ENERGY FUELS INC
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 26, 2026.
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FY2025 · Filed Feb 26, 2026
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The Pinyon Plain Project
The following technical and scientific description of the Pinyon Plain Project is based in part on the Preliminary Feasibility Study titled “Technical Report on the Updated Pre-Feasibility Study on the Pinyon Plain Project, Coconino County, Arizona, USA,” dated February 20, 2026, effective as of December 31, 2025, and prepared by Grant Malensek, M.Eng., P. Eng., Mark B. Mathisen, C.P.G., Yenlai Chee, C.P.G., Murray Dunn, P.Eng., each a Qualified Person employed by SLR, Lee (Pat) Gochnour, MMSA, a Qualified Person employed by Gouchnour & Associate, Inc. and Jeffrey L. Woods, MMSA, a Qualified Person employed by Woods Process Services (the “Pinyon Plain Technical Report Summary”). The Pinyon Plain Technical Report Summary was prepared in accordance with S-K 1300 and NI 43-101. The Pinyon Plain Project was considered under SEC S-K 1300 definitions to be a production stage property as of December 31, 2025 because it contains both Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves and material extraction of Mineral Reserves started in 2024. Production is expected to continue in 2026.
The Pinyon Plain Project is a fully permitted underground uranium deposit in northern Arizona, located on a 17-acre site within the Kaibab National Forest. The property is located at latitude 35°52'58.65” N and longitude 112° 5'47.05” W. It is situated 153 mi north of Phoenix, 86 mi northwest of Flagstaff, and seven miles southeast of Tusayan, in Sections 19 and 20, Township 29 North, Range 03 East, Gila and Salt River Meridian (GSRM), Coconino County, Arizona. Ore haulage from the Pinyon Plain Project to the Mill in Blanding, Utah, is 315 miles on paved roads and 5 miles on dirt roads.
The Company’s property position at the Pinyon Plain Project consists of nine unpatented lode mining claims (Canyon 64–66, 74–76, and 84–86), located on USFS land, encompassing approximately 186 acres. All claims are held in perpetuity by annual claims payments due on September 1. EFR acquired the Pinyon Plain Project in June 2012 and has a 100% interest in the claims.
Claim maintenance costs for 2025 were $1,800. The claims have a 3.5% Atomic Energy Commission Circular 5 royalty on uranium production, payable to a former owner of the claims.
Access to the Pinyon Plain Project site is via State Highway 64 and Federal Highway 180 to within five miles of the project site, then over unsurfaced public USFS roads. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railway line passes east-west 50 mi south of the site at Williams, and a spur of the railway, which passes 10 mi west of the Pinyon Plain Project site, services the Grand Canyon National Park. Airports at Flagstaff, Phoenix, Prescott and Tusayan provide air access to the area.
The climate in northern Arizona is semi-arid, with cold winters and hot summers. January temperatures range from approximately 7°F to 57°F and July temperatures range from 52°F to 97°F. Annual precipitation, mostly in the form of rain but with some snow, is about 12 in.
Northern Arizona is part of the Colorado Plateau, a region of the western U.S. characterized by semi-arid, high-altitude, gently sloping plateaus dissected by steep walled canyons, volcanic mountain peaks, and extensive erosional escarpments. The Pinyon Plain Project is located on the Coconino Plateau within the Colorado Plateau, at an elevation of approximately 6,500 feet above sea level (ft ASL).
Although the Coconino Plateau is sparsely populated, tourist traffic to Grand Canyon National Park results in large numbers of people passing through the region daily. Personnel for future mining operations are expected to be sourced from the nearby towns of Williams and Flagstaff, Arizona (50 miles and 70 miles, respectively), as well as other underground mining districts in the western U.S. Material mined at the Pinyon Plain Project will be transported 320 miles on paved roads to EFR’s White Mesa Mill in Blanding, Utah for processing.
In 1982, EFN, which is not part of Energy Fuels Inc., acquired the Project. From 1982 to 1987, EFN conducted exploration drilling, permitted the mine, constructed certain surface facilities including a headframe, hoist, and compressor, and sunk the shaft to a depth of 50 ft. From 1987 to 2013, the Project was put on standby due to low uranium prices. In 2012, EFR acquired the Project through its acquisition of Denison Mines Corporation’s US assets (Denison). Beginning in 2013, EFR refurbished the surface facilities and extended the shaft an additional 228 ft to a depth of 278 ft. In late 2013, the project was again placed on standby due to low uranium prices. In October 2015, EFR re-started the Project and committed to completing the shaft and underground delineation drilling program. From October 2015 to March 2017, the shaft was sunk to a depth of 1,452 ft, and three development levels were started at the 1,003 ft, 1,220 ft; and 1,400 ft depths, all of which have functioned as drill stations. The final depth for the shaft is 1,470 ft.
In addition to the mine shaft, existing surface mine infrastructure includes surface maintenance shops, employee offices and change rooms, a water well, an evaporation pond, water treatment plant, explosive magazines, water tanks, fuel tank, and a rock stockpile (development rock). Electrical power is available through an existing power line that terminates at the site.
History
The Pinyon Plain Project is located on mining claims that EFN acquired from Gulf Mineral Resources (Gulf) in 1982 who originally staked the claims in April 1978. EFN was acquired by the Concord group in the early-1990s. The Concord group declared bankruptcy in 1995, and most of the EFN assets, including the Pinyon Plain Project, were acquired by IUC in 1997. IUC merged with Denison Mines Inc. on December 1, 2006, and the new company changed its name to Denison Mines Corporation. In June 2012, Energy Fuels Inc. acquired all of Denison’s mining assets and operations in the U.S. Currently the Pinyon Plain Project claims are held by the Company. Between 1978 and 1994, Gulf and EFN drilled 45 surface holes, including a deep water well, totaling 62,289 ft.
Since 1994, exploration activities undertaken on the property have only included drilling. Prior to that, exploration activities carried out by EFR’s predecessors from 1983 to 1987 include:
Ground control source audio magneto tellurium (CSAMT) surveys
Ground magnetics
Ground very low frequency (VLF) surveys
Time domain electro-magnetic surveys (TDEM)
Surface gravity surveys
Airborne electromagnetic (EM) surveys
During 2016 and 2017 the Company conducted an underground exploration drilling campaign during shaft sinking completing 30,314 ft. of drilling. Shaft sinking continued into 2018 finishing at a total depth of 1,470 ft.
The Pinyon Plain Project is located on public lands managed by the USFS and has an approved PO with the USFS. In 2020, the Company submitted a clean closure plan to the USFS to provide a description of how the Company will reclaim the mine to clean closure standards after the cessation of mining operations, as contemplated in the USFS-approved PO, Record of Decision and modifications to the reclamation plan contained in Appendix B of the Environmental Impact Statement. The clean closure plan included an update to the reclamation cost estimate, resulting in an increase from $461,245 to $1,407,235. In September 2009, the groundwater General Aquifer Protection Permit (“APP”) was obtained for the water storage pond from the ADEQ. This permit was up for renewal in 2019, and an application for renewal was timely submitted by the Company in 2019. General APPs were also obtained from ADEQ for the development rock stockpile and intermediate ore stockpile in December 2011 and renewed in 2018. At the request of the ADEQ, the three General APPs were consolidated into an Individual APP on April 28, 2022, which resulted in a supplemental reclamation bond being issued in the amount of $132,581. An Air Quality Permit was issued by ADEQ in March 2011, renewed in 2016, amended in 2017 and renewed in 2021. The Company received EPA’s approval under the Clean Air Act National Emissions Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants for the Pinyon Plain Project in September of 2015.
Development of uranium-bearing breccia pipes of the Arizona Strip requires minimal surface disturbance, typically less than 20 acres total. Thus, the overall environmental impact is minimal. Nevertheless, the areas in the general vicinity of the Grand Canyon can be environmentally sensitive in many ways and so the permitting, development, and operation of a uranium extraction facility in this area remains a contentious issue. As described above, in 2009 over one million acres of federal land were withdrawn from mineral location, subject to valid existing rights, and on August 8, 2023, President Biden designated the Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument, which also restricted approximately one million acres of previously withdrawn lands from mineral location, subject to valid existing rights. The Pinyon Plain mine is located within these withdrawal and national monument areas, but is considered to have valid existing rights, so can continue to be mined in accordance with its USFS-approved PO. Reclamation at the Pinyon Plain Project is bonded at its total expected cost.
Parts of two distant physiographic provinces are found in Arizona: the Basin and Range Province located in the southern portion of the state; and the Colorado Plateau Province located across the northern and central portions of the state. Pinyon Plain lies within the Colorado Plateau Province.
The region has experienced volcanic activity since the Pliocene epoch. A number of lava-capped buttes rise above the general landscape, and lava flows cover large areas in the southern part of the district. Faulting has exerted significant control on the geologic development and geomorphic history of the region. Major structural features include the Grand Wash, Hurricane, and Toroweap fault systems, all trending generally north-south with an eastern up-thrown side. These faults are topographically prominent and show impressive scarps though other less prominent fault systems exist.
The surface expression of the Pinyon Plain breccia pipe is a broad shallow depression in the Permian Kaibab Formation. The pipe is essentially vertical with an average diameter of less than 200 ft. but is considerably narrower through the Coconino and Hermit horizons (80 ft in diameter). The cross-sectional area is in the order of 20,000 ft 2 to 25,000 ft 2. The pipe extends for at least 2,300 ft vertically from the Toroweap limestone to the upper Redwall horizons. The ultimate depth of the pipe is unknown. Uranium mineralization is concentrated in an annular ring within the breccia pipe.
Mineralization extends vertically both inside and outside the pipe over approximately 1,700 vertical ft, but potentially economic grade mineralization has been found mainly in the collapsed portions of the Coconino, Hermit, and Esplanade horizons and at the margins of the pipe in fracture zones. Sulphide zones are found scattered throughout the pipe but are especially concentrated in a sulphide cap near the Toroweap-Coconino contact, where the cap averages 20 ft in thickness and consists of pyrite and bravoite, an iron-nickel sulphide. The mineralization assemblage consists of uranium-pyrite-hematite with massive copper sulphide mineralization common in and near the uranium zone. The strongest mineralization appears to occur in the lower Hermit-upper Esplanade horizons in an annular fracture zone.
In the mineralized zone, the uranium mineralization occurs largely as blebs, streaks, small veins, and fine disseminations of uraninite/pitchblende (UO 2). Mineralization is mainly confined to matrix material, but may extend into clasts and larger breccia fragments, particularly where these fragments are Coconino sandstone. Typically replacing the matrix material, copper occurs as chalcocite, bornite, tennantite, and covelite. Additionally, lower quantities of silver, zinc, lead, molybdenum, copper, nickel, and vanadium are present and scattered throughout the pipe.
The assay data used to calculate the Mineral Resource and Reserve estimate for the Project is a combination of radiometric log data and core. Calibration data for natural gamma is available for both historical and recent drilling. When drilling is active, the natural gamma logging trucks and tools are calibrated at least every three months. Natural gamma calibration is performed at DOE standard calibration facilities located in Grand Junction, Colorado.
Drill core was collected from both historical surface holes and underground drilling. The historic underground drilling core (2016-2017), which makes up the majority of data for the Main Zone, was analyzed at the Mill. The Company utilized standard QA/QC procedures for analyzing uranium. This QA/QC program involved the submission of duplicate samples, certified reference materials and blank samples to the White Mesa Mill laboratory. It also included sending samples to 3rd Party laboratories for analysis and the submission of certified reference materials to those laboratories.
Drill core collected from recent underground drilling (2024-2025), which makes up the majority of the data for the Juniper Zone, was analyzed at Hazen Research, Inc. in Golden, Colorado. The Company submitted standard QA/QC samples to the laboratory for the analysis of uranium only. This QA/QC program involved the submission of duplicate samples, certified reference materials and blank samples to Hazen Research, Inc. It included sending check samples to the White Mesa Mill laboratory and to a 3rd party laboratory, Pace Analytical, in Sheridan, Wyoming. Certified reference materials and blank materials were also submitted to these laboratories.
Utilizing only natural gamma logs as assay data could lead to an over or under estimation of Mineral Resources due to disequilibrium. Positive disequilibrium occurs when the uranium present has not had enough time to decay and produce daughter isotopes, which are what are actually measured during a natural gamma assay. Under positive disequilibrium a natural gamma assay would indicate lower amounts of uranium than what is present. Negative disequilibrium occurs when uranium has had enough time to decay to produce the daughter radioisotopes but was remobilized and removed from the deposit. This would lead to measuring more uranium than is present. The use of core to verify natural gamma logs is standard practice and allows for the calculation of a disequilibrium factor. The disequilibrium factor applied to the Project Mineral Resource is 1.0.
Mineral Resource Estimate
The Mineral Resource estimate was completed using a conventional block modeling approach. The workflow used by SLR included developing a geological/stratigraphic model of the breccia-pipe host based on drill logs and downhole radiometric logging. Six uranium (U 3 O 8) mineralization domains (wireframes) were interpreted using equivalent uranium grade assays at a nominal cut-off grade of 0.15% U 3 O 8.
Model estimates were validated using standard industry techniques, including statistical comparisons between composite samples and parallel inverse distance squared (ID²), ordinary kriging (OK), and nearest neighbor (NN) estimates; swath plots; and visual reviews in cross-section and plan. Following grade estimation, a visual review comparing block estimates to drill holes was conducted to confirm general lithologic and analytical conformance, and the work was peer-reviewed prior to finalization.
Mineral Resources exclude previously reported uranium mineralization within the Cap and Upper zones in accordance with conditions of the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) Aquifer Protection Permit, which restricts mining between elevations of 5,340 ft and 4,508 ft above sea level.
The Pinyon Plain Mineral Resources are reported in situ at a long-term uranium price of US$90/pound U₃O₈ using an equivalent uranium cut-off grade of 0.31% eU₃O₈ and an assumed 96% metallurgical recovery.
The table below sets out the Mineral Resources estimates for the Pinyon Plain Project as of December 31, 2025. As stated in S-K 1300 regulations, Mineral Resources must be reported exclusively of Mineral Reserves. These estimates are derived from the Pinyon Plain Technical Report Summary. Daniel Kapostasy, the Company’s non-independent Qualified Person, reviewed and confirmed that the Mineral Resources estimates set forth in the Pinyon Plain Technical Report Summary remained accurate as of December 31, 2025.
Pinyon Plain Project – Summary of Mineral Resources – In Situ Uranium, December 31, 2025(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)
| Zone | Classification | Cut-Off | Tonnage | Grade | Contained Metal | Metallurgical Recovery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (% U3O8) · (Tons) · (% U3O8) · (lb U3O8) | ||||||
| Main | Measured | 0.31 | — | — | — | — |
| Indicated | 0.31 | 10,454 | 0.604 | 126,197 | 96% | |
| Measured + Indicated | 0.31 | 10,454 | 0.604 | 126,197 | 96% | |
| Inferred | 0.31 | 7,293 | 0.816 | 119,022 | 96% | |
| Main Lower | Measured | 0.31 | — | — | — | — |
| Indicated | 0.31 | 1,385 | 0.407 | 11,281 | 96% | |
| Measured + Indicated | 0.31 | 1,385 | 0.407 | 11,281 | 96% | |
| Inferred | 0.31 | 2,671 | 0.470 | 25,091 | 96% | |
| Juniper | Measured | 0.31 | — | — | — | — |
| Indicated | 0.31 | 7,198 | 0.471 | 67,731 | 96% | |
| Measured + Indicated | 0.31 | 7,198 | 0.471 | 67,731 | 96% | |
| Inferred | 0.31 | 4,917 | 0.983 | 96,662 | 96% | |
| Juniper Lower | Measured | 0.31 | — | — | — | — |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicated | 0.31 | — | — | — | — | |
| Measured + Indicated | 0.31 | — | — | — | — | |
| Inferred | 0.31 | 37 | 0.319 | 235 | 96% | |
| Total Measured | 0.31 | — | — | — | — | |
| Total Indicated | 0.31 | 19,038 | 0.539 | 205,209 | 96% | |
| Total Measured + Indicated | 0.31 | 19,038 | 0.539 | 205,209 | 96% | |
| Total Inferred | 0.31 | 14,917 | 0.808 | 241,010 | 96% |
Notes:
(1) SEC S-K 1300 definitions were followed for all Mineral Resource categories. These definitions are also consistent with CIM (2014) definitions in NI 43-101.
(2) Mineral Resources are estimated at 0.310% U 3 O 8 with an estimated metallurgical recovery of 96% for uranium.
(3) Mineral Resources are estimated using a long-term uranium price of US$90 per pound. The long-term uranium price is based on supply and demand projections for the period 2026-2040.
(5) Bulk density is 0.099 st/ft 3 (10.1 ft 3/ton or 3.50 ton/m 3) for the Main and Juniper Zones and 0.082 st/ft 3 (12.2 ft 3/ton or 2.63 ton/m 3) for the Main Lower and Juniper Lower Zone.
(6) Mineral Resources are exclusive of Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability.
(7) Numbers may not add due to rounding.
(8) Mineral Resources are 100% attributable to the Company.
The U 3 O 8 Mineral Resource estimate for the Pinyon Plain Project dated December 31, 2025 differed from the previously reported Mineral Resource estimate as of December 31, 2024, as shown in the following table:
Pinyon Plain Project – Comparison between December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 Mineral Resources(1)
| December 31, 2024 In-Situ Uranium Mineral Resources | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zone · Classification · Cut-Off · Tonnage · Grade · Contained Metal | |||||||
| (% U3O8) · (Tons) · (% U3O8) · (lb U3O8) | |||||||
| Main Lower | Measured | 0.3 | — | — | — | ||
| Indicated | 0.3 | — | — | — | |||
| Measured + Indicated | 0.3 | — | — | — | |||
| Inferred | 0.3 | 2,000 | 0.48 | 16,000 | |||
| Juniper I (Juniper) | Measured | 0.3 | — | — | — | ||
| Indicated | 0.3 | 37,000 | 0.95 | 703,000 | |||
| Measured + Indicated | 0.3 | 37,000 | 0.95 | 703,000 | |||
| Inferred | 0.3 | 2,000 | 0.58 | 24,000 | |||
| Juniper II (Juniper Lower) | Measured | 0.3 | — | — | — | ||
| Indicated | 0.3 | — | — | — | |||
| Measured + Indicated | 0.3 | — | — | — | |||
| Inferred | 0.3 | 1,000 | 0.36 | 8,000 | |||
| Total Measured | 0.3 | — | |||||
| Total Indicated | 0.3 | 37,000 | 0.95 | 703,000 | |||
| Total Measured + Indicated | 0.3 | 37,000 | 0.95 | 703,000 | |||
| Total Inferred | 0.3 | 5,000 | 0.50 | 48,000 | |||
| Variance % (2025 Mineral Resources vs 2024 Mineral Resources) | |||||||
| Main Lower | Measured | 3.3% | —% | —% | —% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicated | 3.3% | —% | —% | —% | |
| Measured + Indicated | 3.3% | —% | —% | —% | |
| Inferred | 3.3% | 33.6% | (15.2)% | 56.8% | |
| Juniper I (Juniper) | Measured | 3.3% | —% | —% | —% |
| Indicated | 3.3% | (80.5)% | (50.4)% | (90.4)% | |
| Measured + Indicated | 3.3% | (80.5)% | (50.4)% | (90.4)% | |
| Inferred | 3.3% | 145.9% | 69.5% | 302.8% | |
| Juniper II (Juniper Lower) | Measured | 3.3% | —% | —% | —% |
| Indicated | 3.3% | —% | —% | —% | |
| Measured + Indicated | 3.3% | —% | —% | —% | |
| Inferred | 3.3% | (96.3)% | (11.4)% | (97.1)% | |
| Total Measured | 3.3% | —% | —% | —% | |
| Total Indicated | 3.3% | (48.5)% | (43.3)% | (70.8)% | |
| Total Measured + Indicated | 3.3% | (48.5)% | (43.3)% | (70.8)% | |
| Total Inferred | 3.3% | 198.3% | 61.6% | 402.1% |
Notes:
(1) There were no reported Mineral Resources for the Main Zone at December 31, 2024, so no basis for a comparison.
These changes are primarily due to an overall update of the block model based on additional drilling in the Juniper and Juniper lower zones as well as mining production data from the Main Zone. The deposit contains very friable high grade uranium that is difficult to delineate with drilling. Mine production data was used to influence the revised estimate of the Main Zone. Mining data from production was used to better understand both the tonnage and grade. Grade data from mininig was used in the Mineral Resource estimate. Mine production in the Main Zone is removed from the Mineral Reserve not the Mineral Resource and is therefore disclosed below. Daniel Kapostasy, the Company’s non-independent Qualified Person, reviewed and confirmed that the Mineral Resources estimates set forth in the Pinyon Plain Technical Report.
The Company is currently mining the Main Zone of Pinyon Plain, which contains approximately 11.7 million lb of Cu. At this time, the Company does not intend to expend the capital required to build a Cu circuit at the Mill. Accordingly, the new Pinyon Plain Technical Report Summary does not include any copper Mineral Resources as of December 31, 2025, representing a 100% reduction in the copper Mineral Resources for Pinyon Plain since December 31, 2024, when the Company had estimated copper Mineral Resources for Pinyon Plain of 1,155 pounds of Measured Mineral Resources, 10,545 pounds of Indicated Mineral Resources and 470 pounds of Inferred Mineral Resources.
Mineral Reserve Estimate
The Mineral Reserve estimate for Pinyon Plain is based on the Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources as of December 31, 2025, a detailed mine design, and modifying factors such as a feasible mining method, external dilution, and mining extraction factors. No Inferred Mineral Resources were converted to Mineral Reserves. Mineral Reserves are reported in situ, after application of mining dilution and mining extraction, but prior to application of metallurgical recovery. Metallurgical recovery is applied subsequently in the economic analysis to estimate recovered and saleable U₃O₈.
The planned mining method at Pinyon Plain is longhole stoping. Development waste rock will be temporarily stored on surface and then used at the end of mining to fill voids created by mining. Metallurgical test results provided by White Mesa Mill laboratory personnel indicated that metallurgical recoveries using optimum roasting and leach conditions will be approximately 96% for uranium.
The underground mine design was based on grade envelopes of assays at a nominal grade of 0.35% U 3 O 8 using underground mining methods and processing via a toll milling agreement.
Current economic conditions, mine design, and cash flow analysis do not account for processing of copper mineralization and thus copper is excluded from the Mineral Reserve estimate.
The table below sets out the Mineral Reserves estimates for the Pinyon Plain Project as of December 31, 2025. Daniel Kapostasy, the Company’s non-independent Qualified Person, reviewed and confirmed that the Mineral Reserve estimates set forth in the Pinyon Plain Technical Report Summary remained accurate as of December 31, 2025.
Pinyon Plain Project – Summary of Mineral Reserves, December 31, 2025(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
| Zone · Classification · Cut-Off(% U3O8) · Tonnage(Tons) · Grade(% U3O8) · Contained Metal(lb U3O8) · Metallurgical Recovery | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main | Proven | 0.35 | 17,500 | 1.04% | 365,300 | 96% | |||
| Probable | 0.35 | 79,900 | 1.06% | 1,697,600 | 96% | ||||
| Juniper | Proven | 0.35 | — | — | — | 96% | |||
| Probable | 0.35 | 35,700 | 0.71% | 508,300 | 96% | ||||
| Total Proven + Probable | 0.35 | 133,000 | 0.97% | 2,571,200 | 96% | ||||
Notes:
(1) SEC S-K 1300 definitions were followed for all Mineral Reserve categories. These definitions are also consistent with CIM (2014) definitions in NI 43-101.
(2) The Mineral Reserve estimate is reported on a 100% ownership basis.
(3) Mineral Reserves are reported on an in situ basis after applying dilution and mining extraction.
(4) Mineral Reserves are estimated using a long-term uranium price of $80/pound U 3 O 8, and a breakeven cut-off grade of 0.35% U 3 O 8.
(5) Stope shapes were created using a minimum mining width of 4 ft and 20 ft vertical stope heights.
(6) A tonnage factor of 0.099 st/ft 3 was used which is derived from operational data.
(7) Numbers might not add due to rounding.
(8) The Mineral Reserve is exclusive of all mining that took place prior to December 31, 2025 which includes approximately 54,000 tons containing 1,742,000 pounds U 3 O 8.
The U 3 O 8 Mineral Reserve Estimate for the Pinyon Plain Project dated December 31, 2025 differed from the previously reported Mineral Reserve estimate as of December 31, 2024, as shown in the following table:
Pinyon Plain Project – Comparison between December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 Mineral Reserves(1)
| Zone · Classification · Cut-Off(% U3O8) · Tonnage(Tons) · Grade(% U3O8) · Contained Metal(lb U3O8) · Metallurgical Recovery | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2024 Proven and Probable Reserves | ||||||||
| Main | Proven | 0.30 | 7,800 | 0.33% | 50,800 | 96% | ||
| Probable | 0.30 | 126,700 | 0.60% | 1,517,000 | 96% | |||
| Total Proven + Probable | 0.30 | 134,500 | 0.58% | 1,567,800 | 96% | |||
| Variance % (2025 Mineral Reserves vs 2024 Mineral Reserves) | ||||||||
| Main | Proven | 16.7% | 124% | 215% | 619% | 96% | ||
| Probable | 16.7% | (37)% | 77% | 12% | 96% | |||
| Total Proven + Probable | 16.7% | (28)% | 83% | 32% | 96% | |||
Notes:
(1) There were no reported Mineral Reserves for the Juniper Zone at December 31, 2024, so no basis for a comparison.
The changes are primarily due to an estimation of the underlying Mineral Resources that did not fully reflect the reality of the deposit. The deposit contains very friable high grade uranium in fractures that is difficult to delineate with underground drilling. Data from mining the Main Zone was used to influence the updated underlying Mineral Resource and increase the overall recoverable pounds. In addition, additional drilling in the Juniper Zone allowed that portion of the deposit to be converted to Mineral Reserves using the appropriate modifying factors.
Reconciliation Data 2024-2025 Production
A reconciliation was completed between reported uranium production for the 2024–2025 period and the Mineral Resource Estimate block model for the Pinyon Plain Mine by depleting the model using company-provided mine-out shapes totaling 553,728 ft³ for the Main Zone and comparing the results to the cumulative production of 1,741,695 pounds U 3 O 8 for 2024–2025.
Using the surveyed mine-out volume and reported production tonnage, the implied in situ tonnage factor for the Main Zone is approximately 0.099 st/ft³, which is materially higher than the global density of 0.082 st/ft³ used in previous resource estimates. The global density was derived from extensive caliper-based specific gravity measurements on 2,857 drill core samples, modeled using inverse distance squared interpolation, and validated against wax-sealed water-immersion measurements on 37 full-core samples, which indicated that the caliper method averages approximately 1% higher, a difference previously considered immaterial.
However, reconciliation demonstrates that this global density is not representative of in situ conditions within the high-grade mined domains. Accordingly, a production-derived tonnage factor of 0.099 st/ft³ was applied on a domain-restricted basis to the Main Zone, consistent with CIM (2019) guidance to apply locally calibrated modifying factors, which was justified by operational data. Using this revised density, the depleted Main Zone resource is estimated at 54,819 tons at 1.30% U 3 O 8, for 1,420,030 pounds U 3 O 8. A comparison between the mine reported production values and updated model results using the higher in situ tonnage factor is presented in the table below.
| Model vs. Production | Tonnage | Grade | Contained Metal |
|---|---|---|---|
| (st) · (%U3O8) · (lb U3O8) | |||
| Model | 54,819 | 1.30 | 1,420,030 |
| Mine | 54,009 | 1.61 | 1,741,695 |
| Mine to Model | (1.5)% | 19.7% | 18.5% |
At the Pinyon Plain Project, all surface facilities are in place. During 2017, an underground drilling program was completed, shaft sinking continued, and a large water tank was installed. The shaft sinking was completed by mid-March 2018. The depth of the shaft is approximately 1,470 feet below ground surface. Shaft stations are developed at depths of 1,000 feet (elevation 5,506 feet above sea level), 1,220 feet (elevation 5,286) and 1,400 feet (elevation 5,106).
In 2019, a 1,000,000-gallon water tank was installed, in addition to the existing 400,000-gallon tank installed in 2017. These above-ground storage tanks are used for operational flexibility and extra water storage capacity during winter months. Three floating, downcasting, enhanced evaporators have been installed in the Non-Stormwater Impoundment to aid in evaporation. The tanks and evaporators are part of Energy Fuels’ water balance management practices at the site.
In 2020, a fourth floating, down-casting, enhanced evaporator was installed at the site to increase the operational flexibility of the water balance management practices. Additionally, a water capture and pumping system was installed in the shaft to segregate unimpacted water and store it for beneficial use.
In 2021, a water treatment plant was installed to process water for offsite transport. The water treatment plant was commissioned in April 2021. Water use agreements have been entered into with local farmers and ranchers through which they may utilize excess water from the Pinyon Plain Project for their own beneficial uses within the Coconino Plateau groundwater basin.
The Company decided in early 2022 to resume construction work at the Pinyon Plain mine. Site personnel were hired mid-year and work commenced to rehabilitate surface and underground infrastructure, including the mine shaft, hoist, shaft load out equipment, air compressors and mobile mine equipment. In some cases, new and used mining equipment was purchased. Engineering included finalizing the mine design, ventilation network and load out system. Mine development began in late 2022, which included driving drifts to the shaft loadout and sump clean-out.
In continuing to move the Project towards production, work in 2023 included the hiring of new onsite personnel, installation of underground loading pockets, continued underground drift development, the installation of an underground shop, construction of a surface ore pad and starting a vent raise.
In 2024, a vent raise was completed, which aided in providing fresh air to the mine as well as acting as an emergency escapeway. Underground development continued in both the Main and Juniper zones. Two drill stations were installed along the decline to the Juniper Zone. Delineation drilling in the Juniper Zone started in October 2024 and is expected to be completed in Q1 2025. Ore that was encountered during development was mined and placed on the ore pad. As of December 31, 2024, 6,815 tons of ore were mined at an average grade of 1.53% U 3 O 8 containing 207,981 pounds U 3 O 8. Transportation from and hence Production at Pinyon Plain was delayed in 2024 by several months as the Company engaged in discussions with the Navajo Nation, the largest and most populous indigenous tribe in the U.S., that resulted in the signing of an agreement governing the transport of uranium ore along federal and state highways crossing the Navajo Nation, which was announced on January 29, 2025. Ore transport from the Pinyon Plain mine re-commenced on February 12, 2025, which resolved the issue and ended the delay in transportation and production.
The Pinyon Plain Mine is being developed from the two lower shaft stations. Development drifts are driven by miners using jack-legs to spiral around the mineralized zone of the breccia pipe in the country rock and establishing various sub-levels to access the ore. Once development is complete, miners then proceed to stope mine areas to create voids where the ore can then be ring drilled and larger zones can be mined in bulk. Ore is moved to the shaft utilizing Load-Haul-Dump ("LHD") muckers, dumped into a grizzly that feeds a hopper. The hopper loads the skips where it is then hoisted to the surface, dumped and moved to the ore pad for temporary storage. The ore from the ore pad is loaded into trucks, tarped and hauled to the Company’s White Mesa Mill for processing.
The Pinyon Plain Project was acquired by the Company in June 2012 through the acquisition of the U.S. Mining Division from Denison. As of December 31, 2025, the total net book value attributable to the Pinyon Plain Project and its associated equipment on the financial statements of the Company was $8.34 million.
In 2026, the Company plans to continue production of U 3 O 8 from Pinyon Plain. Mining will continue in the Main Zone while a decline is driven to access the Juniper Zone. Once the decline and ventilation have been established mining will commence in the Juniper Zone.
The text of this filing, as the company filed it with the SEC, without its images or exhibits. This is not investment advice.