Unum Group

The Closed Block segment consists of group and individual long-term care and other insurance products no longer actively marketed. We discontinued offering individual long-term care in 2009 and group long-term care in 2012. As of July 2025, we closed the Fortitude Re reinsurance transaction and ceded a portion of the long-term care product line. See "Executive Summary" contained herein this Item 2 for further discussion. Other insurance products include individual disability, group pension, individual life and corporate-owned life insurance, reinsurance pools and management operations, and other miscellaneous product lines.

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for the Closed Block segment.

Premium income for the long-term care product line in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 was lower during the same periods of 2024 due to the impact of the Fortitude Re reinsurance transaction. Premium income for our all other product line continues to decline as expected due to policyholder lapses.

Net investment income was lower during the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 relative to the same periods of 2024 primarily driven by a decrease in the level of invested assets as a result of the Fortitude Re reinsurance transaction. Also impacting the comparison of the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 is lower miscellaneous investment income primarily due to smaller increases in the NAV on our private equity partnerships.

Other income primarily includes the underlying results and associated net investment income of certain assumed blocks of business.

Policy benefits including remeasurement loss (gain), excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption updates and non-contemporaneous reinsurance, were lower in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 compared to the same periods of 2024 driven primarily by the impacts of the Fortitude Re reinsurance transaction, partially offset by an increase in the current period benefit expense resulting from the higher net premium ratio and the impact of capped cohorts in the long-term care product line. Also partially offsetting the comparison of the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 compared to the same periods of 2024 is higher average new claim size and lower claim terminations in the long-term care product line. The net premium ratio for long-term care increased to 97.6 percent at September 30, 2025 from 94.5 percent at September 30, 2024 due primarily to the impact of the reserve assumption updates in the third quarter of 2025.

The other expense ratio, excluding the amortization of the cost of reinsurance, in the third quarter of 2025 was generally consistent with the same period in 2024. The other expense ratio, excluding amortization of cost of reinsurance, is higher in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same periods of 2024 due primarily to an increase in operational investments in our business.

We will continue to execute on our well-defined strategy of implementing long-term care premium rate increases, efficient capital management, improved financial analysis, and operational effectiveness. In regard to capital management, we will continue to explore, and execute where appropriate, structural and reinsurance options to enhance financial flexibility. We continue to file requests with various state insurance departments for premium rate increases on certain of our individual and group long-term care policies which reflect assumptions as of the date of filings. In states for which a rate increase is submitted and approved, we routinely provide customers options for coverage changes or other approaches that might fit their current financial and insurance needs. Despite continued anticipated premium rate increases in our long-term care business, we expect overall premium income and adjusted operating revenue to decline over the long term as these closed blocks of business wind down. We will likely experience volatility in net investment income due to fluctuations of miscellaneous investment income, driven by the allocation towards alternative assets, primarily private equity partnership investments, in the long-term care product line portfolio. We record changes in our share of the NAV of the partnerships in net investment income. We receive financial information related to our investments in partnerships and generally record investment income on a one-quarter lag in accordance with our accounting policy. As these NAVs are volatile and can fluctuate materially with changes in market economic conditions, there may possibly be significant movements up or down in future periods as conditions change. We continuously monitor key indicators to assess our risks and adjust our business plans, including utilization of derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk.

Profitability of our long-tailed products is affected by claims experience related to mortality, morbidity, resolutions, investment returns, premium rate increases, and persistency. The net premium ratio represents the ratio of future expected benefits and related expenses to future expected gross premiums using the original discount rate. Long-term care benefits experience may continue to have quarterly volatility, particularly in the near term as our claim block matures and as we continue the implementation of premium rate increases. Claim resolution rates which reflect the probability that a disability or long-term care claim will close due to recovery or death of the insureds, are very sensitive to operational and external factors and can be volatile. Our claim resolution rate assumption used in determining reserves is our expectation of the resolution rate we will experience over the life of the block of business and will vary from actual experience in any one period. It is possible that variability in any of our reserve assumptions, including, but not limited to, mortality, morbidity, resolutions, premium rate increases, benefit change elections, and persistency, could result in a material impact to our reserves.

As a result of the execution of the reinsurance transaction related to our Closed Block individual disability line of business, we have fully ceded a significant portion of this business.

As previously discussed, we entered into a reinsurance agreement with Fortitude Re to cede a portion of our long-term care business. For further discussion, see “Executive Summary" contained herein in Item 2 and Note 14 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 1.