ADURO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION

The Aduro mission is to develop and commercialize technologies based on its novel, patent-protected, versatile chemical technology platform that enables the transformation of lower-value feedstocks into higher-value chemicals and fuels. In doing so, the Company believes it addresses important and pressing issues faced by the global community. Originally conceived to radically enhance aspects of petroleum processing, the patent protected technology is based on leveraging unique properties of water to achieve two important outcomes. First is the transformation of intractable post-consumer plastics and tire rubber, as well as renewable oils and bitumen, into manageable liquid intermediates. Then follows their stabilization by the in-situ generation of a latent form of hydrogen derived from certain low cost, non-petroleum sources such as biomass ("H-source"). This second step performs the function of decades-old processes that rely on fossil-fuel-derived molecular hydrogen applied at elevated temperatures and pressure in the presence of expensive catalysts. By contrast, HCT activates the H-source under significantly milder conditions without the requirement for such catalysts.

To the Company's knowledge, Aduro HCT demonstrates superior performance compared to current approaches for upgrading petroleum feedstocks or for chemical recycling of waste plastics, due in part to its operation at relatively lower temperatures. Based on the Company's research, such HCT-based processing may contribute to improved product quality, energy efficiency, and a reduced environmental footprint, when compared to traditional chemical recycling approaches such as pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefication ("HTL"), or gasification. The technology's configurability supports both standalone distributed deployment in remote locations and integration with existing infrastructure - including biodiesel/ethanol plants, waste processing facilities, and petrochemical operations. Current findings further suggest that application of the Company's technology for partial upgrading of crude oil may be cleaner and more sustainable than conventional blending or partial upgrading techniques.

The Aduro chemical recycling technology platform, rather than being single purpose may be refined and implemented in ways that potentially may lead to a reduced operational and environmental footprint across a range of applications. Equally important, the Company believes that it also reduces the environmental impact associated with certain petroleum production and processing, landfilling, waste incineration and gasification processes.

The core Hydrochemolytic technology developed by the Company's team of experienced scientists and engineers demonstrates high versatility. Through their ingenuity and knowledge, they have enhanced and tuned it to address problems in three important techno-commercial sectors.

1. Hydrochemolytic Plastics Upcycling

The Aduro patented Hydrochemolytic Technology offers the potential for converting plastics representing over 70% of those in municipal solid waste streams (US EPA data) that would otherwise end up in landfills or be incinerated, yet it does so with significantly higher yields and efficiency versus traditional techniques while directly obtaining a product of higher quality. The application of HCT to waste polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) offers the possibility to generate high-quality feed for naphtha crackers that produce starting materials for platform chemicals and more plastics like PE and PP. Polystyrene (PS), which is problematic for some chemical recycling technologies, also can be converted to valuable chemicals that include the starting material used to make PS. All of this reduces the demand for plastics produced from petroleum as well as carbon emissions from incineration of plastics. A significant portion of plastic waste, such as mixed plastic waste and contaminated packaging films, cannot be recycled mechanically; it therefore is either incinerated or discarded in the environment. The Aduro regenerative chemical recycling technology picks up where mechanical recycling leaves off: it can convert difficult-to-recycle waste plastics into useful platform chemicals, feedstocks for the production of more plastics in a circular regime, and transportation fuels.

2. Hydrochemolytic Upgrading of Logistically Challenged Crude

Aduro HCT also offers the potential to materially improve the quality and value of bitumen, reducing viscosity and density to significantly lower diluent requirements and improve producer netbacks. Operating at comparatively low temperatures, HCT delivers these benefits with reduced energy demand and lower associated emissions. Rather than relying on high-temperature cracking or hydrothermal processing, HCT uses selective chemical reactions to deconstruct heavy asphaltenes into lighter, stable molecules, producing a cleaner, more refinery-compatible stream. Upgraded bitumen shows reductions in sulfur, metals, and acid number, and the metals recovered-including nickel and vanadium-may offer additional value as high-purity commodities for emerging applications such as grid-scale energy storage.

Aduro scientists have further extended the application of HCT to highly-paraffinic crude oils (HPC), applying the same chemistry that improves flow, stability, and distillate yield in wax-rich streams. These crudes, despite their attractive product slate, are burdened by extreme pour points that force reliance on heated, insulated transport and restrict access to only a handful of regional refineries, as seen with Uinta Basin production. By improving both the physical and chemical properties of HPC, HCT has the potential to materially reduce these logistical constraints, broaden refinery compatibility, and elevate the overall value of the barrel-benefiting producers seeking wider markets and refiners seeking flexible, high-quality light feeds.

3. Hydrochemolytic Renewables Upgrading

Unlocking the hydrocarbon content of seeds or fruit of plants offers the possibility to reduce the demand for "below surface" crude oil (petroleum). But that is not easy because of the way nature binds up oxygen in renewable oils, in oil seeds such as canola and jatropha, and in soy and castor beans. Removing that oxygen is necessary to maximize the usefulness of renewable oils as feedstocks for chemicals and fuels. The challenge is to do quickly what happened in the geological time frames that eliminated oxygen from petroleum. Chemical reactions that selectively eliminate oxygen from renewable oils produce high purity hydrocarbons that can serve as feedstocks for fuels and chemicals normally produced from petroleum. The process can be configured for stand-alone operations or integrated with existing biofuel operations to increase their efficiency.