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COUSINS PROPERTIES INC

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 5, 2026.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Feb 5, 2026

CUZ$29.60+0.3%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-02-06.

0000025232-25-000012

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-02-05.

0000025232-26-000014

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 143 previous paragraphs and 150 current paragraphs.

97 unchanged; 34 reworded; 17 added; 12 removed; 0 previous and 2 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 10 previous and 12 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (17)

Current report

During 2025, we completed the strategic acquisition of an operating property, The Link, a 292,000 square foot lifestyle office property in Uptown Dallas, for a purchase price of $218.0 million. We also received repayment at par for two investments in real estate debt, secured by interests, respectively in Saint Ann Court in Dallas and Radius in Nashville of $138.0 million and $12.8 million, respectively, as well as loaned our Neuhoff joint venture partner $19.6 million at an interest rate of SOFR plus 625 basis points which the partner used to fund their portion of the joint venture loan repayment. Finally, we sold our bankruptcy claim with SVB Financial group for $4.6 million.

Current report

During 2025, we completed an offering of the public senior notes maturing in 2030 generating net proceeds of $496.9 million to fund the acquisition of the Link and to pay off $250 million of privately placed senior notes. In conjunction with our loan to our joint venture partner mentioned above, the joint venture amended its existing Neuhoff construction loan, repaying $39.2 million of the outstanding principal, extending the maturity date to September 2026, and lowering the spread over SOFR to 300 basis points from 345 basis points. The joint venture has an option to extend the maturity date an additional 12 months, subject to conditions. Additionally, we sold 2.9 million shares under Forward Sales contracts at an average price of $30.44 per share. The future net settlement proceeds will be $88.5 million.

Current report

Leases representing 35% and 32% of the square footage of our occupied portfolio as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, had early termination options at some point in their lease terms, all of which require a fee for early termination. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, five and three tenants representing 391,000 and 170,000 square feet, respectively, exercised early termination options in their leases. The early termination fee recognized in rental property revenues on these leases during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $2.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively.

Current report

Non-Same Property Rental Property Revenues, Rental Property Operating Expenses, and NOI increased between 2025 and 2024 primarily due tothe acquisitions of our Vantage South End and Sail Tower office properties in December 2024 as well as the acquisition of The Link in July 2025.

Current report

NOI for the Austin market increased $50.7 million, or 26.4%, between 2025 and 2024 primarily due to the acquisition of Sail Tower in December 2024. NOI for the Charlotte market increased $21.8 million, or 51.7%, primarily due to the acquisition of Vantage South End in December 2024. NOI from the Dallas market increased $8.7 million, or 62.2%, primarily due to the acquisition of The Link in July 2025.

Current report

Other income increased $4.0 million, or 55.4%, between 2025 and 2024 primarily due to the sale of our Silicon Valley Bank ("SVB") bankruptcy claim in the first quarter of 2025 and interest income earned on the proceeds from the offering of the 2030 Notes prior to the repayment of the $250 million privately placed senior notes, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from investments in real estate debt driven by the repayment from our borrowers on two of our real estate debt investments. The SVB and investment in real estate debt transactions are described in further detail in notes 5 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-K.

Current report

Non-Same Property depreciation and amortization increased between 2025 and 2024 primarily due to the acquisitions of Sail Tower and Vantage South End in December 2024, the acquisition of The Link in July 2025, and the completion of development at Domain 9.

Current report

The following table reconciles loss from unconsolidated joint ventures to unconsolidated NOI for each of the periods presented ($ in thousands):

Current report

In June 2025, CPLP issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.250% senior unsecured notes. Upon issuance of the 2030 Notes, CPLP received proceeds of $499.9 million dollars, net of the original issue discount of $65,000, resulting in an effective interest rate of 5.251%. These senior unsecured notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. The proceeds were used to repay, at maturity, the $250.0 million outstanding amount of the privately placed senior notes due July 7, 2025, to partially fund the acquisition of The Link on July 28, 2025, and for general corporate purposes. These public senior notes had issuance costs of $4.2 million and mature on July 15, 2030.

Current report

We also have $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of privately placed unsecured senior notes outstanding in four tranches as of December 31, 2025. The privately placed unsecured senior notes contain financial covenants that are generally consistent with those of our Credit Facility, with the exception of a secured leverage ratio of no more than 40%. The $250 million outstanding amount of the privately placed senior notes due July 7, 2025 were repaid at maturity.

Current report

Cash Flows from Operating Activities. Cash provided by operating activities increased $2.0 million between 2025 and 2024 primarily due to increased economic occupancy and the end of rent abatement periods at our Domain 9, Promenade Central, and Buckhead Plaza office properties and the acquisitions of our Vantage South End and Sail Tower office properties in December 2024, as well as our acquisition of The Link office property in July 2025. These increases are partially offset by increases in interest payments on debt.

Current report

Cash Flows from Financing Activities. Cash flows provided by financing activities decreased by $884.7 million between 2025 and 2024. In 2025, securities offerings generated gross proceeds of $500.0 million which was partially offset by debt maturity repayments of $250.0 million. In 2024, securities offerings generated gross proceeds $1.4 billion in proceeds which was partially offset by debt maturity payments of $172.7 million.

Current report

Capital expenditures increased$14.5 million between 2025 and 2024 primarily due to increased leasing costs at our operating properties. This is primarily related to timing of tenant improvement reimbursement requests and to our strong leasing activity. This is partially offset by lower spending on projects under development, as the Domain 9 property became fully operational in 2025.

Current report

The above leasing costs include leasing commissions and tenant improvements, which are both capitalized as a component of our real estate assets as they are incurred. Commitments toward those costs are calculated on square foot basis and are included in our leasing activity as leases are executed.

Current report

Leasing activity details, including the components of net effective rent per square foot, for our office portfolio on leases executed during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

Current report

Our office portfolio was 90.7% leased as of December 31, 2025, down slightly from 91.6% leased as of December 31, 2024, which is inclusive of 2.1 million and 2.0 million square feet of new, renewal, and expansion leases executed in 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 1.2 million and 488,000 square feet of leases expiring without renewal in 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Current report

Guarantor Information. The Company and CPLP have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC registering, among other securities, debt securities of CPLP, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. Separate Consolidated Financial Statements of CPLP have not been presented in accordance with the amendments to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X. Furthermore, as permitted under Rule 13-01(a)(4)(vi), the Company has excluded the summarized financial information for CPLP as the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the Company and CPLP are not materially different than the corresponding amounts presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company, and management believes such summarized financial information would be repetitive and not provide incremental value to investors.
Removed paragraphs (12)

Previous report

During 2024, we completed two strategic acquisitions of operating properties and entered into one joint venture that acquired an operating property. We acquired Vantage South End, a 639,000 square foot lifestyle office property in South End Charlotte, for a purchase price of $328.5 million and Sail Tower, a 804,000 square foot lifestyle office property in Downtown Austin, for a purchase price of $521.8 million. We also acquired a 20% interest in a joint venture for $16.7 million that acquired Proscenium, a 525,000 square foot office property in Midtown Atlanta for a purchase price of $83.3 million. Finally, we acquired multiple investments in real estate debt during the year including two mezzanine real estate loans for $27.2 million, which are subordinated to the first priority mortgage loans and secured by pledges of equity interests, and one mortgage loan at par for $138.0 million, which was secured by the Saint Ann Court office property in Dallas.

Previous report

During 2024, we completed several financing and equity market activities to fund the previously mentioned acquisitions, pay off maturing debt, and maintain a strategic mix of floating and fixed rate debt. We completed offerings of the 2032 Notes and the 2034 Notes, generating net proceeds of $397.9 million and $498.5 million, respectively, each after an original issue discount; issued 6,000,000 shares of common stock at $31.01 per share, and 9,500,000 shares of common stock at$29.765 per share, generating proceeds of $186.1 million and $282.8 million, net of underwriting discounts, respectively; repaid in full the $70.9 million remaining balance on the mortgage secured by our Domain 10 property in Austin; and entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap on the remaining $200 million of the $400 million Term Loan maturing March 2025, fixing the underlying SOFR rate at 4.6675%.

Previous report

Non-Same Property Rental Property Revenues, Rental Property Operating Expenses, and NOI increased between 2024 and 2023 primarily due tothe commencement of operations at our Domain 9 building in the first quarter of 2024, increased economic occupancy at our recently redeveloped Promenade Central operating property, and the acquisitions of Vantage South End and Sail Tower in December 2024. This increase is partially offset by a full building redevelopment at our Hayden Ferry 1 building, which began in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Previous report

NOI for the Austin market increased $21.7 million, or 12.7%, between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the commencement of operations at our Domain 9 building in the first quarter of 2024 as well as an increase in revenues recognized from tenant funded improvements owned by us. NOI from Other markets increased $7.7 million, or 52.5%, between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the an increase in economic occupancy at our BriarLake Plaza office property in Houston.

Previous report

Other income increased $4.8 million, or 194.4%, between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the interest income from the two mezzanine loans and the Saint Ann Court mortgage loan acquired in 2024. These transactions are described in further detail in note 5 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-K.

Previous report

Same Property depreciation and amortization increased between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to an increase of assets in service during the current period, primarily from tenant improvements.

Previous report

Non-Same Property depreciation and amortization increased between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to completion of development at Domain 9 and a full building redevelopment at Promenade Central, the Sail Tower Acquisition and the Vantage Acquisition in December 2024, as well as changes in the estimated useful lives of buildings and improvements at some of our operating properties. These increases were partially offset by our suspension of depreciation related to our full building redevelopment at our Hayden Ferry 1 building, which began in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Previous report

Income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures consisted of the following in 2024 and 2023 ($ in thousands):

Previous report

Cash Flows from Operating Activities. Cash provided by operating activities increased $31.9 million between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to increased economic occupancy and the end of rent abatement periods at our 100 Mill, San Jacinto Center, and Tempe Gateway office properties; the commencement of operations at our Domain 9 office property in 2024; the timing and amount of interest payments; and the timing of property tax payments and the timing of receipt of rent payments from tenants; all partially offset by the suspension of operations related to our full building redevelopment of Hayden Ferry 1 that began in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Previous report

Cash Flows from Financing Activities. Cash flows provided by financing activities increased $978.2 million between 2024 and 2023. The increase in cash provided by financing activities is primarily driven by the proceeds from the 2024 issuances of common stock and public unsecured senior notes. This increase is partially offset by cash used in repayments of the Domain 10 mortgage note, $100 million of the $350 million 2021 Term Loan, and an increase in net repayments on our Credit Facility in 2024.

Previous report

Capital expenditures decreased $26.8 million between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to decre ases in projects under development activities and related capitalized interest and salaries due to the Domain 9 development commencing initial operations in the first quarter of 2024. These decreases are partially offset by the following: (i) increased spending on operating property redevelopments compared to 2023 with the commencement of a full building redevelopment of Hayden Ferry 1 in the fourth quarter of 2023, partially offset by the renovations at 3350 Peachtree and Promenade Central which were substantially completed in 2023, and (ii) an increased spending on building improvements.

Previous report

The weighted average leasing costs on a per square foot basis for leases signed during 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
Reworded paragraphs (34)

Previous wording

Our strategy is to create value for our stockholders through ownership of the premier office portfolio in Sun Belt markets of the United States, with a particular focus on Atlanta, Austin, Tampa, Charlotte, Phoenix, Dallas, and Nashville. This strategy is based on a disciplined approach to capital allocation that includes opportunistic acquisitions, selective development, and timely dispositions of non-core assets, with a goal of maintaining a portfolio of newer and more efficient properties with lower capital expenditure requirements. To implement this disciplined approach, we maintain a simple, flexible, and low-leveraged balance sheet, which allows us to pursue compelling growth opportunities at the most advantageous points in the cycle. We utilize our strong local operating platforms within each of our major markets to implement this strategy.

Current wording

Our strategy is to create value for our stockholders through ownership of the premier office portfolio in Sun Belt markets of the United States, with a particular focus on Austin, Atlanta, Charlotte, Tampa, Phoenix, Dallas, and Nashville. This strategy is based on a disciplined approach to capital allocation that includes opportunistic acquisitions, selective development, and timely dispositions of non-core assets, with a goal of maintaining a portfolio of newer and more efficient properties with lower capital expenditure requirements. To implement this disciplined approach, we maintain a simple, flexible, and low-leveraged balance sheet, which allows us to pursue compelling growth opportunities at the most advantageous points in the cycle. We utilize our strong local operating platforms within each of our major markets to implement this strategy.

Previous wording

During 2024, we leased or renewed 2.0 million square feet of office space. Our office operating portfolio was 91.6% percent leased as of December 31, 2024 and the weighted average economic occupancy during the fourth quarter of 2024 was 89.2%. The weighted average net effective rent per square foot, representing base rent excluding operating expense reimbursements and leasing costs, for new or renewed non-amenity leases with terms greater than one year signed in 2024, was $28.17 per square foot. Cash-basis net effective rent per square foot increased 8.5% on spaces that had been previously occupied in the past year. Cash-basis net effective rent represents net rent at the end of the term paid by the prior tenant compared to the net rent at the beginning of the term paid by the current tenant. Our same property net operating income for the year increased 5.1% on a straight-line basis and increased 4.8% on a cash-basis.

Current wording

During 2025, we leased a total of 2.1 million square feet of office space. Our office operating portfolio was 90.7% percent leased as of December 31, 2025 and the weighted average economic occupancy during the fourth quarter of 2025 was 88.3%. In 2025, the weighted average net effective rent per square foot, representing base rent excluding operating expense reimbursements and leasing costs, for leases with a term greater than one year, was $25.86 per square foot. Cash-basis net effective rent per square foot increased 3.5% on spaces that had been previously occupied in the past year. Cash-basis net effective rent represents net rent at the end of the term paid under the prior lease compared to the net rent at the beginning of the term paid under the current lease. Our same property net operating income for the year increased 2.4% on a straight-line basis and increased 0.9% on a cash-basis.

Previous wording

We believe the Sun Belt, and in particular the seven Sun Belt markets in which we own properties, will continue to outperform the broader office sector evidenced by a clear bifurcation between Sun Belt and Gateway market fundamentals. In addition, as the flight to quality trend accelerates among office users, we believe our trophy portfolio is well positioned to benefit from, and ultimately outperform in, the current real estate environment.

Current wording

We believe the Sun Belt, and in particular the seven Sun Belt markets listed above, will continue to outperform the broader office sector evidenced by a clear bifurcation between Sun Belt and Gateway market fundamentals. In addition, as the flight to quality trend accelerates among office users, we believe our trophy portfolio is well positioned to benefit from, and ultimately outperform in, the current real estate environment.

Previous wording

Tenants sometimes negotiate to terminate their lease prior to the end of the lease term. Such negotiations generally require payment of a termination fee that reimburses us for a portion of the remaining rent under the original lease term and the undepreciated lease inception costs such as commissions, tenant improvements, and lease incentives. Termination fee income, included in rental property revenue, is recognized on a straight-line basis from the date of the executed termination agreement through lease expiration when the amount of the fee is determinable and collectability of the fee is reasonably assured. This fee income is adjusted on a straight-line basis by any accrued straight-line rent receivable and any above- or below-market lease intangible assets or liabilities related to the lease projected at the date of tenant vacancy.

Current wording

Tenants sometimes terminate their lease prior to the end of the lease term, as allowed under negotiated termination options included in the lease or through separate negotiations with us. Such negotiations generally require payment of a termination fee that reimburses us for a portion of the remaining rent under the original lease term and the undepreciated lease inception costs such as commissions, tenant improvements, and lease incentives. Termination fee income, included in rental property revenue, is recognized on a straight-line basis from the date the termination is executed through lease expiration when the amount of the fee is determinable and collectability of the fee is reasonably assured. This fee income is adjusted on a straight-line basis by any accrued straight-line rent receivable and any above- or below-market lease intangible assets or liabilities related to the lease projected at the date of tenant vacancy.

Previous wording

In the impairment analysis for assets held-for-investment, we must determine whether there are indicators of impairment. For operating properties, these indicators could include a reduction in our estimated hold period, a significant decline in a property’s leasing percentage, a current period operating loss or negative cash flows combined with a history of losses at the property, a significant decline in lease rates for that property or others in the property’s market, a significant change in the market value of the property, or an adverse change in the financial condition of significant tenants. For land holdings, indicators could include an overall decline in the market value of land in the region, a decline in development activity for the intended use of the land, or other adverse economic and market conditions. For projects under development, indicators could include material budget overruns without a corresponding funding source, significant delays in construction, occupancy, or stabilization timing, regulatory changes or economic trends that have a significant impact on the market, or an adverse change in the financial condition of a significant future tenant.

Current wording

In the impairment analysis for assets held-for-investment, we must determine whether there are indicators of impairment. For operating properties, these indicators could include a significant decline in a property’s leasing percentage, a current period operating loss or negative cash flows combined with a history of losses at the property, a decline in lease rates for that property or others in the property’s market, a significant change in the market value of the property, an adverse change in the financial condition of significant tenants, or a more likely than not probability that there has been a significant decrease in the estimated hold period. For projects under development, indicators could include material budget overruns, significant delays in construction, occupancy, or stabilization timing, regulatory changes or economic trends that have a significant impact on the market, or an adverse change in the financial condition of a significant future tenant. For land holdings, indicators could include an overall decline in the market value of land in the region, regulatory changes that impact ability to develop the land, a decline in development activity for the intended use of the land, or other adverse economic and market conditions.

Previous wording

We are involved in all stages of real estate ownership, including development and redevelopment. Prior to the point at which a project becomes probable of being developed (defined as more likely than not), we expense predevelopment costs. After we determine a project is probable, all subsequently-incurred predevelopment costs, as well as interest and real estate taxes on qualifying assets and certain internal personnel and associated costs directly related to the project under development or redevelopment, are capitalized in accordance with accounting rules. If we abandon development or redevelopment of a project that had earlier been deemed probable, we charge all previously capitalized costs to expense. If this occurs, our predevelopment expenses could rise significantly. The determination of whether a project is probable requires judgment. If we determine that a project is probable, interest, general and administrative, and other expenses could be materially different than if we determine the project is not probable.

Current wording

We are involved in all stages of real estate ownership, including development and redevelopment. Prior to the point at which a project becomes probable of being developed, we expense predevelopment costs. After we determine a project is probable, all subsequently-incurred predevelopment costs, including certain internal personnel and associated costs directly related to the project under development or redevelopment, are capitalized in accordance with accounting rules. Once on-going activities commence necessary to prepare the project for its intended use, interest as well as property taxes and insurance are capitalized. If we abandon development or redevelopment of a project that had earlier been deemed probable, we charge all previously capitalized costs to expense. If this occurs, our predevelopment expenses could rise significantly.

Previous wording

During the predevelopment period of a probable project and the period in which a project is under construction, we capitalize all direct and indirect costs associated with planning, developing, and constructing the project. Determination of what costs constitute direct and indirect project costs requires us, in some cases, to exercise judgment. If we determine certain costs to be direct or indirect project costs, amounts recorded in projects under development on the balance sheet and amounts recorded in general and administrative and other expenses on the statements of operations could be materially different than if we determine these costs are not directly or indirectly associated with the project.

Current wording

Determination of what costs constitute project costs requires us, in some cases, to exercise judgment. If we determine certain costs to be direct or indirect project costs, amounts recorded in projects under development on the balance sheet and amounts recorded in general and administrative and other expenses on the statements of operations could be materially different than if we determine these costs are not associated with the project.

Previous wording

Once a certain project is constructed and ready for occupancy, carrying costs, such as real estate taxes, interest, internal personnel costs, and associated costs, are expensed as incurred. Determination of when construction of a project is held available for occupancy requires judgment. We consider projects and/or project phases to be held for occupancy at the earlier of the date on which the project or phase reaches economic occupancy of 90% or one year from cessation of major construction activity, which may occur prior to economic stabilization. Our judgment of the date the project is held for occupancy has a direct impact on our operating expenses and net income for the period.

Current wording

Once a certain project is constructed and ready for occupancy, carrying costs, such as real estate taxes, interest, internal personnel costs, and associated costs, are expensed as incurred. Determination of when construction of a project is held available for occupancy requires judgment. We consider projects and/or project phases to be ready for occupancy at the earlier of the date on which the project or phase reaches economic occupancy of 90% or one year from cessation of major construction activity, which may occur prior to economic stabilization. Our judgment of the date the project is ready for occupancy has a direct impact on our operating expenses and net income for the period.

Previous wording

Net income available to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $46.0 million and $83.0 million, respectively. The decrease in net income is primarily attributable to increased depreciation expense. We detail below material changes in the components of net income available to common stockholders for the year ended 2024 compared to 2023.

Current wording

Net income available to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $40.5 million and $46.0 million, respectively. In 2025, we recorded $14.3 million of impairment losses related to our Harborview property and the 303 Tremont land parcel. We detail below other material changes in the components of net income available to common stockholders for the year ended 2025 compared to 2024.

Previous wording

The following results include the performance of our Same Property portfolio. Our Same Property portfolio includes office properties that were stabilized and owned by us for the entirety of each comparable reporting period presented. Same Property amounts for the 2024 versus 2023 comparison are from properties that were stabilized and owned as of January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2024.

Current wording

The following results include the performance of our Same Property portfolio. Our Same Property portfolio includes office properties that were stabilized and owned by us for the entirety of each comparable reporting period presented. Same Property amounts for the 2025 versus 2024 comparison are from properties that were stabilized and owned as of January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2025. We consider many factors in determining whether a property has stabilized, including the property’s occupancy (independently and relative to its submarket) and current leasing pipeline, as well as time since the cessation of major construction activity.

Previous wording

Same Property Rental Property Revenues and NOI increased between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to an increase in economic occupancy at our BriarLake Plaza, San Jacinto Center, and Promenade Tower office properties and increases in revenues recognized from tenant funded improvements owned by us. In addition, parking revenue from our Same Property portfolio increased between 2024 and 2023.

Current wording

Same Property Rental Property Revenues and NOI increased between 2025 and 2024 primarily due to an increase in economic occupancy at our Promenade Tower, Corporate Center, and 3350 Peachtree office properties and increases in revenues recognized from tenant funded improvements owned by us. In addition, parking revenue from our Same Property portfolio increased in 2025 compared to 2024.

Previous wording

General and administrative expenses increased $4.2 million, or 13.1%, between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to increases in stock compensation expense and an increase in expenses related to annual performance-based compensation paid in cash.

Current wording

General and administrative expenses increased $2.1 million, or 5.7%, between 2025 and 2024 primarily due to increases in stock compensation expense.

Previous wording

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized, increased $17.0 million, or 16.1%, between 2024 and 2023. This increase is primarily due to the issuances of the $500 million and $400 million public unsecured senior notes in August and December of 2024, respectively, and decreases in capitalized interest as we finished construction on the core building and began operations at our Domain 9 building in the first quarter of 2024.

Current wording

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized, increased $36.8 million, or 30.0%, between 2025 and 2024. This increase is primarily due to the issuances of the $500 million and $400 million public unsecured senior notes in August and December of 2024, respectively, as well as the issuance of the $500 million public unsecured senior notes in June 2025, partially offset by the repayments of the $250 million senior note in July 2025 and the repayment of $100 million of the 2021 Term Loan in August 2024, as well as a lower average balance outstanding on the Credit Facility in 2025.

Previous wording

Income and Net Operating Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Current wording

Loss and Net Operating Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Previous wording

The change in income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures was driven by increases in unconsolidated depreciation and amortization as well as unconsolidated interest expense. Unconsolidated depreciation and amortization expense increased between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to development activities winding down and initial operations beginning at our joint venture's Neuhoff property in the fourth quarter of 2023 and the acquisition of Proscenium in August 2024. Unconsolidated interest expense increased between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to a reduction in capitalized interest at our Neuhoff joint venture as portions of its development project were completed in 2024 as well as the June 2023 refinance of the mortgage on the property in our Crawford Long joint venture.

Current wording

The change in loss from unconsolidated joint ventures was driven by increases in unconsolidated depreciation and amortization as well as unconsolidated interest expense. Unconsolidated depreciation and amortization expense increased between 2025 and 2024 primarily due to: (i) assets being placed in service as portions of the development were completed and initial operations started at our joint venture's Neuhoff property in the fourth quarter of 2023 and (ii) the acquisition of Proscenium in August 2024. Unconsolidated interest expense increased between 2025 and 2024, primarily due to a reduction in capitalized interest at our Neuhoff joint venture as further portions of its development project were completed in 2025.

Previous wording

Non-Same Property NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures increased between 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the acquisition of Proscenium in August 2024.

Current wording

Non-Same Property NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures increased between 2025 and 2024 primarily due to operations at Neuhoff, as the property continues to increase occupancy, and the acquisition of Proscenium in August 2024.

Previous wording

Our material capital expenditure commitments for 2025 include $95.8 million of unfunded tenant improvements and development costs. As of December 31, 2024, we had $112.3 million drawn under our Credit Facility with the ability to borrow the remaining $887.7 million, as well as $7.3 million of cash and cash equivalents. We expect to have sufficient liquidity to meet our obligations for the foreseeable future.

Current wording

Our material capital expenditure commitments as of December 31, 2025 include $172.9 million of unfunded tenant improvements and development costs. As of December 31, 2025, we had $116.0 million drawn under our Credit Facility with the ability to borrow the remaining $884.0 million, as well as $5.7 million of cash and cash equivalents. We expect to have sufficient liquidity to meet our obligations for the foreseeable future.

Previous wording

On May 2, 2022, we entered into a Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") under which we may borrow up to $1 billion if certain conditions are satisfied. The Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require, among other things, the maintenance of unencumbered interest coverage ratio of at least 1.75x; a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.50x; a secured leverage ratio of no more than 50%; and an overall leverage ratio of no more than 60%. The Credit Facility matures on April 30, 2027.

Current wording

On May 2, 2022, we entered into a Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") under which we may borrow up to $1 billion if certain conditions are satisfied. The Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require, among other things, the maintenance of unencumbered interest coverage ratio of at least 1.75x; a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.50x; a secured leverage ratio of no more than 50%; and overall and unsecured leverage ratios of no more than 60%. The Credit Facility matures on April 30, 2027.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2024, the Credit Facility's interest rate spread over Adjusted SOFR was 0.775%, and the facility fee spread was 0.15%. The amount that we may draw under the Credit Facility is a defined calculation based on our unencumbered assets and other factors. The total available borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility was $887.7 million at December 31, 2024. Any amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility may be accelerated upon the occurrence of any events of default.

Current wording

At December 31, 2025, the Credit Facility's interest rate spread over Adjusted SOFR was 0.775%, and the facility fee spread was 0.15%. The amount that we may draw under the Credit Facility is a defined calculation based on our unencumbered assets and other factors. The total available borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility was $884.0 million at December 31, 2025. Any amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility may be accelerated upon the occurrence of any events of default.

Previous wording

On October 3, 2022, we entered into a Delayed Draw Term Loan Agreement (the "2022 Term Loan") and borrowed the full $400 million available under the loan. The loan had an initial maturity of March 3, 2025 with four consecutive options to extend the maturity date for an additional six months each. In December 2024, we exercised the first of the four six month extension options, extending the maturity date to September 3, 2025. Under the 2022 Term Loan the interest rate applicable varies according to our credit rating and leverage ratio and may, at our election, be determined based on either (1) the Daily SOFR or Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% ("Adjusted SOFR") and a spread of between 0.80% and 1.60%, or (2) the greater of (i) Bank of America's prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (iii) Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, and 1.00%, (iv) or 1.00%, plus a spread of between 0.00% and 0.65%, based on leverage. There can be no assurance that we will maintain any particular rating in the future and if our credit ratings decrease, then we may be subject to higher applicable spreads. The covenants under the 2022 Term Loan are the same as the Credit Facility. At December 31, 2024, the spread over the underlying SOFR rates was 0.85% for the 2022 Term Loan.

Current wording

On October 3, 2022, we entered into a Delayed Draw Term Loan Agreement (the "2022 Term Loan") and borrowed the full $400 million available under the loan. Under the 2022 Term Loan, the applicable interest rate varies according to our credit rating and leverage ratio and may, at our election, be determined based on either (1) the Daily SOFR or Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% ("Adjusted SOFR") and a spread of between 0.80% and 1.60%, or (2) the greater of (i) Bank of America's prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (iii) Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, and 1.00%, or (iv) 1.00%, plus a spread of between 0.00% and 0.65%, based on leverage. The loan had an initial maturity of March 3, 2025 with four consecutive options to extend the maturity date for an additional six months each. We have exercised the third of the four six-month extension options, which becomes effective March 3, 2026, with an extended maturity date of September 3, 2026. The final maturity date, should we elect to exercise the one remaining extensions, would be March 3, 2027. The covenants under the 2022 Term Loan are the same as the Credit Facility.

Previous wording

On April 19, 2023, we entered into a floating-to-fixed rate swap with respect to $200 million of the $400 million 2022 Term Loan through the initial maturity date of March 3, 2025. This swap fixed the underlying SOFR rate at 4.298%. On January 26, 2024, we entered into a floating-to-fixed rate swap with respect to the remaining $200 million of the $400 million 2022 Term Loan through the initial maturity date of March 3, 2025. This swap fixed the underlying SOFR rate at 4.6675% (see note 10 to the consolidated financial statements). These two swaps fix the underlying SOFR rate for the full $400 million at a weighted average of 4.483%.

Current wording

On April 19, 2023, we entered into a floating-to-fixed rate swap with respect to $200 million of the $400 million 2022 Term Loan through the initial maturity date of March 3, 2025. This swap fixed the underlying SOFR rate at 4.298%. On January 26, 2024, we entered into a floating-to-fixed rate swap with respect to remaining $200 million of the $400 million 2022 Term Loan through the initial maturity date of March 3, 2025. This swap fixed the underlying SOFR rate at 4.6675% (see note 10). These two swaps fixed the underlying SOFR rate for the full $400 million at a weighted average of 4.483%. These swaps expired on March 3, 2025. For the 2022 Term Loan, a six-month Term SOFR of 4.2018% was in effect from March 3, 2025 through September 2, 2025, and a six-month Term SOFR of 4.206% was in effect from September 3, 2025 to March 2, 2026. At December 31, 2025, the spread over the underlying SOFR rates was 0.85% for the 2022 Term Loan.

Previous wording

On June 28, 2021, we entered into an Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement (the "2021 Term Loan") that amended the former term loan agreement. Under the 2021 Term Loan, we have borrowed $350 million with an initial maturity of August 30, 2024 with four consecutive options to extend the maturity date for an additional 180 days each. In August 2024, we paid down $100 million of the $350 million outstanding and exercised the first of our four 180 day extension options, extending the maturity date on the remaining $250 million to February 26, 2025. In December 2024, we exercised the second of our four 180 day extension options, extending the maturity date on the remaining $250 million to August 25, 2025. On September 19, 2022, we entered into the First Amendment to the 2021 Term Loan. This amendment aligns covenants and available interest rates, including the addition of SOFR, to that of the Credit Facility. Under the terms of this First Amendment the interest rate applicable to the 2021 Term Loan varies according to our credit rating and leverage ratio and may, at our election, be determined based on either (1) the Daily SOFR or Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% ("Adjusted SOFR") and a spread of between 0.85% and 1.65%, or (2) the greater of (i) Bank of America's prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (iii) Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, and 1.00%, (iv) or 1.00%, plus a spread of between 0.00% and 0.65%, based on leverage. At December 31, 2024, the spread over the underlying SOFR rates was 1.00% for the 2021 Term Loan.

Current wording

On June 28, 2021, we entered into an Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement (the "2021 Term Loan") that amended the former term loan agreement. Under the 2021 Term Loan, we borrowed $350 million with an initial maturity of August 30, 2024 with four consecutive options to extend the maturity date for an additional 180 days each. In August 2024, we paid down $100 million of the $350 million outstanding and exercised the first of our four 180 day extension options, extending the maturity date on the remaining $250 million to February 26, 2025. In December 2025, we exercised the fourth of our four 180 day extension options, which becomes effective February 20, 2026, with an extended maturity date of August 17, 2026. On September 19, 2022, we entered into the First Amendment to the 2021 Term Loan. This amendment aligns covenants and available interest rates, including the addition of SOFR, to that of the Credit Facility. Under the terms of this First Amendment the interest rate applicable to the 2021 Term Loan varies according to our credit rating and leverage ratio and may, at our election, be determined based on either (1) the Daily SOFR or Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% ("Adjusted SOFR") and a spread of between 0.85% and 1.65%, or (2) the greater of (i) Bank of America's prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (iii) Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, and 1.00%, (iv) or 1.00%, plus a spread of between 0.00% and 0.65%, based on leverage. At December 31, 2025, the spread over the underlying SOFR rates was 1.00% for the 2021 Term Loan.

Previous wording

In April 2024, we notified the administrative agent of the 2022 Term Loan and 2021 Term Loan of our receipt of corporate investment grade ratings received. These ratings reduced the Adjusted SOFR spread range, effective April 17, 2024. Changes in our investment grade ratings may result in additional adjustments to the applicable spread in the future. Prior to April 17, 2024, the applicable spread was between 1.05% and 1.65% for both the 2022 Term Loan and 2021 Term Loan, depending on leverage.

Current wording

In April 2024, we notified the administrative agent of the 2022 Term Loan and 2021 Term Loan of our receipt of corporate investment grade ratings received. These ratings reduced the Adjusted SOFR spread range, effective April 17, 2024. Changes in our investment grade ratings may result in additional adjustments to the applicable spread in the future.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2024, we had $1.9 billion aggregate principal amount of unsecured senior notes outstanding, including $1 billion outstanding principal amount of senior unsecured notes issued in a private placement of five tranches. These unsecured senior notes have maturity dates that range from 2025 to 2034 and the weighted average fixed interest rates on these notes is 4.74%. The senior unsecured notes issued in the private placement are sometimes referred to herein as the privately placed senior unsecured notes.

Current wording

At December 31, 2025, we had $2.2 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes outstanding.

Previous wording

In December 2024, CPLP issued $400 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.375% senior unsecured notes. Upon issuance of the 2032 Notes, CPLP received net proceeds of $397.9 million dollars after an original issue discount of $2.1 million resulting in an effective interest rate is 5.464%. The 2032 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by us. The proceeds were used to fund part of the purchase prices for the Sail Tower Acquisition and the Vantage Acquisition in December 2024. The 2032 Notes had issuance costs of $3.6 million and mature on February 15, 2032.

Current wording

In December 2024, CPLP issued $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.375% senior unsecured notes. Upon issuance of the 2032 Notes, CPLP received net proceeds of $397.9 million dollars after an original issue discount of $2.1 million resulting in an effective interest rate is 5.464%. The 2032 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by us. The proceeds were used to fund part of the purchase prices for the Sail Tower and the Vantage acquisitions in December 2024. The 2032 Notes had issuance costs of $3.6 million and mature on February 15, 2032.

Previous wording

The public senior unsecured notes are subject to certain typical covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, include (a) a limitation on the ability of the Company and CPLP to, among other things, incur additional secured and unsecured indebtedness; (b) a limitation on the ability of the Company and CPLP to merge, consolidate, sell, lease or otherwise dispose of their properties and assets substantially as an entirety; and (c) a requirement that the Company maintain a pool of unencumbered assets. To avoid any such limitations, these covenants require, among other things, maintaining the following financial metrics as defined in the agreement: unencumbered debt ratio of at least 150%; an EBITDA to debt service ratio of at least 1.50x; a secured leverage ratio of no more than 40%; and an overall leverage ratio of no more than 60%.

Current wording

The above described senior unsecured notes are subject to certain typical covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, include (a) a limitation on the ability of the Company and CPLP to, among other things, incur additional secured and unsecured indebtedness; (b) a limitation on the ability of the Company and CPLP to merge, consolidate, sell, lease or otherwise dispose of their properties and assets substantially as an entirety; and (c) a requirement that the Company maintain a pool of unencumbered assets. To avoid any such limitations, these covenants require, among other things, maintaining the following financial metrics as defined in the agreement: (a) unencumbered debt ratio of at least 150%; (b) an EBITDA to debt service ratio of at least 1.50x; (c) a secured leverage ratio of no more than 40%; (d) and an overall leverage ratio of no more than 60%.

Previous wording

The unsecured senior notes contain financial covenants that are consistent with those of our Credit Facility, with the exception of a secured leverage ratio of no more than 40%. The senior notes also contain customary representations and warranties, both affirmative and negative covenants, and customary events of default.

Current wording

The senior notes also contain customary representations and warranties, both affirmative and negative covenants, and customary events of default.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had $447.9 million outstanding on four non-recourse mortgage notes with a weighted average interest rate of 4.85%. All interest rates on the secured mortgage notes are fixed. Assets with depreciated carrying values of $702.7 million were pledged as security on these mortgage notes payable.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, we had $441.1 million outstanding on four non-recourse mortgage notes with a weighted average interest rate of 4.88%. All interest rates on the secured mortgage notes are fixed. Assets with depreciated carrying values of $709.4 million were pledged as security on these mortgage notes payable.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2024, our unconsolidated joint ventures had aggregate outstanding indebtedness to third partiesof $357.0 million. This debt represents mortgage or construction loans, all of which are non-recourse to us. In addition, in certain instances, we provide “non-recourse carve-out guarantees” on these non-recourse loans.

Current wording

At December 31, 2025, our unconsolidated joint ventures had aggregate outstanding indebtedness to third partiesof $332.4 million. This debt represents mortgage or construction loans, all of which are non-recourse to us. In addition, in certain instances, we provide “non-recourse carve-out guarantees” on these non-recourse loans.

Previous wording

We report and analyze our cash flows based on operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $7.3 million and $6.0 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Cash Flows" from our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the changes in cash flows between 2023 and 2022.

Current wording

We report and analyze our cash flows based on operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $5.7 million and $7.3 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Cash Flows" from our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the changes in cash flows between 2024 and 2023.

Previous wording

Cash Flows from Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities increased $1.0 billion between 2024 and 2023. Cash used in investing activities was higher in 2024 primarily due to the Sail Tower Acquisition and the Vantage Acquisition for an aggregate price of $838.0 million in December 2024 and the acquisitions of investments in real estate debt for $167.2 million during 2024.

Current wording

Cash Flows from Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities decreased $879.7 million between 2025 and 2024 primarily driven by the acquisitions of Sail Tower and Vantage for an aggregate price of $838.0 million in December 2024, when compared to the acquisition of The Link in July 2025 for $215.0 million.

Previous wording

Capital Expenditures. We incur capital expenditures for the development of new properties, the redevelopment of existing or newly purchased properties, building improvements, direct leasing costs for new or replacement tenants, and capitalized interest and salaries. Components of expenditures included in this line item for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows ($ in thousands):

Current wording

Capital Expenditures. We incur capital expenditures for the development of new properties, the redevelopment of existing or newly purchased properties, general building improvements, direct leasing costs such as commissions or tenant improvements, and capitalized interest and salaries. Components of expenditures included in this line item for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows ($ in thousands):

Previous wording

Dividends. We paid common dividends of $195.4 million and $194.3 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively. We funded these dividends with cash provided by operating activities. We also expect to fund our future quarterly common dividends with cash provided by operating activities. Proceeds from investment property sales, distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures, and indebtedness will be used, if necessary.

Current wording

Dividends. We paid common dividends of $215.8 million and $195.4 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase of common dividends paid in the comparative periods is largely driven by the issuance of 15.5 million shares of common stock in the fourth quarter of 2024. We expect to fund our future quarterly common dividends with cash provided by operating activities, proceeds from investment property sales, distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures, indebtedness, and proceeds from offerings of equity and other securities, if necessary.
Rearranged current paragraphs (2)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

The determination of whether a project is probable requires judgment. If we determine that a project is probable, interest, general and administrative, and other expenses could be materially different than if we determine the project is not probable.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Prior to April 17, 2024, the applicable spread was between 1.05% and 1.65% for both the 2022 Term Loan and 2021 Term Loan, depending on leverage.