TIMKEN CO

Several years ago, the Company closed its primary defined benefit plan in the United States (the “Pension Plan”) to new entrants and ceased providing Excess Benefit Agreements to newly appointed officers. Benefits under both the Pension Plan (inclusive of the restoration portion described below) and the Excess Benefit Agreements were frozen on December 31, 2022. In connection with the Pension Plan freeze, Mr. Coughlin, our only NEO who participated in the Pension Plan, became eligible to receive Qualified Core DC Contributions starting in 2023.

Due to the varying tenure of our NEOs and the transition of our retirement plans, our U.S.-based NEOs participated in different programs during 2023 based on their eligibility as follows:

Because Mr. Roellgen is based in Colmar, France, he does not participate in the U.S. plans outlined above. A summary of the plans in which he participates is set forth below.

The following is a summary of the plans in which the NEOs other than Mr. Roellgen participated during 2023:

Supplemental retirement benefits for NEOs who have an Excess Benefit Agreement will be calculated using a target benefit of 60% of Final Average Earnings preceding the plan freeze, offset by the sum of: (a) an annuity which could be purchased at market rates with the value of Company matching contributions, any “Core DC” contributions available under the Company’s Savings and Investment Retirement Plan (the “SIP Plan”), and “Post-Tax Savings Plan” contributions earned prior to the pension freeze, accumulated at an assumed 8% interest rate until benefit commencement, and (b) any Company-provided defined benefit pensions. The net benefit after offsets is automatically paid as a lifetime annuity or an unadjusted 50% joint-and-survivor annuity depending on whether the executive is married when benefits commence. Alternatively, the executive can elect an actuarially equivalent lump sum with payment delayed 5 years.

Participating NEOs ratably earn the 60% benefit over 10 years (15 years for Mr. Kyle) of Company service. All participating NEOs have fully accrued the benefit and are fully vested. Participating NEOs can retire after age 55, but the benefit is reduced by 4% for each year benefits commence prior to age 62. Mr. Coughlin, Mr. Fracassa and Mr. Kyle are currently eligible for retirement under this plan.

Because Mr. Roellgen is based in Colmar, France, he does not participate in the U.S. plans outlined above. Instead, Mr. Roellgen participates in a legally required French Retirement Indemnity Plan (the “FRIP”) as well as the Timken Europe Supplementary Pension Plan with Defined Benefits (the “Europe Executive Plan”). The FRIP covers all French employees and pays a lump sum benefit based on service. The maximum FRIP benefit payable is six months of pay following 40 years of service. Mr. Roellgen’s benefits under the Europe Executive Plan are equal to 10% of his highest 3 years of pension earnings multiplied by the ratio of his years of service at December 31, 2012 to his years of service at retirement. The benefit is paid in the form of a 60% joint-and-survivor annuity. The Europe Executive Plan benefit vests only upon his retirement from the Company. While his accumulation of years of service was frozen under the Europe Executive Plan in 2012, his benefit continues to reflect compensation increases since 2012. Following the freeze of accumulation of years of service under the Europe Executive Plan, Mr. Roellgen commenced earning benefits under the Company’s French qualified defined contribution plan (the “French DC”). The French DC provides contributions of 4% of eligible compensation to certain employees under French law.