ADURO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

ECOCE:

On December 3, 2025, the Company announced that it has entered into a multi-year framework collaboration agreement with ECOCE, A.C. ("ECOCE"), to jointly evaluate HCT as a potential chemical recycling solution for flexible and mixed plastic packaging in Mexico, a large and particularly challenging waste stream that ECOCE has identified as a priority. ECOCE is a non-profit environmental civil association created and sponsored by the food and beverage industry. It administers Mexico's national private collective packaging management plan for post-consumer PET, HDPE, aluminum, and other materials on behalf of its member companies. Through nationwide collection, education, and take-back initiatives, ECOCE coordinates the recovery of post-consumer packaging and channels it into recycling systems across Mexico, a country of approximately 132 million people. Under this collaboration, ECOCE and Aduro are focused on evaluating the application of HCT on real post-consumer flexible plastic packaging, including multi-layer and mixed structures, sourced through ECOCE's post-consumer packaging collection and management systems. The collaboration contemplates that ECOCE would identify, characterize and supply representative material, while Aduro would conduct a structured, multi-stage program of Hydrochemolytic testing at its development facilities, from laboratory through pilot scale, to help assess processability, yields, product quality, and potential applications for the resulting liquid products. On July 16, 2026, the Company announced that following completion of Phase 1 feedstock mapping and stream selection, its collaboration with ECOCE has advanced to a testing campaign that will evaluate their conversion into liquid hydrocarbon products for downstream circular plastics applications. Phase 1 drew on ECOCE's ongoing national feedstock mapping program, conducted for its member companies, from which the parties completed the selection of candidate material streams for the next stage of work.

AstroTurf Corporation:

On June 30, 2026, the Company announced the signing of a MOU with AstroTurf Corporation ("AstroTurf"), the original inventor and innovator of synthetic sports surfacing to evaluate the application of Aduro's HCT to end-of-life synthetic turf. The MOU establishes a framework for Aduro and AstroTurf to evaluate how HCT, together with appropriate mechanical pre-treatment, can support a technical and economic pathway for recovering the polyethylene ("PE") and polypropylene ("PP") fractions of end-of-life synthetic turf and converting them into liquid hydrocarbon products suitable for use as circular feedstock in existing petrochemical infrastructure.

As of the date of this MD&A, other stakeholder engagements, including research, feedstock supply and logistics, offtake agreements and engineering were as follows:

Brightlands and Chemelot Innovation and Learning Labs:

On November 2, 2021, the Company announced that it has entered into discussions with Brightlands Chemelot Campus ("Brightlands"), an international shared innovation community located in Limburg, the Netherlands, to partner and develop the Hydrochemolytic technology for the chemical recycling of waste plastic.

The collaboration's likely objective will be to initiate a project to complete an installation that applies the HCT to demonstrate, on a tons-per-day scale, the conversion of a mixture of waste plastics to useful feedstock for chemical processes. Interest in this project by Brightlands is a result of its comprehensive review of Aduro HCT, which identified the possibility that HCT provides distinct advantages over traditional pyrolysis for transforming mixtures of waste plastics into valuable, high-purity products, such as value-added chemicals or feedstock for the production of virgin polymers.

Aduro and Brightlands continue to engage in discussions and Aduro provides regular updates on its operational progress. Both organizations continue to evaluate the optimal strategy and timeline for the potential partnership and related project based on Aduro strategic goals. The commissioning of Aduro Next Generation Process pilot plant for end-of-life plastic in the Company's facilities in London, Ontario, in 2025 will enable the Company to host additional projects with Brightlands and its members.

On March 2, 2023, the Company announced that it entered a partnership with Chemelot Innovation and Learning Labs (CHILL) for an experimentation program at the Brightlands Chemelot Campus in Geleen, the Netherlands, the purpose being to support optimization of NGP and to accelerate commercialization. The Company provides financial support to CHILL through a Platinum Partnership and in return receives access to skilled researchers, specialized equipment for testing and analysis of data, and additional services including access to CHILL partner events and public relations campaigns. This project was completed in December 2024 and the data generated by the project was combined with other Aduro research programs to support its strategic goals.

On January 29, 2026, the Company announced that it has selected Chemelot Industrial Park ("CIP") in Sittard-Geleen, Netherlands, located within the Chemelot chemical site, as the location for its planned industrial scale-up facility. The facility will host the FOAK industrial plant deploying HCT for the chemical recycling of waste plastics, building on prior pilot scale validation, and previously referred to in the Company's public disclosures as the Demonstration Plant. Brightlands is located at Chemelot and serves as an open-innovation and scale-up ecosystem for the chemical and materials industries.

Joint Research in Partnership with University of Western Ontario:

On October 27, 2022, the Company announced that its joint research project in partnership with the University of Western Ontario ("Western") has been awarded $1.15 million in non-repayable funds by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council ("NSERC") Alliance and Mitacs Accelerate Grants Program ("Mitacs"). Additionally, over the duration of the project, Aduro will contribute an additional amount of $382,500, for a total project budget of $1.53 million.

The technical objective of this research project is to evaluate the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic contaminants present in plastic feedstocks including food, organic waste, plasticizers, and fillers, under varying conditions to maximize output, quality, and yield. The project also aims to improve pre- and post-processing techniques. This supports the Aduro commercial objective of developing optimal strategies to minimize costs for pre-processing systems that sort and separate waste plastic feedstocks. The project is expected to advance and further augment the implementation of Hydrochemolytic technology for chemical recycling of mixed post-consumer industrial and consumer plastics. All intellectual property generated from the project, which includes know-how, right to protect with patents, and patents themselves, will be owned by Aduro. The project will employ up to 18 professionals all dedicated to Aduro commercialization efforts with Aduro communicating on a bi-weekly basis with the Western University team.

This project continues to advance with ongoing experiments supporting the refinement of feedstock preparation protocols; it remains active and is expected to be completed in calendar year 2026, consistent with its funding timeline.

Zeton:

On November 19, 2024, the Company announced that it has engaged Zeton Inc. ("Zeton") to lead the design and fabrication of its NGP pilot plant. Zeton is a globally recognized leader in the design and fabrication of pilot plants, demonstration plants, and small-scale commercial units. With over 800 projects delivered across 45+ countries, the company brings significant expertise and scale to the industry.

Zeton has worked closely with Aduro to translate laboratory and bench-scale learnings into a modular system capable of supporting customer engagements and internal development at an increased scale. In parallel, Aduro undertook significant facility upgrades at its London, Ontario laboratory, to prepare for installation. These activities ensured that the laboratory infrastructure is aligned with the requirements of the new facility.

The modular process skids fabricated by Zeton completed Factory Acceptance Testing (FAT) prior to shipment and have since been delivered to the London Ontario site in October 2025. After completion and delivery of the modular process skids, Zeton remained actively engaged during integration and commissioning.

NexGen Polymers:

On March 13, 2025, the Company announced its MOU with NexGen Polymers ("NexGen"), a leading supplier and broker of virgin and recycled polymers with over 30 years of experience in polymer supply chain management, infrastructure, and logistics. NexGen specializes in securing, storing, and distributing polymer feedstocks through its extensive logistics network, which includes warehousing, rail, and truck infrastructure. The MOU details the proposed collaboration to develop a demonstration-scale HCT plant including securing feedstock supply, potential site selection, and plant operations to optimize data generation for the future development of configurable commercial solutions.

This engagement will apply NexGen expertise to support key operational requirements for the planned facility to demonstrate Aduro technology. The MOU and respective collaboration with NexGen align with Aduro strategic goals, ensuring its scale-up program is progressing efficiently by securing the long lead items necessary for the deployment of the demonstration plant concurrently with the buildout of its NGP plant. The MOU is comprised of three stage-gated phases. Phases two and three of the MOU are non-binding and outline a framework for the execution of a potential joint venture agreement including collaboration on the commissioning and operations of a demonstration plant. The technology, including any improvements or modifications made during the proposed joint venture, will be the sole and exclusive property of Aduro. Phase one is binding between Aduro and NexGen and outlines activities where the parties will collaborate on critical feasibility factors that lay the groundwork for the demonstration plant, including: feedstock brokerage services, site selection and preparation, site permitting and approvals, preliminary engineering, and business model development.

On August 14, 2025, the Company announced that feedstock preparation for its NGP pilot plant was underway, in collaboration with NexGen, to secure and qualify representative waste-plastic streams, catalyst, and other process inputs for its planned start-up and operations. This follows several months of work with NexGen to evaluate a range of potential waste plastic feedstocks to the NGP pilot plant.

Siemens Canada:

On May 1, 2025, the Company announced a strategic collaboration with Siemens Canada, a leader in industrial automation and digitalization, to supply advanced control systems and engineering services for the Company's NGP pilot plant. Siemens' role is centered on the integration of advanced automation and control systems to ensure reliable operation of the facility and the generation of high-quality process data by providing automation and controls scope for the pilot plant being built by Zeton, to ensure seamless system integration and efficient commissioning.

Siemens Canada installed the NGP plant's automation and control systems in October 2025 and supported calibration and validation to ensure reliable process performance and proper data acquisition. These coordinated efforts provided the framework for a safe and efficient start-up.

Delphi:

On May 21, 2025, the Company announced that it has engaged Delphi, a leading Canadian sustainability consultancy, to conduct a Life Cycle Assessment ("LCA") of the Company's HCT for waste plastic processing. The project will begin with a screening-level LCA focused on greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions and energy use, associated with implementation of HCT. This assessment, based on pre-pilot-scale performance data and forward-looking design parameters, will follow ISO 14040 and 14044 frameworks to provide directional insights into the HCT environmental profile. Subsequent phases of the LCA, will incorporate operational data from the Company's NGP pilot plant, which is currently under construction. A final phase is anticipated to support a comparative LCA, benchmarking the Hydrochemolytic process against other chemical recycling approaches as the NGP pilot plant will be fully commissioned.

Confidential Independent International Commodities Trading Company:

On March 12, 2026, the Company announced that it has signed a non-binding Letter of Intent ("LOI") with a leading independent international commodities trading company active in the sourcing, logistics, and marketing of naphtha and certified circular hydrocarbon streams. The LOI establishes a framework to evaluate and qualify Hydrochemolytic oil produced by the Company for future offtake agreements. The LOI includes a committed offtake arrangement for the initial production parcel tied to the Company's FOAK industrial plant planned for construction at Chemelot Industrial Park in Geleen, Netherlands. It establishes a structured Pilot-to-FOAK validation program intended to determine product value, confirm specification alignment, and evaluate reproducibility of Hydrochemolytic oil while supporting downstream market positioning as part of the circular hydrocarbon markets. Under Phase 1 of the engagement, the Issuer will provide samples of Hydrochemolytic oil produced at its NGP pilot plant. Phase 2 establishes a commercial validation step upon commissioning of the FOAK industrial plant.

Confidential Global Engineering, Procurement, and Construction ("GEPC") Company:

On March 19, 2026, the Company announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Aduro Energy Inc., has signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU") with a leading GEPC company to jointly develop a comprehensive commercial licensing package for HCT for the chemical recycling of mixed and contaminated post-consumer plastic waste that is not suitable for mechanical recycling to support deployment across multiple markets. The MOU establishes a framework and stage-gated activities to support the development of the technology and of a commercial licensing model for HCT. The MOU is non-binding and does not create any obligation on either party to proceed with any particular transaction and any work under the framework will be subject to mutually agreed scopes of work. The development of the Licence Package and any Licence Business will be subject to technical results, financing, completion of definitive agreements, and the approvals of the parties' respective governance bodies.

Ebert HERA:

On April 9, 2026, the Company announced that it awarded the contract to lead the permitting process for its FOAK industrial facility at Chemelot Industrial Park, Netherlands to Ebert HERA. Ebert HERA was selected based on its established reputation and role within the Chemelot ecosystem and its experience coordinating permitting processes across multiple regulatory bodies in the Netherlands.

Under the contract, Ebert HERA will lead the preparation and coordination of civil and environmental permit applications, including safety, health, and environmental assessments, and will manage engagement with the relevant regulatory agencies. This work is expected to define the regulatory pathway for the FOAK facility. The current permitting scope is being developed to also accommodate potential future capacity expansion as part of the Company's long-term plan to develop the FOAK facility into a commercial-scale site.

Ortessa Groep BV:

On June 17, 2026, the Company announced that Aduro Clean Technologies Europe BV ("ACTE"), the Company's European subsidiary, has signed a non-binding MOU with Ortessa Groep BV ("Ortessa"), a Dutch group of enterprising waste companies, to evaluate the development of a feedstock logistics center to support the Aduro FOAK industrial site at Chemelot Industrial Park in Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands. The potential collaboration with Ortessa is intended to support secure, reliable, and efficient storage and delivery of suitable, specification-ready post-use feedstock. ACTE and Ortessa will evaluate a feedstock preparation and logistics pathway, including the potential use of one or more Ortessa sites to host and manage suitable post-use feedstock for the Chemelot project. This work may include the identification and aggregation of suitable post-use feedstock streams, assessment of cleaning, drying, agglomeration or other pre-treatment requirements, and development of the inventory management, quality-control, documentation, material coding, storage, hosting, and logistics systems needed to support reliable feedstock supply for start-up, operation, and future expansion.

Uinta Basin Feedstock Supply and Development Program:

On July 30, 2026, the Company announced progress in its paraffinic crude development program through the securing of yellow and black paraffinic crude feedstocks from multiple Uinta Basin sources; the completion of a dedicated continuous-flow unit; and the expansion of its London facility to support ongoing development activities. As part of a broader consolidation of operations, the Company relocated equipment and operating activities in Ontario from Sarnia to London and expanded its research, engineering, and operations teams. These initiatives are intended to support extended continuous-flow testing, process development and optimization, and the advancement of HCT applications for paraffinic crude upgrading.

Saipem S.p.A:

On August 19, 2026, the Company announced the selection of Saipem S.p.A ("Saipem") for Early Works and Services supporting the development of Aduro's FOAK HCT Facility at Chemelot in the Netherlands. Saipem, a global leader in the engineering and construction of major projects for the energy and infrastructure sectors, both offshore and onshore, is recognized globally for delivering complex industrial and energy infrastructure projects and brings extensive experience in process engineering, modular project execution, downstream facilities, and industrial-scale technology deployment. The initial phase of the collaboration focuses on early engineering and procurement activities, including review of the Process Design Package, optimization of critical equipment packages, preliminary utility integration, and capital cost refinement. These activities are intended to mature the project definition while incorporating operating data generated through Aduro's NGP Pilot Plant. Subject to successful completion of each development stage, the parties' continued evaluation of the project, and the execution of definitive agreements, the collaboration is expected to progress through Front-End Engineering Design ("FEED"), detailed engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning, and start-up.