COMMUNITY TRUST BANCORP INC /KY/

Previous wording

Community Trust Bancorp, Inc. (“CTBI”) is a bank holding company headquartered in Pikeville, Kentucky. Currently, we own one commercial bank, Community Trust Bank, Inc. (“CTB”) and one trust company, Community Trust and Investment Company. Through our subsidiaries, we have eighty-one banking locations in eastern, northern, northeastern, central, and south central Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee, four trust offices across Kentucky, and one trust office in northeastern Tennessee. At September 30, 2025, we had total consolidated assets of $6.6 billion and total consolidated deposits, including repurchase agreements, of $5.7 billion. Total shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2025 was $831.4 million. Trust assets under management at September 30, 2025 were $4.0 billion, including CTB’s investment portfolio totaling $1.0 billion.

Current wording

Community Trust Bancorp, Inc. (“CTBI”) is a bank holding company headquartered in Pikeville, Kentucky. Currently, we own one commercial bank, Community Trust Bank, Inc. (“CTB”) and one trust company, Community Trust and Investment Company. Through our subsidiaries, we have seventy-eight banking locations in eastern, northern, northeastern, central, and south central Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee, four trust offices across Kentucky, and one trust office in northeastern Tennessee. At March 31, 2026, we had total consolidated assets of $6.7 billion and total consolidated deposits, including repurchase agreements, of $5.7 billion. Total shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2026 was $871.2 million. Trust assets under management at March 31, 2026 were $4.3 billion, including CTB’s investment portfolio totaling $1.1 billion.

Previous wording

We reported earnings for the third quarter 2025 of $23.9 million, or $1.33 per basic share, compared to $24.9 million, or $1.38 per basic share, earned during the second quarter 2025 and $22.1 million, or $1.23 per basic share, earned during the third quarter 2024. Total revenue for the quarter was $1.3 million above prior quarter and $8.7 million above prior year same quarter. Net interest revenue for the quarter increased $1.5 million compared to prior quarter and $8.4 million compared to prior year same quarter, and noninterest income decreased $0.2 million compared to prior quarter but increased $0.4 million compared to prior year same quarter. Our provision for credit losses for the quarter increased $1.8 million from prior quarter and $1.1 million from prior year same quarter. Noninterest expense increased $1.1 million compared to prior quarter and $4.2 million compared to prior year same quarter. Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $10.5 million, or $0.57 per basic share, above prior year.

Current wording

We reported earnings for the first quarter 2026 of $27.2 million, or $1.51 per basic earnings per share, compared to $27.3 million, or $1.51 per basic share, earned during the fourth quarter 2025 and $22.0 million, or $1.22 per basic share, earned during the first quarter 2025. Total revenue for the quarter was $0.5 million below prior quarter but $8.0 million above prior year same quarter. Net interest income for the quarter increased $0.7 million compared to prior quarter and $7.5 million compared to prior year same quarter, and noninterest income decreased $1.2 million compared to prior quarter but increased $0.5 million compared to prior year same quarter. Our provision for credit losses for the quarter decreased $0.6 million from prior quarter and $1.3 million from prior year same quarter. Noninterest expense increased $0.1 million compared to prior quarter and $2.3 million compared to prior year same quarter.

Previous wording

Net interest income for the quarter of $55.6 million was $1.5 million, or 2.8%, above prior quarter and $8.4 million, or 17.7%, above prior year same quarter. Our net interest margin, on a fully tax equivalent basis, at 3.60% decreased 4 basis points from prior quarter but increased 21 basis points from prior year same quarter. Our quarterly average earning assets increased $168.0 million, an annualized 11.1%, from prior quarter and $581.0 million, or 10.4%, from prior year same quarter. Our yield on average earning assets decreased 3 basis points from prior quarter but increased 1 basis point from prior year same quarter, while our cost of funds increased 1 basis point from prior quarter but decreased 35 basis points from prior year same quarter. Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 at $160.9 million was $24.4 million, or 17.9%, above prior year. Our ratio of average loans to deposits, including repurchase agreements, was 85.6% for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 compared to 86.6% for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 and 85.8% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

Current wording

Net interest income for the quarter of $58.8 million was $0.7 million, or 1.1%, above prior quarter and $7.5 million, or 14.7%, above prior year same quarter, as our net interest margin, on a fully tax equivalent basis, increased 12 basis points from prior quarter and 22 basis points from prior year same quarter. Our quarterly average earning assets increased $5.4 million, an annualized 0.3%, from prior quarter and $479.2 million, or 8.2%, from prior year same quarter. Our yield on average earning assets increased 1 basis point from prior quarter but decreased 6 basis points from prior year same quarter, while our cost of funds decreased 17 basis points from prior quarter and 41 basis points from prior year same quarter. Our ratio of average loans to deposits, including repurchase agreements, was 87.2% for the quarter compared to 84.9% for prior quarter and 85.9% for same quarter prior year.

Previous wording

Noninterest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 of $15.9 million was $0.2 million, or 1.4%, below prior quarter but $0.4 million, or 2.5%, above prior year same quarter. The variance quarter over quarter was primarily the result of decreases in net securities gains ($0.6 million) and loan related fees ($0.4 million), partially offset by increased deposit related fees ($0.8 million). The decrease in securities gains was the result of a change in the valuation of our equity securities. The decrease in loan related fees was the result of the change in valuation of our mortgage servicing rights. Year over year increases in trust and wealth management income ($0.6 million) and deposit related fees ($0.2 million) were partially offset by a decrease in securities gains ($0.7 million). Noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 of $47.0 million was a $0.6 million, or 1.3%, increase from prior year.

Current wording

The variance quarter over quarter was primarily the result of decreases in deposit related fees ($0.4 million) and other noninterest income, including net securities gains ($0.7 million) and net gains on the sale of fixed assets ($0.5 million), partially offset by an increase in bank owned life insurance revenue ($0.5 million). The decrease in net gains on the sale of fixed assets is the result of a $0.5 million gain taken in the fourth quarter 2025 from the sale of one of our branch locations. Year over year increases for the quarter in bank owned life insurance revenue ($0.7 million), trust and wealth management income ($0.5 million), and deposit related fees ($0.3 million) were partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in securities gains. The variances in securities gains resulted primarily from changes in the valuation of our equity securities.

Previous wording

CTBI’s total assets at $6.6 billion increased $247.2 million, 15.3% annualized, during the quarter and $444.9 million, 9.6% annualized, from prior year end. Loans outstanding at $4.8 billion increased $92.1 million, 7.8% annualized, during the quarter and $307.3 million, 9.2% annualized, from prior year end. The increase in loans from prior quarter included a $42.3 million increase in the commercial loan portfolio and a $51.9 million increase in the residential loan portfolio, partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease in the consumer indirect loan portfolio and a $1.2 million decrease in the consumer direct loan portfolio. CTBI’s investment portfolio increased $42.5 million, 16.9% annualized, during the quarter but decreased $17.6 million, 2.2% annualized, from prior year end. Deposits in other banks increased $117.7 million from prior quarter and $139.9 million from prior year end.

Current wording

CTBI’s total assets at $6.7 billion increased $57.0 million, or 3.5% annualized, for the quarter and $464.6 million, or 7.4%, from March 31, 2025. Loans outstanding at $5.0 billion increased $95.9 million, an annualized 7.9%, for the quarter and $354.3 million, or 7.6%, from March 31, 2025. The increase in loans for the quarter included a $46.8 million increase in the commercial loan portfolio, a $43.3 million increase in the residential loan portfolio, and an $11.5 million increase in the consumer indirect loan portfolio, partially offset by a $5.7 million decrease in the consumer direct loan portfolio. CTBI’s investment portfolio at $1.1 billion decreased $33.0 million, an annualized 11.9%, for the quarter as management allocated investment maturities into the loan portfolio but increased $79.1 million, or 7.8%, from March 31, 2025. Deposits in other banks decreased $33.8 million for the quarter and $5.1 million from March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

Deposits, including repurchase agreements, at $5.7 billion increased $212.2 million, 15.4% annualized, during the quarter and $360.0 million, 9.1% annualized, from prior year end. CTBI is not dependent on any one customer or group of customers for their source of deposits. As of September 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 3% each of our $5.4 billion in deposits. Only two customer relationships accounted for more than 1% each.

Current wording

Deposits, including repurchase agreements, at $5.7 billion increased $35.1 million, an annualized 2.5%, for the quarter and $375.1 million, or 7.0%, from March 31, 2025. CTBI is not dependent on any one customer or group of customers for their source of deposits. As of March 31, 2026, two customers accounted for over 3% each (3.7% and 3.2%) of our $5.4 billion in deposits. Only these two customer relationships accounted for more than 1% each of our deposits.

Previous wording

Shareholders’ equity at $831.4 million increased $24.5 million, 12.0% annualized, during the quarter and $73.8 million, 13.0% annualized, from prior year end. Net unrealized losses on securities, net of deferred taxes, were $71.1 million at September 30, 2025, compared to $80.6 million at June 30, 2025 and $98.4 million at December 31, 2024.

Current wording

Shareholders’ equity at $871.2 million increased $15.2 million, an annualized 7.2%, for the quarter and $87.1 million, or 11.1%, from March 31, 2025. Net unrealized losses on securities, net of deferred taxes, were $68.0 million at March 31, 2026, compared to $64.8 million at December 31, 2025 and $86.1 million at March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

As of September 30, 2025, we had approximately $1.5 million in uninsured deposits. CTBI has no brokered deposits.

Current wording

As of March 31, 2026, we had approximately $1.6 million in uninsured deposits. CTBI has no brokered deposits.

Previous wording

Our total nonperforming loans at $24.7 million increased $0.3 million from prior quarter but decreased $2.0 million from prior year end. Accruing loans 90+ days past due at $9.0 million increased $0.6 million from prior quarter but decreased $1.3 million from prior year end. Nonaccrual loans at $15.6 million decreased $0.3 million from prior quarter and $0.7 million from prior year end. Accruing loans 30-89 days past due at $18.5 million decreased $1.6 million from prior quarter but increased $1.7 million from prior year end. Nonaccrual loans to totals loans were 0.3% at September 30, 2025 compared to 0.4% at December 31, 2024. The allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 was 377.9% compared to 335.8% at December 31, 2024. Our loan portfolio risk management processes include weekly delinquent loan review meetings at the market levels and monthly delinquent loan review meetings involving senior corporate management to review all nonaccrual loans and loans 30 days or more past due. Any activity regarding a criticized/classified loan (i.e. problem loan) must be approved by CTB’s Watch List Asset Committee (i.e. Problem Loan Committee). CTB’s Watch List Asset Committee also meets on a quarterly basis and reviews every criticized/classified loan of $100,000 or greater. CTB’s Loan Portfolio Risk Management Committee also meets quarterly focusing on the overall asset quality and risk metrics of the loan portfolio. We also have a Loan Review Department that reviews every market within CTB annually and performs extensive testing of the loan portfolio to assure the accuracy of loan grades and classifications for delinquency, loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, nonaccrual status, and adequate loan loss reserves. The Loan Review Department has annually reviewed on average 97% of the outstanding commercial loan portfolio for the past three years. The average annual review percentage of the consumer and residential loan portfolio for the past three years was 82% based on the loan production during the number of months included in the review scope. The review scope is generally four to six months of production. CTBI generally does not offer high risk loans such as option ARM products, high loan to value ratio mortgages, interest-only loans, loans with initial teaser rates, or loans with negative amortizations, and therefore, CTBI would have no significant exposure to these products. For further information regarding nonperforming loans, see Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein.

Current wording

Our total nonperforming loans at $20.7 million at March 31, 2026 increased $1.6 million for the quarter but decreased $5.8 million from March 31, 2025. Nonaccrual loans at $11.1 million increased $2.6 million from prior quarter but decreased $4.6 million from March 31, 2025. Accruing loans 90+ days past due at $9.6 million decreased $1.0 million from prior quarter and $1.2 million from March 31, 2025. Accruing loans 30-89 days past due at $24.8 million increased $4.6 million from prior quarter and $10.3 million from March 31, 2025. Our loan portfolio risk management processes include weekly delinquent loan review meetings at the market levels and monthly delinquent loan review meetings involving senior corporate management to review all nonaccrual loans and loans 30 days or more past due. Any activity regarding a criticized/classified loan (i.e. problem loan) must be approved by CTB’s Watch List Asset Committee (i.e. Problem Loan Committee). CTB’s Watch List Asset Committee also meets on a quarterly basis and reviews every criticized/classified loan of $100,000 or greater. CTB’s Loan Portfolio Risk Management Committee also meets quarterly focusing on the overall asset quality and risk metrics of the loan portfolio. We also have a Loan Review Department that reviews every market within CTB annually and performs extensive testing of the loan portfolio to assure the accuracy of loan grades and classifications for delinquency, loan modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, nonaccrual status, and adequate loan loss reserves. The Loan Review Department has annually reviewed on average 97% of the outstanding commercial loan portfolio for the past three years. The average annual review percentage of the consumer and residential loan portfolio for the past three years was 82% based on the loan production during the number of months included in the review scope. The review scope is generally four to six months of production. CTBI generally does not offer high risk loans such as option ARM products, high loan to value ratio mortgages, interest-only loans, loans with initial teaser rates, or loans with negative amortizations, and therefore, CTBI would have no significant exposure to these products. For further information regarding nonperforming loans, see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein.

Previous wording

We had net loan charge-offs of $2.7 million, an annualized 0.23% of average loans, compared to $1.4 million, an annualized 0.12% of average loans, for the prior quarter and $1.5 million, an annualized 0.14% of average loans, for the prior year same period. Of the net charge-offs for the quarter, $1.2 million were in commercial loans, $0.1 million were in residential loans, $1.2 million were in consumer indirect loans, and $0.2 million were in consumer direct loans. The primary increase in net charge-offs consisted of a $1 million charge-off on one commercial credit totaling $8 million. Year-to-date net charge-offs were $5.7 million, an annualized 0.16% of average loans, compared to $4.5 million, an annualized 0.14% of average loans, for the same period prior year.

Current wording

We had net loan charge-offs of $1.3 million, an annualized 0.11% of average loans, for the quarter compared to $1.8 million, an annualized 0.14% of average loans, for prior quarter and $1.6 million, an annualized 0.14% of average loans, for the first quarter 2025. Of the net charge-offs for the quarter, $0.5 million were in commercial loans, $0.2 million were in residential loans, $0.5 million were in consumer indirect loans, and $0.1 million were in consumer direct loans.

Previous wording

The objective of CTBI’s Asset/Liability management function is to maintain consistent growth in net interest income within our policy limits. This objective is accomplished through management of our consolidated balance sheet composition, liquidity, and interest rate risk exposures arising from changing economic conditions, interest rates, and customer preferences. The goal of liquidity management is to provide adequate funds to meet changes in loan and lease demand or deposit withdrawals. This is accomplished by maintaining liquid assets in the form of cash and cash equivalents and investment securities, sufficient unused borrowing capacity, and growth in core deposits. As of September 30, 2025, we had approximately $507.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and approximately $94.2 million in unpledged securities valued at estimated fair value designated as available-for-sale and available to meet liquidity needs on a continuing basis compared to $369.5 million and $170.6 million, respectively, at December 31, 2024. Additional asset-driven liquidity is provided by the remainder of the securities portfolio and the repayment of loans. In addition to core deposit funding, we also have a variety of other short-term and long-term funding sources available. We also rely on Federal Home Loan Bank advances for both liquidity and management of our asset/liability position. Federal Home Loan Bank advances were $0.3 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2025, we had a $575.5 million available borrowing position with the Federal Home Loan Bank, compared to $485.0 million at December 31, 2024. We generally rely upon net inflows of cash from financing activities, supplemented by net inflows of cash from operating activities, to provide cash for our investing activities. As is typical of many financial institutions, significant financing activities include deposit gathering, use of short-term borrowing facilities such as repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased, and issuance of long-term debt. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $50 million in lines of credit with various correspondent banks available to meet any future cash needs. Our primary investing activities include purchases of securities and loan originations. We do not rely on any one source of liquidity and manage availability in response to changing consolidated balance sheet needs. Included in our cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2025 were deposits with the Federal Reserve of $424.8 million, compared to $289.4 million at December 31, 2024. Additionally, we project cash flows from our investment portfolio to generate additional liquidity over the next 90 days.

Current wording

The objective of CTBI’s Asset/Liability management function is to maintain consistent growth in net interest income within our policy limits. This objective is accomplished through management of our consolidated balance sheet composition, liquidity, and interest rate risk exposures arising from changing economic conditions, interest rates, and customer preferences. The goal of liquidity management is to provide adequate funds to meet changes in loan and lease demand or deposit withdrawals. This is accomplished by maintaining liquid assets in the form of cash and cash equivalents and investment securities, sufficient unused borrowing capacity, and growth in core deposits. As of March 31, 2026, we had approximately $358.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and approximately $146.8 million in unpledged securities valued at estimated fair value designated as available-for-sale and available to meet liquidity needs on a continuing basis compared to $363.7 million and $174.7 million, respectively, at December 31, 2025. Additional asset-driven liquidity is provided by the remainder of the securities portfolio and the repayment of loans. In addition to core deposit funding, we also have a variety of other short-term and long-term funding sources available. We also rely on Federal Home Loan Bank advances for both liquidity and management of our asset/liability position. Federal Home Loan Bank advances were $0.3 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2026, we had a $559.7 million available borrowing position with the Federal Home Loan Bank, compared to $546.9 million at December 31, 2025. We generally rely upon net inflows of cash from financing activities, supplemented by net inflows of cash from operating activities, to provide cash for our investing activities. As is typical of many financial institutions, significant financing activities include deposit gathering, use of short-term borrowing facilities such as repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased, and issuance of long-term debt. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $50 million in lines of credit with various correspondent banks available to meet any future cash needs. Our primary investing activities include purchases of securities and loan originations. We do not rely on any one source of liquidity and manage availability in response to changing consolidated balance sheet needs. Included in our cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2026 were deposits with the Federal Reserve of $177.9 million, compared to $288.1 million at December 31, 2025. Additionally, we project cash flows from our investment portfolio to generate additional liquidity over the next 90 days.

Previous wording

The investment portfolio consists of investment grade short-term issues suitable for bank investments. The majority of the investment portfolio is in U.S. government and government sponsored agency issuances. At September 30, 2025, available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities comprised 99.6% of the total investment portfolio, and the AFS portfolio was 124.8% of equity capital. Ninety-two percent of the pledge-eligible portfolio was pledged.

Current wording

The investment portfolio consists of investment grade short-term issues suitable for bank investments. The majority of the investment portfolio is in U.S. government and government sponsored agency issuances. At March 31, 2026, available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities comprised 99.7% of the total investment portfolio, and the AFS portfolio was 125% of equity capital. Eighty-eight percent of the pledge-eligible portfolio was pledged.

Previous wording

Insured depository institutions are required to meet certain capital level requirements. On October 29, 2019, federal banking regulators adopted a final rule to simplify the regulatory capital requirements for eligible community banks and holding companies that opt-in to the community bank leverage ratio framework (the “CBLR framework”), as required by Section 201 of the Economic Growth, Relief and Consumer Protection Act of 2018. Under the final rule, which became effective as of January 1, 2020, community banks and holding companies (which includes CTB and CTBI) that satisfy certain qualifying criteria, including having less than $10 billion in average total consolidated assets and a leverage ratio (referred to as the “community bank leverage ratio”) of greater than 9%, were eligible to opt-in to the CBLR framework. The community bank leverage ratio is the ratio of a banking organization’s Tier 1 capital to its average total consolidated assets, both as reported on the banking organization’s applicable regulatory filings. Accordingly, a qualifying community banking organization that has a community bank leverage ratio greater than 9% will be considered to have met: (i) the risk-based and leverage capital requirements of the generally applicable capital rules; (ii) the capital ratio requirements in order to be considered well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action framework; and (iii) any other applicable capital or leverage requirements. Management elected to use the CBLR framework for CTBI and CTB. CTBI’s CBLR ratio as of September 30, 2025 was 13.68%. CTB’s CBLR ratio as of September 30, 2025 was 13.21%.

Current wording

Insured depository institutions are required to meet certain capital level requirements. Management elected to use the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) framework for CTBI and CTB. The CBLR is the ratio of a banking organization’s Tier 1 capital to its average total consolidated assets, both as reported on the banking organization’s applicable regulatory filings. A CBLR greater than 9% is considered to have met: (i) the risk-based and leverage capital requirements of the generally applicable capital rules; (ii) the capital ratio requirements in order to be considered well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action framework; and (iii) any other applicable capital or leverage requirements. CTBI’s CBLR ratio as of March 31, 2026 was 13.91%. CTB’s CBLR ratio as of March 31, 2026 was 13.42%.

Previous wording

Our accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein. We have identified the following critical accounting estimates:

Current wording

Our accounting policies are described in note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. We have identified the following critical accounting estimates:

Previous wording

Expected credit losses are estimated on a collective basis for loans that are not individually evaluated. These include commercial loans that do not meet the criteria for individual evaluation as well as homogeneous loans in the residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments. CTBI uses a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model for all loan segments. The primary reasons that contributed to this decision were: DCF models allow for the effective incorporation of a reasonable and supportable forecast in a directionally consistent and objective manner; the analysis aligns well with other calculations outside of the ACL estimation which will mitigate model risk in other areas; and peer data is available for certain inputs if first party data is not available or meaningful. Expected credit losses are estimated on a collective basis for loans that are not individually evaluated. These include commercial loans that do not meet the criteria for individual evaluation as well as homogeneous loans in the residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments. See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein for information on CTBI’s risk rating system.

Current wording

Expected credit losses are estimated on a collective basis for loans that are not individually evaluated. These include commercial loans that do not meet the criteria for individual evaluation as well as homogeneous loans in the residential mortgage and consumer portfolio segments. CTBI uses a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model for all loan segments. The primary reasons that contributed to this decision were: DCF models allow for the effective incorporation of a reasonable and supportable forecast in a directionally consistent and objective manner; the analysis aligns well with other calculations outside of the ACL estimation which will mitigate model risk in other areas; and peer data is available for certain inputs if first party data is not available or meaningful. See Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein for information on CTBI’s risk rating system.

Previous wording

Other qualitative factors are used by CTBI in determining the ACL. These considerations inherently require significant management judgment to determine the appropriate factors to be considered and the extent of their impact on the ACL estimate. Qualitative factors are used to capture characteristics in the portfolio that impact expected credit losses but that are not fully captured within CTBI’s expected credit loss models. These include adjustments for changes in policies or procedures in underwriting, monitoring or collections, lending and risk management personnel, and results of internal audit and quality control reviews. These may also include adjustments, when deemed necessary, for specific idiosyncratic risks such as geopolitical events, natural disasters and their effects on regional borrowers, and changes in product structures. Qualitative factors may also be used to address the impacts of unforeseen events on key inputs and assumptions within CTBI’s expected credit loss models, such as the reasonable and supportable forecast period, changes to historical loss information, or changes to the reversion period or methodology. When evaluating the adequacy of allowances, consideration is also given to regional geographic concentrations and the closely associated effect that changing economic conditions may have on CTBI’s customers.

Current wording

Other qualitative factors are used by CTBI in determining the ACL. These considerations inherently require significant management judgment to determine the appropriate factors to be considered and the extent of their impact on the ACL estimate. Qualitative factors are used to capture characteristics in the portfolio that impact expected credit losses but that are not fully captured within CTBI’s expected credit loss models. These include adjustments for changes in policies or procedures in underwriting, monitoring or collections, lending and risk management personnel, and results of internal audit and quality control reviews. These may also include adjustments, when deemed necessary, for specific idiosyncratic risks such as geopolitical events, natural disasters and their effects on regional borrowers, and changes in product structures. Qualitative factors may also be used to address the impacts of unforeseen events on key inputs and assumptions within CTBI’s expected credit loss models, such as the reasonable and supportable forecast period, changes to historical loss information, or changes to the reversion period or methodology.