs in
light of the information currently available to it and are subject to a number of
known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control,
which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. These
statements are only predictions based upon our current expectations and views of
future events and developments and are subject to risks and uncertainties that are
difficult to predict because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that
will occur in the future. Risks and uncertainties that could affect these statements
include but are not limited to the risk factors specified under the section “Risk
factors” of this report and in our other filings or documents furnished with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission. Other unknown or unpredictable factors or
underlying assumptions subsequently proven to be incorrect could cause actual
results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. We do
not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking
statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise,
except to the extent legally required.
Introduction
and use of
certain terms
Nokia Corporation (“Parent Company”) is a public limited liability company
incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Finland and registered to the Finnish
Trade Register since 1896. In this Annual Report on Form 20-F, any reference to
“we,” “us,” “Nokia Group,” “the Group,” “the company” or “Nokia” means Nokia
Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries and generally Nokia’s continuing
operations, except where we separately specify that the term means
Nokia Corporation or a particular subsidiary or business segment only or our
discontinued operations. References to “our shares,” matters relating to our shares
or matters of corporate governance refer to the shares and corporate governance
of Nokia Corporation.
Nokia Corporation has published its consolidated financial statements in euro
for periods beginning on or after 1 January 1999. In this Annual Report on Form 20-
F, references to “EUR,” “euro” or “€” are to the common currency of the European
Economic and Monetary Union, references to “dollars,” “US dollars,” “USD” or “$”
are to the official currency of the United States, references to “Chinese yuan” or
“CNY” are to the official currency of the People’s Republic of China, references to
“INR” or “Indian rupee” are to the official currency of the Republic of India,
references to “GBP” or “British pound” are to the official currency of the United
Kingdom and references to “Japanese yen” or “JPY” are to the official currency of
Japan.
Additional terms are defined in the “Glossary.”
The information contained in, or accessible through, the websites linked
throughout this Annual Report on Form 20-F is not incorporated by reference into
this document and should not be considered a part of this document.
Nokia Corporation furnishes Citibank, N.A., as Depositary, with its consolidated
financial statements and a related audit opinion of our independent auditors
annually. These financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS
Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board
(IASB) and as adopted by the European Union (EU). In accordance with the rules and
regulations of the SEC, we do not provide a reconciliation of our consolidated
financial statements to the generally accepted accounting principles in the US, or
US GAAP.
We also furnish the Depositary with quarterly reports containing unaudited financial
information prepared in accordance with IAS 34, Interim Financial Reporting, as well
as all notices of shareholders’ meetings and other reports and communications
that are made available generally to our shareholders. The Depositary makes these
notices, reports and communications available for inspection by record holders of
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), evidencing American Depositary Shares
(ADSs), and distributes to all record holders of ADR notices of shareholders’
meetings received by the Depositary.
In addition to the materials delivered to holders of ADRs by the Depositary, holders
can access our consolidated financial statements, and other information included
in our annual reports and proxy materials, at nokia.com/financials. This Annual
Report on Form 20-F is also available at nokia.com/financials as well as on
Citibank’s website at https://fs11.formsite.com/bHTsOU/r2piq0mgvd/index.
Holders may also request a hard copy of this annual report by calling the toll-free
number 1-877-NOKIA-ADR (1-877-665-4223), or by directing a written request to
Citibank, N.A., Shareholder Services, PO Box 43077, Providence, RI 02940-3081,
United States. With each annual distribution of our proxy materials, we offer our
record holders of ADRs the option of receiving all of these documents electronically
in the future.
In this report
| Business overview | 2 |
|---|---|
| Nokia in 2025 | 3 |
| Advancing connectivity to secure a brighter world | 3 |
| Our 2025 highlights | 5 |
| Interview with our President and CEO | 6 |
| Our financial performance in 2025 | 9 |
| Our operating model in 2025 | 10 |
| Our business groups | 11 |
| Strategy | 13 |
| Our strategy | 13 |
| Our technology vision | 19 |
| Customers and partners | 21 |
| Our customers | 21 |
| Our supply chain | 24 |
| Corporate governance | 25 |
| Corporate governance statement | 26 |
| Remuneration | 47 |
| Operating and financial review and prospects | 65 |
| Selected financial data | 66 |
| Operating and financial review | 67 |
| Business integrity | 79 |
| Environment | 84 |
| Shares and shareholders | 88 |
| Articles of Association | 92 |
| Risk factors | 94 |
|---|---|
| Significant subsequent events | 113 |
| General facts on Nokia | 114 |
| American Depositary Shares | 115 |
| Controls and procedures | 115 |
| Government regulation | 116 |
| Sales in United States-sanctioned countries | 116 |
| Taxation | 117 |
| Key ratios | 120 |
| Alternative performance measures | 121 |
| Financial statements | 124 |
| Consolidated financial statements | 125 |
| Notes to the consolidated financial statements | 130 |
| Reports of independent registered public accounting firm | 188 |
| Other information | 190 |
| Exhibits | 191 |
| Glossary | 192 |
| Investor information | 195 |
| Signatures | 196 |
The text of this filing, as the company filed it with the SEC, without its images or exhibits. This is not investment advice.