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Global Water Resources, Inc.

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Mar 4, 2026.

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About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Mar 4, 2026

GWRS$7.28-4.2%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Risk Factors?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-05.

0001434728-25-000079

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-03-04.

0001628280-26-014659

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 252 previous paragraphs and 251 current paragraphs.

217 unchanged; 27 reworded; 3 added; 1 removed; 7 previous and 4 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 0 previous and 0 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (3)

Current report

For example, in connection with the current rate case for our GW-Santa Cruz and GW-Palo Verde utilities, which serve approximately 87.3% of our total active service connections as of December 31, 2025, the written testimonies of the ACC Staff and RUCO included recommendations that materially differed from the rate case applications filed by the GW-Santa Cruz and GW-Palo Verde, including relating to net annual revenue and certain write-offs and disallowances. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Rate Regulation Updates”, included in Part II, Item 7 of this report for additional information. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in reconciling the differences between the GW-Santa Cruz and GW-Palo Verde rate case applications and the ACC Staff's and RUCO’s testimonies. If ultimately adopted by the ACC, these recommendations would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, cash flows and ability to raise capital needed to invest in future growth. Additionally, these impacts could, among other things, limit our ability to fund system replacements and improvements internally, as well as constrain our ability to respond to unforeseen needs or regulatory requirements, which may lead to increased service interruptions and higher costs over time.

Current report

In particular, water resource constraints exist in certain areas within Pinal County near and around the City of Maricopa. We have obtained a DAWS in the Maricopa/Casa Grande region (GW-Santa Cruz) for two distinct service areas for approximately 22,900 acre-feet of water use in total. We have significant unused DAWS capacity in the larger service area in the north, including the incorporated City of Maricopa. In a smaller service area southwest of the City of Maricopa within Pinal County, the DAWS coverage is limited and more constrained by state law and groundwater regulations, which may impact developers’ ability to obtain final plat approval if the DAWS is not expanded. While we believe we have sufficient capacity for many years to support connection growth in this area, it is the increase in land entitlement that may exceed the allocation of the smaller service area within the DAWS, which in turn may limit future plat approvals. We are working with our development partners and others to develop long-term solutions for this area. See “Business—Regulation—Assured and Adequate Water Supply Regulations”, included in Part I, Item 1 of this report.

Current report

We have experienced, and expect to continue experiencing, cyberattacks and other attempted intrusions. While we have instituted safeguards to protect our information technology systems, those safeguards may not always be effective due to the evolving nature and intensity of cyberattacks, as well as new and sophisticated tools and methods being used by criminals and cyberterrorists to penetrate and compromise systems. We cannot guarantee that our protections will be completely successful in the event of a cyberattack. Further, the implementation of additional security measures could increase costs and have a material adverse impact on our financial results.
Removed paragraphs (1)

Previous report

In the regular course of our business, the Company manages a range of sensitive security, customer and business systems information. A security breach of our information systems, such as theft or the inappropriate release of certain types of information, including confidential customer, employee, financial or system operating information, could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company operates in a highly regulated industry that requires the continued operation of sophisticated information technology systems and network infrastructure. Despite implementation of security measures, the technology systems are vulnerable to disability, failures or unauthorized access. Facilities, information technology systems and other infrastructure facilities and systems and physical assets could be targets of such unauthorized access. Failures or breaches of our systems could impact the reliability of systems and also subject the Company to financial harm. If the technology systems were to fail or be breached, and if the Company is unable to recover in a timely way, the Company’s ability to fulfill critical business functions and manage sensitive confidential data could be compromised, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Reworded paragraphs (27)

Previous wording

In Arizona, water and wastewater utilities are subject to regulation by water, environmental, public utility and health and safety regulators, and the Company’s utilities are required to obtain environmental permits from governmental agencies in order to operate their facilities. Applicable regulations relate to, among other things, standards and criteria for drinking water quality and for wastewater discharges, customer service and service delivery standards, waste disposal and raw groundwater abstraction limits and rates, and charges for our regulated service. There may be instances in the future when the Company is not in compliance, or cannot achieve compliance with new and evolving laws, regulations, and permits without incurring additional operating costs.

Current wording

In Arizona, water and wastewater utilities are subject to regulation by water, environmental, public utility and health and safety regulators, and the Company’s utilities are required to obtain environmental permits from governmental agencies in order to operate their facilities. Applicable regulations, such as standards surrounding PFAS, relate to, among other things, standards and criteria for drinking water quality and for wastewater discharges, customer service and service delivery standards, waste disposal and raw groundwater abstraction limits and rates, and charges for our regulated service. There may be instances in the future when the Company is not in compliance, or cannot achieve compliance with new and evolving laws, regulations, and permits without incurring additional operating costs.

Previous wording

To comply with federal, state and local environmental laws, our existing facilities may need to be altered or replaced, which may cause us to incur significant additional costs. Altered and new facilities and other capital improvements must be constructed and operated in accordance with multiple requirements, including, in certain cases, an Aquifer Protection Permit issued by the ADEQ, Arizona Pollution Discharge Elimination System permits from the ADEQ and an air quality permit from Maricopa or Pinal Counties. The provision of potable water is subject to, among others, the requirements of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, and effluent from wastewater treatment facilities must comply with other requirements. Regulated contaminants and associated maximum contaminant levels may change over time, requiring us to alter or build additional treatment facilities.

Current wording

To comply with federal, state and local environmental laws, our existing facilities may need to be altered or replaced, which may cause us to incur significant additional costs. Altered and new facilities and other capital improvements must be constructed and operated in accordance with multiple requirements, including, in certain cases, an Aquifer Protection Permit issued by the ADEQ, Arizona Pollution Discharge Elimination System permits from the ADEQ and an air quality permit from Maricopa or Pinal Counties. The provision of potable water is subject to, among others, the requirements of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, and effluent from wastewater treatment facilities must comply with other requirements. Regulated contaminants and associated MCLs may continue to change over time, requiring us to alter or build additional treatment facilities.

Previous wording

-21- exists a 100-year water supply and obtain either a CAWS, which is a certificate issued by the ADWR evidencing sufficient groundwater, surface water, or effluent of adequate quality will be continuously available to satisfy the water needs of the proposed use for at least one hundred years and which applies to a specific subdivision, or a DAWS, which applies to the utility’s entire service area. The designation area is generally coterminous with the CC&N and can grow into adjacent areas as needed. Further, our wastewater facilities require ADEQ and/or EPA permits that regulate, among other things, the level of discharges from our facilities, the size of our facilities and the location of our facilities. Any inability to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, assured water supplies or environmental permits would limit our ability to expand our water or wastewater service areas.

Current wording

In Arizona, the ACC is the regulatory authority that oversees the formation, expansion and ongoing operations of water and wastewater utilities. The ACC has authority, among other things, to determine service areas for utility providers. In order for our owned utilities to provide water or wastewater service, they must obtain a CC&N for a service area before they can service that area. In addition, our owned utilities and/or the developments that we serve must demonstrate to the ADWR that there exists a 100-year water supply and obtain either a CAWS, which is a certificate issued by the ADWR evidencing sufficient groundwater, surface water, or effluent of adequate quality will be continuously available to satisfy the water needs of the proposed use for at least one hundred years and which applies to a specific subdivision, or a DAWS, which applies to the utility’s entire service area. The designation area is generally coterminous with the CC&N and can grow into adjacent areas as needed. Further, our wastewater facilities require ADEQ and/or EPA permits that regulate, among other things, the level of discharges from our facilities, the size of our facilities and the location of our facilities. Any inability to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, assured water supplies or environmental permits would limit our ability to expand our water or wastewater service areas.

Previous wording

If we chose to expand to states other than Arizona, we may have difficulty acquiring the necessary approvals and permits or complying with environmental, health and safety or quality standards of such states. See “—Business and Operational Factors — Doing business in jurisdictions other than Arizona may present unforeseen regulatory, legal and operational challenges that could impede or delay our operations or adversely affect our profitability.”

Current wording

In addition, if we choose to expand to states other than Arizona, we may have difficulty acquiring the necessary approvals and permits or complying with environmental, health and safety or quality standards of such states. See “—Business and Operational Factors —Doing business in jurisdictions other than Arizona may present unforeseen regulatory, legal and operational challenges that could impede or delay our operations or adversely affect our profitability.”

Previous wording

Under various federal and state environmental laws, regulations, ordinances and other requirements, a current or previous owner or operator of real property or a facility may be liable for the costs of removal, remediation or containment of hazardous or toxic substances on, under, in or released from such property. These liabilities are not limited to a potential effect on our water supply and include, but are not limited to, liabilities associated with air, soil or groundwater contamination at any real estate or facilities we own or operate, including liabilities assumed in an acquisition of another utility. Environmental laws often impose liability regardless of whether the owner or operator knew of or was responsible for the presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. Although we currently conduct environmental screening assessments on new properties that we propose to acquire or use to identify significant sources of contaminants on surrounding properties, these assessments are not comprehensive, nor have they been conducted for all of the property owned or used by us. As a result, hazardous or toxic substances may exist at properties owned or used by us. If previously unknown hazardous or toxic substances are discovered at real property or facilities owned or used by us (including a landfill owned by another party that is used by us for disposal of hazardous substances), we could incur significant remediation costs, liability exposure or litigation expenses that could adversely affect our profitability, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows.

Current wording

Under various federal and state environmental laws, regulations, ordinances and other requirements, a current or previous owner or operator of real property or a facility may be liable for the costs of removal, remediation or containment of hazardous or toxic substances on, under, in or released from such property. These liabilities are not limited to a potential effect on our water supply and include, but are not limited to, liabilities associated with air, soil or groundwater contamination at any real estate or facilities we own or operate, including liabilities assumed in an acquisition of another utility. Environmental laws often impose liability regardless of whether the owner or operator knew of or was responsible for the presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. Although we currently conduct environmental screening assessments on new properties that we propose to

Previous wording

•changes in tax laws, regulations, and/or interpretations of such tax laws in multiple jurisdictions, including but not limited to U.S. federal and state regulations or interpretations resulting from the TCJA;

Current wording

•changes in tax laws, regulations, and/or interpretations of such tax laws in multiple jurisdictions, including but not limited to U.S. federal and state regulations or interpretations resulting from the OBBBA;

Previous wording

GWRI and its subsidiaries are occasionally a party to lawsuits in the normal course of our business. Responding to lawsuits brought against us—and litigation in general—can be expensive, lengthy, and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. Unfavorable outcomes from these claims and/or lawsuits could materially adversely affect GWRI’s business, results of operations and financial condition, and we could incur substantial monetary liability and/or be required to change our business practices.

Current wording

GWRI and its subsidiaries are occasionally a party to lawsuits in the normal course of our business, such as a recently filed class action lawsuit regarding water quality. Responding to lawsuits brought against us—and litigation in general—can be expensive, lengthy, and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. Unfavorable outcomes from these claims and/or lawsuits could materially adversely affect GWRI’s business, results of operations and financial condition, and we could incur substantial monetary liability and/or be required to change our business practices.

Previous wording

-20- also known as condemnation. For example, the assets of our former utility subsidiaries, Cave Creek Water Co. and Valencia Water Company, Inc., were acquired from us by municipalities pursuant to condemnation proceedings, and our other utility subsidiaries could be subjects of such proceedings in the future. Should a municipality or other governmental subdivision seek to acquire some or all of our assets through eminent domain, we would likely resist the acquisition.

Current wording

Municipalities and other governmental subdivisions have historically been involved in the provision of water and wastewater service, and efforts may arise from time to time to convert some or all of our assets to public ownership and operation. Arizona law provides for the acquisition of public utility property by governmental agencies through their power of eminent domain, also known as condemnation. For example, the assets of our former utility subsidiaries, Cave Creek Water Co. and Valencia Water Company, Inc., were acquired from us by municipalities pursuant to condemnation proceedings, and our other utility subsidiaries could be subjects of such proceedings in the future. Should a municipality or other governmental subdivision seek to acquire some or all of our assets through eminent domain, we would likely resist the acquisition.

Previous wording

-22- exceed sustainable levels for certain water resources. Additionally, regulatory restrictions on the use of groundwater and the development of groundwater wells, lack of available water rights, drought, overuse of local or regional sources of water, protection of threatened species or habitats or other factors, including climate change, may limit the availability of ground or surface water. No assurance can be given that we will be able to produce or purchase enough water to fully satisfy future customer demand. Further, we can make no guarantee that we will always have access to an adequate supply of water that will meet all quality standards, or that the cost of water will not adversely affect our operating results.

Current wording

Our ability to meet the existing and future water demands of our customers depends on an adequate supply of water. In many areas of Arizona (including certain areas that we service), water supplies are limited and, in some cases, current usage rates exceed sustainable levels for certain water resources. Additionally, regulatory restrictions on the use of groundwater and the development of groundwater wells, lack of available water rights, drought, overuse of local or regional sources of water, protection of threatened species or habitats or other factors, including climate change, may limit the availability of ground or surface water. No assurance can be given that we will be able to produce or purchase enough water to fully satisfy future customer demand. Further, we can make no guarantee that we will always have access to an adequate supply of water that will meet all quality standards, or that the cost of water will not adversely affect our operating results.

Previous wording

-25- interrupt or stop the use of that water supply until we are able to treat the water or to substitute the supply of water from another water source, including, in some cases, through the purchase of water from a supplier. We may incur significant costs in order to warn consumers and to treat the contaminated source through expansion of current treatment facilities or development of new treatment methods. Using a new water source is generally associated with increased costs compared to an existing water source and, as indicated above, purchasing water is typically more expensive than obtaining the water from other means. If we are unable to treat or substitute our water supply in a cost-effective manner, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and reputation may be adversely affected. We may not be able to recover costs associated with treating contaminated water or developing new sources of supply through the rate setting process or through insurance.

Current wording

Cleaning up water sources can be very expensive and if we are required to do so, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. In the event that our water supply is contaminated, we may have to interrupt or stop the use of that water supply until we are able to treat the water or to substitute the supply of water from another water source, including, in some cases, through the purchase of water from a supplier. We may incur significant costs in order to warn consumers and to treat the contaminated source through expansion of current treatment facilities or development of new treatment methods. Using a new water source is generally associated with increased costs compared to an existing water source and, as indicated above, purchasing water is typically more expensive than obtaining the water from other means. If we are unable to treat or substitute our water supply in a cost-effective manner, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity and reputation may be adversely affected. We may not be able to recover costs associated with treating contaminated water or developing new sources of supply through the rate setting process or through insurance.

Previous wording

Our operations of regulated utilities are currently located exclusively in the state of Arizona, and more specifically approximately 86.1% of our active service connections are within a single municipality, which increases the impact of local conditions on our results of operations.

Current wording

Our operations of regulated utilities are currently located exclusively in the state of Arizona, and more specifically approximately 81.9% of our active service connections are within a single municipality, which increases the impact of local conditions on our results of operations.

Previous wording

The customers of our regulated utilities are currently located exclusively in the state of Arizona and 86.1% of our active service connections are located in the City of Maricopa, Arizona. As a result, we cannot diversify or mitigate the risks presented by local regulatory, economic, political, demographic and weather conditions in this area. An adverse change in any of these conditions would therefore affect our profitability, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows more significantly than if our utilities operated more broadly in other geographic areas.

Current wording

The customers of our regulated utilities are currently located exclusively in the state of Arizona and 81.9% of our active service connections are located in the City of Maricopa, Arizona. As a result, we cannot diversify or mitigate the risks presented by local regulatory, economic, political, demographic and weather conditions in this area. An adverse change in any of these conditions would therefore affect our profitability, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows more significantly than if our utilities operated more broadly in other geographic areas.

Previous wording

The wastewater collection, treatment and disposal operations of our utilities are subject to substantial regulation and involve significant environmental risks. If collection or sewage systems fail, overflow or do not operate properly, untreated wastewater or other contaminants could spill onto nearby properties or into nearby streams and rivers, potentially causing damage to persons or property, injury to the environment including aquatic life and economic damages, which may not be recoverable in rates. This risk is most acute during periods of substantial rainfall or flooding, which are the main causes of sewer overflow and system failure. Liabilities resulting from such damage could adversely and materially affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, in the event that we are deemed liable for any damage caused by overflow, losses might not be covered by insurance policies, and such losses may make it difficult to secure insurance in the future at acceptable insurance premium rates. Similarly, any related business interruption or other losses might not be covered by insurance policies, which would also make it difficult for us to secure insurance in the future at acceptable insurance premium rates.

Current wording

-29- persons or property, injury to the environment including aquatic life and economic damages, which may not be recoverable in rates. This risk is most acute during periods of substantial rainfall or flooding, which are the main causes of sewer overflow and system failure. Liabilities resulting from such damage could adversely and materially affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, in the event that we are deemed liable for any damage caused by overflow, losses might not be covered by insurance policies, and such losses may make it difficult to secure insurance in the future at acceptable insurance premium rates. Similarly, any related business interruption or other losses might not be covered by insurance policies, which would also make it difficult for us to secure insurance in the future at acceptable insurance premium rates.

Previous wording

We face competition from other water and wastewater utilities for new service areas and with respect to acquisitions of smaller utilities. These competitors consist primarily of municipalities and investor-owned utilities seeking expansion opportunities. Some of our competitors are larger than we are and have more resources and access to capital than we do. If we are unable to

Current wording

We face competition from other water and wastewater utilities for new service areas and with respect to acquisitions of smaller utilities. These competitors consist primarily of municipalities and investor-owned utilities seeking expansion opportunities. Some of our competitors are larger than we are and have more resources and access to capital than we do. If we are unable to compete effectively for new service areas and acquisitions of existing utilities, our ability to increase our rate base and revenue could be adversely affected.

Previous wording

Other global incidents, such as a pandemic or other public health crisis, could have a similar effect of disrupting our business to the extent they reach and impact the service areas in which we operate, the availability of supplies we need, the customers we serve, or the employees who operate our businesses. See “—Business and Operational Factors — Pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely affect our business operations, cash flows and financial position to an extent that is difficult to predict” for additional information.

Current wording

Other global incidents, such as a pandemic or other public health crisis, could have a similar effect of disrupting our business to the extent they reach and impact the service areas in which we operate, the availability of supplies we need, the customers we serve, or the employees who operate our businesses. See “—Business and Operational Factors — Pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks could adversely affect our business operations, cash flows and financial position to an extent that is difficult to predict” for additional information.

Previous wording

Water and wastewater utilities, including GW-Palo Verde and GW-Santa Cruz, have large customer bases and as a result are exposed to public criticism regarding, among other things, the reliability of their water and wastewater service, the quality of water provided, the timeliness and accuracy of bills that are provided for such service and the quality of customer service. Adverse publicity and negative customer sentiment may render regulators and government officials less likely to view us in a favorable light, and may cause us to be susceptible to less favorable regulatory outcomes, as well as increased regulatory oversight, lower rates and more stringent regulatory requirements. Unfavorable regulatory outcomes may include the enactment of more stringent laws and regulations governing our operations, as well as fines, penalties or other sanctions or requirements. The imposition of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Current wording

Water and wastewater utilities, including GW-Palo Verde and GW-Santa Cruz, have large customer bases and as a result are exposed to public criticism regarding, among other things, the reliability of their water and wastewater service, the quality of water provided, the timeliness and accuracy of bills that are provided for such service and the quality of customer service. Adverse publicity and negative customer sentiment may render regulators and government officials less likely to view us in a favorable light, and may cause us to be susceptible to less favorable regulatory outcomes, as well as increased regulatory oversight, lower rates and more stringent regulatory requirements. Unfavorable regulatory outcomes may include the enactment of more stringent laws and regulations governing our operations, as well as fines, penalties or other sanctions or requirements.

Previous wording

Pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely affect our business operations, cash flows and financial position to an extent that is difficult to predict.

Current wording

Pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks could adversely affect our business operations, cash flows and financial position to an extent that is difficult to predict.

Previous wording

The occurrence of pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely affect our business operations, cash flows and financial position. These impacts may include, among others, disruptions to our operations and business activities, including any closures of offices or facilities, and to those of governmental agencies regulating our business, suppliers, customers and other business partners; reduced demand for our water and wastewater service from our commercial customers, particularly if businesses are shut down; greater difficulty in collecting customer receivables; a slowdown or disruption in the supply chain for the supplies used in our operations, including chemicals used to treat water and wastewater, in addition to higher costs; and limitations on employee resources, productivity and availability, including due to sickness, government restrictions, labor supply shortages and the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people. There would be many variables and uncertainties associated with any future pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks, including, but not limited to, the duration and severity of the outbreak; the extent of travel restrictions, business closures and other measures imposed by governmental authorities; availability of vaccines; and other factors that may be currently unknown or considered immaterial, to fully assess the potential impact on our business operations, cash flows and financial position.

Current wording

The occurrence of pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks could adversely affect our business operations, cash flows and financial position. These impacts may include, among others, disruptions to our operations and business activities, including any closures of offices or facilities, and to those of governmental agencies regulating our business, suppliers, customers and other business partners; reduced demand for our water and wastewater service from our commercial customers, particularly if businesses are shut down; greater difficulty in collecting customer receivables; a slowdown or disruption in the supply chain for the supplies used in our operations, including chemicals used to treat water and wastewater, in addition to higher costs; and limitations on employee resources, productivity and availability, including due to sickness, government restrictions, labor supply shortages and the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people. There would be many variables and uncertainties associated with any future pandemics, epidemics or disease outbreaks, including, but not limited to, the duration and severity of the outbreak; the extent of travel restrictions, business closures and other measures imposed by governmental authorities; availability of vaccines; and other factors that may be currently unknown or considered immaterial, to fully assess the potential impact on our business operations, cash flows and financial position.

Previous wording

As operators of critical infrastructure, we may face a heightened risk of cyberattacks from internal or external sources. For example, a hacker accessed a Florida water treatment plant’s control system and attempted to increase the amount of lye used to treat the water to a potentially dangerous level. Unauthorized access to confidential information located or stored on these systems could negatively and materially impact our customers, employees, suppliers and other third parties. Further, third parties, including vendors, suppliers and contractors, who perform certain services for us or administer and maintain our sensitive information, could also be targets of cyberattacks and unauthorized access. While we have instituted safeguards to protect our information technology systems, those safeguards may not always be effective due to the evolving nature of cyberattacks and cyber vulnerabilities. We cannot guarantee that such protections will be completely successful in the event of a cyberattack.

Current wording

In the regular course of our business, we manage a range of sensitive security, customer and business systems information. As operators of critical infrastructure, we may face a heightened risk of cyberattacks from internal or external sources. For example, a hacker accessed a Florida water treatment plant’s control system and attempted to increase the amount of lye used to treat the water to a potentially dangerous level. Facilities, information technology systems and other infrastructure facilities and systems and physical assets could be targets of such unauthorized access. Further, third parties, including vendors, suppliers and contractors, who perform certain services for us or administer and maintain our sensitive information, could also be targets of cyberattacks and unauthorized access. If our information technology systems, or that of third parties on which we rely on, are affected by a significant cyberattack, this could result in, among other things, a significant disruption to our operations; costly investigations and remediation; misappropriation of our confidential information or that of our customers, employees, business partners or others; litigation and potential liability; enforcement actions and investigations by regulatory authorities; loss of

Previous wording

If our information technology systems, or that of third parties on which we rely on, are affected by a significant cyber breach, this could result in, among other things, a significant disruption to our operations; costly investigations and remediation; misappropriation of confidential information of the Company or that of our customers, employees, business partners or others; litigation and potential liability; enforcement actions and investigations by regulatory authorities; loss of customers and contracts; harm to our reputation; and a loss of management time, attention and resources from our regular business operations, any of which could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows. These types of events, either impacting our facilities or the industry in general, could also cause us to incur additional security and insurance related costs.

Current wording

-31- customers and contracts; harm to our reputation; and a loss of management time, attention and resources from our regular business operations, any of which could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows. These types of events, either impacting our facilities or the industry in general, could also cause us to incur additional security and insurance related costs.

Previous wording

Our cyber insurance is subject to a number of exclusions and may not cover the total loss or damage caused by a breach. In addition, the costs of responding to and recovering from a cyber incident may not be covered by insurance.

Current wording

Cyber insurance has been obtained to provide coverage for a portion of the losses and damages that may result from a security breach of information technology systems, but such insurance is subject to a number of exclusions and may not cover the total loss or damage caused by a breach. In addition, all costs of responding to and recovering from a cyber incident may not be covered by insurance.

Previous wording

Upgrades and improvements to computer systems and networks, or the implementation of new systems, may require substantial amounts of management’s time and financial resources to complete, and may also result in system or network defects or operational errors due to multiple factors, including the inability of employees to effectively use such new or upgraded systems. While we continue to implement technology to improve our business processes and customer interactions, any technical or other difficulties in transitioning, upgrading or improving existing or implementing new technology systems may increase costs beyond those anticipated and have an adverse or disruptive effect on our operations and reporting processes, including our internal control over financial reporting. We may also experience difficulties integrating current systems with new or upgraded systems, which may impact our ability to serve our customers effectively or efficiently. Although we make efforts to minimize any adverse impact on our controls, business and operations, we cannot assure that all such impacts have been or will be mitigated, and any such impacts could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Current wording

Upgrades and improvements to computer systems and networks, or the implementation of new systems, may require substantial amounts of management’s time and financial resources to complete, and may also result in system or network defects or operational errors due to multiple factors, including the inability of employees to effectively use such new or upgraded systems. While we continue to implement technology to improve our business processes and customer interactions, any technical or other difficulties in transitioning, upgrading or improving existing or implementing new technology systems may increase costs beyond those anticipated and have an adverse or disruptive effect on our operations and reporting processes, including our internal control over financial reporting. We may also experience difficulties integrating current systems with new or upgraded systems, which may impact our ability to serve our customers effectively or efficiently. Although we make efforts to minimize any adverse impact on our controls, business and operations, we cannot assure that all such impacts have been or will be

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had total indebtedness of$122.4 million. In addition, we may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Our indebtedness could have important consequences, including:

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, we had total indebtedness of$133.7 million. In addition, we may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Our indebtedness could have important consequences, including:

Previous wording

A slowdown or severe downturn in the housing market could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. During periods of economic distress, there may be an increase in home foreclosures and vacancies. For example, during the economic downturn beginning in 2008, our utilities experienced an increase in the number of vacant homes, reaching a peak of 4,020 vacant connections as of February 28, 2009, approximately 11.9% of our total connections at the time. Accordingly, in the event of an economic downturn, we may experience a material reduction in revenue. Although the U.S. economy and housing market continue to perform well, we cannot predict the overall trajectory of the market. Our growth depends significantly on increased residential and commercial development in our service areas, and if developers or builders are unable to complete additional residential and commercial projects, our revenue may decline.

Current wording

A slowdown or severe downturn in the housing market could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. During periods of economic distress, there may be an increase in home foreclosures and vacancies. For example, during the economic downturn beginning in 2008, our utilities experienced an increase in the number of vacant homes, reaching a peak of 4,020 vacant connections as of February 28, 2009, approximately 11.9% of our total connections at the time. Accordingly, in the event of an economic downturn, we may experience a material reduction in revenue. We cannot predict the overall trajectory of the U.S. economy and housing market. Our growth depends significantly on increased residential and commercial development in our service areas, and if developers or builders are unable to complete additional residential and commercial projects, our revenue may decline.

Previous wording

Our directors, executive officers and stockholders holding more than 5% of our capital stock and their affiliates beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately 53% of our outstanding common stock, including 42.4% beneficially owned in the aggregate by our former director, William S. Levine, and current director Jonathan L. Levine. As a result, these stockholders are able to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of us or our assets. This concentration of ownership could limit your ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us. There can be no assurance that their interests will not conflict with the interests of our other stockholders.

Current wording

Our directors, executive officers and stockholders holding more than 10% of our capital stock and their affiliates beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately 42.4% of our outstanding common stock, all of which is held by our former director, William S. Levine, and current director Jonathan L. Levine. As a result, these stockholders are able to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of us or our assets. This concentration of ownership could limit your ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us. There can be no assurance that their interests will not conflict with the interests of our other stockholders.

Previous wording

•changes in general market, economic and political conditions in the U.S., and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from natural disasters, terrorist attacks, acts of war (including the ongoing wars and conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas), other geopolitical uncertainties, public health concerns and responses to such events.

Current wording

•changes in general market, economic and political conditions in the U.S., and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from natural disasters, terrorist attacks, acts of war (including the ongoing wars and conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East), other geopolitical uncertainties, public health concerns and responses to such events.

Previous wording

Additionally, the existence of any material weakness or significant deficiency would require management to devote significant time and incur significant expense to remediate any such material weakness or significant deficiency and management may not be able to remediate any such material weakness or significant deficiency in a timely manner. The existence of any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting could also result in errors in our financial statements that could require us to restate our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, and cause stockholders to lose

Current wording

Additionally, the existence of any material weakness or significant deficiency would require management to devote significant time and incur significant expense to remediate any such material weakness or significant deficiency and management may not be able to remediate any such material weakness or significant deficiency in a timely manner. The existence of any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting could also result in errors in our financial statements that could require us to restate our financial statements, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, and cause stockholders to lose confidence in our reported financial information, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and share price.
Rearranged current paragraphs (4)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

-22- acquire or use to identify significant sources of contaminants on surrounding properties, these assessments are not comprehensive, nor have they been conducted for all of the property owned or used by us. As a result, hazardous or toxic substances may exist at properties owned or used by us. If previously unknown hazardous or toxic substances are discovered at real property or facilities owned or used by us (including a landfill owned by another party that is used by us for disposal of hazardous substances), we could incur significant remediation costs, liability exposure or litigation expenses that could adversely affect our profitability, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The wastewater collection, treatment and disposal operations of our utilities are subject to substantial regulation and involve significant environmental risks. If collection or sewage systems fail, overflow or do not operate properly, untreated wastewater or other contaminants could spill onto nearby properties or into nearby streams and rivers, potentially causing damage to

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The imposition of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

-32- mitigated, and any such impacts could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (7)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Municipalities and other governmental subdivisions have historically been involved in the provision of water and wastewater service, and efforts may arise from time to time to convert some or all of our assets to public ownership and operation. Arizona law provides for the acquisition of public utility property by governmental agencies through their power of eminent domain,

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

In Arizona, the ACC is the regulatory authority that oversees the formation, expansion and ongoing operations of water and wastewater utilities. The ACC has authority, among other things, to determine service areas for utility providers. In order for our owned utilities to provide water or wastewater service, they must obtain a CC&N for a service area before they can service that area. In addition, our owned utilities and/or the developments that we serve must demonstrate to the ADWR that there

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Our ability to meet the existing and future water demands of our customers depends on an adequate supply of water. In many areas of Arizona (including certain areas that we service), water supplies are limited and, in some cases, current usage rates

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Cleaning up water sources can be very expensive and if we are required to do so, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. In the event that our water supply is contaminated, we may have to

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

-28- compete effectively for new service areas and acquisitions of existing utilities, our ability to increase our rate base and revenue could be adversely affected.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

The Company has experienced, and expects to continue experiencing, these types of threats and attempted intrusions. The implementation of additional security measures could increase costs and have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial results. Cyber insurance has been obtained to provide coverage for a portion of the losses and damages that may result from a security breach of information technology systems, but such insurance may not cover the total loss or damage caused by a breach. In addition, all costs of responding to and recovering from a cyber incident may not be covered by insurance. These types of events could also require significant management attention and resources, and could adversely affect the Company’s reputation with customers and the public.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

-34- confidence in our reported financial information, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and share price.