COMMUNITY TRUST BANCORP INC /KY/

The accompanying information has not been audited by our independent registered public accountants; however, in the opinion of management such information reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period. All such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the requirements of Form 10-Q and consequently do not include all of the disclosures normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America or those normally made in the Registrant’s annual report on Form 10-K. Accordingly, the reader of the Form 10-Q should refer to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for further information in this regard.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Quarterly

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Year-to-Date

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements(unaudited)

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (which consist of normal recurring adjustments) necessary, to present a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, these statements do not include certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. The results of operations, other comprehensive income (loss), the changes in shareholders’ equity, and the cash flows for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of CTBI for that period. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in our annual report on Form 10-K.

Principles of Consolidation – The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CTBI and its separate and distinct, wholly owned subsidiaries Community Trust Bank, Inc. (“CTB”) and Community Trust and Investment Company. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

New Accounting Standards –

➢ FASB Issues Standard that Enhances Income Tax Disclosures –In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires, among other things, greater disaggregation of information in the income tax rate reconciliation and for paid income taxes to be disaggregated by jurisdiction. This ASU became effective on January 1, 2025. This ASU affects annual financial statement disclosure only (which is not required until year end 2025) and, as a result, does not affect our results of operations or financial condition.

➢ FASB Issues Improvement to Income Statement Expense Disclosures – In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses to improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and address investor requests for more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) in commonly presented expense captions. ASU No. 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this update, or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is not expected to have a material impact on CTBI’s financial statements.

➢ The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”)– The OBBBA, signed into law on July 4, 2025, introduces a series of legislative changes with notable impacts on financial institutions. Here’s an overview of some key impacts:

1. Regulatory changes and compliance obligations

2. Changes affecting financial products and services

3. Tax and investment incentives

CTBI is still assessing the OBBBA’s provisions and their potential implications for our operations, clients, and risk management strategies.

Significant Accounting Policies –

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the appropriate application of certain accounting policies, many of which require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events and their impact on amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and related notes. Since future events and their impact cannot be determined with certainty, the actual results will inevitably differ from our estimates. Such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.

We believe the application of accounting policies and the estimates required therein are reasonable. These accounting policies and estimates are constantly reevaluated, and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change. Historically, we have found our application of accounting policies to be appropriate, and actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.

We have identified the following significant accounting policies:

Investments– Management determines the classification of securities at purchase. We classify debt securities into held-to-maturity (“HTM”) or available-for-sale (“AFS”) categories. HTM securities are those which we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and are reported at amortized cost. We do not currently have any securities that are classified as HTM.

AFS securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in shareholders’ equity as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Gains or losses on disposition of debt securities are computed by specific identification for those securities, and is recognized in income as of the trade date. Interest and dividend income, adjusted by amortization of purchase premium or discount, is included in earnings. Callable debt securities held at a premium are amortized to the earliest call date, shortening the amortization period. Debt securities held at a discount continue to be amortized to maturity. The premiums and discounts for securities use the effective interest method. Accrued interest on investment securities is based on stated rates and is presented as a component of accrued interest receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.

For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we evaluate the securities to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or non-credit related factors. Any impairment that is not credit-related is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) for AFS debt securities on the consolidated balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Both the ACL for AFS debt securities and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if we intend to sell an impaired AFS debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount would be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL for AFS debt securities in this situation.

In evaluating AFS debt securities in unrealized loss positions for impairment and the criteria regarding its intent or requirement to sell such securities, we consider the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuers’ financial condition, among other factors. There were no credit related factors underlying unrealized losses on AFS debt securities; therefore, no ACL for AFS securities has been recorded.

Losses are charged against the ACL for AFS debt securities when management believes the uncollectability of an AFS debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are carried at cost, less any impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes for identical or similar investments. CTBI has made an irrevocable election to subsequently measure an equity security without a readily determinable fair value, and all identical or similar investments of the same issuer, including future purchases of identical or similar investments of the same issuer, at fair value. CTBI has made this election for our Visa Class B equity securities. The fair value of these securities was determined using Level 3 inputs as defined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement, and changes in fair value are recognized in income.

Loans– Loans with the ability and the intent to be held until maturity or for the foreseeable future are reported at the carrying value of unpaid principal reduced by unearned interest, an ACL, and unamortized deferred fees or costs and premiums. Income is recorded on the level yield basis. Interest accrual is discontinued when a loan is greater than 90 days past due or when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions, collateral value, and collection efforts, that the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful. Any loan greater than 90 days past due must be well secured and in the process of collection to continue accruing interest. Cash payments received on nonaccrual loans generally are applied against principal, and interest income is only recorded once principal recovery is reasonably assured. Loans are not reclassified as accruing until principal and interest payments remain current for a period of time, generallysix months, and future payments appear reasonably certain. Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and the net amount amortized over the estimated life of the related loans or commitments to interest income using the effective interest method.

Allowance for Credit Losses– CTBI measures expected credit losses of financial assets on a collective (pool) basis using the discounted cash flow method when the financial assets share similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Regardless of an initial measurement method, once it is determined that foreclosure is probable, the ACL is measured based on the fair value of the collateral as of the measurement date. As a practical expedient, the fair value of the collateral may be used for a loan when determining the ACL for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The fair value shall be adjusted for selling costs when foreclosure is probable. For collateral-dependent financial assets, the credit loss expected may be zero if the fair value less costs to sell exceed the amortized cost of the loan. Loans shall not be included in both collective assessments and individual assessments.

Using the ACL software, forecasts include gross domestic product, light weight vehicle sales index, and housing price index considerations. CTBI leverages economic projections from the Federal Open Market Committee to obtain various forecasts for unemployment rate, gross domestic product, light weight vehicle sales index, and the PNC forecast for the Case-Shiller National Home Price Index. CTBI has elected to forecast the first four quarters of the credit loss estimate and revert to a long-run average of each considered economic factor, as permitted in ASC 326-20-30-9, over four quarters.

All periods during the reasonable and supportable forecast period are utilizing a forecasted probability of default. Loss driver analysis was performed during which regression models were built relating default rates of the various segments to the economic factors noted above. Historical loss data for both CTBI and segment-specific selected peers was incorporated from Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council call report data. For loss given default, the Frye-Jacobs LGD estimation technique was utilized in the ACL software providing a risk curve that most approximates the asset class under consideration. Management elected to evaluate internal prepayment experience over a trailing timeframe to determine the appropriate prepayment and curtailment rates to be used in the credit loss estimate.

CTBI uses management judgement for qualitative loss factors such as delinquency trends, supervision and administration, quality control exceptions, collateral values, and industry concentrations. The ACL software allows management to approve a “worst case” scenario or a maximum loss rate for each segment. Qualitative dollars available for allocation then become the difference between the worst case and the ACL quantitative reserve estimate. Each factor is then given a risk weighting that is applied to determine a basis point allocation. The qualitative loss factors are as follows:

While we recognize that import tariffs have created increased volatility and uncertainty in the financial markets, there has been no direct impact on our loan portfolio to date and no bank customers have requested financial relief directly because of import tariffs. We will continue to monitor our loan portfolio and work with any customers who become financially impacted by tariffs. We do not anticipate any immediate or significant negative impact to our asset quality in the near term.

We maintain an ACL at a level that is appropriate to cover estimated credit losses on individually evaluated loans, as well as estimated credit losses inherent in the remainder of the loan and lease portfolio. Credit losses, when deemed uncollectible, are charged to the ACL and any subsequent recoveries are credited to the ACL.

We utilize an internal risk grading system for commercial credits. Those credits that meet the following criteria are subject to individual evaluation: the loan has an outstanding bank share balance of $1 million or greater and meets one of the following criteria: (i) has a criticized risk rating, (ii) is in nonaccrual status, (iii) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty with significant payment delay, or (iv) is 90 days or more past due. The borrower’s cash flow, adequacy of collateral coverage, and other options available to CTBI, including legal remedies, are evaluated. Historical loss rates are analyzed and applied to other commercial loan segments not subject to individual evaluation. As these loans are individually evaluated, analysis could result in a specific reserve allocation within the ACL.

Homogenous loans, such as consumer installment, residential mortgages, and home equity lines are not individually risk graded. The associated ACL for these loans is measured in pools with similar risk characteristics under ASC 326.

When a secured commercial loan is displaying signs of weakness or deficiency, whether past due or not, a current assessment of the value of the underlying collateral is made. If the balance of the loan exceeds the fair value of the collateral, the loan is placed on nonaccrual and the loan is charged down to the value of the collateral less estimated cost to sell. When the foreclosed collateral has been legally assigned to CTBI, the estimated fair value of the collateral less costs to sell is then transferred to other real estate owned or other repossessed assets, and a charge-off is taken for any remaining balance. When any unsecured commercial loan is considered uncollectible the loan is charged off no later than at 90 days past due.

All closed-end consumer loans (excluding conventional 1-4 family residential loans and installment and revolving loans secured by real estate) are charged off no later than 120 days (five monthly payments) delinquent. If a loan is considered uncollectible, it is charged off earlier than 120 days delinquent. For conventional 1-4 family residential loans and installment and revolving loans secured by real estate, once the loan is 90 days past due, the loan is placed on nonaccrual if payment in full of principal or interest is not expected. Foreclosure proceedings are normally initiated after 120 days. When the foreclosed property has been legally assigned to CTBI, the fair value less estimated costs to sell is transferred to other real estate owned and the remaining balance is taken as a charge-off.

The risk characteristics of CTBI’s material portfolio segments are as follows:

Hotel/motel loans are a significant concentration for CTBI, representing approximately 10.1% of total loans. This industry has unique risk characteristics as it is highly susceptible to changes in the domestic and global economic environments, which can cause the industry to experience substantial volatility. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Hotel/motel lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Management monitors and evaluates all commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. Commercial construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties, and any hotel/motel construction loan would be included in this segment. Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required. Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed. Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements. Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source. If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow. Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested.

Commercial real estate residential loans are commercial purpose construction and permanent financed loans for commercial purpose 1-4 family/multi-family properties. All commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Management monitors and evaluates all commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. Commercial residential construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties. Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required. Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed. Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements. Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source. If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow. Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested.

Commercial real estate nonresidential loans are secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, farmland, and other commercial real estate. Construction for commercial real estate nonresidential loans are also included in this segment as these loans are generally one loan for construction to permanent financing. All commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Management monitors and evaluates all commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. Commercial nonresidential construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties. Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required. Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed. Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements. Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source. If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow. Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested.

Dealer floorplans are segmented separately as they are a unique product with unique risk factors. CTBI maintains strict processing procedures over our floorplan product with any exceptions requested by a loan officer approved by the appropriate loan committee and the floorplan manager.

Commercial other loans are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from our customers. As we underwrite our equipment lease financing in a manner similar to our commercial loan portfolio described below, the risk characteristics for this portfolio mirror that of the commercial loan portfolio.

With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are generally owner occupied, CTBI generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences. Residential construction loans are handled through the home mortgage area of the bank. The repayment ability of the borrower and the maximum loan-to-value ratio are calculated using the normal mortgage lending criteria. Draws are processed based on percentage of completion stages including normal inspection procedures. Such loans generally convert to term loans after the completion of construction.

Consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Our determination of a borrower’s ability to repay these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.

The indirect lending area of the bank is generally responsible for purchasing/funding consumer contracts with new and used automobile dealers. Dealer loan applications are forwarded to the indirect loan processing area for approval or denial. Loan approvals or denials are based on the creditworthiness and repayment ability of the borrowers, and on the collateral value. Upon a dealer being funded on an approved loan application and assignment of the retail installment contract to CTB, CTB will have limited recourse with the dealer, as set forth in the CTB dealer agreement. On occasion, the dealer will execute a separate, full recourse agreement with CTB to obtain customer financing.

CTBI utilizes discounted cash flow loss rate methodologies for all loan segments. Within the discount cash flow calculation, an effective yield of the instrument is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows. The expected cash flows were modeled considering probability of default and segment-specific loss given default (“LGD”) risk factors, utilizing the software’s proprietary database of financial institutions’ filings, evaluated first by geography and asset size and then with the utilization of standard deviations, to assure relevance to CTBI’s loan segments along with CTBI’s own loss history. Cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce an instrument-level net present value (“NPV”) of expected cash flows. An ACL is established for the difference between the instrument’s NPV and amortized cost basis. Any changes in NPV between periods is recorded as provision for credit losses. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on historical internal data and adjusted, if necessary, based on the reasonable and supportable forecast of economic conditions. Management incorporates qualitative factors to loss estimates used to derive CTBI’s total ACL including delinquency trends, current economic conditions and trends, strength of supervision and administration of the loan portfolio, levels of underperforming loans, underwriting exceptions, and industry concentrations. Forecast factors include gross domestic product, light weight vehicle sales, and S&P/Case-Shiller US National Home Price Index. Management continually reevaluates the other subjective factors included in our ACL analysis.

Goodwill – We evaluate total goodwill for impairment using fair value techniques including multiples of price/equity. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or as other events may warrant. The balance of goodwill, at $65.5 million, has not changed since January 1, 2015.

Income Taxes – Income tax expense is based on the taxes due on the consolidated tax return plus deferred taxes based on the expected future tax benefits and consequences of temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates. Any interest and penalties incurred in connection with income taxes are recorded as a component of income tax expense in our consolidated financial statements. During the interim periods presented, CTBI has not recognized a significant amount of interest expense or penalties in connection with income taxes.

Estimated Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures Recognized as Other Liabilities – CTBI estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which it has exposure to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by CTBI. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures recognized in other liabilities is adjusted as an expense in provision for credit losses. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over their estimated lives. Estimating credit losses on unfunded commitments requires CTBI to consider the following categories of off-balance sheet credit exposure: unfunded commitments to extend credit, unfunded lines of credit, and standby letters of credit. Each of these unfunded commitments is then analyzed for a probability of funding to calculate a probable funding amount. The life of loan loss factor by related portfolio segment from the loan ACL calculation is then applied to the probable funding amount to calculate the estimated credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures recognized as other liabilities.

Note 2 – Stock-Based Compensation

Restricted stock expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $399 thousand and $293 thousand, respectively, including $48 thousand and $41 thousand, respectively, in dividends paid for those periods. Restricted stock expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively, including $138 thousand and $121 thousand, respectively, in dividends paid for those periods. As of September 30, 2025, there was a total of $2.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock grants that will be recognized as expense as the awards vest over a weighted average period of 2.8 years.

The following table shows restricted stock activity for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The following table shows restricted stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

The restricted stock was issued pursuant to the terms of CTBI’s 2015 Stock Ownership Incentive Plan. The restrictions on these shares of restricted stock will lapse ratably over four years, subject to such employee’s continued employment, except for 5,000 shares granted in January 2025 pursuant to a management retention restricted stock award which will cliff vest at the end offive years. However, in the event of certain participant employee termination events occurring within 24 months of a change in control of CTBI or the death of the participant, the restrictions will lapse, and in the event of the participant’s disability, the restrictions will lapse on a pro rata basis. The Compensation Committee will have discretion to review and revise restrictions applicable to a participant’s restricted stock in the event of the participant’s retirement. CTBI recognizes forfeitures when they occur.

There wasno stock option activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. The remaining 20,000 stock options outstanding as of the beginning of 2024 were exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2024. There wasno compensation expense related to stock option grants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 andno unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock option awards, as all stock option awards have fully vested.

Note 3 – Securities

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2025 are summarized as follows:

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

The amounts reported in the preceding tables exclude accrued interest on securities of $4.0 million and $4.6 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is presented as a component of accrued interest receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2025 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we had a net securities loss of $449 thousand from the fair value adjustment of equity securities. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we had a net securities gain of $213 thousand, consisting of a pre-tax gain of $1 thousand on sales and calls of AFS securities and an unrealized gain of $212 thousand from the fair value adjustment of equity securities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we had a net securities gain of $181 thousand, consisting of a pre-tax gain of $1 thousand realized on calls of AFS securities and an unrealized gain of $180 thousand from the fair value adjustments of equity securities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we had a net securities gain of $110 thousand, consisting of a pre-tax gain of $2 thousand realized on sales and calls of AFS securities and an unrealized gain of $108 thousand from the fair value adjustment of equity securities.

The amortized cost of securities pledged as collateral, to secure public deposits and for other purposes, was $606.4 million at September 30, 2025 and $630.8 million at December 31, 2024. The fair value of securities pledged was $556.3 million at September 30, 2025 and $563.2 million at December 31, 2024.

The amortized cost of securities sold under agreements to repurchase amounted to $390.0 million at September 30, 2025 and $330.0 million at December 31, 2024. The fair value of securities pledged was $356.9 million at September 30, 2025 and $292.2 million at December 31, 2024.

CTBI evaluates its investment portfolio on a quarterly basis for impairment. The analysis performed as of September 30, 2025 indicates that all impairment is market and interest rate driven and not credit-related. The percentage of total debt securities with unrealized losses as of September 30, 2025 was 88.8% compared to 95.5% as of December 31, 2024. The following table provides the amortized cost, gross unrealized losses, and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2025 that are not deemed to have credit losses.

The analysis performed as of December 31, 2024 indicated that all impairment was market and interest rate driven and not credit-related. The following table provides the amortized cost, gross unrealized losses, and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2024 that are not deemed to have credit losses.

U.S. Treasury and Government Agencies

The unrealized losses in U.S. Treasury and government agencies were caused by interest rate changes. CTBI expects to recover the amortized cost basis over the term of the securities. These securities are guaranteed by the U.S. government and are generally considered to be risk-free, which is why CTBI does not record an allowance for credit loss on these investments. Furthermore, CTBI does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost.

State and Political Subdivisions

The unrealized losses in securities of state and political subdivisions were caused by interest rate changes. These securities benefit from stable dedicated tax revenues, a legal framework that prioritizes bondholder payments, and third-party bond insurance, which significantly mitigate credit risk. Due to these robust credit protection measures, CTBI does not record an allowance for credit loss on its state and political subdivisions securities. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than par which will equal amortized cost at maturity. Furthermore, CTBI does not intend to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost.

Agency Mortgage-backed Securities

The unrealized losses in agency mortgage-backed securities were caused by interest rate changes. CTBI expects to recover the amortized cost basis over the term of the securities. These securities are either guaranteed by the U.S. government or by the government sponsored enterprise and are generally considered to be risk-free, which is why CTBI does not record an allowance for credit loss on these investments. Furthermore, CTBI does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost.

Asset-Backed Securities

The unrealized losses in asset-backed securities were caused by interest rate changes. These securities benefit from structural credit enhancements, which significantly mitigate credit risk. Due to these robust credit protection measures, CTBI does not record an allowance for credit loss on its asset-backed securities. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than par which will equal amortized cost at maturity. CTBI does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost.

Equity Securities at Fair Value

Equity securities at fair value as of September 30, 2025 were $4.0 million, as a result of a $449 thousand decrease in the fair value in the third quarter of 2025 and a$180 thousand increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The fair value of equity securities increased $212 thousand in the third quarter of 2024 and$108 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. No equity securities were sold during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.

Note 4 – Loans

Major classifications of loans, net of unearned income, deferred loan origination costs and fees, and net premiums on acquired loans, are summarized as follows:

CTBI has segregated and evaluates our loan portfolio through nine portfolio segments with similar risk characteristics. CTBI serves customers in small and mid-sized communities in eastern, northeastern, central, and south central Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee. Therefore, CTBI’s exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in these communities.

Hotel/motel loans are a significant concentration for CTBI, representing approximately 10.1% of total loans. This industry has unique risk characteristics as it is highly susceptible to changes in the domestic and global economic environments, which can cause the industry to experience substantial volatility. Additionally, any hotel/motel construction loans would be included in this segment as CTBI’s construction loans are primarily completed asone loan going from construction to permanent financing. These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt andsecond arily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.

Commercial real estate residential loans are commercial purpose construction and permanent financed loans for commercial purpose 1-4 family/multi-family properties. These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt andsecond arily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.

Commercial real estate nonresidential loans are secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, farmland, and other commercial real estate. These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt andsecond arily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Construction for commercial real estate nonresidential loans are also included in this segment as these loans are generallyone loan for construction to permanent financing.

Dealer floorplans consist of loans to dealerships to finance inventory and are collateralized under a blanket security agreement whereby all vehicle inventory is collateral against the outstanding loan without specific liens on individual units. Advances are made for the dealer cost of individual vehicles in inventory, and the loan is repaid from the proceeds from the sale of the financed vehicle. This risk is mitigated by the use of monthly inventory audits and follow-up is required on any out of compliance items identified. These audits are subject to increasing frequency when fact patterns suggest more scrutiny is required. Additional collateral or other credit enhancements (for example, personal guarantees from dealership owners) are typically obtained to further mitigate credit risk.

Commercial other loans consist of agricultural loans, receivable financing, loans to financial institutions, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and other commercial purpose loans. Commercial loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s ability to service debt from the business’s underlying cash flows. As a general practice, we obtain collateral such as equipment, or other assets, although such loans may be uncollateralized but guaranteed.

Residential real estate loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate first and second lien residential mortgage loans and also include real estate construction loans which are typically for owner-occupied properties. The terms of the real estate construction loans are generally short-term with permanent financing upon completion. As a policy, CTBI holds adjustable rate loans and sells the majority of our fixed rate first lien mortgage loans into the secondary market with those loans classified as held for sale and not included in loan balances. Changes in interest rates or market conditions may impact a borrower’s ability to meet contractual principal and interest payments. Residential real estate loans are secured by real property.

Home equity lines are primarily revolving adjustable rate credit lines secured by real property.

Consumer direct loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate products comprised of unsecured loans, consumer revolving credit lines, deposit secured loans, and all other consumer purpose loans.

Indirect loans are primarily fixed rate consumer loans secured by automobiles, trucks, vans, and recreational vehicles originated at the selling dealership underwritten and purchased by CTBI’s indirect lending department. Both new and used products are financed. Only dealers who have executed dealer agreements with CTBI participate in the indirect lending program.

Loans identified to be sold into the secondary market are classified as held for sale and are not included in the loans balance above. Loans held for sale are recorded at lower of cost or fair value and were $0.5 million at September 30, 2025 and $0.2 million at December 31, 2024. Accrued interest receivable for loan balances was $20.5 million at September 30, 2025 and $18.7 million at December 31, 2024.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Thefollowing tables present the balance in the ACL for loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

Nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days past due and still accruing, segregated by loan segment, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Interest income recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 on nonaccrual loans totaled $26.6 thousand and $189.4 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The following tables present CTBI’s loan portfolio aging analysis, segregated by loan segment, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (includes loans 90 days past due and still accruing as well):

Credit Quality Indicators

CTBI categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. CTBI also considers the fair value of the underlying collateral and the strength and willingness of the guarantor(s). CTBI analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Loans classified as loss, doubtful, substandard, or special mention are reviewed quarterly by CTBI for further deterioration or improvement to determine if appropriately classified and valued if deemed impaired. All other commercial loan reviews are completed every 12 to 18 months. In addition, during the renewal process of any loan, as well as if a loan becomes past due or if other information becomes available, CTBI will evaluate the loan grade. CTBI uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s commercial loan portfolio based on rating category and payment activity, segregated by loan segment and based on last credit decision or year of origination:

The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios based on performing or nonperforming status, segregated by loan segment:

The total of consumer mortgage loans secured by real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedingsare in processwas $1.7 million at September 30, 2025 and $4.0 million at December 31, 2024.

Individually Evaluated Loans

If a loan does not share risk characteristics with other pooled loans in determining the ACL, the loan is evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis. Of the loans that CTBI has individually evaluated, the loans listed below by segment are those that are collateral dependent:

Based on the quarterly evaluation of losses for these credits, the combined amount of expected loss is $1.1 million. This expected loss is tied tofour unrelated loans that demonstrate a shortfall in collateral which is insufficient to repay the principal balance of the loans in the event of a liquidation of the collateral and after estimated selling costs. All other evaluated credits show sufficient collateral to repay the entire loan balances after estimated selling costs. The hotel/motel, commercial real estate residential, and commercial real estate nonresidential segments are all collateralized with real estate. Four loans listed in the commercial other segment at September 30, 2025 are collateralized by inventory, equipment, and accounts receivable. The dealer floorplan is collateralized with automobiles.

Loan Modifications

Certain loans have been modified where the customer is facing financial difficulty and economic concessions were granted to borrowers, consisting of reductions in the interest rates, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, and forbearances. These loans, segregated by loan segment and concession granted, are presented belowfor the three months ended September 30, 2025:

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended September 30, 2025:

These loans, segregated by loan segment and concession granted, are presented below for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

These loans, segregated by class of loans and concessions granted, are presented below for the three months ended September 30, 2024:

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended September 30, 2024:

Those loans, segregated by class of loans and concession granted, are presented below for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

Loans retain their accrual status at the time of their modification. As a result, if a loan is on nonaccrual at the time it is modified, it stays as nonaccrual, and if a loan is on accrual at the time of the modification, it generally stays on accrual. Commercial and consumer loans modified due to a borrower’s financial difficulty are closely monitored for delinquency as an early indicator of possible future default. If a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty subsequently defaults, CTBI evaluates the loan for possible further impairment. The table below represents the payment status of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the past 12 months as of September 30, 2025.

Theallowance for credit losses may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan. During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, there were eleven loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that subsequently defaulted. CTBI considers a loan in default when it is 90 days or more past due or transferred to nonaccrual. Presented below, segregated by segment, are loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which there was a payment default during the periods indicated and such default was within 12 months of the loan modification.

Financial instrument credit losses apply to off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit. A liability for expected credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures is recognized if the entity has a present contractual obligation to extend the credit and the obligation is not unconditionally cancellable by the entity. Changes in this allowance are reflected in provision expense. The total unfunded commitment off-balance sheet credit exposure at September 30, 2025 and 2024 is presented below:

Note 5 – Repurchase Agreements

We utilize securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs of our customers and provide additional funding to our balance sheet. Repurchase agreements are transactions whereby we offer to sell to a counterparty an undivided interest in an eligible security at an agreed upon purchase price, and which obligates CTBI to repurchase the security on an agreed upon date at an agreed upon repurchase price plus interest at an agreed upon rate. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are recorded at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction and are reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

We monitor collateral levels on a continuous basis and maintain records of each transaction specifically describing the applicable security and the counterparty’s fractional interest in that security, and we segregate the security from its general assets in accordance with regulations governing custodial holdings of securities. The primary risk with our repurchase agreements is market risk associated with the securities securing the transactions, as we may be required to provide additional collateral based on fair value changes of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with our safekeeping agents. The carrying value of investment securities available-for-sale pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements totaled $356.9 million and $292.2 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase by class of collateral pledged included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is presented in the following tables:

Repurchase agreements are subject to underlying agreements with master netting or similar arrangements, which provide for the right of setoff in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. Repurchase agreements are reported to these arrangements on a gross basis. The following table presents information regarding repurchase agreements as if it was presented on a net basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Amounts disclosed for collateral received or posted include cash and securities up to and not exceeding the net amount of the repurchase agreement liability presented in the balance sheet. The fair value of the total collateral may exceed the amounts presented. Refer to Note 3 for the total fair value of financial instruments pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements.

Note 6 – Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies whenever other standards require (or permit) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value but does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. Fair value measurements must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. In this standard, the FASB clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the exit price when pricing the asset or liability. In support of this principle, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in determining an exit price for the assets or liabilities.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the above valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. CTBI’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and CTBI considers factors specific to the assets or liabilities. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for CTBI’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Recurring Measurements

The following tables present the fair value measurements of assets recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and indicate the level within the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques.

Following is adescription of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. These valuation methodologies were applied to all of CTBI’s financial assets carried at fair value. CTBI hadno liabilities measured and recorded at fair value as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during the quarter ended September 30, 2025. For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.

Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements

The following is a discussion of the uncertainty of fair value measurements, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement, and how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.

Securities classified as AFS are reported at fair value on a recurring basis. U.S. Treasury and government agencies are classified as Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy where quoted market prices are available in the active market on which the individual securities are traded.

If quoted market prices are not available, CTBI obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service, such as Interactive Data, which utilizes pricing models to determine fair value measurement. CTBI reviews the pricing quarterly to verify the reasonableness of the pricing. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other factors. U.S. Treasury and government agencies, state and political subdivisions, agency mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities are classified as Level 2 inputs.

In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. Fair value determinations for Level 3 measurements are estimated on a quarterly basis where assumptions used are reviewed to ensure the estimated fair value complies with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the only securities owned by CTBI that were valued using Level 3 criteria are Visa Class B Stock (included in equity securities at fair value). Fair value for Visa Class B Stock is determined by utilizing assumptions about factors such as quarterly common stock dividend payments, the conversion of the securities to the relevant Class A Stock shares subject to the prevailing conversion rate and conversion date. We have concluded the assumptions, processes, and conclusions to be reasonable and appropriate in determining the fair value of this asset. See the tables below for inputs and valuation techniques used for Level 3 equity securities.

Fair value for equity securities is derived based on unobservable inputs, such as the discount rate, quarterly dividends payable to the Visa Class B common stock, and the prevailing conversion rate at the conversion date. The most recent conversion rate of 1.5549 and the most recent dividend rate of 0.9174 were used to derive the fair value estimate. Significant increases (decreases) in either of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for discount rate is accompanied by a directionally opposite change in the fair value estimate. The weighted averages presented in the tables below are determined by taking the median of the estimates in conversion dates and discount rate.

Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. CTBI reports MSRs at fair value on a recurring basis with subsequent remeasurement of MSRs based on change in fair value.

In determining fair value, CTBI utilizes assumptions about factors such as mortgage interest rates, discount rates, mortgage loan prepayment speeds, market trends, and industry demand. Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, MSRs are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. We have determined these assumptions, processes, and conclusions to be reasonable and appropriate in determining the fair value of this asset. See the table below for inputs and valuation techniques used for Level 3 MSRs.

Fair value for MSRs is derived based on unobservable inputs, such as prepayment speeds of the underlying loans generated using the Andrew Davidson Prepayment Model, FHLMC/FNMA guidelines, the weighted average life of the loan, the discount rate, the weighted average coupon, and the weighted average default rate. Significant increases (decreases) in either of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for prepayment speeds is accompanied by a directionally opposite change in the assumption for interest rates.

Level 3 Reconciliation

Following is areconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of recurring fair value measurements, for the periods indicated, using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs:

Realized and unrealized gains and losses for items reflected in the tables above are included in net income in the consolidated statements of income as follows:

Nonrecurring Measurements

Thefollowing tables present the fair value measurements of assets recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and indicate the level within the fair value hierarchy ofthe valuation techniques.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheet, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy. For assets classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the process used to develop the reported fair value is described below.

Collateral Dependent Loans

The estimated fair value of collateral-dependent loans is based on the appraised fair value of the collateral, less estimated cost to sell. Collateral-dependent loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

CTBI considers the appraisal or evaluation as the starting point for determining fair value and then considers other factors and events in the environment that may affect the fair value. Appraisals of the collateral underlying collateral-dependent loans are obtained when the loan is determined to be collateral-dependent and subsequently as deemed necessary by the Chief Credit Officer. Appraisals are reviewed for accuracy and consistency by the Chief Credit Officer. Appraisers are selected from the list of approved appraisers maintained by management. The appraised values are reduced by discounts to consider lack of marketability and estimated cost to sell if repayment or satisfaction of the loan is dependent on the sale of the collateral. These discounts and estimates are developed by the Chief Credit Officer by comparison to historical results.

Loans considered collateral-dependent are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. There were two fair value adjustments to collateral-dependent loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 totaling $1.8 million, while there wereno fair value adjustments to collateral-dependent loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Fair value adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $0.1 million.

Other Real Estate Owned

Estimated fair value of other real estate owned (“OREO”) is based on appraisals or evaluations. OREO is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Long-lived assets are subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustments to reflect subsequent partial write-downs that are based on the observable market price or current appraised value of the collateral. Fair value adjustments to OREO disclosed above for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $65 thousand and $6 thousand, respectfully, while fair value adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $63 thousand.

Our policy for determining the frequency of periodic reviews is based upon consideration of the specific properties and the known or perceived market fluctuations in a particular market and is typically between 12 and 18 months but generally not more than 24 months. Appraisers are selected from the list of approved appraisers maintained by management.

Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs

Unobservable inputs for mortgage servicing rights were weighted by loan amount. Unobservable inputs for equity securities were weighted by security value. Unobservable inputs for OREO were weighted by estimated cost to sell. The following tables present quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents estimated fair value of CTBI’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2025 and indicates the level within the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques. In accordance with the adoption of ASU 2016-01, the fair values as of September 30, 2025 were measured using an exit price notion.

The following table presents estimated fair value of CTBI’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and indicates the level within the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques.

Note 7 – Segment Reporting

CTBI is a financial holding company, whose principal activity is the ownership and management of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including CTB and Community Trust and Investment Company. As a community-oriented financial institution, the majority of CTBI’s operations consist of commercial and personal banking services. Management analyzes the operation of CTBI assumingone operating segment, community banking services. CTBI, through our operating subsidiaries, offers a wide range of consumer and commercial community banking services. Our chief operating decision maker is comprised of the executive officers of CTBI (the “Executive Committee”). The Executive Committee uses net income to allocate resources in the annual budget and forecasting process. The Executive Committee considers budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis for profit measures when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the operating segment. The Executive Committee uses net interest income and noninterest income to allocate resources (including employees, financial, or capital resources) to that segment in the annual budget and forecasting process and uses that measure as a basis for evaluating product offerings and pricing. The following tables present information about reported segment revenue, measures of a segment’s profit or loss, and significant segment expenses for the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and measure of a segment’s assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. CTBI does not allocate all holding company expenses, income taxes, or unusual items to the reportable segment. Accounting policies for the segment are the same as described in Note 1 above. All operations of CTBI are domestic. The following tables present the reconciliations of reportable segment revenues and measures of profit or loss and line item reconciliation to CTBI’s consolidated financial statement totals for the periods indicated.

The following tables present other segment disclosures for the periods indicated:

Below is a reconciliation of our reportable segment assets to CTBI’s consolidated total assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Note 8 – Revenue Recognition

CTBI’s primary source of revenue is interest income generated from loans and investment securities. Interest income is recognized according to the terms of the financial instrument agreement over the life of the loan or investment security unless it is determined that the counterparty is unable to continue making interest payments. Interest income also includes prepaid interest fees from commercial customers, which approximates the interest foregone on the balance of the loan prepaid.

CTBI’s additional source of income, also referred to as noninterest income, includes service charges on deposit accounts, gains on sales of loans, trust and wealth management income, loan related fees, brokerage revenue, and other miscellaneous income and is largely based on contracts with customers. In these cases, CTBI recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. CTBI considers a customer to be any party to which we will provide goods or services that are an output of CTBI’s ordinary activities in exchange for consideration. There is little seasonality with regards to revenue from contracts with customers and all inter-company revenue is eliminated when CTBI’s financial statements are consolidated.

Generally, CTBI enters into contracts with customers that are short-term in nature where the performance obligations are fulfilled and payment is processed at the same time. Such examples include revenue related to merchant fees, interchange fees, and investment services income. In addition, revenue generated from existing customer relationships such as deposit accounts are also considered short-term in nature, because the relationship may be terminated at any time and payment is processed at the time performance obligations are fulfilled. As a result, CTBI doesnot have contract assets, contract liabilities, or related receivable accounts for contracts with customers. In cases where collectability is a concern, CTBI does not record revenue.

Generally, the pricing of transactions between CTBI and each customer is either (i) established within a legally enforceable contract between the two parties, as is the case with loan sales, or (ii) disclosed to the customer at a specific point in time, as is the case when a deposit account is opened or before a new loan is underwritten. Fees are usually fixed at a specific amount or as a percentage of a transaction amount. No judgment or estimates by management are required to record revenue related to these transactions and pricing is clearly identified within these contracts.

CTBI primarily operates in Kentucky and contiguous areas. Therefore, all significant operating decisions are based upon analysis of CTBI asone operating segment.

We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by contract-type and timing of revenue recognition, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Noninterest income not generated from customers during CTBI’s ordinary activities primarily relates to MSRs, gains/losses on the sale of investment securities, gains/losses on the sale of OREO, gains/losses on the sale of property, plant and equipment, and income from bank owned life insurance.

Note 9 – Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

There wereno options to purchase common shares that were excluded from the diluted calculations above for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Unvested restricted stock grants were used in the calculation of diluted earnings per share based on the treasury method.

Note 10 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table shows the reconciliation of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and amounts reclassified to earnings during these periods.