FLAGSTAR FINANCIAL INC

Previous wording

Net interest income is our primary source of income. Its level is a function of the average balance of our interest-earning assets, the average balance of our interest-bearing liabilities, and the spread between the yield on such assets and the cost of such liabilities. These factors are influenced by both the pricing and mix of our interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by various external factors, including the local economy, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the FOMC, and market interest rates.

Current wording

Net interest income is our primary source of income. The amount of our net interest income is a function of the amount of interest-earning assets we hold, the manner in which we fund these assets, including interest-bearing liabilities, and the spread between the interest rates we earn on assets and the interest rates we pay on liabilities. These factors are influenced by both the pricing and mix of our interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by various external factors, including the local economy, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the Federal Open Market Committee, and market interest rates.

Previous wording

The cost of our deposits and borrowed funds is largely based on short-term rates of interest, the level of which is partially impacted by the actions of the FOMC.

Current wording

Our interest-bearing liabilities are comprised of customer deposits and funds we borrow. The average term of our fixed rate deposits is less than twelve months, therefore the cost of our deposits and most of our borrowed funds is largely based on short-term rates of interest, the level of which is partially impacted by the actions of the Federal Open Market Committee. The yields on our held for-investment loans and investment securities are generally more sensitive to intermediate-term market interest rates. However, a sizable portion of our held for investment loans have fixed rates and generally reset to intermediate-term market rates when they reach repricing dates.

Previous wording

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our average balance sheet for the periods indicated, including the average yields on our interest-earning assets and the average costs of our interest-bearing liabilities. Average yields are calculated by dividing the interest income produced by the average balance of interest-earning assets. Average costs are calculated by dividing the interest expense produced by the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities. The average balances for the periods are derived from average balances that are calculated daily. The average yields and costs include fees, as well as premiums and discounts (including mark-to-market adjustments from acquisitions), that are considered adjustments to such average yields and costs.

Current wording

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our net interest income and average balance sheet for the periods indicated: Average yields are calculated by dividing the interest income produced by the average balance of interest-earning assets. Average costs are calculated by dividing the interest expense produced by the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities. The average balances for the periods are derived from average balances that are calculated daily.

Previous wording

(1)Amounts are net of net deferred loan origination costs/(fees) and includes loans held for sale and non-performing loans.

Current wording

(1)Amounts are net of net deferred loan origination costs/(fees) and includes loans held for sale and non-accrual loans.

Previous wording

The following table presents the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities affected our interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to (i) the changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate); (ii) the changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and (iii) the net change. The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate on each separate line.

Current wording

The following table presents the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities affected our interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to (i) the changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate); (ii) the changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and (iii) the net change.

Previous wording

The results of operations comparison of 2022 compared to 2021 can be found in the Company’s previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2022 under Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”- Results of Operations: 2022 As Compared to 2021.”

Current wording

The results of operations comparison of 2023 compared to 2022 can be found in the Company’s previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year-ended December 31, 2023, under Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

Previous wording

The following table sets forth the maturity or period to repricing of our portfolio of loans held for investment at December 31, 2023. Loans that have adjustable rates are shown as being due in the period during which their interest rates are next subject to change.

Current wording

The following table sets forth option loans by year of repricing and non-option loans by year of contractual maturity for our multi-family and commercial real estate portfolios within loans held for investment at December 31, 2024. Loans that have adjustable rates are shown as being due in the period during which their interest rates are next subject to change. Risks associated with loan repricing are discussed in the Credit Risk section.

Previous wording

The multi-family loan portfolio was $37.3 billion at December 31, 2023, down slightly compared to $38.1 billion at December 31, 2022 due to a combination of higher interest rates and our loan diversification strategy.

Current wording

The multi-family loan portfolio was $34.1 billion at December 31, 2024, down slightly compared to $37.3 billion at December 31, 2023, reflective of our continuing efforts to strategically encourage loan payoffs which has reduced the concentration of this portfolio.

Previous wording

The majority of our multi-family loans were secured by rental apartment buildings.

Current wording

The majority of our multi-family loans are non-recourse and are secured by rental apartment buildings. At December 31, 2024, $19.2 billion or 56 percent of the Company’s total multi-family loan portfolio was secured by properties in New York State, many of which are subject to rent regulation laws to varying degrees. The New York Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019 significantly limits the ability to increase rents on regulated apartments upon vacancy. These limitations may reduce a borrower’s ability to generate additional revenues on those units to offset higher operating expenses due to inflation and the current interest rate environment. This could result in lower net operating income and could impact a borrower’s ability to satisfy repayment obligations during the term of the loan. In addition, the level of income generated by the property may be insufficient to qualify for refinancing at maturity. The impact on current and future cash flows has adversely impacted the value of properties with a high concentration of rent regulated units which has increased charge-offs in 2024.

Previous wording

The following table presents a geographical analysis of the CRE loans in our held-for-investment loan portfolio:

Current wording

The following table presents a geographical analysis of the commercial real estate loans in our held for investment loan portfolio:

Previous wording

Because ADC loans are generally considered to have a higher degree of credit risk, especially during a downturn in the credit cycle, borrowers are required to provide a guarantee of repayment and completion. The risk of loss on an ADC loan is largely dependent upon the accuracy of the initial appraisal of the property’s value upon completion of construction; the developer’s experience; the estimated cost of construction, including interest; and the estimated time to complete and/or sell or lease such property.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, our ADC loans represented $3.2 billion, or 4.6 percent of total loans held for investment, reflecting an increase of $239 million compared to December 31, 2023. Because ADC loans are generally considered to have a higher degree of credit risk, especially during a downturn in the credit cycle, borrowers are required to provide a guarantee of repayment and completion. The risk of loss on an ADC loan is largely dependent upon the accuracy of the initial appraisal of the property’s value upon completion of construction; the developer’s experience; the estimated cost of construction, including interest; and the estimated time to complete and/or sell or lease such property. When applicable, as a condition to closing an ADC loan, it is our practice to require that properties meet pre-sale or pre-lease requirements prior to funding.

Previous wording

The non-warehouse C&I loans we produce are primarily made to small and mid-size businesses and finance companies. Such loans are tailored to meet the specific needs of our borrowers, and include term loans, demand loans, revolving lines of credit, and, to a much lesser extent, loans that are partly guaranteed by the Small Business Administration.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, our commercial and industrial loans represented $15.4 billion, or 19.4 percent of total loans held for investment, reflecting a decrease of $9.9 billion compared to December 31, 2023. The decrease in commercial and industrial loans for the year ended December 31, 2024 was due to the sale of our mortgage warehouse business, which at December 31, 2023, was $5.1 billion in loans, as well as a reduction in focus on certain non-core and indirect client segments. The commercial and industrial loans we produce are primarily made to small, mid-size, and larger corporate operating businesses and finance companies across a diverse set of industries. Such loans are tailored to meet the specific needs of our borrowers, and include term loans, demand loans, and revolving lines of credit.

Previous wording

A broad range of C&I loans, both collateralized and unsecured, are made available to businesses for working capital (including inventory and accounts receivable), business expansion, the purchase of machinery and equipment, and other general corporate needs. In determining the term and structure of C&I loans, several factors are considered, including the purpose, the collateral, and the anticipated sources of repayment. C&I loans are typically secured by business assets and personal guarantees of the borrower, and include financial covenants to monitor the borrower’s financial stability.

Current wording

A broad range of commercial and industrial loans, both collateralized and unsecured, are made available to businesses for working capital (including inventory and accounts receivable), business expansion, the purchase of machinery and equipment, and other general corporate needs. In determining the term and structure of commercial and industrial loans, several factors are considered, including the purpose, the collateral, and the anticipated sources of repayment. Commercial and industrial loans are often secured by business assets and personal guarantees of the borrower and include financial covenants to monitor the borrower’s financial stability. We have begun to add experienced commercial, corporate and specialized industries banking professionals and credit underwriting and portfolio management personnel which will impact our noninterest expense as we continue to strategically diversify our loan portfolio to shift from multi-family loans to other portfolios, most notably commercial and industrial.

Previous wording

We produce our specialty finance loans and leases through a subsidiary that is staffed by a group of industry veterans with expertise in originating and underwriting senior securitized debt and equipment loans and leases. The subsidiary participates in syndicated loans that are brought to them, and equipment loans and leases that are assigned to them, by a select group of nationally recognized sources, and are generally made to large corporate obligors, many of which are publicly traded, carry investment grade or near-investment grade ratings, and participate in stable industries nationwide.

Current wording

These loans are generally made to large corporate obligors, many of which are publicly traded, carry investment grade or near-investment grade ratings, and participate in stable industries nationwide.

Previous wording

The specialty finance loans and leases we fund fall into three categories: asset-based lending, dealer floor-plan lending, and equipment loan and lease financing. Each of these credits is secured with a perfected first security interest in, or outright ownership of, the underlying collateral, and structured as senior debt or as a non-cancelable lease. As of December 31, 2023, 84 percent of specialty finance loan commitments are structured as floating rate obligations which will benefit in a rising rate environment.

Current wording

The specialty finance loans and leases we fund fall into three categories: asset-based loans, dealer floor-plan lending and equipment loan and lease financing. Each of these credits is secured with a perfected first security interest in, or outright ownership of, the underlying collateral, and structured as senior debt or as a non-cancelable lease. As of December 31, 2024,85 percent of specialty finance loan commitments are structured as floating rate obligations.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2023, the Company originated $7.3 billion of specialty finance loans and leases, representing 35 percent of total originations compared to $6.0 billion for the same period in 2022, representing 35 percent of total originations.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2024, the Company originated $3.6 billion of specialty finance loans and leases, representing 42 percent of total originations compared to $7.3 billion for the same period in 2023, representing 35 percent of total originations.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023, one-to-four family loans represented $6.1 billion, including $996 million of LGG, or 7 percent, of total loans held for investment. As of December 31, 2023, the repurchase liability on LGG loans was $456 million. As of December 31, 2022 one-to-four family loans totaled $5.8 billion. These loans include various types of conforming and non-conforming fixed and adjustable rate loans underwritten using Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines for the purpose of purchasing or refinancing owner occupied and second home properties. We typically hold certain mortgage loans in LHFI that do not qualify for sale to the Agencies and that have an acceptable yield and risk profile. The LTV requirements on our residential first mortgage loans vary depending on occupancy, property type, loan amount, and FICO scores. Loans with LTVs exceeding 80 percent are required to obtain mortgage insurance. As of December 31, 2023, non-government guaranteed loans in this portfolio had an average current FICO score of 741 and an average LTV of 53.

Current wording

One-to-four family loans were $5.2 billion and $6.1 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023 respectively. This includes $378 million of loans with government guarantees, or 7.6 percent of total loans held for investment at December 31, 2024, compared to $541 million at December 31, 2023. One-to-four family loans include various types of conforming and non-conforming fixed and adjustable-rate loans underwritten using Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines for the purpose of purchasing or refinancing owner occupied and second home properties. The loan-to-value requirements on our residential first mortgage loans vary depending on occupancy, property type, loan amount, and FICO scores. Loans with loan-to-value ratios exceeding 80 percent are required to obtain mortgage insurance. As of December 31, 2024, excluding loans with government guarantees, loans in this portfolio had an average current FICO score of 743 and an average loan-to-value ratio of 50 percent.

Previous wording

Substantially all LGG are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Nonperforming repurchased loans in this portfolio earn interest at a rate based upon the 10-year U.S. Treasury note rate from the time the underlying loan becomes 60 days delinquent until the loan is conveyed to HUD (if foreclosure timelines are met), which is not paid by the FHA until claimed. The Bank has a unilateral option to repurchase loans sold to GNMA if the loan is due, but unpaid, for three consecutive months (typically referred to as 90 days past due) and can recover losses through a claims process from the guarantor. These loans are recorded in loans held for investment and the liability to repurchase the loans is recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Condition. Certain loans within our portfolio may be subject to indemnifications and insurance limits which expose us to limited credit risk. We have reserved for these risks within other assets and as a component of our ACL on residential first mortgages.

Current wording

Substantially all loans with government guarantees are insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Nonperforming repurchased loans in this portfolio earn interest at a rate based upon the 10-year U.S. Treasury note rate from the time the underlying loan becomes 60 days delinquent until the loan is conveyed to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (if foreclosure timelines are met), which is not paid by the Federal Housing Administration until claimed.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023, other loans totaled $2.7 billion and consisted primarily of home equity lines of credit, boat and recreational vehicle indirect lending, point of sale consumer loans and other consumer loans, including overdraft loans.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, other loans totaled $1.8 billion and consisted primarily of home equity lines of credit and other consumer loans, including overdraft loans.

Previous wording

Our home equity portfolio includes HELOANs, second mortgage loans, and HELOCs. These loans are underwritten and priced in an effort to ensure credit quality and loan profitability. Our debt-to-income ratio on HELOANs and HELOCs is capped at 43 percent and 45 percent, respectively. We currently limit the maximum CLTV to 89.99 percent and FICO scores to a minimum of 700. Second mortgage loans and HELOANs are fixed rate loans and are available with terms up to 20 years. HELOC loans are primarily variable-rate loans that contain a 10-year interest only draw period followed by a 20-year amortizing period. As of December 31, 2023, loans in this portfolio had an average current FICO score of 751.

Current wording

Our home equity portfolio includes home equity loans, second mortgage loans, and home equity line of credits. As of December 31, 2024, loans in this portfolio had an average current FICO score of 751.

Previous wording

Loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2023 totaled $1.2 billion, up from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2022. The Signature Transaction contributed $360 million of Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans to this increase. We classify loans as held for sale when we originate or purchase loans that we intend to sell. We have elected the fair value option for nearly all of this portfolio, except the SBA loans. We estimate the fair value of mortgage loans based on quoted market prices for securities backed by similar types of loans, where available, or by discounting estimated cash flows using observable inputs inclusive of interest rates, prepayment speeds and loss assumptions for similar collateral.

Current wording

Loans held for sale at December 31, 2024 totaled $899 million, a decrease of $283 million compared to $1.2 billion at December 31, 2023. We classify loans as held for sale when we originate or purchase loans that we intend to sell and when we change our intent with regard to loans originated as held for investment. Our one-to-four family mortgage loans held for sale are carried at fair value. Other loans held for sale are carried at the lower of amortized cost or market. These loans are typically recorded based on recent appraisals less estimated disposal costs. We estimate the fair value of mortgage loans based on quoted market prices for securities backed by similar types of loans, where available, or by discounting estimated cash flows using observable inputs inclusive of interest rates, prepayment speeds and loss assumptions for similar collateral.

Previous wording

(1)Excludes LGG that are insured by U.S government agencies.

Current wording

All asset quality information excludes loans with government guarantees that are insured by U.S. government agencies.

Previous wording

The following table presents our non-performing loans held for investment by loan type and the changes in the respective balances:

Current wording

The following table presents our non-accrual loans held for investment by loan type and the changes in the respective balances:

Previous wording

(3)Includes home equity, consumer and other loans.

Current wording

(1)Includes home equity, consumer and other loans.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023, NPA to total assets equaled 0.39 percent compared to 0.17 percent at December 31, 2022 while NPL to total loans equaled 0.51 percent compared to 0.20 percent at December 31, 2022. The increase in NPLs was primarily driven by a $125 million increase in multi-family loans and a $108 million in commercial real estate loans, primarily office. Repossessed assets of $14 million were slightly higher compared to $12 million in the prior year.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, non-performing assets to total assets equaled 2.62 percent compared to 0.39 percent at December 31, 2023, and non-accrual loans to total loans equaled 3.83 percent compared to 0.51 percent at December 31, 2023. The increase in non-accrual loans was primarily driven by a $1.6 billion increase in multi-family loans and a $418 million in commercial real estate loans, primarily in the office sector. Repossessed assets of $14 million remained unchanged from prior year.

Previous wording

The following table sets forth the allocation of the consolidated allowance for losses on loans, at each year-end:

Current wording

The following table sets forth the allocation of the consolidated allowance for credit losses on loans and leases at each period-end:

Previous wording

For the year ended December 31, 2023, our gross charge-offs were $223 million and net charge-offs were $208 million, compared to gross charge-offs of $7 million and net recoveries of $4 million over the same period in 2022.

Current wording

For the year ended 2024, our gross charge-offs were $938 million and net charge-offs were $892 million, compared to gross charge-offs of $223 million and net charge-offs of $208 million over the same period in 2023.

Previous wording

Total securities were $9.2 billion, or 8 percent, of total assets at December 31, 2023, compared to $9.1 billion, or 10 percent of total assets at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of our securities were designated as “Available-for-Sale”. At December 31, 2023, 12 percent of our portfolio are floating rate securities.

Current wording

Total securities were $10.4 billion, or 10 percent, of total assets at December 31, 2024, compared to $9.2 billion, or 8 percent of total assets at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all of our securities were designated as “Available-for-Sale”. At December 31, 2024, 26 percent of our portfolio are floating rate securities.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2023, the net unrealized loss on securities available for sale, net of tax, was $581 million as compared to $626 million at December 31, 2022, reflecting the rising interest rate environment.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2024, the net unrealized loss on securities available for sale, net of tax, was $653 million as compared to $581 million at December 31, 2023, reflecting changes in market interest rates.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023, available-for-sale securities had an estimated weighted average life of six years. Included in the quarter-end amount were mortgage-related securities of $6.6 billion and other debt securities of $2.6 billion.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, available-for-sale securities had an estimated weighted average life of six years. Included in the year-end amount were mortgage-related securities of $8.6 billion and other debt securities of $1.8 billion.

Previous wording

At the prior year-end, available-for-sale securities were $9.1 billion, and had an estimated weighted average life of six years. Mortgage-related securities accounted for $4.8 billion of the year-end balance, with other debt securities accounting for the remaining $4.3 billion.

Current wording

At the prior year-end, available-for-sale securities were $9.2 billion, and had an estimated weighted average life of six years. Mortgage-related securities accounted for $6.6 billion of the year-end balance, with other debt securities accounting for the remaining $2.6 billion.

Previous wording

Our ability to retain and attract deposits depends on numerous factors, including customer satisfaction, the rates of interest we pay, the types of products we offer, and the attractiveness of their terms. The vast majority of our deposits are retail in nature (i.e., they are deposits we have gathered through our branches or through business combinations).

Current wording

We compete for deposits and customers through multiple channels, including our retail branch network, our private banking business and mobile and internet banking applications, Our ability to retain and attract deposits depends on numerous factors, including customer satisfaction, the rates of interest we pay, the types of products we offer, and the attractiveness of their terms. The majority of our deposits are retail in nature (i.e., they are deposits we have gathered through our branches or retail deposits acquired through business combinations); however, we also utilize brokered deposits depending on their availability and pricing relative to other funding sources.

Previous wording

The following table indicates the amount of time deposits, by account, that are in excess of the FDIC insurance limit (currently $250,000) by time remaining until maturity:

Current wording

The following table indicates the amount of time deposits, by account, that are in excess of $250,000 per depositor by time remaining until maturity:

Previous wording

Our uninsured deposits are the portion of deposit accounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit (currently $250,000). These amounts were estimated based on the same methodologies and assumptions used for regulatory reporting purposes and excludes internal accounts. At December 31, 2023 our deposit base includes $29.3 billion of uninsured deposits, a net increase of $12.9 billion as compared to December 31, 2022 due to the Signature Transaction. This represents 36 percent of our total deposits.

Current wording

We manage our liquidity to ensure that our cash flows are sufficient to support our operations and to compensate for any temporary mismatches between sources and uses of funds caused by variable loan and deposit demand. At December 31, 2024, we had total liquidity of $29.9 billion, which exceeded the balance of our uninsured deposits by $13.8 billion as of that date. Our uninsured deposits are the portion of deposit accounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit (currently $250,000). These amounts were estimated based on the same methodologies and assumptions used for regulatory reporting purposes and exclude internal accounts.

Previous wording

Wholesale borrowings totaled $20.3 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Current wording

Wholesale borrowings totaled $13.4 billion and $20.3 billion at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had $1.0 billion of FRB term funding which was repaid in 2024. At December 31, 2024, total borrowed funds decreased $6.8 billion to $14.4 billion compared to the balance at December 31, 2023.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023 the Company had $861 million and $329 million of FHLB-NY stock, at cost, and FHLB-Indianapolis stock, at cost, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the Company had $762 million and $329 million of FHLB-NY stock, at cost and FHLB-Indianapolis stock, at cost, respectively. The Company maintains an investment in FHLB-NY stock and, as a result of the Flagstar acquisition, FHLB-Indianapolis stock, partly in conjunction with its membership in the FHLB and partly related to its access to the FHLB funding it utilizes. In addition, the Company had Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost, of $203 million and $176 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, the Company had $598 million and $329 million of FHLB-NY stock, at cost, and FHLB-Indianapolis stock, at cost, respectively. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $861 million and $328 million of FHLB-NY stock, at cost and FHLB-Indianapolis stock, at cost, respectively. The Company maintains an investment in FHLB-NY stock and, as a result of the Flagstar acquisition, FHLB-Indianapolis stock, partly in conjunction with its membership in the FHLB and partly related to its access to the FHLB funding it utilizes. In addition, the Company had Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost, of $219 million and $203 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Previous wording

We record goodwill in our consolidated statements of condition in connection with certain of our business combinations. Goodwill, which is tested at least annually for impairment, refers to the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of an acquired company’s assets, net of the liabilities assumed. As of December 31, 2023, the Company identified a triggering event and applied a market approach using the end of day stock price. We evaluated those conditions known and knowable by the Company and how a market participant would view the control premium as confirmed by the subsequent confirming market evidence. This adjusted market capitalization was then compared to the carrying value to determine the extent of the shortfall which was calculated to be in excess of the goodwill balance. The Company’s assessment concluded that goodwill from historical transactions (2007 and prior) was fully impaired as of December 31, 2023. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of the entire goodwill balance of $2.4 billion.

Current wording

We recorded goodwill in our consolidated statements of condition in connection with our historical business combinations. Goodwill is the difference between the purchases price and the fair value of the acquired company's assets, net of the liabilities assumed. Goodwill was tested at least annually for impairment. The Company’s 2023 assessment concluded that goodwill from historical transactions (2007 and prior) was fully impaired as of December 31, 2023. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of the entire goodwill balance of $2.4 billion. The Company has no goodwill at December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

BOLI is recorded at the total cash surrender value of the policies in the Consolidated Statements of Condition, and the income generated by the increase in the cash surrender value of the policies is recorded in “Non-interest income” in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. Reflecting an increase in the cash surrender value of the underlying policies, our investment in BOLIat December 31, 2023 rose$19 million to $1.6 billion compared to December 31, 2022.

Current wording

Bank-owned life insurance is recorded at the total cash surrender value of the policies in the Consolidated Statements of Condition, and the income generated by the increase in the cash surrender value of the policies is recorded in Bank-owned life insurance on the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income. Reflecting an increase in the cash surrender value of the underlying policies, our investment in BOLIat December 31, 2024 rose $25 million to $1.6 billion compared to December 31, 2023.

Previous wording

A loan generally is classified as a “non-accrual” loan when it is 90 days or more past due or when it is deemed to be impaired because we no longer expect to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, we cease the accrual of interest owed, and previously accrued interest is reversed and charged against interest income. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of our non-performing loans were non-accrual loans. A loan is generally returned to accrual status when the loan is current and we have reasonable assurance that the loan will be fully collectible.

Current wording

A loan generally is classified as a non-accrual loan when it is 90 days or more past due or when it is deemed to be impaired because there is significant uncertainty about whether we will be able to collect all principal and interest amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When a loan is in non-accrual, we cease recording interest income on the loan, previously accrued and uncollected interest is reversed against interest income, and any subsequent interest collected is recorded as a reduction in the loan carrying amount. A loan is returned to accrual status only when the loan is current (minimum of six months of payment performance), and we have reasonable assurance that all contractual principal and interest related to the loan will be fully collectible. At December 31, 2024, $1.5 billion, or approximately 56 percent, of non-accrual loans were current based on their existing payment terms.

Previous wording

Non-performing loans are reviewed regularly by management and discussed on a monthly basis with the Board Credit Committee, and the Board of Directors of the Bank, as applicable. In accordance with our charge-off policy, collateral-dependent non-performing loans are written down to their current appraised values, less certain transaction costs. Workout specialists from our Loan Workout Unit actively pursue borrowers who are delinquent in repaying their loans in an effort to collect payment. In addition, outside counsel with experience in foreclosure proceedings are retained to institute such action with regard to such borrowers.

Current wording

In accordance with our charge-off policy, collateral-dependent loans are written down to their current appraised values less costs to sell. Workout specialists from our Loan Workout Unit actively pursue borrowers who are delinquent in repaying their loans in an effort to collect payment. In addition, outside counsel with experience in foreclosure proceedings are retained to support these efforts. Charge-offs of $770 million were recorded on commercial real estate and multi-family loans during the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily driven by appraisals received on those loans.