HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES INC

HEI and Hawaiian Electric:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

Emphasis of Matter

As discussed in Notes 1 and 5 to the financial statements, the financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted for discontinued operations of American Savings Bank, F.S.B.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Electric Utility Segment — Certain Regulatory Assets and Liabilities — Refer to Notes 1 and 4 to the financial statements

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. (“Hawaiian Electric” or the “Utility”) is subject to rate regulation by the Hawaii Public Utility Commission (the “PUC”) and accounts for the effects of regulation under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 980, “Regulated Operations,” as management believes that the operations of the Utility satisfy the criteria for regulatory accounting. The Company’s continued accounting under ASC Topic 980 generally requires that rates are established by an independent, third-party regulator; rates are designed to recover the costs of providing service; and it is reasonable to assume that rates can be charged to, and collected from, customers.

Hawaiian Electric’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and earnings oversight. Rates are determined and approved in regulatory proceedings based on an analysis of the Utility’s costs to provide utility service and a return on, and recovery of, Hawaiian Electric’s investment in the utility business.

We identified the impact of rate regulation as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments made by management to support its assertions about the applicability of the specialized rules and to evaluate the likelihood of (1) recovery in future rates of certain incurred costs and (2) the refund to customers of certain amounts. Performing audit procedures related to these judgments required significant auditor judgement and specialized knowledge.

Our audit procedures related to the application of specialized rules to account for rate regulation included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over (1) the evaluation of the application of specialized rules to account for rate regulation and (2) for certain regulatory assets and liabilities the evaluation of the likelihood of (a) the recovery in future rates of costs deferred as regulatory assets and (b) refunds to customers reported as regulatory liabilities.

•We evaluated the Company’s conclusion that it should apply the specialized rules to account for the effects of rate regulation.

•We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and regulatory developments.

•We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the PUC for the Utility to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the PUC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances.

•For certain regulatory assets and liabilities we evaluated whether the amounts recorded were in accordance with ASC Topic 980.

Contingencies — Tort-Related Legal Claims - Refer to Notes 1 and 2 to the financial statements

Multiple civil and class action lawsuits (collectively the “tort-related legal claims”) have been filed against the Company, its subsidiaries, and other defendants related to a number of brush fires that occurred on August 8, 2023, on the island of Maui. Most of these lawsuits allege that the defendants were responsible for, and/or negligent in failing to prevent or respond to the wildfires that led to the property destruction and loss of life. Other claims include, among other things, personal injury, wrongful death, emotional distress and inverse condemnation.

The Company reviews loss contingencies at least quarterly. When a loss is probable and reasonably estimable, a liability is recorded in the amount of the estimable loss. If it is reasonably possible that a loss may have been incurred and the effect on the financial statements could be material, the Company discloses the nature of the loss contingency and an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss or a statement that such an estimate cannot be made within the notes to the financial statements.

We identified the evaluation of the loss contingencies related to the tort-related legal claims, and related disclosures, as a critical audit matter because auditing management’s judgments in determining the appropriate accounting and disclosures for the tort-related legal claims required significant auditor judgment.

Our audit procedures related to the loss contingency involving the tort-related legal claims included the following, among others:

•We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of internal controls over management’s evaluation of the tort-related legal claims, including controls related to the Company's assessment of the probability of loss, measurement and classification of the contingent liability, and related disclosures based on the facts and circumstances.

•We inquired of the Company’s management and internal and external legal counsel to understand the nature and status of the tort-related legal claims and the status of the settlement agreements described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

•We read the settlement agreements regarding the tort-related legal claims.

•We requested written responses from internal and external counsel regarding (1) a description of the nature of the tort-related legal claims, (2) progress of the tort-related legal claims, (3) the status of the Company’s response, and (4) an evaluation of the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and an estimate, if one can be made, of the amount of range of potential loss, and received written responses.

•We evaluated management’s measurement of the recorded loss contingency for the tort-related legal claims and the balance sheet classification of that liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

•We consulted with professionals in our firm with expertise related to accounting for loss contingencies.

•We evaluated any events subsequent to December 31, 2024, that might impact our evaluation of the tort-related claims loss contingency.

•We obtained written representations from executives of the Company.

•We read the Company’s related disclosures and evaluated them for consistency with the evidence obtained from our audit procedures.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Honolulu, Hawaii

February 24, 2025

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the shareholder and the Board of Directors of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and statements of capitalization of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in common stock equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Certain Regulatory Assets and Liabilities — Refer to Notes 1 and 4 to the financial statements

The Company is subject to rate regulation by the Hawaii Public Utility Commission (the “PUC”) and accounts for the effects of regulation under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 980, “Regulated Operations,” as management believes that the operations of the Company satisfy the criteria for regulatory accounting. The Company’s continued accounting under ASC Topic 980 generally requires that rates are established by an independent, third-party regulator; rates are designed to recover the costs of providing service; and it is reasonable to assume that rates can be charged to, and collected from, customers.

The Company’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and earnings oversight. Rates are determined and approved in regulatory proceedings based on an analysis of the Company’s costs to provide utility service and a return on, and recovery of, the Company’s investment in the utility business.

We identified the impact of rate regulation as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments made by management to support its assertions about the applicability of the specialized rules and to evaluate the likelihood of (1) recovery in future rates of certain incurred costs and (2) the refund to customers of certain amounts. Performing audit procedures related to these judgments required significant auditor judgement and specialized knowledge.

Our audit procedures related to the application of specialized rules to account for rate regulation included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over (1) the evaluation of the application of specialized rules to account for rate regulation and (2) for certain regulatory assets and liabilities the evaluation of the likelihood of (a) the recovery in future rates of costs deferred as regulatory assets and (b) refunds to customers reported as regulatory liabilities.

•We evaluated the Company’s conclusion that it should apply the specialized rules to account for the effects of rate regulation.

•We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and regulatory developments.

•We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the PUC for the Company to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the PUC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances.

•For certain regulatory assets and liabilities we evaluated whether the amounts recorded were in accordance with ASC Topic 980.

Contingencies — Tort-Related Legal Claims - Refer to Notes 1 and 2 to the financial statements

Multiple civil and class action lawsuits (collectively the “tort-related legal claims”) have been filed against the Company, its subsidiaries, and other defendants related to a number of brush fires that occurred on August 8, 2023, on the island of Maui. Most of these lawsuits allege that the defendants were responsible for, and/or negligent in failing to prevent or respond to the wildfires that led to the property destruction and loss of life. Other claims include, among other things, personal injury, wrongful death, emotional distress and inverse condemnation.

The Company reviews loss contingencies at least quarterly. When a loss is probable and reasonably estimable, a liability is recorded in the amount of the estimable loss. If it is reasonably possible that a loss may have been incurred and the effect on the financial statements could be material, the Company discloses the nature of the loss contingency and an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss or a statement that such an estimate cannot be made within the notes to the financial statements.

We identified the evaluation of the loss contingencies related to the tort-related legal claims, and related disclosures, as a critical audit matter because auditing management’s judgments in determining the appropriate accounting and disclosures for the tort-related legal claims required significant auditor judgment.

Our audit procedures related to the loss contingency involving the tort-related legal claims included the following, among others:

•We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of internal controls over management’s evaluation of the tort-related legal claims, including controls related to the Company's assessment of the probability of loss, measurement and classification of the contingent liability, and related disclosures based on the facts and circumstances.

•We inquired of the Company’s management and internal and external legal counsel to understand the nature and status of the tort-related legal claims and the status of the settlement agreements described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

•We read the settlement agreements regarding the tort-related legal claims.

•We requested written responses from internal and external counsel regarding (1) a description of the nature of the tort-related legal claims, (2) progress of the tort-related legal claims, (3) the status of the Company’s response, and (4) an evaluation of the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and an estimate, if one can be made, of the amount of range of potential loss, and received written responses.

•We evaluated management’s measurement of the recorded loss contingency for the tort-related legal claims and the balance sheet classification of that liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

•We consulted with professionals in our firm with expertise related to accounting for loss contingencies.

•We evaluated any events subsequent to December 31, 2024, that might impact our evaluation of the tort-related claims loss contingency.

•We obtained written representations from executives of the Company.

•We read the Company’s related disclosures and evaluated them for consistency with the evidence obtained from our audit procedures.

/s/Deloitte & Touche LLP

Honolulu, Hawaii

February 24, 2025

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

Consolidated Statements of Income

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Continued)

Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

Consolidated Statements of Income

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Continued)

Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Capitalization

Consolidated Statements of Capitalization (continued)

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stock Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Note 1 · Summary of significant accounting policies

General

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. (HEI) is a holding company with direct and indirect subsidiaries principally engaged in electric utility and non-regulated renewable/sustainable infrastructure businesses operating in the State of Hawaii. HEI owns Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. (Hawaiian Electric), ASB Hawaii, Inc. (ASB Hawaii), GLST1, LLC (GLST1) and Pacific Current, LLC (Pacific Current).

Hawaiian Electric and its wholly owned operating subsidiaries, Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc. (Hawaii Electric Light) and Maui Electric Company, Limited (Maui Electric), are regulated public electric utilities (collectively, the Utilities) in the business of generating, purchasing, transmitting, distributing and selling electric energy on all major islands in Hawaii other than Kauai. Hawaiian Electric also owns Renewable Hawaii, Inc. (RHI), and HE AR INTER LLC. See Note 3.

ASB Hawaii, is an intermediate holding company that previously owned American Savings Bank, F.S.B. (ASB), a federally chartered, full-service Hawaii community bank. In December 2024, ASB Hawaii sold ASB but currently retains a 9.9% noncontrolling investment in ASB. See Note 5.

GLST1 is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. created for the specific purpose of holding HEI’s and Hawaiian Electric’s first liability installment payment pursuant to the settlement agreements to settle the tort-related legal claims in the litigation arising out of the Maui windstorm and wildfires. See Note 2.

Pacific Current’s significant subsidiaries include Hamakua Energy, LLC (Hamakua Energy) whose sale to an unaffiliated third party is expected to close in March 2025, Mauo, LLC (Mauo), Kaʻieʻie Waho Company, LLC (Kaʻieʻie Waho) and Mahipapa, LLC (Mahipapa). See Note 3.

Basis of presentation. In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change for HEI and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) include the amounts reported as fair value for pension and other postretirement benefit obligations; contingencies and litigation; income taxes; regulatory assets and liabilities (Utilities only); and asset retirement obligations (Utilities only).

Consolidation. The HEI consolidated financial statements include the accounts of HEI and its subsidiaries. The Hawaiian Electric consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries. When HEI or Hawaiian Electric has a controlling financial interest in another entity (usually, majority voting interest), that entity is consolidated. Investments in companies over which the Company or the Utilities have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method. The consolidated financial statements exclude variable interest entities (VIEs) when the Company or the Utilities are not the primary beneficiaries. Significant intercompany amounts are eliminated in consolidation (see Note 3 for limited exceptions).

Sale of American Savings Bank, F.S.B. As a result of a comprehensive review of strategic options of ASB, on December 30, 2024, HEI, ASB, and ASB Hawaii, a wholly owned subsidiary of HEI and ASB’s parent holding company, entered into investment agreements to sell 90.1% of the common stock of ASB to various investors, including certain ASB officers and directors of ASB while retaining a 9.9% noncontrolling ownership position. The sale transaction closed on December 31, 2024 and no investor acquired more than 9.9% of the common stock of ASB. The sale of ASB met the accounting requirements to be disclosed as discontinued operations. Accordingly, the results of ASB, including the loss on the ASB sale, are presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of income and cash flows, and have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. Further, the assets and liabilities associated with ASB have been classified as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023. Unless otherwise noted, reference within the following notes to consolidated financial statements exclude discontinued operations. See Note 5.

Investment in ASB. As a result of the ASB sale transaction on December 31, 2024, the Company retained a 9.9% noncontrolling ownership interest in ASB amounting to $44.6 million as of December 31, 2024, and is included in “Other noncurrent assets” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has elected to subsequently measure its investment in ASB at cost minus impairment, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 321, Investments-Equity Securities. FASB ASC 321 allows an entity to measure investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value using a measurement alternative that measures these securities at cost minus impairment. On a quarterly basis, the Company is required to make a qualitative assessment of whether the investment is impaired.

Cash and cash equivalents. The Company considers cash on hand, deposits in banks, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, short-term commercial paper of non-affiliates and liquid investments (with original maturities of three months or less) to be cash and cash equivalents.

Restricted cash. The Company considers cash held by trustees, related to non-recourse loans at Pacific Current subsidiaries, and cash held by GLST1, related to the first liability installment payment pursuant to the settlement agreements to settle the tort-related legal claims in the litigation arising out of the Maui windstorm and wildfires, to be restricted cash. In addition, the Utilities consider funds on deposit with Wells Fargo, which represent collateral to secure company purchasing cards, to be restricted cash because these funds are available only to finance (or reimburse payment of) approved expenditures; however, as of December 31, 2024, such funds were released. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, total restricted cash of the Company was $492.3 million and $15.0 million, respectively, and for the Utilities wasnil and $2.0 million, respectively. The Company’s restricted cash as of December 31, 2024 includes $478.8 million held by GLST1.

Property, plant and equipment. Property, plant and equipment are reported at cost. Self-constructed electric utility plant includes engineering, supervision, administrative and general costs and an allowance for the cost of funds used during the construction period. These costs are recorded in construction in progress and are transferred to utility plant when construction is completed and the facilities are either placed in service or become useful for public utility purposes. Costs for betterments that make utility plant more useful, more efficient, of greater durability or of greater capacity are also capitalized. Upon the retirement or sale of electric utility plant, generally no gain or loss is recognized. The cost of the plant retired is charged to accumulated depreciation. Amounts collected from customers for cost of removal are included in regulatory liabilities. See discussion regarding “Utility projects” in Note 4.

Depreciation. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated lives of the assets being depreciated. Electric utility plant additions in the current year are depreciated beginning January 1 of the following year in accordance with rate-making. Electric utility plant and Pacific Current generation assets have lives ranging from 16 to 51 years for production plant, from 10 to 79 years for transmission and distribution plant, and from 5 to 50 years for general plant. The Utilities’ composite annual depreciation rate, which includes a component for cost of removal, was 3.2% in 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Retirement benefits. Pension and other postretirement benefit costs are charged primarily to expense and electric utility plant (in the case of the Utilities). Funding for the Company’s qualified pension plan (Plan) is based on actuarial assumptions adopted by the Pension Investment Committee administering the Plan. The participating employers contribute amounts to pension trust for the Plan in accordance with the funding requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA), including changes promulgated by the Pension Protection Act of 2006, and considering the deductibility of contributions under the Internal Revenue Code. The Company generally funds at least the net periodic pension cost during the year, subject to ERISA minimum and Internal Revenue Code limits and targeted funded status.

Certain health care and/or life insurance benefits are provided to eligible retired employees and the employees’ beneficiaries and covered dependents. The Company generally funds the net periodic postretirement benefit costs other than pension (except for executive life) for postretirement benefits other than pension (OPEB), while maximizing the use of the most tax-advantaged funding vehicles, subject to cash flow requirements and reviews of the funded status with the consulting actuary.

Environmental expenditures. The Company and the Utilities are subject to numerous federal and state environmental statutes and regulations. In general, environmental contamination treatment costs are charged to expense. Environmental costs are capitalized if the costs extend the life, increase the capacity, or improve the safety or efficiency of property; the costs mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination; or the costs are incurred in preparing the property for sale. Environmental costs are either capitalized or charged to expense when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and the cost can be reasonably estimated. The Utilities review their sites and measure the liability quarterly by assessing a range of reasonably likely costs of each identified site using currently available information, including existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations, experience gained at similar sites, and the probable level of involvement and financial condition of other potentially responsible parties.

Contingencies and litigation. The Company and the Utilities are subject to proceedings (including PUC proceedings), lawsuits and other claims. Management assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments in or outcomes of these matters as well as potential ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is based on an analysis of each individual case or proceeding often with the assistance of outside counsel. Loss contingencies are reviewed quarterly and estimates are adjusted to reflect the impact of all known information, such as new developments in each matter or changes in approach in dealing with these matters, including changes in settlement strategy. When a loss is probable and reasonably estimable, a liability is recorded in the amount of the estimable loss. If it is reasonably possible that a loss may have been incurred and the effect on the financial statements could be material, the Company and the Utilities disclose the nature of the loss contingency and an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss or a statement that such an estimate cannot be made within the notes to the financial statements.

Income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are established for the temporary differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of the Company’s and the Utilities’ assets and liabilities at federal and state tax rates expected to be in effect when such deferred tax assets or liabilities are realized or settled. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

HEI and the Utilities’ investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the estimated useful lives of the properties to which the credits relate (and for the Utilities, this treatment is in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 980, “Regulated Operations”).

The Utilities are included in the consolidated income tax returns of HEI. However, income tax expense has been computed for financial statement purposes as if each utility filed a separate income tax return and Hawaiian Electric filed a consolidated Hawaiian Electric income tax return.

Governmental tax authorities could challenge a tax return position taken by the Company. The Company and the Utilities use a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold and measurement standard for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

Fair value measurements. Fair value estimates are estimates of the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid upon the transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value estimates are generally determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are based on market data obtained from independent sources. However, in certain cases, the Company and the Utilities use their own assumptions about market participant assumptions based on the best information available in the circumstances. These valuations are estimates at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information, information about the financial instrument and judgments regarding future expected loss experience, economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result if the Company or the Utilities were to sell its entire holdings of a particular financial instrument at one time. Because no active trading market exists for a portion of the Company’s and the Utilities’ financial instruments, fair value estimates cannot be determined with precision. Changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the estimates. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses could have a significant effect on fair value estimates, but have not been considered in making such estimates.

The Company and the Utilities group their financial assets measured at fair value in three levels outlined as follows:

Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices, unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and is used to measure fair value whenever available.

Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or inputs to the valuation methodology that are derived principally from or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Classification in the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability. For instruments classified in Level 1 and 2 where inputs are primarily based upon observable market data, there is less judgment applied in arriving at the fair value. For instruments classified in Level 3, management judgment is more significant due to the lack of observable market data.

The Company reviews and updates the fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes from one quarter to the next related to the observability of inputs in fair value measurements may result in a reclassification between the fair value hierarchy levels and are recognized based on period-end balances.

Fair value is also used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate certain assets for impairment or for disclosure purposes. Examples of nonrecurring uses of fair value include asset retirement obligations (AROs).

Earnings per share (HEI only). Basic earnings per share (EPS) and Basic EPS from continuing operations are computed by dividing net income for common stock and income from continuing operations for common stock, respectively, by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS and diluted EPS from continuing operations are computed similarly, except that dilutive common shares for stock compensation is added to the denominator. Since there is a net loss, there can beno potentially dilutive shares during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the antidilutive effect of restricted stock units (RSUs) on 65,078 shares of common stock, was not included in the computation of diluted EPS. There wereno shares of antidilutive securities outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Impairment of long-lived assets and long-lived assets to be disposed of. The Company and the Utilities review long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. When the Utilities conclude that recovery of the remaining carrying amount of long-lived generation asset upon retirement is probable of recovery in future rates the carrying amount of the long-lived generation asset is recorded as a regulatory asset. Other assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell.

Recent accounting pronouncements.

Segment Reporting. In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosure requirements of significant segment expenses. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. These amendments apply on a retrospective basis. The Company adopted this amendment as of December 31, 2024, which did not have a material impact on its disclosures.

Income Taxes. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. These amendments apply on a prospective basis with a retrospective option. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Climate-related disclosures. In March 2024, the SEC issued final climate-related disclosure rules under SEC Release No. 33-11275, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors (climate disclosure rules). The rules will require annual disclosure of material greenhouse gas emissions as well as disclosure of governance, risk management and strategy related to material climate-related risks. In addition, the rules require (i) financial statement impacts of severe weather events and other natural conditions; (ii) a roll forward of carbon offset and renewable energy credit balances if material to the Company’s plan to achieve climate-related targets or goals; and (iii) material impacts on estimates and assumptions in the financial statements. The disclosure requirements will begin phasing in for annual periods beginning with calendar year 2025. In April 2024, the SEC voluntarily stayed implementation of its climate disclosure rules pending completion of judicial review by the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. The Company is currently monitoring developments with this final rule and evaluating its impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications. Certain prior year amounts on the Consolidated Balance Sheet have been reclassified to conform to a classified balance sheet presentation. These prior year reclassifications include presenting current and noncurrent assets and liabilities. These reclassifications did not affect net income or shareholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2023.

Within the consolidated balance sheet for the prior period, wildfire tort-related claims amounts were reclassified from “Other current liabilities” to current “Wildfire tort-related claims” for the Company and the Utilities, and other postretirement benefit plan asset was reclassified from noncurrent “Other asset” to noncurrent “Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans asset” for the Utilities, to conform to the current year financial statement presentation. Also, consolidated statements of cash flows of prior year wildfire tort-related claims amounts were reclassified from “Change in other assets and liabilities” to “Increase in wildfire tort-related claims” for the Company and the Utilities to conform to the current year financial statement presentation. Reclassifications did not affect previously reported net income, retained earnings or net cash provided by operating activities.

Electric utility

Regulation by the Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii (PUC). The Utilities are regulated by the PUC and account for the effects of regulation under FASB ASC Topic 980, “Regulated Operations.” As a result, the Utilities’ financial statements reflect assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses based on current cost-based rate-making regulations (see Note 4—“Regulatory assets and liabilities”). Their continued accounting under ASC Topic 980 generally requires that rates are established by an independent, third-party regulator; rates are designed to recover the costs of providing service; and it is reasonable to assume that rates can be charged to, and collected from, customers. Management believes that the operations of the Utilities, including the impact of the approved PBR Framework, currently satisfy the criteria under ASC Topic 980.

The rate schedules of the Utilities include energy costs recovery clauses (ECRCs) under which electric rates are adjusted for changes in the weighted-average price paid for fuel oil and certain components of purchased power, and the relative amounts of company-generated power and purchased power. The rate schedules also include purchased power adjustment clauses (PPACs) under which the remaining purchase power expenses are recovered through surcharge mechanisms. The amounts collected through the ECRCs and PPACs are required to be reconciled quarterly.

Accounts receivable. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount. The Utilities generally assess a late payment charge on balances unpaid from the previous month. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Utilities’ best estimate of the amount of expected credit losses in the Utilities’ existing accounts receivable. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the allowance for customer accounts receivable, accrued unbilled revenues and other accounts receivable was $5.6 million and $4.6 million, respectively.

Electric utility revenues. Revenues related to electric service are generally recorded when service is rendered and include revenues applicable to energy consumed in the accounting period but not yet billed to the customers. The Utilities also record revenue under a decoupling mechanism. See “Decoupling” discussion in Note 4.

Repairs and maintenance costs. Repairs and maintenance costs for overhauls of generating units are generally expensed as they are incurred.

Allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC). AFUDC represents the estimated costs of debt (i.e., interest) and equity funds used to finance plant construction. AFUDC is credited on the statement of income and charged to construction in progress on the balance sheet. If a project under construction is delayed for an extended period of time, AFUDC on the delayed project may be stopped after assessing the causes of the delay and probability of recovery. The tax gross up of the allowance for equity funds used during construction is credited to income taxes on the statement of income and charged to a regulatory asset. This gross up, net of amortization of the regulatory asset, is reflected in income tax expense.

The weighted-average AFUDC rate was 7.3% in 2024,7.2% in 2023 and 7.1% in 2022, and reflected quarterly compounding.

Asset retirement obligations. AROs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 410-20, “Asset Retirement Obligations.” AROs are recognized at present value of expected costs to retire long-lived assets from service, provided a legal obligation exists and a reasonable estimate of the fair value and the settlement date can be made. In the subsequent period, the liability is accreted to its future value while the asset retirement cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. The Utilities’ recognition of AROs have no impact on earnings, as the cost of the AROs are recovered over the life of the asset through depreciation. AROs recognized by the Utilities relate to legal obligations with the retirement of plant and equipment, including removal of asbestos and other hazardous materials. See “Asset retirement obligations” in Note 4.

Note 2 · Maui windstorm and wildfires

On August 8, 2023, a number of brush fires in the West Maui (Lahaina) and Upcountry Maui areas caused widespread property damage, including damage to property of the Utilities, and 102 confirmed fatalities in Lahaina (the Maui windstorm and wildfires). The Maui windstorm and wildfires were fueled by extreme winds and drought-like conditions in those parts of Maui.

Restoration costs and recoveries. The Utilities are continuing restoration work to rebuild portions of the electric system in Lahaina to ensure safe and reliable power to all West Maui customers. Restoration efforts include the rebuilding of transmission and distribution lines along former routes in the Lahaina area with the installation of new interim steel and wood poles and electrical equipment. To date, power has been restored to all customers that were able to have power restored in Lahaina and the rest of West Maui.

On December 27, 2023, the Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii (PUC) issued an order authorizing deferred accounting treatment for the Utilities’ incremental non-labor expenses related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires. The deferred accounting treatment applies to certain non-labor expenses incurred from August 8, 2023 through December 31, 2024 that are not already a part of the base rates. The approval pertains only to deferred cost treatment; any cost recovery of deferred costs will be the subject of a separate application(s). On November 27, 2024, the Utilities filed a request with the PUC to extend the deferral accounting period to December 31, 2025, specifically limited to insurance premiums and outside services and legal costs associated with the asset-based lending facility credit agreement (see Note 6). On February 12, 2025, the PUC issued an order granting the Utilities’ request to extend. As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities have deferred $52.7 million of certain incremental costs related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires to a regulatory asset.

The Utilities are actively seeking recovery of damage to covered electrical infrastructure under their property insurance programs. The Utilities have submitted claims, received and recorded the insurance recoveries of $1 million in 2024; however, the timing and amount of any future insurance recoveries remain indeterminable at this time and as such, an insurance receivable has not been recorded as of the date of this filing. The Company’s property insurance has a total policy limit of $500 million with a $1 million retention for damages related to Utility-owned non-generating assets, including overhead transmission and distribution assets within 1,000 feet of such assets. The Utilities believe capital expenditures related to restoration that are not covered by insurance will be managed under their current regulatory mechanisms, the recovery of which would be subject to PUC approval. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has $499 million of insurance coverage remaining under the property insurance policy.

Third-party claims and other proceedings.

Tort-related legal claims. As of February 14, 2025, HEI and the Utilities have each been named in approximately 783 lawsuits related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires. These civil and putative class action lawsuits are pending in the Maui Circuit Court against HEI, the Utilities, and other defendants, including the County of Maui, the State of Hawaii and related state entities, private landowners and developers, and telecommunications companies (collectively, tort-related legal claims). One putative class action is also pending in federal court. Most of these lawsuits allege that the defendants were responsible for, and/or negligent in failing to prevent or respond to, the wildfires that led to the property destruction and loss of life. Other claims include, among other things, personal injury, wrongful death, emotional distress and inverse condemnation. One lawsuit asserting similar theories and claims was filed by the County of Maui against HEI and the Utilities, one lawsuit was filed by Spectrum Oceanic, LLC against HEI and the Utilities and other defendants, and other lawsuits were filed by approximately 160 subrogation insurers against HEI, the Utilities, a private landowner, and telecommunications companies. Additional lawsuits may be filed against the Company and other defendants in the future. The plaintiffs seek to recover damages and other costs, including punitive damages. Defendants have asserted cross-claims against one another for indemnification, contribution, and subrogation.

The County of Maui Origin and Cause Report, released on October 2, 2024, attaching the investigative report by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, estimated the total economic damage of approximately $6 billion. That estimate has not been validated by the Company, and it represents a gross number that does not take into account causation or liability and does not attempt to allocate responsibility among the various defendants. As such, the estimate is not intended to provide a reasonably possible loss in excess of the recorded amount under ASC Topic 450-20, “Loss Contingencies” attributable to the Company arising from the Maui windstorm and wildfires.

On November 8, 2023, Hawaii Governor Josh Green announced the One ‘Ohana Initiative (the One ‘Ohana Initiative) as a collective path forward to recovery from the Maui windstorm and wildfires. The One ‘Ohana Initiative is a new humanitarian aid fund of $175 million, with the objective to compensate, in an expedited manner, those who have lost loved ones and those who have suffered severe injuries in the Maui windstorm and wildfires. The One ‘Ohana Initiative provides an alternative to a lengthy and expensive legal process. Beneficiaries who have lost loved ones are anticipated to receive payments of $1.5 million per decedent, and those who suffered severe injuries are expected to share in a specially allocated pool of compensation. In exchange for receiving such a payment, beneficiaries will be required to waive their ability to pursue legal claims for wrongful death and severe injuries, except if they seek compensation through the litigation settlement. Hawaiian Electric fully supports this humanitarian initiative and has contributed $75 million. The Governor announced that other parties, including the State of Hawaii, the County of Maui, and Kamehameha Schools have all agreed to contribute to the fund. Hawaiian Electric’s contribution to the Initiative was less than half of the total, and Hawaiian Electric's insurance carriers funded its share of the contributions to the fund. Hawaiian Electric’s contribution is reflective of its commitment to join with community partners to provide solutions to promote Maui’s recovery. Hawaiian Electric’s commitment to contribute to the One ‘Ohana Initiative is not an admission of guilt or reflection of fault or liability related to the wildfires. Under the One ‘Ohana Initiative, all claimants (except families of missing persons) were required to submit a completed registration form and registrants who meet the Fund’s eligibility requirements then were required to complete and submit a claim form. As of October 25, 2024,36 claim forms were received that relate to death claims and 12 claim forms were received that relate to physical injury claims. The One ‘Ohana Initiative will retain its separate existence and claimants eligible will be required to apply to the One ‘Ohana Initiative before obtaining benefits from the litigation settlement.

Effective November 1, 2024, HEI and Hawaiian Electric entered intotwo definitive settlement agreements (collectively, the Settlement Agreements) to settle the tort-related legal claims in the litigation arising out of the Maui windstorm and wildfires (expressly excluding securities and derivative actions) on a global basis without any admission of liability. Under the Settlement Agreements, subject to certain conditions (including those described below), HEI and Hawaiian Electric, along with other defendants (the State of Hawaii, the County of Maui, Kamehameha Schools, entities affiliated with the West Maui Land Co., Hawaiian Telcom, and Spectrum/Charter Communications) have agreed to settle the claims of those who filed lawsuits in state and federal courts, or who may have claims but have not yet filed lawsuits, in connection with the Maui windstorm and wildfires. One Settlement Agreement is between the defendants, class counsel, and class plaintiffs (the Class Settlement Agreement), and the other is between the defendants and over 30 lawyers representing numerous individual plaintiffs who have brought their own lawsuits (the Individual Settlement Agreement). The Settlement Agreements do not resolve claims with insurers who have asserted or could assert subrogation claims in separate lawsuits and such insurers are not parties to the Settlement Agreements, but resolving such claims in the manner set forth in the Settlement Agreements (described below) is a condition that must be satisfied before any payment is due from the defendants. Both Settlement Agreements remain subject to court approval and other conditions, including those set out below.

Under the Settlement Agreements, HEI and Hawaiian Electric are obligated to contribute a total of $1.99 billion (out of a total defendant contribution of approximately $4.04 billion), which includes $75 million previously contributed for the One ‘Ohana Initiative(a humanitarian aid fund to provide payments outside of litigation to the beneficiaries of those who died, as well as compensation for personal injury damages). The total settlement amount is to be divided between two settlement funds, one for the benefit of individual plaintiffs, and the other for the benefit of the class plaintiffs. HEI and Hawaiian Electric must pay such amounts infour equal annual installments of approximately $479 million, with the first installment expected to be made no earlier than the fourth quarter of 2025. HEI and Hawaiian Electric have the option to accelerate the payments, in whole or in part, with such accelerated payments to be discounted at a rate of 5.5% per annum. HEI transferred the amount of the first payment, $479 million, into a new subsidiary, which is restricted from disbursing such funds except in connection with the initial payment to the settlement funds. Additionally, under the Settlement Agreements, HEI and Hawaiian Electric are obligated to contribute a share to the settlement administration fees only if certain other sources are exhausted when those fees are due, for which $3.5 million was accrued as of December 31, 2024 based on the best estimate at that time.

The Settlement Agreements are intended to resolve all of the tort-related legal claims related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires. The Class Settlement Agreement provides releases by plaintiffs to the defendants, and among defendants, for acts and omissions relating to the Maui windstorm and wildfires. The Individual Settlement Agreement provides that individual plaintiffs who elect to accept the settlement will sign releases. The releases in the Settlement Agreements, including those among defendants (subject to certain conditions), are effective on the initial payment due date. The Settlement Agreements also provide that $500 million of the total settlement payments will be reserved and made available to defendants to defray the cost to resolve any claims brought by plaintiffs who do not release claims as part of the settlements. Defendants have the right to terminate the Settlement Agreements under certain circumstances, including if more than specified thresholds of plaintiffs choose not to participate in the settlement.

The Settlement Agreements contain multiple conditions that must be met before any payment from HEI and Hawaiian Electric to the settlement funds are due. Those conditions include, among others, resolving claims of the insurers (either through agreement or a final court order stating that the insurers cannot maintain independent lawsuits against the defendants), legislation appropriating money from the state, and court approval of the Settlement Agreements.

The Settlement Agreements do not resolve claims with insurers who have asserted subrogation claims in separate lawsuits, and such insurers are not parties to the Settlement Agreements. However, the Settlement Agreements provide that all subrogation claims by insurers that have been or could be brought against defendants arising out of the Maui windstorm and wildfires must be resolved in order for HEI and Hawaiian Electric’s payment obligation to arise. The Settlement Agreements include a condition to the defendants’ obligations providing that by May 19, 2025, either (a) insurers that have brought claims arising out of the Maui windstorm and wildfires enter into a written agreement that provides for releases of all claims against the defendants, or (b) that there is a final and unappealable court order providing that if the final definitive agreement between the plaintiffs and the defendants becomes effective, then those same insurers’ exclusive remedy for any claims against the defendants would be limited to asserting liens against the settlement amounts obtained by the individual plaintiffs. On February 6, 2025, after briefing was complete, the Supreme Court of Hawaii heard argument on three reserved questions regarding the scope of Hawaii subrogation law concerning the condition described in this paragraph in the manner described in (b) above. On February 10, 2025, the Hawaii Supreme Court issued an order regarding the reserved questions providing that, once the settlement becomes final, the exclusive remedy for insurers seeking to recover amounts paid to settling plaintiffs is to assert liens against their policyholders pursuant to HRS 663-10. The Hawaii Supreme Court is expected to issue a written opinion providing further detail on its decision in the coming weeks.

HEI and Hawaiian Electric determined that making payments under the terms of the Settlement Agreements infour equal annual installments is the most viable option and have classified the first $479 million installment as a current liability based on expected timing of the payment and the remaining $1.44 billion as a noncurrent liability on HEI’s and the Utilities’ Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Settlement Agreements contain no admission of any liability by HEI or the Utilities and reflect the collective efforts of the State, HEI and the Utilities, and other defendants to seek a comprehensive resolution of the litigation arising out of the Maui windstorm and wildfires. The Utilities have recorded an additional $40 million in “Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues, net” and “Other accounts receivable, net” on HEI’s and the Utilities’ Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively, as of December 31, 2024, based on the amounts expected to be remaining under the applicate insurance policies at time of settlement payment.

As part of the agreement in principle preceding the Settlement Agreements, the parties agreed to vacate all trial dates and stay the litigation, except for (i) litigation activities between the plaintiffs (individual and class) and the subrogation insurers and (ii) actions taken to further settlement. On August 2, 2024, the Maui Circuit Court overseeing the Special Proceeding, in which most of the actions have been coordinated, vacated the trial dates that previously had been set. Accordingly, no trial dates are currently set in any action. On October 21, 2024, thethree subrogation actions that had been pending in the Oahu Circuit Court were transferred to the Maui Circuit Court. On December 9, 2024, the Maui Circuit Court entered an order staying thethree subrogation actions, and permitting the parties to request a status conference to discuss next steps within 14 days of a decision by the Hawaii Supreme Court on the reserved questions.

The Company intends to vigorously defend itself in the litigation if a definitive settlement is ultimately not achieved. There is no assurance that the Company will be successful in the defense of the litigation or that insurance will be available or adequate to fund any potential settlements, judgments, or costs associated with the litigation. If additional liabilities were to be incurred, the loss could be material to the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows and could result in violations of the financial covenants in the Company’s debt agreements. If any such losses were to be sufficiently high, the Company may not have liquidity or the ability to access liquidity at levels necessary to satisfy such losses. However, any possible loss in excess of the amount recorded cannot reasonably be estimated at this time.

Securities class action and shareholder lawsuits. On August 24, 2023, a putative securities class action captioned Bhangal v. Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc., et al., No.: 3:23-cv-04332-JSC (the Securities Action) was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The lawsuit alleges violations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder against HEI and certain of its current and former officers (collectively, Defendants), and Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against certain of HEI’s current and former officers. Plaintiff broadly alleges that Defendants made materially false and misleading statements or omissions regarding HEI’s wildfire prevention and safety protocols and related matters. Plaintiff seeks unspecified monetary damages. On December 7, 2023, the court appointed Daniel Warren as lead plaintiff and Pomerantz LLP as lead plaintiff’s counsel. On March 8, 2024, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint. On October 15, 2024, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the amended complaint, with leave to amend. On November 12, 2024, the lead plaintiff filed a second amended complaint. The Company anticipates filing a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint and intends to vigorously defend against this action. An unsuccessful mediation was held on January 22, 2025. There is no assurance that the Company will be successful in the defense of the litigation or that insurance will be available or adequate to fund any potential settlement or judgment or the litigation costs of the action. The Company does not believe that a loss is probable and any possible loss or range of loss is not reasonably estimable.

On September 11, 2023, a putative shareholder derivative action captioned Rice v. Connors, et al., No. 1CCV-23-0001181 was filed in the Circuit Court of the First Circuit, State of Hawaii. On December 6, 2023, the case was removed to the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii and captioned Rice v. Connors, et al., No. 1:23-cv-00577-JAO-BMK. On March 14, 2024, the United States District Court remanded the case to the Circuit Court of the First Circuit, State of Hawaii. This action is purportedly brought by a shareholder on behalf of nominal defendants HEI and Hawaiian Electric against certain current and former officers and directors of HEI and Hawaiian Electric. Plaintiff asserts Hawaii state law breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, corporate waste, unjust enrichment, and aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty claims allegedly arising in connection with the Maui windstorm and wildfires that occurred in August 2023 and certain of the Company’s prior public disclosures. Plaintiff seeks, on behalf of HEI and Hawaiian Electric, compensatory and punitive damages, restitution, disgorgement, and equitable relief in the form of changes to corporate governance, policies and culture. HEI has moved to stay the proceeding pending resolution of the tort-related legal claims and the Securities Action. A hearing on the motion to stay is set for March 5, 2025. While the Company has obligations to indemnify and/or advance the defendants’ legal fees and costs in connection with this lawsuit, any monetary recovery in the derivative litigation should accrue to the Company. An unsuccessful mediation was held on January 22, 2025. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome and is unable to make a reasonable estimate of the amount or range of loss, if any, that could result from any unfavorable outcome.

On November 6, 2024, a putative shareholder derivative action captioned Hamilton v. Lau, et al., No. 1CCV-24-0001595 was filed in the Circuit Court of the First Circuit, State of Hawaii (the “Hamilton Action”). This action is purportedly brought by a shareholder on behalf of nominal defendants HEI and Hawaiian Electric against certain current and former officers and directors of HEI and Hawaiian Electric. Plaintiff asserts Hawaii state law breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty, and corporate waste claims allegedly arising in connection with the Maui windstorm and wildfires that occurred on in August 2023 and certain of HEI’s prior public disclosures. Plaintiff seeks, on behalf of HEI and Hawaiian Electric, compensatory and punitive damages, restitution and equitable relief in the form of changes to HEI’s corporate governance, policies and culture. While the Company has certain obligations to indemnify and/or advance the individual defendants’ legal fees and costs in connection with this lawsuit, any monetary recovery in the derivative litigation should accrue to the Company. An unsuccessful mediation was held on January 22, 2025. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome and is unable to make a reasonable estimate of the amount or range of loss, if any, that could result from any unfavorable outcome.

Three putative shareholder derivative actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California between December 26, 2023 and February 8, 2024, including:

Kallaus v. Johns, et al., No. 3:23-cv-06627 (the Kallaus Action), Cole v. Johns, et al., No. 3:24-cv-00598 (the Cole Action), and Tai v. Seu, et al., No. 3:24-cv-01198 (the Tai Action). On March 19, 2024, upon stipulation by the parties, the court consolidated the Kallaus Action, the Cole Action, and the Tai Action under the caption In Re Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Derivative Litigation, No. 3:23-cv-06627 (the Consolidated Derivative Actions). On June 19, 2024, Plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint. The Consolidated Derivative Actions are purportedly brought by shareholders of HEI on behalf of nominal defendants HEI and Hawaiian Electric against certain current and former officers and directors of HEI and Hawaiian Electric. Plaintiffs purport to assert both Hawaii state law and federal securities law claims. Plaintiffs assert state law breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste, unjust enrichment, gross mismanagement, and abuse of control claims purportedly arising in connection with the Maui windstorm and wildfires that occurred in August 2023 and certain public disclosures. Plaintiffs also assert claims under Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, and generally allege that the Company and certain of its current and former officers made materially false and misleading statements or omissions regarding the Company’s wildfire prevention and safety protocols and related matters. Plaintiffs seek, on behalf of HEI and Hawaiian Electric, unspecified monetary and punitive damages, disgorgement, and other relief. HEI moved to stay the Consolidated Derivative Actions pending resolution of the tort-related legal claims and the Securities Action, and also moved to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint for failing to adequately allege that the Board’s refusal of the plaintiffs’ demands was wrongful. Hawaii state court plaintiff Christina Rice (see above) filed a motion to intervene in this action for the limited purpose of seeking dismissal, or alternatively a stay, of this action in favor of the Hawaii state court derivative action she filed. Hawaii federal court plaintiffs George Assad and Robert Faris (see below) also filed a motion to intervene in this action for the limited purpose of seeking dismissal, or alternatively a stay, of this action in favor of a separate Hawaii federal court derivative action they filed. The court deferred the hearing on the Company’s motions to stay and dismiss, Rice’s motion to intervene, and Assad’s and Faris’s motion to intervene pending a mediation on January 22, 2025, which was unsuccessful. On January 30, 2025, the Court granted the plaintiffs’ request to voluntarily dismiss the case so that they could refile the action in Hawaii. As a result, the Court did not rule on the Company’s pending motion to dismiss or motion to stay. While the Company has certain obligations to indemnify and/or advance the defendants’ legal fees and costs in connection with this lawsuit, any monetary recovery in the Consolidated Derivative Actions should accrue to the Company. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome and is unable to make a reasonable estimate of the amount or range of loss, if any, that could result from any unfavorable outcome.

Two putative shareholder derivative actions were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii between April 8, 2024 and June 8, 2024, including:

Assad v. Seu, et al., No. 1:24-cv-00164 (the Assad Action), and Faris v. Seu, et al., No. 1:24-cv-00247 (the Faris Action). On July 3, 2024, upon stipulation by the parties, the court consolidated the Assad Action and Faris Action under the caption In Re Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc., Stockholder Derivative Litigation, No. 1:24-cv-00164 (the Hawaii Federal Derivative Actions). Both actions are purportedly brought by shareholders on behalf of nominal defendant HEI and against certain current and former officers and directors of HEI and Hawaiian Electric. Plaintiffs purport to assert Hawaii state law claims for breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste, and unjust enrichment allegedly arising in connection with the Maui windstorm and wildfires that occurred in August 2023 and certain public disclosures. Plaintiffs generally allege that the Company and certain of its current and former officers made materially false and misleading statements or omissions regarding the Company’s wildfire prevention and safety protocols and related matters. Plaintiffs seek, on behalf of HEI, compensatory damages, restitution, disgorgement, injunctive relief, and equitable relief, including in the form of changes to HEI’s corporate governance policies and procedures. On July 30, 2024, upon HEI’s motion, the court stayed the Hawaii Federal Derivative Actions pending resolution of the motion to dismiss the Securities Action and the motions to stay and dismiss the Consolidated Derivative Actions. While the Company has obligations to indemnify and/or advance the defendants’ legal fees and costs in connection with this lawsuit, any monetary recovery in the derivative litigation should accrue to the Company. A mediation was held on

January 22, 2025. The parties did not reach a settlement on that date. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome and is unable to make a reasonable estimate of the amount or range of loss, if any, that could result from any unfavorable outcome.

Maui windstorm and wildfires costs. Legal costs in connection with the litigation and loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. The Company has $165 million of excess liability insurance and $25 million of miscellaneous professional liability insurance for third party claims, including claims related to wildfires, with a retention of $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and $145 million directors and officers liability insurance to cover claims related to the shareholder and derivative lawsuits, with a retention of $1.0 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s and Utilities’ insurance receivable totaled $57 million and $55 million, respectively, under the policies. As of December 31, 2024, HEI and its subsidiaries have approximately $13 million, nil and $122 million of insurance coverage remaining under the excess liability, miscellaneous professional liability and directors and officers liability policies, respectively, after deducting applicable retention amounts, amounts that have been recovered under insurance policies (including the One ‘Ohana Initiative contribution), and amounts expected to be recovered for incurred costs and recognized as a receivable as of year-end.

See table below for the incremental expenses related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires.

1 Related to the PUC’s order, received on December 27, 2023, approving deferred accounting treatment for the Utilities’ incremental non-labor expenses related to the August 2023 Maui windstorm and wildfires. Amounts were reclassified to a regulatory asset.

2 Excludes expenses related to discontinued operations amounting to $1.3 million and $11.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

On May 4, 2024, HEI and the Utilities reached an agreement to settle indemnification claims asserted by the State of Hawaii without any admission of fault or responsibility. Under the terms of the agreement, HEI and the Utilities agreed to contribute up to $18.4 million through the end of 2024 related to the costs of the professional advisors engaged by the State of Hawaii to advise on a variety of matters related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires. Under certain circumstances, HEI and the Utilities have the unilateral right to terminate the agreement and stop paying the costs for future periods. As of December 31, 2024, a total of $18.4 million of such costs were accrued and reflected in Maui windstorm and wildfires related expenses-Other expense in the table above.

In addition, the Utilities incurred $8.7 million and $18.0 million of total capital costs related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 3 · Segment financial information

Reportable segments are strategic business units of the Company that offer different products and services and operate in different regulatory environments. Prior to December 31, 2024, the Company operated and reported ontwo reportable segments: Electric utility and bank. On December 31, 2024, the Company sold 90.1% of ASB (previously, the bank reportable segment) and presented its results as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Accordingly, the bank reportable segment has been eliminated and the segment information presented herein excludes the results of ASB for all periods presented. All comparable information for the historical periods has been recast to reflect the impact of these changes. The Company now operates and reports onone reportable segment: Electric utility. HEI and its other subsidiaries which are not reportable segments are grouped and reported as an “All Other” non-reportable segment.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described for the Company in the summary of significant accounting policies, except as otherwise indicated and except that federal and state income taxes for each segment are calculated on a “stand-alone” basis. The Company’s chief operating decision makers (CODM) evaluate segment performance based on net income. Each segment accounts for intersegment sales and transfers as if the sales and transfers were to third parties (i.e., at current market prices). Intersegment revenues consist primarily of Hamakua Energy electricity revenues, interest and preferred stock dividends.

HEI’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM uses net income to evaluate income generated from segment assets (return on assets) in deciding whether to reinvest profits into the segments or into other parts of the entity, such as for acquisitions or to pay dividends. The CODM considers inputs from a variety of sources including the Chief Financial Officer, the General Counsel and presidents of operating units. Net income is used to monitor budget versus actual results. The CODM also uses net income in competitive analysis by benchmarking to HEI’s competitors. The competitive analysis along with the monitoring of budgeted versus actual results are used in assessing performance of the segment and in establishing management’s compensation. The segment level information that is regularly provided to the CODM does not include expense categories other than depreciation and amortization, interest expense, and income taxes.

Electric utility

Hawaiian Electric and its wholly owned operating subsidiaries, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, are public electric utilities in the business of generating, purchasing, transmitting, distributing and selling electric energy on all major islands in Hawaii other than Kauai, and are regulated by the PUC. Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light, and Maui Electric are aggregated within the electric utility segment because they: (1) are involved in the business of supplying electric energy in the same geographical location (i.e., the State of Hawaii), (2) have similar production processes that comprise electric generation, (3) serve similar customers within their franchise territories (e.g., residential, commercial and industrial customers), (4) use similar electric grids to distribute the energy to their customers, (5) are regulated by the PUC and undergo similar rate-making processes, (6) have similar economic characteristics and (7) perform financial reporting oversight and management of the business at the consolidated level. Hawaiian Electric also owns the following nonregulated subsidiaries: Renewable Hawaii, Inc. (RHI), which was formed to invest in renewable energy projects; HE AR INTER LLC (HE AR INTER), which was formed to pursue financing through a secured asset-based (accounts receivable) credit facility. Both RHI and HE AR INTER are included within electric utility segment information provided to the CODMs.

Hawaiian Electric has determined that its CODMs are the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Net income variance analysis is regularly provided to CODMs and it is used to monitor budget as well as measuring against performance to the same period in the previous year. The CODMs measure the segment performance based on the Hawaiian Electric consolidated net income and segment net income of Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric to make decisions to allocate resources. Hawaiian Electric concluded that all of the expense categories for its single reportable segment included in the Consolidated Statement of Income for Hawaiian Electric are the expense categories regularly provided to the CODMs and are significant.

All Other

“All Other” includes amounts for the holding companies (HEI and ASB Hawaii), GLST1, and Pacific Current and its subsidiaries and do not meet the definition of reportable segments.

ASB Hawaii. ASB Hawaii was formed in 1988 and served as the holding company for ASB prior to its sale on December 31, 2024. ASB Hawaii still retains a 9.9% noncontrolling investment in ASB.

GLST1. GLST1 was formed in 2024 for the specific purpose of holding HEI’s and Hawaiian Electric’s first liability installment payment pursuant to the settlement agreements to settle the tort-related legal claims in the litigation arising out of the Maui windstorm and wildfires.

Pacific Current. Pacific Current was formed in 2017 to focus on investing in non-regulated renewable energy and sustainable infrastructure in the State of Hawaii to help achieve the state’s sustainability goals. Significant investments of Pacific Current made through its subsidiaries, Hamakua Energy, Mauo, Kaʻieʻie Waho, and Mahipapa include:

Hamakua power plant. In 2017, Hamakua Energy acquired Hamakua Energy Partners, L.P.’s 60-MW combined cycle power plant and other assets from affiliates of ArcLight Capital Partners, a private equity firm. The plant sells all the power it produces to Hawaii Electric Light under an existing power purchase agreement (PPA) that expires in 2030.

Solar-plus-storage power purchase agreement. In 2018, Mauo executed definitive agreements to acquire a solar-plus-storage PPA for a multi-site, commercial-scale project that provides 8.1 MW of solar capacity and 42.6 megawatt-hours (MWh) of storage capacity on the islands of Maui and Oahu. The PPA has a 15-year term with a customer option to extend for an additional five years.

6-MW photovoltaic system. In 2020, Kaʻieʻie Waho acquired a 6-MW photovoltaic system situated on 20 acres of land on the island of Kauai. Kauai Island Utility Cooperative purchases all of the power generated by the system under a PPA that expires in 2033.

7.5-MW renewable, firm dispatchable closed-loop biomass-to-energy facility. In 2022, Mahipapa acquired a 7.5-MW renewable, firm dispatchable closed-loop biomass-to-energy facility on Kauai. Kauai Island Utility Cooperative purchases all of the power generated by the system under a PPA that expires in January 2036.

Electric utility reportable segment and All Other information were as follows:

1 Contributions in aid of construction balances are included in capital expenditures.

Intercompany electricity sales of the Utilities to HEI and its other subsidiaries are not eliminated because those entities would need to purchase electricity from another source if it were not provided by the Utilities and the revenue and profit on such sales is nominal.

Hamakua Energy’s sales to Hawaii Electric Light (a regulated affiliate) are eliminated in consolidation (see “related-party transactions” in Note 4).

Impairment of long-lived assets. HEI and Pacific Current have been undertaking a comprehensive review of strategic options for certain assets of Pacific Current. During the course of this process, in the third quarter of 2024, HEI and Pacific Current had determined it is more-likely-than-not that the long-lived assets of Pacific Current will be sold significantly before the end of their previously estimated useful life and that the fair value of certain long-lived assets of Pacific Current, currently classified as held-and-used, are less than its carrying value. After performing a recoverability test of these assets, Pacific Current determined a portion of these long-lived assets of Pacific Current were not recoverable and therefore impaired. As a result, HEI and Pacific Current recorded a pretax asset impairment charge of $35.2 million in the third quarter of 2024. The impairment charge is recorded in “Other Expenses” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

Sale of Hamakua Holdings, LLC. As part of HEI’s comprehensive review of strategic options for certain assets of Pacific Current, on February 7, 2025, Pacific Current entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement to sell all the membership interests in Hamakua Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Pacific Current, to an unaffiliated third party for cash consideration to be determined under the provisions of the agreement. Hamakua Holdings, LLC hastwo wholly-owned subsidiaries: Hamakua Energy, LLC, which owns a 60-MW combined cycle power plant that sells power to Hawaii Electric Light under an existing power purchase agreement, and HAESP, LLC (created in connection with the current on-going Stage 3 RFP process). Upon closing, both Hamakua Energy and HAESP, LLC as wholly-owned subsidiaries of Hamakua Holdings will no longer be owned by Pacific Current. The close of the transaction is subject to the satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions and is expected to be finalized in March 2025. The sale transaction is not expected to have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 4 · Electric utility segment

Regulatory assets and liabilities. The Utilities record regulatory assets and liabilities when they are deemed probable of recovery from or refund to customers. Determining probability requires significant judgment by management and includes considerations of regulatory orders, proposed regulatory treatment, strength of the applications and other available evidence. Regulatory assets represent deferred costs and accrued decoupling revenues which are expected to be recovered through rates over PUC-authorized periods. Generally, the Utilities do not earn a return on their regulatory assets; however, they have been allowed to recover interest on certain regulatory assets and to include certain regulatory assets in rate base. Regulatory liabilities represent amounts included in rates and collected from ratepayers for costs expected to be incurred in the future, or amounts collected in excess of costs incurred that are refundable to customers. For example, the regulatory liability for cost of removal in excess of salvage value represents amounts that have been collected from ratepayers for costs that are expected to be incurred in the future to retire a utility plant. Generally, the Utilities include regulatory liabilities in rate base or are required to apply interest to certain regulatory liabilities. In the table below, noted in parentheses are the original PUC authorized amortization or recovery periods and, if different, the remaining amortization or recovery periods as of December 31, 2024 are noted.

Regulatory assets were as follows:

Regulatory liabilities were as follows:

The regulatory asset and liability relating to retirement benefit plans was recorded as a result of pension and OPEB tracking mechanisms adopted by the PUC in rate case decisions for the Utilities in 2007 (see Note 11).

Regulatory asset related to retirement of generating units.

Honolulu generating units 8 and 9. On December 22, 2023, the PUC issued a decision and order approving the Utilities’ request to establish a regulatory asset for the remaining net book value of the fossil fuel generating units for both Honolulu units 8 and 9 assets that retired on December 31, 2023, and amortize the regulatory asset over approximately nine years. The PUC also ruled that the Utilities may seek to include the regulatory asset in rate base and seek to recover the amortization expense and a return on the unamortized balance of the regulatory asset in the next rate case or rate re-setting proceeding. As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities have recorded $26.7 million in regulatory assets for the remaining net book value of Honolulu generating units 8 and 9.

Waiau generating units 3 and 4. On September 30, 2024, the PUC issued a decision and order approving the Utilities’ request to establish a regulatory asset for the remaining net book value of the fossil fuel generating units for both Waiau units 3 and 4 assets that retired on December 31, 2024, and amortize the regulatory asset over approximately nine years. The PUC also ruled that the Utilities may seek to include the regulatory asset in rate base and seek to recover the amortization expense and a return on the unamortized balance of the regulatory asset in the next rate case or rate re-setting proceeding. As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities have recorded $14.3 million in regulatory assets for the remaining net book value of Waiau generating units 3 and 4.

Regulatory assets for Maui windstorm and wildfires related costs. On December 27, 2023, the PUC issued an order authorizing deferred accounting treatment for the Utilities’ incremental non-labor expenses under specific cost categories related to the August 2023 Maui windstorm and wildfires. The deferred accounting treatment authorized, applied to certain non-labor expenses incurred from August 8, 2023 through December 31, 2024 that are not already a part of base rates.

As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities have recorded $52.7 million in regulatory assets for the incremental costs incurred related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires event.

On November 27, 2024, the Utilities filed a request with the PUC to extend the deferral accounting period to December 31, 2025, specifically limited to insurance premiums and outside services and legal costs associated with the asset-based lending facility credit agreement (see Note 6). On February 12, 2025, the PUC issued an order granting the Utilities’ request to extend.

Requests for cost recovery of deferred costs will be the subject of a separate application at which time the PUC will evaluate whether such costs were prudently incurred and reasonable and determine the extent to which such costs will be eligible for recovery, and the period over which recovery will occur. If the PUC denies recovery of any deferred costs, such costs would be charged to expense in the period that those costs are no longer considered probable of recovery.

Regulatory liabilities for Enterprise Resource Planning/Enterprise Asset Management (ERP/EAM). The ERP/EAM Implementation Project went live in October 2018. Hawaii Electric Light and Hawaiian Electric began to incorporate their portion of the deferred project costs in rate base and started the amortization over a 12-year period in January 2020 and November 2020, respectively. The PUC required a minimum of $246 million ERP/EAM project-related benefit to be delivered to customers over the system’s 12-year service life.

In February 2019, the PUC approved a methodology for passing the future cost saving benefits of the ERP/EAM system to customers developed by the Utilities in collaboration with the Consumer Advocate. The Utilities filed a benefits clarification document on June 10, 2019, reflecting $150 million in future net other operation and maintenance (O&M) expense reductions and cost avoidance, and $96 million in capital cost reductions and tax savings over the 12-year service life. To the extent the reduction in O&M expense relates to amounts reflected in electric rates, the Utilities would reduce future rates for such amounts. In October 2019, the PUC approved the Utilities and the Consumer Advocate’s Stipulated Performance Metrics and Tracking Mechanism. As part of the settlement agreement approved in the Hawaiian Electric 2020 test year rate case, the regulatory liability for Hawaiian Electric will be amortized over five years, beginning in November 2020, and the O&M benefits for Hawaiian Electric was considered flowed through to customers. On December 29, 2023, the PUC approved the Utilities’ proposal to accelerate flow-through of the ERP benefits savings currently tracked in regulatory liability accounts to Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric customers as part of the customer dividend in the ARA, to mitigate the impact of the Utilities’ recovery of the COVID-19 related costs on customers. See “Regulatory assets for COVID-19 related costs” section below.

As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities’ regulatory liability was $12.5 million ($1.2 million for Hawaiian Electric, $4.5 million for Hawaii Electric Light and $6.8 million for Maui Electric) for the O&M expense savings that are being amortized or to be included in future rates. At the PUC’s direction, the Utilities have been filing Annual Enterprise System Benefits (AESB) report on the achieved benefits savings.

Regulatory assets for COVID-19 related costs. On December 29, 2023, the PUC issued a decision and order (December 2023 D&O) approving the Utilities’ request to recover the COVID-19 related deferred costs up to$8.8 million evenly over a three-year recovery period from 2024 through 2026 through the Z-factor in the ARA. Following the Utilities’ motion for clarification or in the alternative partial reconsideration of the December 2023 D&O, on February 27, 2024, the PUC issued an order clarifying the December 2023 D&O and approving, among other things, the Utilities’ requests to base the recovery on the recorded balances as of December 31, 2023 and to modify the recovery period to begin June 1, 2024 and end May 31, 2027. As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities have recorded $6.7 million in regulatory assets for deferral of COVID-19 related costs.

Regulatory assets for suspension of disconnections related costs. Based on circumstances related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires, on August 31, 2023 and subsequently on October 13, 2023, the PUC issued orders directing all regulated utilities located on, or providing utility service on Maui, including the Utilities, among other things, (i) to suspend disconnections of services and associated disconnection fees beginning from August 8, 2023, through the end of the emergency relief period established by the Governor’s Emergency Proclamations related to the Maui windstorm and wildfires, which currently continues through April 5, 2025 (Suspension Period); (ii) to suspend any and all rules and provisions of individual utility tariffs that prevent or condition re-connection of disconnected customers during the Suspension Period; (iii) not to charge customers interest on past due payments or impose any late payment fees through the Suspension Period; (iv) to establish regulatory assets to record costs directly related to the suspension of disconnections, and to record receipt of governmental aid and donation-based aid, loans or grants, and/or all other assistance measures, and any cost savings realized; and (v) to file a notice with the PUC regarding any upcoming application or other request pursuant to HRS Sections 269-16.3, -17, -17.5, -18, -19, or -19.5 and/or regarding any significant financial change to the Maui utility, at least 60 days prior to filing such application or other request with the PUC. The orders also discourage the filing of emergency or general rate increases in response to the emergency situation. In future proceedings, the PUC will assess the utility’s request for recovery of these regulatory assets including whether it is reasonable and necessary, the appropriate period of recovery for the approved amount of regulatory assets, any amount of carrying costs thereon, any savings directly attributable to suspension of disconnects, and other related matters. As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities have recorded $2.8 million in regulatory assets for the incremental costs incurred due to the suspension of disconnections.

Major customers. The Utilities received 11% ($369 million),12% ($376 million) and 12% ($393 million) of their operating revenues from the sale of electricity to various federal government agencies in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cumulative preferred stock. The following series of cumulative preferred stock are redeemable only at the option of the respective company at the following prices in the event of voluntary liquidation or redemption:

Hawaiian Electric is obligated to make dividend, redemption and liquidation payments on the preferred stock of each of its subsidiaries if the respective subsidiary is unable to make such payments, but this obligation is subordinated to Hawaiian Electric’s obligation to make payments on its own preferred stock.

Related-party transactions. HEI charged the Utilities $5.5 million, $5.2 million and $5.6 million for general management and administrative services in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The amounts charged by HEI to its subsidiaries for services provided by HEI employees are allocated primarily on the basis of time expended in providing such services.

In 2024, 2023 and 2022, Hamakua Energy (an indirect subsidiary of HEI) sold energy and capacity to Hawaii Electric Light (subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric and indirect subsidiary of HEI) under a power purchase agreement (PPA) in the amount of $35 million, $71 million and $66 million, respectively.

Hawaiian Electric’s short-term borrowings from HEI totalednil at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Borrowings among the Utilities are eliminated in consolidation. Interest charged by HEI to Hawaiian Electric wasnil for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Consolidated variable interest entities. The HE AR INTER LLC and its direct subsidiary, HE AR BRWR LLC, (collectively, the SPEs) are bankruptcy remote, direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of the Utilities. Pursuant to the asset-based lending facility (ABL Facility) credit agreement, the Utilities sells certain accounts receivable to the SPEs as collateral, which in turn, obtain financing from financial institutions. As of December 31, 2024, the ABL Facility remains undrawn and the SPEs have $324.7 million of net accounts receivable, included in “Customer accounts receivable, net”, and “Accrued unbilled revenues, net”, on the Utilities’ Consolidated Balance Sheet and “Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues, net”, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The SPEs are considered VIEs due to insufficient equity investment at risk. The most significant activities that impact the economic performance of the SPEs are cash and financing management. The Utilities are considered the primary beneficiary as the Utilities direct the activities related to cash and financing management and therefore, are required to consolidate the SPEs. Although the SPEs are direct and indirect wholly owned consolidated subsidiaries of the Utilities, the SPEs are legally separate from the Utilities. The assets of the SPEs (which are primarily accounts receivables) are not available to creditors of the Utilities.

Unconsolidated variable interest entities.

Power purchase agreements. As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities hadfour power purchase agreements (PPAs) for firm capacity and other PPAs with independent power producers (IPPs) and Schedule Q providers (i.e., customers with cogeneration and/or power production facilities who buy power from or sell power to the Utilities), none of which are currently required to be consolidated as VIEs.

Pursuant to the current accounting standards for VIEs, the Utilities are deemed to have a variable interest in Kalaeloa Partners, L.P. (Kalaeloa) and Hamakua Energy by reason of the provisions of the PPA that the Utilities have with thetwo IPPs. However, management has concluded that the Utilities are not the primary beneficiary of Kalaeloa and Hamakua Energy because the Utilities do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact thetwo IPPs’ economic performance nor the obligation to absorb their expected losses, if any, that could potentially be significant to the IPPs. Thus, the Utilities have not consolidated Kalaeloa and Hamakua Energy in its consolidated financial statements. However, Hamakua Energy is an indirect subsidiary of Pacific Current and is consolidated in HEI’s consolidated financial statements.

For the other PPAs with IPPs, the Utilities have concluded that the consolidation of the IPPs was not required because either the Utilities do not have variable interests in the IPPs due to the absence of an obligation in the PPAs for the Utilities to absorb any variability of the IPPs, or the IPP was considered a “governmental organization,” and thus excluded from the scope of accounting standards for VIEs. The consolidation of any significant IPP could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements, including the recognition of a significant amount of assets and liabilities and, if such a consolidated IPP were operating at a loss and had insufficient equity, the potential recognition of such losses. If the Utilities determine they are required to consolidate the financial statements of such an IPP and the consolidation has a material effect, the Utilities would retrospectively apply accounting standards for VIEs to the IPP.

Commitments and contingencies.

Contingencies. The Utilities are subject in the normal course of business to legal, regulatory and environmental proceedings. Excluding the potential liabilities from the Maui windstorm and wildfires, management does not anticipate that the aggregate ultimate liability arising out of these pending or threatened legal proceedings will be material to its financial position. However, the Utilities cannot rule out the possibility that such outcomes could have a material effect on the results of operations or liquidity for a particular reporting period in the future. The Utilities record loss contingencies when the outcome of such proceedings is probable and when the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. The Utilities also evaluate, on a continuous basis, whether developments in such proceedings could cause these assessments or estimates to change. Assessment regarding future events is required when evaluating whether a loss is probable or reasonably possible, and as to whether such loss or a range of such loss is estimable. Management is often unable to estimate a reasonably possible loss, or a range of loss, particularly in cases in which: (i) the damages sought are indeterminate or the basis for the damages claimed is not clear; (ii) proceedings are in early stages; (iii) discovery is not complete; (iv) the matters involve novel or unsettled legal theories; (v) significant facts are in dispute; (vi) a large number of parties are represented (including circumstances in which it is uncertain how liability, if any, would be shared among multiple defendants); (vii) a lower court or administrative agency’s decision or ruling has been appealed; and/or (viii) a wide range of potential outcomes exist. In such cases, there may be considerable uncertainty regarding the timing or ultimate resolution, including any possible loss, fine, penalty, or business impact.

August 2023 Maui windstorm and wildfires. See Note 2.

Hu Honua Bioenergy, LLC (Hu Honua). In May 2012, Hawaii Electric Light signed a PPA, which the PUC approved in December 2013, with Hu Honua for 21.5 MW of renewable, dispatchable firm capacity fueled by locally grown biomass from a facility on the island of Hawaii. Under the terms of the PPA, the Hu Honua plant was scheduled to be in service in 2016. However, Hu Honua encountered construction and litigation delays, which resulted in the termination of the original PPA. Following the termination, Hu Honua filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii. The parties reached a settlement that was conditioned on the PUC’s timely, non-appealable final approval of an amended and restated PPA dated May 9, 2017. On May 23, 2022, following a contested case hearing, the PUC issued a decision and order denying the amended and restated PPA, based on, among other things, findings that: (1) the project will result in significant greenhouse gas (GHG)

emissions, (2) Hu Honua’s proposed carbon commitment to sequester more GHG emissions than produced by the project are speculative and unsupported, (3) the amended and restated PPA is likely to result in high costs to customers through its relatively high cost of electricity and through potential displacement of other, lower cost, renewable resources, and (4) based on the foregoing, approving the amended and restated PPA is not prudent or in the public interest. On June 2, 2022, Hawaii Electric Light and Hu Honua filed their separate motions for reconsideration, which were denied by the PUC on June 24, 2022. On June 29, 2022, Hu Honua filed its notice of appeal to the Hawaii Supreme Court of the PUC’s May 23, 2022 decision and order denying the amended and restated PPA. On March 13, 2023, the Hawaii Supreme Court affirmed the PUC’s decision denying the amended and restated PPA between Hu Honua and Hawaii Electric Light and entered its judgment on appeal on April 12, 2023. On June 7, 2023, Hu Honua filed a status report with the U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii, stating, among other things, that because settlement of the underlying federal lawsuit was contingent on timely, non-appealable, final approval of the amended and restated PPA by the PUC, that the Hawaii Supreme Court’s opinion made fulfillment of the condition impossible, and therefore the settlement agreement between the Hawaiian Electric defendants (HEI, Hawaiian Electric, and Hawaii Electric Light) and Hu Honua is null and void and of no further effect. On November 16, 2023, Hu Honua filed its Motion for Leave to File Third Amended and Supplemental Complaint and for Permissive Joinder with the U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii, asking the court to grant it leave to file a Third Amended and Supplemental Complaint, which would amend its claims and addthree new proposed defendants. The hearing on this motion took place on February 14, 2024. The court issued a decision and order on the motion on April 2, 2024, which was consistent with Hawaii Electric Light's position, only allowing amendments that were agreed to and not allowing Hu Honua to add new claims or parties, effectively leaving Hu Honua with its previously-pled breach of contract and antitrust claims. Hu Honua filed its objection to the order on April 16, 2024 and the Hawaiian Electric defendants filed their response to the objection on April 30, 2024. A hearing on Hu Honua’s objection took place on July 30, 2024. On September 12, 2024, the court issued its decision affirming the April 2, 2024 order. Hu Honua filed its Third Amended and Supplemental Complaint on October 25, 2024, and after discussion with the Hawaiian Electric defendants and the court, filed its Amended Third Amended and Supplemental Complaint on December 3, 2024. The Hawaiian Electric defendants filed their Motion to Compel Arbitration on the contract claims and Motion to Dismiss the antitrust claims on January 7, 2025, and the matter is set for hearing on March 31, 2025.

Molokai New Energy Partners (MNEP). In July 2018, the PUC approved Maui Electric’s PPA with MNEP to purchase solar energy from a photovoltaic (PV) plus battery storage project. The 4.88 MW PV and 3 MW Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) project was to deliver no more than 2.64 MW at any time to the Molokai system. On March 25, 2020, MNEP filed a complaint in the United Stated District Court for the District of Hawaii against Maui Electric claiming breach of contract. On June 3, 2020, Maui Electric provided a Notice of Default and Termination of the PPA to MNEP terminating the PPA with an effective date of July 10, 2020. Thereafter, MNEP filed an amended complaint to include claims relating to the termination and Hawaiian Electric filed its answer to the amended complaint on September 11, 2020, disputing the facts presented by MNEP and all claims within the original and amended complaint. Currently, the discovery phase is ongoing.

Environmental regulation. The Utilities are subject to environmental laws and regulations that regulate the operation of existing facilities, the construction and operation of new facilities and the proper cleanup and disposal of hazardous waste and toxic substances.

Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, like other utilities, periodically encounter petroleum or other chemical releases associated with current or previous operations. The Utilities report and take action on these releases when and as required by applicable law and regulations. The Utilities believe the costs of responding to such releases identified to date will not have a material effect, individually or in the aggregate, on Hawaiian Electric’s consolidated results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

Former Molokai Electric Company generation site. In 1989, Maui Electric acquired Molokai Electric Company. Molokai Electric Company had sold its former generation site (Site) in 1983 but continued to operate at the Site under a lease until 1985 and left the property in 1987. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has since identified environmental impacts in the subsurface soil at the Site. In cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Health and EPA, Maui Electric further investigated the Site and the adjacent parcel to determine the extent of impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), residual fuel oils and other subsurface contaminants. Maui Electric has a reserve balance of $2.5 million as of December 31, 2024, representing the probable and reasonably estimable undiscounted cost for remediation of the Site and the adjacent parcel based on presently available information; however, final costs of remediation will depend on the cleanup approach implemented.

Pearl Harbor sediment study. In July 2014, the U.S. Navy notified Hawaiian Electric of the Navy’s determination that Hawaiian Electric is a Potentially Responsible Party under CERCLA responsible for the costs of investigation and cleanup of PCB contamination in sediment in the area offshore of the Waiau Power Plant as part of the Pearl Harbor Superfund Site. Hawaiian Electric was also required by the EPA to assess potential sources and extent of PCB contamination onshore at Waiau Power Plant.

As of December 31, 2024, thereserve account balance recorded by Hawaiian Electric to address the PCB contamination was $9.5 million. The reserve balance represents the probable and reasonably estimable undiscounted cost for the onshore and offshore investigation and remediation. The final remediation costs will depend on the actual onshore and offshore cleanup costs.

Endangered Species Act (ESA). The Utilities received a 60-day Notice under the federal Endangered Species Act, from Earthjustice on behalf of the American Bird Conservancy and Conservation Council for Hawaii (Conservation Groups) in January 2024. The 60-day Notice (Notice) is the pre-cursor to a citizen’s suit under the Endangered Species Act. The Notice alleges that the Utilities are out of compliance with the Act due to alleged impacts on endangered seabirds caused by the Utilities’ powerlines, street lights and facility lights on Maui and Lanai. At the time the Notice was served, the Utilities were already in the process of drafting a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) with respect to the powerlines and will be applying for associated state and federal take/license permits. Notwithstanding, the Notice asserts that the scope of the HCP should be broader and additional interim measures are necessary while the HCP and related permits are pending. After negotiations among the parties a complaint was filed on November 12, 2024, regarding the powerlines and on December 11, 2024, the Court approved a settlement agreement. Pursuant to that agreement the Utilities will continue the HCP process and take specific actions to minimize and mitigate the potential impact of the Utilities’ powerlines while the document is being prepared. The agreement also contains additional requirements that include coordination with the Conservation Groups with various aspects of the HCP and powerline operations, and continuing the Utilities’ commitment to a species mitigation project with University of Hawaii Foundation to monitor, protect and increase the population of Hawaiian Petrels. The street and facility lights aspect of the Notice was not resolved and a second complaint was filed on November 19, 2024 that includes the County of Maui as a party. At this time, the parties are engaging in settlement discussions and the Utilities are unable to determine the ultimate outcome or the amount of any possible loss.

Commitments.

Purchase commitments. As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities’ estimated future minimum payments pursuant to purchase obligations related to material contracts for the following five years and thereafter are as follows:

Firm capacity PPAs. The Utilities are committed to purchase from four firm capacity PPAs for a total of 368.7 megawatts (MW) of firm capacity, which expire at various dates through 2033.

Renewable dispatchable generation plug energy storage and energy storage PPAs. The Utilities also have long-term renewable PPAs with IPPs from the issuances of Stage 1 and 2 request for proposals in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The Utilities have additional annual payments of $28 million when three projects began commercial operations in 2024. As of December 31, 2024, a total ofseven projects provides the Utilities capacity of 219.5 MW, with 1,443 MWh batteries. The contracts expire at various dates through 2049.

Other renewable PPA. The Utilities also have a long-term renewable PPA that provides the Utilities capacity of 10.56 MW, which expires in 2046.

Fuel transportation lease contract. The Utilities entered into an inter-island fuel transportation contract, expiring in 2027.

The PUC has approved PPACs for the Utilities to recover purchased power capacity, operation and maintenance (O&M) and other non-energy costs related to all aforementioned PPAs. In addition, the Utilities are able to recover fuel component of the energy charges for firm capacity PPAs as well as costs associated to fuel transportation through ECRC.

In general, the Utilities base their payments under the PPAs upon available capacity and actual energy supplied and they are generally not required to make payments for capacity if the contracted capacity is not available, and payments are reduced, under certain conditions, if available capacity drops below contracted levels. In general, the payment rates for capacity have been predetermined for the terms of the agreements. The Utilities do not operate, or participate in the operation of, any of the facilities that provide power under the agreements. Title to the facilities does not pass to Hawaiian Electric or its subsidiaries upon expiration of the agreements, and the agreements do not contain bargain purchase options for the facilities.

Purchases from all IPPs were as follows:

1 The term of the PPA with AES Hawaii expired on September 1, 2022 and the AES Hawaii coal plant ceased operations.

2 Includes hydro power and other PPAs.

Utility projects. Many public utility projects require PUC approval and various permits from other governmental agencies. Difficulties in obtaining, or the inability to obtain, the necessary approvals or permits or community support can result in significantly increased project costs or even cancellation of projects. In the event a project does not proceed, or if it becomes probable the PUC will disallow cost recovery for all or part of a project, or if PUC-imposed caps on project costs are expected to be exceeded, project costs may need to be written off in amounts that could result in significant reductions in Hawaiian Electric’s consolidated net income.

Waena Switchyard/Synchronous Condenser Project. In October 2020, to support efforts to increase renewable energy generation and reduce fossil fuel consumption by deactivating current generating units, Maui Electric filed a PUC application to construct a switchyard, which includes the extension oftwo 69 kV transmission lines and the relocation of another 69 kV transmission line; and the conversion oftwo generating units to synchronous condensers at Kahului Power Plant in central Maui. In November 2021, the PUC approved Maui Electric’s request to commit funds estimated at $38.8 million for the project, and to recover capital expenditures for the project under Exceptional Project Recovery Mechanism (EPRM) not to exceed $38.8 million, which shall be further reduced to reflect the total project cost exclusive of overhead costs not directly attributable to the project. The Waena Switchyard was placed in service on October 25, 2023. Maui Electric petitioned and received from the State of Hawaii Department of Health aone-year extension to the mandatory retirement of Kahului Power Plant and there is now flexibility to operate the units until the end of 2028. The conversion of thetwo generating units will be performed after the retirement of Kahului Power Plant Units 3 and 4.

In approving the project, the PUC recognized that the project will facilitate the ability to accommodate increased renewable energy, as contemplated under the EPRM guidelines. As of December 31, 2024, $25.5 million has been incurred for the project.

Waena Battery Energy Storage System Project. In September 2020, Maui Electric filed a PUC application to purchase and install a 40 MW BESS at its Waena Site in Central Maui. In December 2023, the PUC approved Maui Electric’s request to commit funds estimated at $82.1 million, for the purchase and installation of the project, and to recover costs for the project under EPRM. Project costs incurred as of December 31, 2024 amount to $6.7 million.

Climate Adaptation Transmission and Distribution Resilience Program. The Utilities maintain that improving resiliency of the electric grid is an urgent matter and recognizes that climate change is making Hawaii increasingly vulnerable to sever weather events. On January 31, 2024, the PUC approved the Utilities’ request to commit an estimated $189.7 million in funds for the Climate Adaptation Transmission and Distribution Resilience Program, over a project period offive years. The project is to focus on, among other things, system hardening in wildfire risk areas to prevent ignition and to enable quicker response, video camera and weather monitors in wildfire risk areas and to add situational awareness, and strengthening transmission lines.

The project costs to be recovered through EPRM is subject to a cap of $95 million and any amount in excess will be subject to the PUC’s further review. On August 7, 2024, the Utilities received a notification from the U.S. Department of Energy that its application for $95 million in federal funds under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) was officially awarded. On August 20, 2024, the Utilities submitted a copy of their executed agreement with the Department of Energy to the PUC. On November 18, 2024, the Utilities filed their August 2024 - August 2025 Forward Looking Annual Report. Project costs incurred as of December 31, 2024 amount to $9.7 million.

In January 2025, President Trump issued multiple Executive Orders (EOs) that impact both IIJA and IRA funding. EO 14154 entitled Unleashing American Energy ordered to immediately pause disbursement of funds appropriated through IIJA and IRA grants, which is causing delays in processing the Utilities’ requests for reimbursement for the Resilience Program and may potentially lead to project delays and economic uncertainty. The EO entitled Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing resulted in the federal contracting officer ordering recipients to cease all diversity, equity and inclusion and community benefits plan activities funded by federal grants as of January 28, 2025, which could potentially impact the Utilities’ existing community benefits agreements with some third parties and commitments included in the Resilience Program project costs.

Asset retirement obligations. Asset retirement obligations (AROs) represent legal obligations associated with the retirement of certain tangible long-lived assets, are measured as the present value of the projected costs for the future retirement of specific assets and are recognized in the period in which the liability is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The Utilities’ recognition of AROs haveno impact on their earnings. The cost of the AROs is recovered over the life of the asset through depreciation. AROs recognized by the Utilities relate to legal obligations associated with the retirement of plant and equipment, including removal of asbestos and other hazardous materials.

The Utilities recorded AROs related to: 1) the removal of retired generating units, certain types of transformers and underground storage tanks; 2) the abandonment of fuel pipelines, underground injection and supply wells; and 3) the removal of equipment and restoration of leased land used in connection with Utility-owned renewable and dispatchable generation facilities.

Changes to the ARO liability included in “Other liabilities” on Hawaiian Electric’s balance sheet were as follows:

The Utilities have not recorded AROs for assets that are expected to operate indefinitely or where the Utilities cannot estimate a settlement date (or range of potential settlement dates). As such, ARO liabilities are not recorded for certain asset retirement activities, including various Utilities-owned generating facilities and certain electric transmission, distribution and telecommunications assets resulting from easements over property not owned by the Utilities.

Regulatory proceedings.

Decoupling. Decoupling is a regulatory model that is intended to provide the Utilities with financial stability and facilitate meeting the State of Hawaii’s goals to transition to a clean energy economy and achieve an aggressive renewable portfolio standard. Decoupling delinks the utility’s revenues from the utility’s sales, removing the disincentive to promote energy efficiency and accept more renewable energy. Decoupling continues under the PBR Framework.

Performance-based regulation framework. On December 23, 2020, the PUC issued a decision and order (PBR D&O) establishing the PBR Framework to govern the Utilities. The PBR Framework incorporates an annual revenue adjustment (ARA) and a suite of new regulatory mechanisms in addition to previously established regulatory mechanisms. Under the PBR Framework, the decoupling mechanism (i.e., the Revenue Balancing Account (RBA)) established by the previous regulatory framework will continue. The existing cost recovery mechanisms continued as previously implemented (e.g., the Energy Cost Recovery Clause, Purchased Power Adjustment Clause (PPAC), Demand-Side Management surcharge, Renewable Energy Infrastructure Program, Demand Response Adjustment Clause, Pension and Other Post-Employment Benefits (OPEB) tracking mechanisms). In addition to annual revenues provided by the ARA, the Utilities may seek relief for extraordinary projects or programs through the Exceptional Project Recovery Mechanism (EPRM) (formerly known as the Major Project Interim Recovery adjustment mechanism) and earn financial rewards for exemplary performance as provided through a portfolio of Performance Incentive Mechanisms (PIMs) and Shared Savings Mechanisms (SSMs). The PBR Framework incorporates a variety of additional performance mechanisms, including Scorecards, Reported Metrics, and an expedited Pilot Process. The PBR Framework also contains a number of safeguards, including a symmetric Earnings Sharing Mechanism (ESM) which protects the Utilities and customers from excessive earnings or losses, as measured by the Utilities’ achieved rate-making ROACE and a Re-Opener mechanism, under which the PUC will open an examination, at its discretion, to determine if adjustments or modifications to specific PBR mechanisms are appropriate. The PBR Framework became fully effective on June 1, 2021.

On June 17, 2022, the PUC issued a decision and order (June 2022 D&O) establishing additional PIMs under the PBR Framework for the Utilities. The June 2022 D&O approvedtwo PIMs, a SSM, and extended the timeframe for an existing PIM. Specifically, the PUC approved (1) a (penalty-only) generation-caused interruption reliability PIM, (2) a (penalty/reward) interconnection requirements study PIM, (3) a (reward-only) Collective Shared Savings Mechanism (CSSM), and (4) a modification and extension of the existing Interim Grid Services PIM (reward-only). On November 23, 2022, the PUC approved the Utilities’ proposed tariffs to implement the aforementioned PIMs with an effective date of January 1, 2023.

In addition, the June 2022 D&O instructed the Utilities to prepare and submit: a detailed fossil fuel retirement report (FF Retirement Report) outlining necessary steps to safely and reliably retire certain existing fossil fuel power plants during the first multi-year rate period (MRP); and a functional integration plan (FIP) for distributed energy resources (DER) to increase transparency into the Utilities’ plans and progress for utilizing cost-effective grid services from DERs and ensure that the necessary functionalities and requisite technologies are in place to do so. The PUC also instructed the PBR Working Group to continue its ongoing collaborative efforts to consider other potential new incentive mechanisms and to address other issues raised during the proceeding. On March 30, 2023, the PUC held a PBR Working Group coordination meeting to initiate subgroups on the Long-Term Grid Services PIM, modification/evaluation of existing PIMs, and comprehensive PBR Framework review priority topics.

In accordance with the June 2022 D&O, the Utilities filed their FIP on September 30, 2022, Long-Term Grid Services PIM proposal on July 3, 2023, and FF Retirement Report on October 11, 2024.

On October 16, 2023, the Utilities filed a request for limited suspension of the Transmission and Distribution (T&D) System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) PIM, the T&D System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) PIM, and the target heat rate provision of Maui Electric Maui Division’s Energy Cost Recovery Clause (ECRC) tariff starting from August 8, 2023. On December 28, 2023, the PUC issued an order granting a temporary suspension of Maui Electric’s T&D SAIDI and SAIFI PIMs and Maui Electric Maui Division’s target heat rate provision from August 8, 2023 through June 30, 2024, which the tariffs became effective on January 1, 2024.

On November 3, 2023, the Utilities, Ulupono Initiative LLC, and the County of Hawaii filed a stipulation on proposed modifications to the RPS-A, Call Center, AMI Utilization, and interconnection requirements study PIMs. On June 24, 2024, the PUC issued an order (1) approving modifications to the interconnection requirements study PIM to expand its application to firm generation projects effective August 1, 2024, (2) approving a consolidated target for the Call Center PIM and modifying the target performance based on the average of the Utilities’ performance, weighted by the number of calls for the last eight quarters as of December 31, 2023, effective August 1, 2024, (3) denying the proposed modifications to the RPS-A PIM and clarifying that it will continue to operate according to its existing tariff language; and (4) denying the proposed modifications to the AMI Utilization PIM and declining to extend the PIM beyond its scheduled sunset date of December 31, 2023.

On December 26, 2023, the PUC issued an order (1) confirming that the Interim Grid Services PIM will sunset on December 31, 2023, (2) extending the Interconnection Approval PIM through December 31, 2024, and (3) determining that it will continue examination of the Long-Term Grid Services PIM into 2024 as part of a broader examination that addresses barriers to the utilization of DERs to meet grid needs.

On April 1, 2024, the Utilities filed a request for partial temporary suspension and modification of the T&D SAIDI and T&D SAIFI PIMs to specifically suspend the T&D SAIDI and T&D SAIFI PIMs for wildfire risk circuits from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2025. The Utilities also proposed that circuits not identified as wildfire risk circuits would continue to be subject to the existing PIMs on a prorated basis. On December 18, 2024, as clarified on January 15, 2025, the PUC issued orders granting the Utilities’ request to suspend the T&D SAIDI and T&D SAIFI PIMs for wildfire risk circuits from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2025.

On June 19, 2024, the PUC issued an order (June 2024 order) providing preliminary guidance regarding the comprehensive evaluation of the PBR Framework that will commence in the fourth year of the PBR Framework’s first MRP (PBR Framework Review). The PUC has developed a high-level review structure and timeline for the PBR Framework Review and divided the remainder of the first MRP into three phases: (i) the evaluation of the current PBR Framework, (ii) the examination of proposal for modifications to the PBR Framework, and (iii) the implementation of modifications prior to commencing the second MRP. At the PBR Working Group meeting held on June 26, 2024, the PUC staff solicited the parties’ feedback on the scope of the PBR Framework Review and discussed other considerations, including rebasing target revenues. On July 19, 2024, as requested by the PUC staff, the parties filed written feedback to materials presented and discussed at the June Working Group meeting and in the June 2024 order.

On July 30, 2024, the PUC issued an order providing further guidance on the first of the three phases of the PBR Framework Review established by the June 2024 order. The first phase will focus on the evaluation of the individual PBR mechanisms using an informal, collaborative process. Parties will submit briefing on their evaluation of the individual PBR mechanisms near the end of the first phase, followed by a decision and order summarizing the findings of the evaluation, including which PBR mechanisms will be subject to additional examination and potential modification in the second phase of the PBR Framework Review. At the PBR Working Group meetings held on August 30, 2024 and October 25, 2024, the Working Group discussed issues and considerations regarding re-basing target revenues for the next MRP. Series of PBR Working Group meetings are expected to be held with the parties. Timely briefs addressing the issues of whether and how to rebase target revenues were filed on December 5, 2024. Pending the PUC’s review and issuance of an Order on the briefings, the PBR Working Group will continue its evaluation of the PBR Framework as part of this proceeding.

Annual revenue adjustment mechanism. The PBR Framework established afive-year MRP during which there will be no general rate cases. Target revenues will be adjusted according to an index-driven ARA based on (i) an inflation factor, (ii) a predetermined X-factor to encompass productivity, which is set at zero, (iii) a Z-factor to account for exceptional circumstances not in the Utilities’ control and (iv) a customer dividend consisting of a negative adjustment of 0.22% of adjusted revenue requirements compounded annually and a flow through of the “pre-PBR” savings commitment from the management audit recommendations developed in a prior docket at a rate of $6.6 million per year from 2021 to 2025. The ARA mechanism replaced the previous revenue adjustment mechanism (RAM). RAM revenue adjustments approved by the PUC in 2020 will continue to be included in the RBA provision’s target revenue and RBA rate adjustment to the extent such adjustments are not included in base rate unless modified with PUC approval. The implementation of the ARA occurred on June 1, 2021.

Earnings sharing mechanism. The PBR Framework established a symmetrical ESM for achieved rate-making ROACE outside of a 300 basis points deadband above or below the current authorized ROACE of 9.5% for each of the Utilities. There is a 50/50 sharing between customers and Utilities for the achieved rate-making ROACE falling within 150 basis points outside of the deadband in either direction, and a 90/10 sharing for any further difference. A reopening or review of the PBR terms may be triggered if the Utilities credit rating outlook indicates a potential credit downgrade below investment grade status, or if its achieved rate-making ROACE enters the outer most tier of the ESM.

On August 31, 2023, the PUC issued an order temporarily suspending the ESM until further notice. The intent of the order is to address the unintended consequence of customers potentially bearing the costs associated with the Maui windstorm and wildfires through the operation of the ESM without prior PUC review.

Exceptional project recovery mechanism. Prior to the implementation of the PBR Framework, the PUC established the Major Project Interim Recovery (MPIR) adjustment mechanism and MPIR Guidelines. The MPIR mechanism provides the opportunity to recover revenues for net costs of approved eligible projects placed in service between general rate cases. In establishing the PBR Framework, the MPIR Guidelines were terminated and replaced with the EPRM Guidelines. Although the MPIR Guidelines were terminated and replaced by the EPRM Guidelines, the MPIR mechanism will continue within the PBR Framework to provide recovery of project costs previously approved for recovery under the MPIR. The established EPRM Guidelines permit the Utilities to include the full amount of approved costs in the EPRM for recovery in the first year the project goes into service, pro-rated for the portion of the year the project is in service. Deferred and O&M expense projects are also eligible for EPRM recovery under the EPRM Guidelines. EPRM recoverable costs will be limited to the lesser of actual incurred project costs or PUC-approved amounts, net of savings.

As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities annualized MPIR and EPRM revenue amounts totaled $38.0 million, including revenue taxes, for the Schofield Generating Station ($16.1 million), West Loch PV project ($3.2 million), Grid Modernization Strategy (GMS) Phase 1 project ($16.1 million for all three utilities), Waiawa UFLS project ($0.1 million) and Waena Switchyard/Synchronous project ($2.5 million) that included the 2024 return on project amount (based on approved amounts) in rate base, depreciation and incremental O&M expenses. The PUC approved the Utilities’ recovery of the annualized 2024 MPIR and EPRM amounts for the Schofield Generating Station, West Loch PV, GMS Phase 1, Waiawa UFLS and Waena Switchyard projects effective June 1, 2024 through the RBA rate adjustment.

As of December 31, 2024, the PUC approved four EPRM applications for projects totaling $218.5 million to the extent the project costs are not included in rates. Currently, the Utilities are seeking EPRM recovery fortwo additional projects with total project costs up to $294.2 million, subject to PUC approval.

Pilot process. As part of the PBR Framework, the PUC approved a pilot process to foster innovation by establishing an expedited implementation process for pilots that tests new technologies, programs, business models, and other arrangements (Pilot Process). Under the Pilot Process, the Utilities submit specific pilot proposals (Pilot Notices) that are within the scope of the approved Workplan to the PUC for their expedited review. The PUC will strive to issue an order addressing a proposed pilot within 45 days of the filing date of a Pilot Notice. If the PUC does not take affirmative action on a Pilot Notice by the end of the 45-day period, the Pilot Notice will be considered approved as submitted. The PUC may modify the pilot as originally proposed, and the Utilities will have 15 days to notify the PUC whether the Utilities accept the modification, propose further modification, or withdraw the Pilot Notice. The PUC may also, where necessary, suspend the Pilot Notice for further investigation.

The approved Pilot Process includes a cost recovery process that generally allows the Utilities to defer and recover total annual expenditures of approved pilot projects net of revenues, subject to an annual cap of $10 million, over 12 months beginning June 1 of the year following pilot implementation through the RBA rate adjustment, although the PUC may determine on a case-by-case basis that a particular project’s deferred costs should be amortized over a period greater than 12 months.

On March 11, 2024, the Utilities filed their annual Pilot Update report covering pilot projects that were active during 2023, including reporting on pilot projects that were initiated prior to the commencement of the Pilot Process. The Pilot Update reported on approximately $3.0 million of 2023 recorded pilot project costs including revenue taxes for the Utilities. The 2023 recorded pilot project costs were included in the Utilities’ proposed adjustments to target revenue in the 2024 spring revenue report filed on March 28, 2024.

On December 4, 2024, the Utilities requested PUC approval to extend the Charge Ready Hawaii and the eBus Make‑Ready Infrastructure pilots beyond their current implementation schedule end dates by approximately 12 months, from December 31, 2025 to December 31, 2026. On February 6, 2025, the PUC approved the pilot extension requests.

Performance incentive mechanisms. The following PIMs and SSMs were approved by the PUC and are applicable for the 2024 evaluation period.

•Service Quality performance incentives (ongoing). Service Quality performance incentives are measured on a calendar-year basis. The PIM tariff requires the performance targets, deadbands and the amount of maximum financial incentives used to determine the PIM financial incentive levels for each of the PIMs to remain constant in interim periods, unless otherwise amended by order of the PUC.

•Service Reliability Performance measured by Transmission and Distribution-caused SAIDI and SAIFI (penalties only). Target performance is based on each utility’s historical 10-year average performance with a deadband of one standard deviation. The maximum penalty for each performance index is 20 basis points applied to the common equity share of each respective utility’s approved rate base prorated by the circuit customer count of Non-Wildfire Risk Circuits divided by the 2023 annual average total system customer count (or maximum penalties of approximately $3.6 million for calendar years 2024 and 2025 - for both indices in total for the three utilities). On December 18, 2024, as clarified on January 15, 2025, the PUC granted the Utilities’ request to suspend the T&D SAIDI and SAIFI PIMs for wildfire risk circuits from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2025. Circuits not identified as wildfire risk circuits continue to be subject to the existing PIMs and measured effective January 1, 2024. For the 2024 evaluation period, the Utilities accrued $1.0 million in penalties.

•Call Center Performance measured by the percentage of calls answered within 30 seconds. The previous target performance was based on the annual average performance for each utility for the most recent eight quarters with a deadband of 3% above and below the target. On June 24, 2024, the PUC issued an order approving a consolidated target for the Call Center PIM and modifying the target performance based on the average of the Utilities’ performance, weighted by the number of calls for the last eight quarters as of December 31, 2023, to be effective August 1, 2024. The maximum penalty or reward is 8 basis points applied to the common equity share of each respective utility’s approved rate base (or maximum penalties or rewards of approximately $1.4 million - in total for the three utilities). For the 2024 evaluation period, the Utilities did not make any accruals.

•Phase 1 RFP PIM. Procurement of low-cost variable renewable resources through the RFP process in 2018 is measured by comparison of the procurement price to target prices. The first portion of the incentive was earned upon PUC approval of the PPAs. Based on theseven PPAs approved in 2019, the Utilities recognized $1.7 million in 2019 with the remaining award to be recognized in the year following the in-service date of the projects prorated in proportion to the actual amount of energy utilized, which is estimated to occur from 2023 to 2025. Based on the in-service date oftwo projects, the Utilities earned the second portion of the incentive of approximately $0.1 million (for Hawaiian Electric) in rewards in both 2023 and the first quarter of 2024. In the second quarter of 2024, the Utilities earned the second portion of the incentive of approximately $0.1 million (for Hawaii Electric Light).

•Renewable portfolio standard (RPS) - A PIM that provides a financial reward for accelerating the achievement of RPS goals. The Utilities may earn a reward for the amount of system generation above the interpolated statutory RPS goal at $20/MWh in 2021 and 2022, $15/MWh in 2023, and $10/MWh for the remainder of the MRP. Penalties are already prescribed in the RPS as $20/MWh for failing to meet RPS targets in 2030, 2040 and 2045. The evaluation period commenced on January 1, 2021. For the 2024 evaluation period, the Utilities accrued $1.9 million in rewards.

•Interconnection Approval PIM that provides financial rewards and penalties for interconnection times for DER systems <100 kW in size. The Interconnection Approval PIM extends through December 31, 2024. The Utilities can earn a total annual maximum reward of $3.0 million or a total annual maximum penalty of $0.9 million. For the 2024 evaluation period, the Utilities accrued $2.4 million in rewards.

•Low-to-Moderate Income (LMI) Energy Efficiency PIM that provided financial rewards for collaboration between the Utilities and the third-party Public Benefits Fee Administrator to deliver energy savings for low- and moderate-income customers. The Utilities could earn a total annual maximum reward of $2.0 million. The evaluation period was based on Hawaii Energy’s program year with the initial evaluation year being the period of July 1, 2021 through June 30,

2022 and ended the period ending June 30, 2024. The Utilities earned $0.01 million in rewards for the program period ending June 30, 2023.

•Generation-caused System Average Interruption Duration and Frequency Indexes PIMs to incentivize achievement of generation-based reliability targets, measured by Generation System Average Interruption Duration and Frequency Indexes (penalties only). Target performance is based on each utility’s historical 10-year average performance with a deadband of one standard deviation. The maximum penalty for each performance index is 3 basis points applied to the common equity share of each respective utility’s approved rate base (or maximum penalties of approximately $1 million - for both indices in total for the three utilities). For the 2024 evaluation period, the Utilities accrued $0.1 million in penalties (for Hawaii Electric Light).

•An interconnection requirements study PIM to incentivize the timely completion of the IRS process for large-scale renewable energy projects (rewards and penalties) measured by the number of months between final model checkout and delivery of IRS results to the developer. Target performance isten months with an asymmetrical deadband oftwo-months for penalties and no deadband for rewards. The maximum penalty and reward will depend on the specifics of the upcoming procurement. For the 2024 evaluation period, the Utilities did not make any accruals.

•A CSSM to incentivize cost control over the Utilities’ fuel, purchased power, and EPRM/MPIR costs (collectively, non-ARA costs). This is a reward only incentive where the Utilities retain 20% share of savings when non-ARA costs in a performance year are lower than target year non-ARA costs, which are adjusted for changes in fuel prices, inflation, and system generation from a base year (calendar year 2021). The CSSM does not have a potential penalty and does not have a cap for maximum reward. For the 2024 evaluation period, the Utilities accrued $2.8 million in rewards (for Hawaii Electric Light).

For the 2024 evaluation period, the Utilities accrued $6.2 million ($2.5 million for Hawaiian Electric, $3.4 million for Hawaii Electric Light and $0.3 million for Maui Electric) in rewards net of penalties. The net rewards related to 2024 will be reflected in the 2025 PIMS annual report and 2025 spring revenue report filings with the exception of the Phase 1 RFP PIM for Hawaiian Electric and Hawaii Electric Light, which were reflected in the 2024 spring revenue report and 2024 fall revenue report filings, respectively.

Annual review cycle. PBR D&O established an annual review cycle for revenue adjustments under the PBR Framework, including the biannual submission of the revenue reports. On December 17,2024, the PUC approved the Utilities’ 2024 fall revenue report filed on October 28, 2024. The filing reflected ARA revenues for 2025 to be collected from January 1 through December 31, 2025, as follows:

The net incremental amounts between the 2024 spring and fall revenue reports are shown in the following table. The amounts are to be collected (refunded) from January 1 through December 31, 2025 under the RBA rate tariffs, which were included in the 2024 fall revenue report filing.

Consolidating financial information. Consolidating financial information for Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries are presented for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, and as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

On March 21, 2024, Hawaiian Electric formed HE AR INTER LLC and its direct consolidated subsidiary, HE BRWR LLC, which were established to pursue financing through a secured asset-based (accounts receivable) credit facility.

Hawaiian Electric unconditionally guarantees Hawaii Electric Light’s and Maui Electric’s obligations (a) to the State of Hawaii for the repayment of principal and interest on Special Purpose Revenue Bonds issued for the benefit of Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric and (b) under their respective private placement note agreements and the Hawaii Electric Light notes and Maui Electric notes issued thereunder. Hawaiian Electric is also obligated, after the satisfaction of its obligations on its own preferred stock, to make dividend, redemption and liquidation payments on Hawaii Electric Light’s and Maui Electric’s preferred stock if the respective subsidiary is unable to make such payments.

Consolidating balance sheet

December 31, 2024

Consolidating balance sheet (continued)

December 31, 2024

Consolidating balance sheet

December 31, 2023

Consolidating balance sheet (continued)

December 31, 2023

Consolidating statements of changes in common stock equity

Explanation of consolidating adjustments on consolidating schedules:

[1] Eliminations of intercompany receivables and payables and other intercompany transactions

[2] Elimination of investment in subsidiaries, carried at equity

Note 5. Discontinued operations

As a result of a comprehensive review of strategic options of ASB, on December 30, 2024, HEI, ASB, and ASB Hawaii, a wholly owned subsidiary of HEI and ASB’s parent holding company, entered into investment agreements to sell 90.1% of the common stock of ASB, amounting to $405.5 million, to various investors including certain ASB officers and directors of ASB, while retaining a 9.9% noncontrolling investment in ASB amounting to $44.6 million. The sale transaction closed on December 31, 2024 and no investor acquired more than 9.9% of the common stock of ASB. The proceeds from the sale will be used to primarily strengthen the Company’s balance sheet and promote long-term financial stability which may include partially paying down its long-term debt, funding the wildfire settlement amount, and/or for other corporate purposes.

The sale of ASB met the accounting requirements to be disclosed as discontinued operations. Accordingly, the results of ASB, including the loss on the ASB sale, are presented as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of income and cash flows, and have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. Further, the assets and liabilities associated with ASB have been classified as discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023.

The Company recorded a net loss on the sale transaction amounting to $115.8 million, which is net of a $2.4 million tax benefit, and is included in “Income (loss) from discontinued operations” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. The tax benefit includes a valuation allowance of $66.4 million recorded against the related deferred tax assets generated in connection with the sale transaction as it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will not be realized. See Note 13. A summary of the ASB sale transaction as of December 31, 2024 is as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2024, total noncash transactions of the ASB sale amounted to $507.8 million comprised of the derecognized net assets of ASB, the Company’s investment retained in ASB, accrued transaction costs and other noncash transactions.

The following table summarizes the income (loss) from discontinued operations included in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods presented:

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on a stand alone basis as of December 31, 2023:

1 The total assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on a stand alone basis in the table above does not agree to the total assets and liabilities of discontinued operations included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, as totals per the Consolidated Balance sheet include reclassifying entries required for consolidation purposes.

Note 6 · Short-term borrowings

Commercial paper and bank term loan. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, HEI and Hawaiian Electric hadno commercial paper outstanding.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, HEI hadfour andfive undrawn letters of credit outstanding, respectively, in the aggregate amount of $6 million and $8 million, respectively, on behalf of Mauo and Hamakua Energy.

HEI term loan. On October 20, 2022, HEI entered into a term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $100 million. On December 28, 2022, HEI drew $35 million on the term loan and on March 31, 2023, HEI drew the remaining $65 million at an initial interest rate of 5.81% for an initial one month interest period. On May 31, 2023, HEI fully repaid the term loan facility at which time it was terminated. Borrowings under the facility bore interest at Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), as defined in the agreement, plus an applicable margin and a SOFR spread adjustment. The term loan facility contained certain restrictive financial covenants that were substantially the same as the financial covenants contained in the HEI credit facility.

Hawaiian Electric term loan. On December 30, 2024, Hawaiian Electric entered into a term loan credit agreement for a $50 million commitment with a stated maturity date of December 29, 2025. Hawaiian Electric drew $50 million on December 30, 2024 at an interest rate of 7.50%. The term loan facility contains certain restrictive financial covenants that are substantially the same as the financial covenants contained in the Hawaiian Electric credit facilities.

Credit agreements. On May 14, 2021, HEI and Hawaiian Electric each entered into a separate agreement with a syndicate ofnine financial institutions (the HEI Facility and Hawaiian Electric Facility, respectively, and together, the Credit Facilities) to amend and restate their respective previously existing revolving unsecured credit agreements. The $175 million HEI Facility’s initial termination date was May 14, 2026. The $200 million Hawaiian Electric Facility’s initial termination date was May 13, 2022, but on February 18, 2022, the PUC approved Hawaiian Electric’s request to extend the term of the $200 million Hawaiian Electric Facility to May 14, 2026. In addition to extending the term, Hawaiian Electric also received PUC approval to exercise its options oftwo one-year extensions of the commitment termination date and to increase its aggregate revolving commitment amount from $200 million to $275 million, should there be a need.

On April 21, 2023, HEI and Hawaiian Electric executed Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Facilities (Amendment). The Amendment was executed to reflect the transition from the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) to the Term SOFR as the benchmark interest rate for non-Alternate Base Rate (ABR) Loans under the Credit Facilities.

On May 14, 2023, HEI and Hawaiian Electric exercised their first oftwo, one-year extensions to the commitment termination date with eight of thenine financial institutions to extend the Credit Facilities to May 14, 2027. The committed capacities under the HEI Facility and Hawaiian Electric Facility are $175 million and $200 million, respectively, through May 14, 2026, and step down to approximately $157 million and $180 million, respectively, through May 14, 2027 (see Note 7).

In August 2023, HEI and Hawaiian Electric drew the full committed capacity on their respective existing revolving credit facilities, totaling $175 million and $200 million, respectively. The draws were made to provide access to liquidity and support the Company’s restoration efforts on Maui. The cash proceeds were primarily invested in highly liquid short-term investments, and for general corporate purposes. None of the facilities are collateralized. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, HEI had $173 million and $175 million drawn on its revolving facility, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Hawaiian Electric had $166 million and $200 million drawn on its revolving facility, respectively.

Under the Credit Facilities, draws generally bear interest, based on each company’s respective current long-term credit ratings, at the “Adjusted Term SOFR Rate,” as defined in the Credit Facilities, plus 175.0 basis points for HEI and Hawaiian Electric, and incur annual fees on undrawn commitments, excluding swingline borrowings, at the rate of 30.0 basis points for HEI and Hawaiian Electric.

Additionally, the Credit Facilities contain provisions for pricing adjustments in the event of a long-term ratings change based on the respective Facility’s ratings-based pricing grid, which includes the ratings by Fitch, Moody’s and S&P. The Credit Facilities do not contain clauses that would affect access to the Credit Facilities by reason of a ratings downgrade, nor do they have broad “material adverse change” clauses. In addition, the Credit Facilities contain provisions for potential annual pricing adjustments to the Term Benchmark or Alternate Base Rate margin on draws and fees on undrawn commitments of up to +/-5 basis points and +/-1 basis point, respectively, based on performance against certain sustainability-linked metrics. The sustainability-linked metrics include achievement of renewable portfolio standards in excess of statutory requirements and increasing cumulative penetration of installed MWs of photovoltaic systems on residential rooftops.

The Credit Facilities also include updated terms and conditions customary for facilities of this type and contain customary conditions that must be met in order to draw on them, including compliance with covenants (such as covenants preventing HEI’s and Hawaiian Electric’s respective subsidiaries from entering into agreements that restrict the ability of such subsidiaries to pay dividends to, or to repay borrowings from, HEI or Hawaiian Electric, as applicable; and a covenant in Hawaiian Electric’s facility restricting Hawaiian Electric’s ability, as well as the ability of any of its subsidiaries, to guarantee additional indebtedness of the subsidiaries if such additional debt would cause the subsidiary’s “Consolidated Subsidiary Funded Debt to Capitalization Ratio” (as defined in the Hawaiian Electric Facility) to exceed 65%).

Under the HEI Facility, it is an event of default if HEI fails to maintain an unconsolidated “Capitalization Ratio” (funded debt) (as defined in the HEI Facility) of 50% or less or if HEI sells Hawaiian Electric. Under the Hawaiian Electric Facility, it is an event of default if Hawaiian Electric fails to maintain a “Consolidated Capitalization Ratio” (equity) (as defined in the Hawaiian Electric Facility) of at least 35%, or if Hawaiian Electric is no longer owned by HEI.

Under the HEI and Hawaiian Electric Intercompany Borrowing and Investment Policy effective January 1, 2020 (the Intercompany Borrowing Policy), HEI has committed to make revolving short-term loans to Hawaiian Electric pursuant to the terms set forth in the standing commitment letter dated December 6, 2024 (the 2024 Commitment Letter). For loans that mature on or before December 5, 2025, the 2024 Commitment Letter provides a borrowing limit of $75 million outstanding at any time and the applicable interest rate. Hawaiian Electric currently has no borrowings under the Intercompany Borrowing Policy and the 2024 Commitment Letter.

Asset-based lending facility credit agreement. On May 17, 2024, Hawaiian Electric, through a special-purpose subsidiary, entered into an asset-based lending facility (ABL Facility) credit agreement (ABL Credit Facility Agreement) with several banks, which, subject to the limitations and conditions set forth in such agreement, including approval by the PUC, allows borrowings of up to $250 million on a revolving basis using certain accounts receivable as collateral. Hawaiian Electric filed an application with the PUC for approval to (i) sell accounts receivable, and (ii) establish a long-term credit facility. The first approval would allow the ABL Credit Facility Agreement to become effective for 364 days and the second approval would extend the term of the ABL Credit Facility Agreement from 364 days tothree years. The ABL Credit Facility Agreement has an initial term of 364 days, with an automatic extension tothree years upon receipt of the second PUC approval, with three separate options to extendone additional year, subject to the consent of the lenders. Hawaiian Electric received the first and second approvals from the PUC for the ABL Credit Facility Agreement that allows short-term and long-term borrowings of up to $250 million on June 27, 2024 and October 11, 2024, respectively, subject to the availability of a sufficient borrowing base of eligible receivables. The ABL Facility became effective on July 24, 2024. The ABL Facility remains undrawn as of December 31, 2024.

The amount that could be borrowed is temporarily limited due to the accrual of the wildfire tort-related claims, which reduces the amount of additional debt that could be incurred before exceeding certain financial covenants. The amount that could be drawn as of December 31, 2024 was approximately $150 million and will increase over time as earnings are generated and when HEI contributes equity related to the settlement payments or for capital expenditures.

Note 7 · Long-term debt

1 See components of “Total long-term debt” and unamortized debt issuance costs in Hawaiian Electric and subsidiaries’ Consolidated Statements of Capitalization.

2 Secured by real and personal property of the respective entity, including various land parcels, a 60-MW combined cycle facility, photovoltaic and battery storage infrastructure, and a biomass plant. The aggregate net book value of the collateralized property, plant & equipment is approximately $165 million as of December 31, 2024.

3 As of July 1, 2023, LIBOR was replaced by the term SOFR plus the applicable margin of 1.375%, plus an additional 0.10% replacement rate adjustment. On February 8, 2024, the outstanding loan balance was fully paid and the loan was terminated.

4 In February 2024, the final tranche of the non-recourse loan was drawn. The notes bear interest at SOFR plus 1.7%. In connection with the non-recourse notes drawn under the credit agreement, Mauo entered into interest rate swaps that effectively convert the rate on the floating rate notes to fixed rates of 4.91% and 5.10%. As of December 31, 2024, the weighted-average interest rate was 5.07%, and as of December 31, 2023, the fixed rate was 4.91%.

5 As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted-average interest rate was 2.14% and 1.90%, respectively.

6 The interest rate is based on term SOFR plus the applicable margin of 1.75%, reduced by a 0.05% sustainability margin adjustment, plus an additional 0.10% spread adjustment. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted-average interest rate was 6.89% and 7.19%, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate principal payments required on the Company’s long-term debt for 2025 through 2029 are $110 million in 2025, $153 million in 2026, $435 million in 2027, $274 million in 2028 and $51 million in 2029. As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate payments of principal required on the Utilities’ long-term debt for 2025 through 2029 are $47 million in 2025, $125 million in 2026, $266 million in 2027, $68 million in 2028 and $35 million in 2029.

The HEI term loans and senior notes contain customary representation and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default (the occurrence of which may result in some or all of the notes then outstanding becoming immediately due and payable). The HEI term loans and senior notes also contain provisions requiring the maintenance by HEI of certain financial ratios generally consistent with those in HEI’s revolving unsecured credit facility, as amended. Upon a change of control or certain dispositions of assets (as defined in the note purchase agreements of the senior notes), HEI is required to offer to prepay the senior notes.

The Utilities’ senior notes contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default (the occurrence of which may result in some or all of the notes of each and all of the utilities then outstanding becoming immediately due and payable) and provisions requiring the maintenance by Hawaiian Electric, and each of Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, of certain financial ratios generally consistent with those in Hawaiian Electric’s existing, amended revolving unsecured credit agreement.

Changes in long-term debt. As of December 31, 2024, HEI and Hawaiian Electric were in compliance with all applicable financial covenants.

HEI and Hawaiian Electric’s Credit Facilities. See Note 6 for more information.

Mahipapa non-recourse loan. In March 2024, a fire destroyed the cooling tower at the Mahipapa facility on Kauai. The fire was ignited from a vendor’s welding activities being performed on the cooling tower during its scheduled maintenance. As a result, the lender granted Mahipapa a deferral ofthree scheduled (July, September and December 2024) principal and interest payments totaling $5 million. The deferred payments will be repaid in quarterly payments commencing in March 2025. The facility was restarted in December 2024.

Note 8 · Shareholders’ equity

Reserved shares. As of December 31, 2024, HEI had a total of 27.5 million of authorized and unissued shares of common stock available for future issuance under the HEI Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (DRIP), the Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings Plan (HEIRSP), the HEI 2011 Nonemployee Director Stock Plan, the 2010 Equity and Incentive Plan, as amended, and at-the-market offering program.

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). Changes in the balances of each component of AOCI were as follows:

Reclassifications out of AOCI were as follows:

Note 9 · Leases

The Company leases certain real estate and equipment for various terms under long-term lease agreements. The agreements expire at various dates through 2054 and provide for renewal options up to 10 years. The periods associated with the renewal options are excluded for the purpose of determining the lease term unless the exercise of the renewal option is reasonably certain. In the normal course of business, it is expected that many of these agreements will be replaced by similar agreements. Certain real estate leases require the Company to pay for operating expenses such as common area maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance, which are recognized as variable lease expense when incurred and are not included in the measurement of the lease liability. The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all of its leases that qualify, and accordingly, does not recognize lease liabilities and ROU assets for all leases that have lease terms that are 12 months or less. The amounts related to short-term leases are not material. The Company elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for its real estate and equipment and fossil fuel and renewable energy PPAs and to separate lease components from non-lease components for renewable energy plus battery storage PPAs.

The Utilities contract with independent power producers to supply energy under long-term power purchase agreements. Certain PPAs are treated as operating leases under the lease standard because the Company elected the practical expedient package under which prior conclusions about lease identification were not reassessed. The fixed capacity payments under the PPAs are included in the lease liability, while the variable lease payments (e.g., payments based on kWh) are excluded from the lease liability. Several as-available PPAs have variable-only payment terms based on production. For PPAs with no minimum lease payments, the Utilities do not recognize any lease liabilities or ROU assets, and the related costs are reported as variable lease costs.

The Utilities’ lease payments for each operating lease agreement were discounted using its estimated unsecured borrowing rates for the appropriate term, increased for the estimated impact of collateral, which is an increase of approximately 500 basis points.

The Utilities account for the battery portion of renewable energy plus storage and energy storage PPAs as leases at their commencement dates. As of December 31, 2024, the Utilities recognized additional finance lease liabilities with corresponding

ROU assets of $104.9 million, including AES West Oahu Solar, AES Kuihelani Solar and Kupono Solar project that began commercial operations during the year. The timing of the Utilities’ recognition of the expense conforms to ratemaking treatment for the Utilities’ recovery of the cost of electricity and is included in purchased power for the interest and amortization of financing leases related to PPAs. Any material differences between expense recognition and timing of payments are deferred as a regulatory asset or liability in order to match what is being recovered for ratemaking purposes.

Amounts related to the Company’s total lease cost and cash flows arising from lease transactions are as follows: