Expion360 Inc.

Previous wording

Investing in our common stock involves significant risk and uncertainty. Before you make a decision to buy our common stock, in addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed below under“Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,”you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth below, as well as the other information in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” If any of these risks actually occur, it may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, and prospects. As a result, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additionally, the risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may become material and adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks or other risks not specified below materialize, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our shares of common stock could decline.

Current wording

Investing in our common stock involves significant risk and uncertainty. Before you make a decision to buy our common stock, in addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed below under“Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,”you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth below, as well as the other information in this Annual Report, including our financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” If any of these risks actually occur, it may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, and prospects. As a result, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additionally, the risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may become material and adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks or other risks not specified below materialize, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our shares of common stock could decline.

Previous wording

We compete with a number of major international and domestic manufacturers, assemblers and distributors, as well as a large number of smaller, regional competitors. In addition, our customers have many choices for energy storage solutions in the markets that we serve, including both traditional lead-acid products as well as lithium-ion products. We believe our main competitive advantage in displacing incumbent lead-acid batteries is that we produce a lighter, safer, higher performing, cost-effective battery with a longer lifespan. We believe our product offerings, proven reliability, and relationships with dealers, private-label direct to consumer and OEMs enable us to compete effectively against other battery manufacturers and position us favorably to expand into new addressable markets. However, OEM sales typically result in lower average selling prices and related margins, which could result in overall margin erosion, affect our growth, or require us to raise our prices. As a result, we may be unable to our competitive advantage.

Current wording

We compete with a number of major international and domestic manufacturers, assemblers and distributors, as well as a large number of smaller, regional competitors. In addition, our customers have many choices for energy storage solutions in the markets that we serve, including both traditional lead-acid products as well as lithium-ion products. We believe our main competitive advantage in displacing incumbent lead-acid batteries is that we produce a lighter, safer, higher performing, cost-effective battery with a longer lifespan. We believe our product offerings, proven reliability, and relationships with dealers, private label direct to consumer and OEMs enable us to compete effectively against other battery manufacturers and position us favorably to expand into new addressable markets. However, OEM sales typically result in lower average selling prices and related margins, which could result in overall margin erosion, affect our growth, or require us to raise our prices. As a result, we may be unable to maintain our competitive advantage.

Previous wording

We have experienced net losses in each period since inception. We generated net losses of $13.5 million and $7.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Current wording

We have experienced net losses in each period since inception. We generated net losses of $6.2 million and $13.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

Our audited financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were prepared on the assumption that we would continue as a going concern. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we sustained recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern over the next 12 months and our independent auditors have included a “going concern” explanatory paragraph in their report on our financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. If our results of operations fail to improve and/or if we fail to raise additional debt or equity financing, then our financial condition could render us unable to continue as a going concern.

Current wording

Our audited financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were prepared on the assumption that we would continue as a going concern. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we sustained recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern over the next 12 months and our independent auditors have included a “going concern” explanatory paragraph in their report on our financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. We expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future, and may need to raise additional debt or equity financing to fund working capital, expand our presence in the marketplace, develop new products, achieve operating efficiencies, and accomplish our long-term business plan. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available on acceptable terms or at all. If we are unable to secure additional funding before we achieve profitability or positive cash flow from operations, then our financial condition could render us unable to continue as a going concern.

Previous wording

Our results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in the cost and availability of raw materials and we are dependent on third-party manufacturers and suppliers.

Current wording

Our results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in the cost and availability of raw materials and our reliance on third-party manufacturers and suppliers.

Previous wording

We currently rely on multiple third-party manufacturers located in Asia to manufacture our batteries and battery cells, and we intend to continue to rely on these suppliers going forward. Lithium-ion batteries are our most significant raw material and are used along with significant amounts of plastics, steel, copper and other materials in our assembly and manufacturing processes. Our third-party manufacturers source the raw materials and battery components required for the production of our batteries directly from third-party suppliers and thus we may have limited control over the agreed pricing for these raw materials and battery components. We estimate that raw material costs account for over half of our cost of goods sold. The costs of these raw materials, particularly lithium-ion batteries, are volatile and beyond our control. Additionally, availability of the raw materials used to manufacture our products may be limited at times resulting in higher prices and/or the need to find alternative suppliers. Furthermore, the cost of raw materials may also be influenced by transportation costs. Volatile raw material costs can significantly affect our results of operations and make period-to-period comparisons extremely difficult. We cannot assure you that we will be able to either hedge the costs or that we or our third-party manufacturers will be able to secure the availability of our raw material requirements at a reasonable level or that we will be able to pass on to our customers the increased costs of our raw materials without affecting demand, or that limited availability of materials will not impact our production capabilities. Our inability to raise the price of our products in response to increases in prices of raw materials or to maintain a proper supply of raw materials could have an adverse effect on our revenue, operating profit, and net income.

Current wording

We currently rely on multiple third-party manufacturers located in Asia to manufacture our batteries and battery cells, and we intend to continue to rely on these suppliers going forward. Lithium-ion batteries are our most significant raw material and are used along with significant amounts of plastics, steel, copper and other materials in our assembly and manufacturing processes. Our third-party manufacturers source the raw materials and battery components required for the production of our batteries directly from third-party suppliers and thus we may have limited control over the agreed pricing for these raw materials and battery components. We estimate that raw material costs account for over half of our cost of goods sold. The costs of these raw materials, particularly lithium-ion batteries, are volatile and beyond our control. Additionally, availability of the raw materials used to manufacture our products may be limited at times resulting in higher prices and/or the need to find alternative suppliers. Furthermore, the cost of raw materials may also be influenced by transportation and freight costs. Volatile raw material costs can significantly affect our results of operations and make period-to-period comparisons extremely difficult. We cannot assure you that we will be able to either hedge the costs or that we or our third-party manufacturers will be able to secure the availability of our raw material requirements at a reasonable level or that we will be able to pass on to our customers the increased costs of our raw materials without affecting demand, or that limited availability of materials will not impact our production capabilities. Our inability to raise the price of our products in response to increases in prices of raw materials or to maintain a proper supply of raw materials could have an adverse effect on our revenue, operating profit, and net income.

Previous wording

In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 82% and 70%, respectively, of inventory purchases were made from foreign suppliers in Asia. Our dependence on a limited number of key third-party manufacturers and suppliers exposes us to challenges and risks in ensuring that we maintain adequate supplies required to produce our batteries. We do not have long-term purchase arrangements with our third-party manufacturers and our purchases are completed on a purchase order basis. Thus, although we carefully manage our inventory and lead times, we may experience a delay or disruption in our supply chain and/or our current suppliers may not continue to provide us with lithium-ion batteries in our required quantities or to our required specifications and quality levels or at attractive prices. Our close working relationships with our foreign suppliers to date, reflected in our ability to increase our purchase order volumes (qualifying us for related volume-based discounts) and to order and receive delivery of components in advance of required demand, has helped us moderate or offset increased supply-related costs associated with inflation, currency fluctuations, and tariffs imposed on our battery imports by the U.S. government. However, if we are unable to enter into or maintain commercial arrangements with these suppliers on favorable terms, or if any of these suppliers experience unanticipated delays, disruptions or shutdowns or other difficulties ramping up their supply of products or materials to meet our requirements, our assembly operations and customer deliveries would be seriously impacted, potentially resulting in liquidated damages and harm to our customer relationships. Although we believe we could locate alternative suppliers to fulfill our needs, we may be unable to find a sufficient alternative supply in a reasonable time or on commercially reasonable terms.

Current wording

In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, approximately 55% and 82%, respectively, of inventory purchases were made from foreign suppliers in Asia. Our dependence on a limited number of key third-party manufacturers and suppliers exposes us to challenges and risks in ensuring that we maintain adequate supplies required to produce our batteries. We do not have long-term purchase arrangements with our third-party manufacturers and generally transact on a purchase order basis. Thus, although we carefully manage our inventory and lead times, we may face challenges obtaining favorable pricing, consistent quality specifications, and sufficient quantities of lithium-ion batteries and other materials from these suppliers. Our close working relationships with our foreign suppliers to date, reflected in our ability to increase our purchase order volumes (qualifying us for related volume-based discounts) and to order and receive delivery of components in advance of required demand, has helped us moderate or offset increased supply-related costs associated with inflation, currency fluctuations, and tariffs imposed on our battery imports by the U.S. government. However, if we are unable to enter into or maintain commercial arrangements with these suppliers on favorable terms, our assembly operations and customer deliveries would be seriously impacted, potentially resulting in contractual penalties or other liabilities and harm to our customer relationships. Although we believe we could locate alternative suppliers to fulfill our needs, we may be unable to find a sufficient alternative supply in a reasonable time or on commercially reasonable terms.

Previous wording

Several of our key manufacturers and suppliers are located in China, and we are exposed to the possibility of product supply disruption and increased costs in the event of changes in the policies, laws, rules and regulations of the United States or Chinese governments, as well as political unrest or unstable economic conditions in China. For example, trade tensions between the United States and China have been escalating in recent years. Notably, the lithium-ion battery industry has been subjected to tariffs implemented by the United States government on goods imported from China. There is an ongoing risk of new or additional tariffs being put in place on lithium-ion batteries or related parts which would significantly increase our cost of goods sold, which could require us to increase prices to our customers or, if we are unable to do so, result in lower gross margins on the products sold by us. In addition, these tariffs could make our products less competitive than those of our competitors whose inputs are not subject to these tariffs. These U.S. tariff impositions against Chinese exports have been followed by a round of retaliatory Chinese tariffs on U.S. exports to China. The imposition of additional tariffs by the United States could trigger the adoption of tariffs by other countries as well. Any resulting escalation of trade tensions, including a “trade war,” could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy, as well as on our results of operations. At this time, we cannot predict how such enacted tariffs will impact our business. We may otherwise experience supply disruptions or delays, and although we carefully manage our inventory and lead-times, our suppliers may not continue to provide us with battery components in our required quantities, to our required specifications and quality levels or at attractive prices.

Current wording

Several of our key manufacturers and suppliers are located in China, and we are exposed to the possibility of product supply disruption and increased costs in the event of changes in the policies, laws, rules and regulations of the United States or Chinese governments, as well as political unrest or unstable economic conditions in China. For example, trade tensions between the United States and China have been escalating in recent years. Notably, the lithium-ion battery industry has been subjected to tariffs implemented by the United States government on goods imported from China. There is an ongoing risk of new or additional tariffs being imposed on lithium-ion batteries or related parts which would significantly increase our cost of goods sold, which could require us to increase prices to our customers or, if we are unable to do so, result in lower gross margins on the products sold by us. In addition, these tariffs could make our products less competitive than those of our competitors whose inputs are not subject to these tariffs. These U.S. tariff impositions against Chinese exports have been followed by a round of retaliatory Chinese tariffs on U.S. exports to China. Any resulting escalation of trade tensions, including a “trade war,” could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy, as well as on our results of operations. At this time, we cannot predict whether additional tariffs or trade restrictions will be imposed or the extent to which they may impact our business.

Previous wording

Further, we may be unable to control price fluctuations for these components or negotiate supply arrangements on favorable terms to us. We may also be exposed to fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the Renminbi with any appreciation in the value of the Renminbi increasing our costs for lithium-ion batteries and other raw materials sourced from China. Substantial increases in the prices for our lithium-ion batteries and other raw materials would increase our operating costs and negatively impact our results of operations. In addition, foreign currency fluctuations relative to the value of the U.S. dollar could affect the price of components and materials used in our batteries and sourced from countries other than the United States.

Current wording

Further, we may be unable to control price fluctuations for these components or negotiate supply arrangements on favorable terms to us. We may also be exposed to fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the Renminbi with any appreciation in the value of the Renminbi increasing our costs for lithium-ion batteries and other raw materials sourced from China. Substantial increases in the prices for our lithium-ion batteries and other raw materials would increase our operating costs and negatively impact our results of operations. In addition, foreign currency fluctuations relative to the value of the U.S. dollar could affect the price of components and materials used in our batteries and sourced from countries other than the United States. Demand for lithium-ion batteries and other raw materials used in our products may also increase as a result of growing global demand from EV and energy storage industries, which could further increase the cost or reduce the availability of these materials.

Previous wording

Increases in costs, disruption of supply or shortage of any of our battery components, such as electronic and mechanical parts, or raw materials used in the production of such parts, could harm our business.

Current wording

Increases in costs, disruption of supply, or shortage of any of our battery components such as electronic and mechanical parts could harm our business.

Previous wording

We currently derive a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers. Sales to one customer totaled approximately 14% of our gross sales during the year ended December 31, 2024, and four other customers had accounts receivable balances representing 60% of our total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, sales to two customers totaled approximately 21% of our gross sales, and four other customers had accounts receivable balances representing 92% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023. There are inherent risks whenever a large percentage of gross sales are concentrated with a limited number of customers. In addition, our sales are completed on a purchase order basis and most are without firm, long-term revenue commitments or sales arrangements. It is not possible for us to predict the future level of demand for our products and services that will be generated by our customers or the future demand for the products and services of our other customers. If any of our customers experience declining or delayed sales due to market, economic or competitive conditions, we could be pressured to reduce the prices we charge for our products which could have an adverse effect on our margins and financial position and could negatively affect our revenue and results of operations and/or trading price of our common stock. Furthermore, there is inherent risk associated with accounts receivable concentration as a deterioration in the financial condition of a limited number of account debtors, or any other factor which affects their ability or willingness to pay could in turn have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Current wording

We currently derive a significant portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers. Sales to four customers totaled approximately 60% of our gross sales during the year ended December 31, 2025, and these customers had accounts receivable balances representing 69% of our total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, sales to one customer represented approximately 14% of our gross sales, and four other customers had accounts receivable balances representing 60% of total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024. There are inherent risks whenever a large percentage of gross sales are concentrated with a limited number of customers. In addition, most of our sales are completed on a purchase order basis and most are without firm, long-term revenue commitments or sales arrangements. It is not possible for us to predict the future level of demand for our products and services that will be generated by our customers or the future demand for the products and services of our other customers. If any of our customers experience declining or delayed sales due to market, economic or competitive conditions, we could be pressured to reduce the prices we charge for our products which could have an adverse effect on our margins and financial position and could negatively affect our revenue and results of operations and/or trading price of our common stock. Furthermore, there is inherent risk associated with accounts receivable concentration as a deterioration in the financial condition of a limited number of account debtors, or any other factor which affects their ability or willingness to pay could in turn have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Previous wording

We are exposed to risks associated with public health crises and epidemics or pandemics. A widespread health crisis could adversely affect the global economy, resulting in an economic downturn that could impact our operations and demand for our products and therefore have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. For example, the COVID-19 global pandemic adversely impacted our operations, supply chains, and distribution systems as well as those of our third-party suppliers and manufacturers, which are located in the United States, Asia and Europe. A future public health epidemic or outbreak may make it more difficult for us and our third-party manufacturers to find sufficient components or raw materials and component parts on a timely basis or at a cost-effective price. Any performance failure on the part of any of our significant suppliers or third-party manufacturers could interrupt production of our products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, during the pandemic we experienced shortages and workforce slowdowns due to stay-at-home mandates, illness among our workforce, delays in shipping finished products to customers, and delays in our receiving batteries and certain components. The highly competitive labor market made it difficult to recruit and maintain a workforce properly sized and suited for our operational and strategic needs, which further adversely impacted our business, and any future incidence of disease could similarly impact our business. In addition, while the pandemic positively impacted our battery sales due to more consumers adopting the RV lifestyle, there is no guarantee that any such increase would be sustained, which could cause our results of operations to fluctuate.

Current wording

We are exposed to risks associated with public health crises, epidemics or pandemics, and other widespread disruptions that could adversely affect the global economy, supply chain, and demand for our products. For example, the COVID-19 global pandemic adversely impacted our operations, supply chains, and distribution systems as well as those of our third-party suppliers and manufacturers, and similar disruptions could occur in the future due to other public health events or comparable global disruptions. A future public health epidemic or outbreak may make it more difficult for us and our third-party manufacturers to find sufficient components or raw materials and component parts on a timely basis or at a cost-effective price. Any performance failure on the part of any of our significant suppliers or third-party manufacturers could interrupt production of our products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, during the pandemic we experienced shortages and workforce slowdowns due to stay-at-home mandates, illness among our workforce, delays in shipping finished products to customers, and delays in our receiving batteries and certain components. The highly competitive labor market made it difficult to recruit and maintain a workforce properly sized and suited for our operational and strategic needs, which further adversely impacted our business, and any future incidence of disease could similarly impact our business. In addition, while the pandemic positively impacted our battery sales due to more consumers adopting the RV lifestyle, there is no guarantee that any such increase would be sustained, which could cause our results of operations to fluctuate.

Previous wording

Our success, and our ability to increase sales and operate profitably, depends on our ability to identify target customers and convert these customers into meaningful orders, as well as our continued development of existing customer relationships. If we are unable to expand our sales and distribution channels, we may not be able to increase revenue or achieve market acceptance of our products. We are expanding our direct sales force and plan to recruit additional sales personnel. New sales personnel will require training and take time to achieve full productivity, and there is strong competition for qualified sales personnel in our business. In addition, we believe our future success is dependent upon establishing successful relationships with a variety of distribution partners. To date, we have entered into agreements with only a small number of these distribution partners. We cannot be certain that we will be able to reach agreement with additional distribution partners on a timely basis or at all, or that these distribution partners will devote adequate resources to selling our products. Furthermore, if our distribution partners fail to adequately market or support our products, the reputation of our products in the market may suffer. In addition, we will need to manage potential conflicts between our direct sales force and any third-party reselling efforts. There can be no assurances that any of our efforts to expand our sales and distribution channels will be successful.

Current wording

Our success, and our ability to increase sales and operate profitably, depends on our ability to identify target customers and convert these customers into meaningful orders, as well as our continued development of existing customer relationships. If we are unable to expand our sales and distribution channels, we may not be able to increase revenue or achieve market acceptance of our products. The company may expand its direct sales force by recruiting additional sales personnel. Newly-hired sales personnel will require training and may take time to achieve full productivity. The Company operates in a competitive market for experienced sales professionals, which may impact recruiting efforts. In addition, we believe our future success is dependent upon establishing successful relationships with a variety of distribution partners. To date, we have entered into agreements with only a small number of these distribution partners. We cannot be certain that we will be able to reach agreement with additional distribution partners on a timely basis or at all, or that these distribution partners will devote adequate resources to selling our products. Furthermore, if our distribution partners fail to adequately market or support our products, the reputation of our products in the market may suffer. In addition, we will need to manage potential conflicts between our direct sales force and any third-party reselling efforts. There can be no assurances that any of our efforts to expand our sales and distribution channels will be successful.

Previous wording

Our results of operations are directly affected by the general global economic conditions of the industries in which our major customer groups operate. Our business is also highly dependent on the economic and market conditions in each of the geographic areas in which we operate. Our products are heavily dependent on the end markets that we serve and our results of operations will vary by location, depending on the economic environment in these markets. Sales of our RV and marine power products, for example, depend significantly on demand for new electric products for RVs and marine applications, which, in turn, depends on end-user demand for RVs and boats. The uncertainty in global economic conditions varies by geographic location and can result in substantial volatility in global credit markets, particularly in the United States. These conditions, including levels of consumer spending, economic recessions, slow economic growth, economic and pricing instability, inflation levels, increase of interest rates, credit market volatility and adverse developments affecting financial institutions, could affect our business by reducing prices that our customers may be able or willing to pay for our products or by reducing the demand for our products. In addition, the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Palestine conflict has and may continue to further exacerbate disruptions in the global supply chain. As a result of sanctions imposed in relation to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, gas prices in the United States have risen to historic levels, and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have impacted global shipping routes. Any rise in the cost of fuel may cause a decrease in RV travel, which could ultimately negatively impact sales of our batteries for RVs. We have also historically experienced increased shipping costs as a result of increased fuel costs and shutdowns at the ports through which our lithium-ion batteries and other raw materials are shipped, and such costs could adversely impact our results of operations in future periods. Any of the above factors could, in turn, negatively impact our sales and earnings generation and result in a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, results of operations and financial position.

Current wording

Our results of operations are directly affected by the general global economic conditions of the industries in which our major customer groups operate. Our business is also highly dependent on the economic and market conditions in each of the geographic areas in which we operate. Our products are heavily dependent on the end markets that we serve and our results of operations will vary by location, depending on the economic environment in these markets. Sales of our RV and marine power products, for example, depend significantly on demand for new electric products for RVs and marine applications, which, in turn, depends on end-user demand for RVs and boats. We are actively expanding our product offerings and customer base into industrial, commercial, construction, surveillance, remote monitoring, and other adjacent markets in an effort to diversify revenue sources and reduce reliance on the RV and marine end markets; however, these efforts may not offset fluctuations in our core markets. The uncertainty in global economic conditions varies by geographic location and can result in substantial volatility in global credit markets, particularly in the United States. These conditions, including levels of consumer spending, economic recessions, slow economic growth, economic and pricing instability, inflation levels, increase of interest rates, credit market volatility and adverse developments affecting financial institutions, could affect our business by reducing prices that our customers may be able or willing to pay for our products or by reducing the demand for our products. In addition, the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Palestine conflict has and may continue to further exacerbate disruptions in the global supply chain. As a result of sanctions imposed in relation to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, gas prices in the United States have risen to historic levels, and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have impacted global shipping routes. Any rise in the cost of fuel may cause a decrease in RV travel, which could ultimately negatively impact sales of our batteries for RVs. We have also historically experienced increased shipping costs as a result of increased fuel costs and shutdowns at the ports through which our lithium-ion batteries and other raw materials are shipped, and such costs could adversely impact our results of operations in future periods. Any of the above factors could, in turn, negatively impact our sales and earnings generation and result in a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, results of operations, and financial position.

Previous wording

As we operate in various locations around the world, our operations in certain countries are subject to significant governmental scrutiny and may be adversely impacted by the results of such scrutiny. The regulatory environment with regard to our business is evolving, and officials often exercise broad discretion in deciding how to interpret and apply applicable regulations. From time to time, we receive formal and informal inquiries from various government regulatory authorities, as well as self-regulatory organizations, about our business and compliance with local laws, regulations or standards. Any determination that our operations or activities, or the activities of our employees, are not in compliance with existing laws, regulations or standards could result in the imposition of substantial fines, interruptions of business, loss of supplier, vendor, customer or other third-party relationships, termination of necessary licenses and permits, or similar results, all of which could potentially harm our business and/or reputation. Even if an inquiry does not result in these types of determinations, regulatory authorities could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner materially adverse to our business, and it potentially could create negative publicity which could harm our business and/or reputation.

Current wording

As we operate in various locations around the world, our operations in certain countries are subject to significant governmental scrutiny and may be adversely impacted by the results of such scrutiny, including regulations relating to environmental compliance, hazardous materials, product safety, and international trade. The regulatory environment with regard to our business is evolving, and officials often exercise broad discretion in deciding how to interpret and apply applicable regulations. From time to time, we receive formal and informal inquiries from various government regulatory authorities, as well as self-regulatory organizations, about our business and compliance with local laws, regulations or standards. Any determination that our operations or activities, or the activities of our employees, are not in compliance with existing laws, regulations or standards could result in the imposition of substantial fines, interruptions of business, loss of supplier, vendor, customer or other third-party relationships, termination of necessary licenses and permits, or similar results, all of which could potentially harm our business and/or reputation. Even if an inquiry does not result in these types of determinations, regulatory authorities could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner materially adverse to our business, and it potentially could create negative publicity which could harm our business and/or reputation.

Previous wording

We are currently, and will likely continue to be, dependent on our two warehouse facilities. If our facilities become inoperable for any reason, our ability to produce our products could be negatively impacted.

Current wording

We are currently, and will likely continue to be, dependent on a limited number of warehouse facilities. If our facilities become inoperable for any reason, our ability to produce our products could be negatively impacted.

Previous wording

Our lithium-ion batteries use LiFePO4 as the cathode material for lithium-ion cells. On rare occasions, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by releasing smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials and other lithium-ion cells. This faulty result could subject us to lawsuits, product recalls, or redesign efforts, all of which would be time-consuming and expensive. Further, negative public perceptions regarding the suitability or safety of lithium-ion cells or any future incident involving lithium-ion cells, such as a vehicle or other fire, even if such incident does not involve our products, could seriously harm our business and reputation.

Current wording

Our lithium-ion batteries use LiFePO4 as the cathode material for lithium-ion cells. On rare occasions, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by releasing smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials and other lithium-ion cells. This could subject us to lawsuits, product recalls, or redesign efforts, all of which would be time-consuming and expensive. Further, negative public perceptions regarding the suitability or safety of lithium-ion cells or any future incident involving lithium-ion cells, such as a vehicle or other fire, even if such incident does not involve our products, could seriously harm our business and reputation.

Previous wording

In the event that any of our products prove to be defective, we may be required to recall or redesign such products, which would result in significant unexpected costs. Any insurance we maintain may not be available on terms acceptable to us or such coverage may not be adequate for liabilities actually incurred. Further, any claim or product recall could result in adverse publicity against us, which could adversely affect our sales or increase our costs.

Current wording

Our product offerings and energy storage solutions, which are complex, could contain design- or manufacturing-related defects, or may not operate at expected performance levels. We face an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the use of any of our products results in personal injury or property damage. In the event that any of our products prove to be defective, we may be required to recall or redesign such products, which would result in significant unexpected costs. Any insurance we maintain may not be available on terms acceptable to us or such coverage may not be adequate for liabilities actually incurred. Further, any claim or product recall could result in adverse publicity against us, which could adversely affect our sales or increase our costs.

Previous wording

We are also exposed to potential liability and product performance warranty risks that are inherent in the design, assemble, manufacture and sale of our products. We sell the majority of our products to customers with conditional repair or replacement warranties. For example, our branded DC mobile chargers are warrantied for two years from the date of sale, and our branded VPR 4EVER Classic and Platinum batteries are warrantied at gradually lesser levels over a 12-year period from date of sale. As a result, we bear the risk of warranty claims long after we have sold the product and recognized revenue. In addition, under real world operating conditions, which may vary by location and design, as well as environmental conditions, our products may perform in a different way than under standard test conditions or other failure data sets. We depend significantly on our reputation for safety and reliability and high-quality products and services, exceptional customer service, and our brand name to attract new customers and maintain our current customers, and grow our business. If our products do not perform as anticipated or we experience unexpected reliability problems or widespread product failures, our brand and market reputation could be significantly impaired and we may lose, or be unable to gain or retain, customers which could impact our business and results of operations.

Current wording

We are also exposed to potential liability and product performance warranty risks that are inherent in the design, assembly, manufacture, and sale of our products. We sell the majority of our products to customers with conditional repair or replacement warranties. Expion360-branded products are warrantied for up to twelve years from the date of sale. As a result, we bear the risk of warranty claims long after we have sold the product and recognized revenue. In addition, under real-world operating conditions, which may vary by location and design, as well as environmental conditions, our products may perform in a different way than under standard test conditions or other failure data sets. We depend significantly on our reputation for safety and reliability and high-quality products and services, exceptional customer service, and our brand name to attract new customers and maintain our current customers, and grow our business. If our products do not perform as anticipated or we experience unexpected reliability problems or widespread product failures, our brand and market reputation could be significantly impaired and we may lose, or be unable to gain or retain, customers which could impact our business and results of operations.

Previous wording

We have been required to make assumptions and apply judgments, including the durability and reliability of our products, regarding their performance over the estimated warranty period and our anticipated rate of warranty claims. We have a relatively limited operating history and must project how our offerings will perform over the estimated warranty period and the estimated reserve may have material changes. Historically, there have been very few claims and costs for repairs or replacement parts have been nominal. However, warranty reserves include our management’s best estimates of the projected costs to repair or replace items under warranty, which is based on estimated failure rates. Our assumptions could prove to be materially different from the actual performance of our products, causing us to incur substantial expense to repair or replace defective products in the future. An increase in our estimates of future warranty obligations could cause us to increase the amount of warranty obligations. If our warranty reserves are inadequate to cover future warranty claims on our energy storage products, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Current wording

We have been required to make assumptions and apply judgments, including the durability and reliability of our products, regarding their performance over the estimated warranty period and the anticipated number and value of warranty claims. We have a relatively limited operating history and must project how our offerings will perform over the estimated warranty period and the estimated reserve may have material changes. Historically, there have been very few claims and the costs associated with repairs or replacement parts associated with those claims have been nominal so we expense warranty claims as occurred and do not accrue an allowance. Our assumptions could prove to be materially different from the actual performance of our products, causing us to incur substantial expense to repair or replace defective products in the future. An increase in our estimates of future warranty obligations could cause us to increase the amount of warranty obligations. If our warranty reserves are inadequate to cover future warranty claims on our energy storage products, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Previous wording

We are subject to a variety of litigation, tax, environmental, health and safety and other legal compliance risks. These risks include, among other things, possible liability relating to product liability matters, personal injuries, intellectual property rights, contract-related claims, government contracts, taxes, health and safety liabilities, environmental matters and compliance with competition laws and laws governing improper business practices. We could be charged with wrongdoing as a result of such matters. If convicted or found liable, we could be subject to significant fines, penalties, repayments or other damages (in certain cases, treble damages). In the area of taxes, changes in tax laws and regulations, as well as changes in related interpretations and other tax guidance could materially impact our tax receivables and liabilities and our deferred tax assets and tax liabilities.

Current wording

We are subject to a variety of litigation, tax, environmental, health and safety and other legal compliance risks. These risks include, among other things, possible liability relating to product liability matters, personal injuries, intellectual property rights, contract-related claims, government contracts, taxes, health and safety liabilities, environmental matters, and compliance with competition laws and laws governing improper business practices. We could be charged with wrongdoing as a result of such matters. If convicted or found liable, we could be subject to significant fines, penalties, repayments, or other damages (in certain cases, treble damages). In the area of taxes, changes in tax laws and regulations, as well as changes in related interpretations and other tax guidance could materially impact our tax liabilities and our deferred tax assets and tax liabilities.

Previous wording

Changes in environmental and climate laws or regulations could lead to new or additional investment in production designs and could increase environmental compliance expenditures. For example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency has promulgated regulations applicable to projects involving greenhouse gas emissions above a certain threshold, and the United States and certain states within the United States have enacted, or are considering, limitations on greenhouse gas emissions.

Current wording

Changes in environmental and climate laws or regulations could lead to new or additional investment in production designs and could increase environmental compliance expenditures. For example, federal and state regulators, including the United States Environmental Protection Agency, have promulgated and may continue to promulgate regulations relating to greenhouse gas emissions, hazardous air pollutants, energy use, and climate-related reporting and compliance obligations. In addition, the United States and certain states have enacted, or are considering, limitations on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon pricing mechanisms, and other climate-related regulatory measures that could affect manufacturing, supply chains, energy costs, or capital expenditures.

Previous wording

Our success will depend on our ability to develop new products and capabilities that respond to consumer demand, industry trends, or developments by our competitors. There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully develop new products and capabilities that adequately respond to these forces. In addition, many new energy storage technologies have been introduced over the past several years. For certain important and growing markets, such as aerospace and defense, lithium-based battery technologies have a large and growing market share. Our ability to achieve significant and sustained penetration of key developing markets, including the RV marine, and home energy markets, will depend upon our success in developing or acquiring these and other technologies, either independently, through joint ventures, or through acquisitions, which in each case may require significant capital. In addition, new product introductions and technologies are risky, and may suffer from a lack of market acceptance, delays in related product development and failure of new products to operate properly. Any failure by us to successfully launch new products, or a failure by us to meet our customers criteria in order to accept such products, could adversely affect our results. If we fail to develop or acquire, assemble and manufacture and sell, products that satisfy our customers’ demands, or we fail to respond effectively to new product announcements by our competitors by quickly introducing competitive products, then we may fail to maintain our competitive position in our markets, and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that our portfolio of primarily lithium-ion products will remain competitive with products based on new technologies.

Current wording

Our success will depend on our ability to develop new products and capabilities that respond to consumer demand, industry trends, or developments by our competitors. There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully develop new products and capabilities that adequately respond to these forces. In addition, many new energy storage technologies have been introduced over the past several years. For certain important and growing markets, such as aerospace and defense, lithium-based battery technologies have a large and growing market share. Our ability to achieve significant and sustained penetration of key developing markets, including the RV, marine, and industrial markets, will depend upon our success in developing or acquiring these and other technologies, either independently, through joint ventures, or through acquisitions, which in each case may require significant capital. In addition, new product introductions and technologies are risky, and may suffer from a lack of market acceptance, delays in related product development and failure of new products to operate properly. Any failure by us to successfully launch new products, or a failure by us to meet our customers’ criteria in order to accept such products, could adversely affect our results. If we fail to develop or acquire, assemble and manufacture and sell, products that satisfy our customers’ demands, or we fail to respond effectively to new product announcements by our competitors by quickly introducing competitive products, then we may fail to maintain our competitive position in our markets, and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected. We cannot assure you that our portfolio of primarily lithium-ion products will remain competitive with products based on new technologies.

Previous wording

We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, non-disclosure agreements and other confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to establish, protect and maintain our proprietary intellectual property and technology and other confidential information. Certain of these technologies, especially battery case construction, are important to our business and are not protected by patents. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary intellectual property and technology and other confidential information, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property and proprietary technologies. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property and technology, we may lose any technological advantage we currently enjoy and may be required to take an impairment charge with respect to the carrying value of such intellectual property or goodwill established in connection with the acquisition thereof. In either case, our results of operations and net income may be adversely affected. In addition, entities holding intellectual property rights relating to our technology may bring suits alleging infringement of such rights or otherwise asserting their rights and seeking licenses. Any such litigation or claims, whether or not valid or successful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and our management’s attention. If we are determined to have infringed upon a third-party’s intellectual property rights, we may have to pay substantial damages, obtain a license or cease making certain products, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Current wording

We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws, non-disclosure agreements, and other confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to establish, protect, and maintain our proprietary intellectual property and technology and other confidential information. Certain of these technologies, especially battery case construction, are important to our business and are not protected by patents, and certain assets of our technology may not be protected by issued patents and instead rely on trade secret protection and other contractual safeguards. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary intellectual property and technology and other confidential information, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property and proprietary technologies. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property and technology, we may lose our competitive position or any technological advantage we may have developed, and our results of operations and net income may be adversely affected. In addition, entities holding intellectual property rights relating to our technology may bring suits alleging infringement of such rights or otherwise asserting their rights and seeking licenses. Any such litigation or claims, whether or not valid or successful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and our management’s attention. If we are determined to have infringed upon a third-party’s intellectual property rights, we may have to pay substantial damages, obtain a license, or cease making certain products, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Previous wording

In addition, actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks. If banks or financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in response to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, our ability to raise additional financing or to access our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments may be threatened.

Current wording

In addition, actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance, or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties, or other companies in the financial services industry as well as concerns or rumors regarding such events, could adversely affect the financial services industry generally and our liquidity and financial condition. If banks or financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in response to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, our ability to raise additional financing or to access our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments may be threatened.

Previous wording

Our success depends in part on our ability to attract, retain and motivate senior management and other key employees. Achieving this objective may be difficult due to many factors, including fluctuations in global economic and industry conditions, competitors’ hiring practices, cost reduction activities, and the effectiveness of our compensation programs. Competition for qualified personnel can be very intense. We must continue to recruit, retain and motivate senior management and other key employees sufficient to maintain our current business and support our future projects. We are vulnerable to attrition among our current senior management team and other key employees. A loss of any such personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, John Yozamp, our co-founder, former Chief Business Development Officer, and former Chief Executive Officer, pioneered multiple new recreational concepts in the RV industry and leveraged extensive relationships in the RV OEM business to establish our company. Mr. Yozamp retired as Chief Business Development Officer as of December 31, 2023. In addition, Greg Aydelott, our Chief Financial Officer, resigned from his role as of December 31, 2024. While we believe we have successfully transitioned from these departures and have sufficient experience among our management team, any additional attrition among senior management or key employees could adversely impact us. The board has commenced a search for a new Chief Financial Officer. If we are unsuccessful in our succession planning efforts, the continuity of our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Current wording

Our success depends in part on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate senior management and other key employees. Achieving this objective may be difficult due to many factors, including fluctuations in global economic and industry conditions, competitors’ hiring practices, cost reduction activities, and the effectiveness of our compensation programs. Competition for qualified personnel can be very intense. We must continue to recruit, retain, and motivate senior management and other key employees sufficient to maintain our current business and support our future projects. We are vulnerable to attrition among our current senior management team and other key employees. A loss of any such personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In 2025, certain members of our senior leadership team departed, and we appointed new executive officers, including internal promotions to the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer roles. Although these executives have prior experience with the Company and we believe we have maintained operational continuity, leadership transitions may result in temporary disruption, changes in strategic direction, or uncertainty among employees, customers, or other stakeholders. Any additional attrition among senior management or key employees, or any failure of our succession planning efforts, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Previous wording

The income and non-income tax regimes we are subject to or operate under are unsettled and may be subject to significant change. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings, or changes in interpretations of existing laws, could materially affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The overall tax environment remains uncertain and increasingly complex. Future changes in tax laws, treaties or regulations, and their interpretation or enforcement, may be unpredictable, particularly as taxing jurisdictions face an increasing number of political, budgetary, and other fiscal challenges. In the U.S., various proposals to change corporate income taxes are periodically considered. Tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we operate may change as a result of macroeconomic and other factors outside of our control, making it increasingly difficult to operate with certainty about taxation. For example, changes to U.S. tax laws enacted in December 2017 had a significant impact on our tax obligations and effective tax rate beginning 2018, and the full consequences of the significant changes to U.S. tax laws as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”) have not yet been fully determined. These enactments and future possible guidance from the applicable taxing authorities may have a material impact on our results of operations. In addition, regulatory or legislative developments may arise from various U.S. tax reform proposals, some of which include proposed changes to the U.S. tax laws, which, if adopted, could result in increased taxation of our business operations. We closely monitor these proposals as they arise in the countries where it operates. Changes to the statutory tax rate may occur at any time, and any related expense or benefit recorded may be material to the fiscal quarter and year in which the law change is enacted. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of our tax audits and disputes to determine the appropriateness of our tax reserves. However, any tax authority could take a position on tax treatment that is contrary to our expectations, which could result in tax liabilities in excess of reserves. In addition, the foregoing items, as well as any future changes in tax laws, could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, financial condition, or results of operations.

Current wording

The income and non-income tax regimes we are subject to or operate under are unsettled and may be subject to significant change. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings, or changes in interpretations of existing laws, could materially affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The overall tax environment remains uncertain and increasingly complex. Future changes in tax laws, treaties or regulations, and their interpretation or enforcement, may be unpredictable, particularly as taxing jurisdictions face an increasing number of political, budgetary, and other fiscal challenges. In the U.S., various proposals to change corporate income taxes are periodically considered. Tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we operate may change as a result of macroeconomic and other factors outside of our control, making it increasingly difficult to operate with certainty about taxation. For example, changes to U.S. tax laws enacted in December 2017 had a significant impact on our tax obligations and effective tax rate beginning 2018, and the full consequences of the significant changes to U.S. tax laws as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 have not yet been fully determined. These enactments and future possible guidance from the applicable taxing authorities may have a material impact on our results of operations. In addition, regulatory or legislative developments may arise from various U.S. tax reform proposals, some of which include proposed changes to the U.S. tax laws, which, if adopted, could result in increased taxation of our business operations. We closely monitor these proposals as they arise in the countries where it operates. Changes to the statutory tax rate may occur at any time, and any related expense or benefit recorded may be material to the fiscal quarter and year in which the law change is enacted. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of our tax audits and disputes to determine the appropriateness of our tax reserves. However, any tax authority could take a position on tax treatment that is contrary to our expectations, which could result in tax liabilities in excess of reserves.

Previous wording

You will experience additional dilution upon the exercise of options and warrants to purchase our common stock, including those options currently outstanding and possibly those granted in the future, and the issuance of restricted stock or other equity awards under our stock incentive plans. As of December 31, 2024, we had 200,000,000 shares of common stock authorized, of which 2,096,082 were issued. Subsequent to December 31, 2024, we issued to certain institutional investors in connection with a registered direct offering (i) 474,193 shares of common stock; and (ii) 574,193 pre-funded warrants (the “January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 574,193 shares of common stock (the “January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrant Shares”). The January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants were all exercised immediately upon issuance. In a concurrent private placement that closed January 3, 2025, the Company also issued to the institutional investors unregistered warrants (the “January 2025 Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,048,386 shares of common stock. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—January 2025 Registered Direct Offering and Warrant Private Placement” for additional information regarding the offering.

Current wording

You will experience additional dilution upon the exercise of options and warrants to purchase our common stock, including those options currently outstanding and possibly those granted in the future, and the issuance of restricted stock or other equity awards under our stock incentive plans. As of December 31, 2025, we had 200,000,000 shares of common stock authorized, of which 9,781,739 were issued. In January 2025, we completed a registered direct offering and concurrent private placement pursuant to which we issued shares of common stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock, and in October 2025 we issued shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants in a private placement. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional information regarding the offerings.

Previous wording

Our Articles of Incorporation authorizes us to issue shares of common stock and options, rights, warrants and appreciation rights relating to common stock for the consideration and on the terms and conditions established by our Board in its sole discretion, whether in connection with our incentive plans, acquisitions or otherwise. We have reserved 10,000 shares of common stock for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding stock options under the 2021 Incentive Award Plan and 25,000 shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to our 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. In addition, as of December 31, 2024, there were outstanding warrants to purchase up to 5,380,965 shares of common stock. In addition, there are 11,430 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of equity incentive awards outstanding under our 2021 Incentive Award Plan as of December 31, 2024. Any common stock that we issue, including stock issued under our 2021 Incentive Award Plan or other equity incentive plans that we may adopt in the future, as well as under outstanding options or warrants would dilute the percentage ownership held by our common stockholders. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may also experience substantial additional dilution.

Current wording

Our Articles of Incorporation authorizes us to issue shares of common stock and options, rights, warrants, and appreciation rights relating to common stock for the consideration and on the terms and conditions established by our Board in its sole discretion, whether in connection with our incentive plans, acquisitions, or otherwise. We have reserved shares of common stock for issuance under the 2021 Incentive Award Plan and 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Any common stock that we issue, including stock issued under our 2021 Incentive Award Plan or other equity incentive plans that we may adopt in the future, as well as under outstanding options or warrants, would dilute the percentage ownership held by our common stockholders. In addition, we have sold, and may continue to sell, shares of common stock under our at-the-market program, which may result in additional dilution. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may also experience substantial additional dilution.

Previous wording

If our existing stockholders sell substantial amounts of our securities in the public market, including the shares of common stock issued or issuable upon the exercise of the August 2024 Pre-Funded Warrants, Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants issued in the August 2024 Public Offering, as well as shares of common stock issued in the January 2025 Registered Direct Offering (including the January 2025 Pre-Funded Warrant Shares) and upon the issuance of shares of common stock upon the exercise, if any, of the January 2025 Warrants, and shares issued as consideration in any future acquisitions, or the market perceives that such sales may occur, the market price of our securities could fall and we may be unable to sell our securities in the future. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—August 2024 Public Offering and Subsequent Warrant Exercises and Adjustments to Warrant Exercise and Reset Prices” and “—January 2025 Registered Direct Offering and Warrant Private Placement” for additional information regarding the August 2024 Public Offering and January 2025 Registered Direct Offering, respectively. The perception in the public market that our stockholders might sell securities could also depress our market price. As of March 25, 2025, we had 3,144,468 shares of common stock outstanding. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants issued to the underwriters (or their designees) in connection with our initial public offering (the “Underwriter Warrants”), the holders of the Underwriter Warrants have the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to register the sale of the shares of our common stock underlying their Underwriter Warrants under the Securities Act.

Current wording

If our existing stockholders sell substantial amounts of our securities in the public market, including the shares of common stock issued or issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants or warrants that may be issued in the future, and shares issued as consideration in any future acquisitions, or the market perceives that such sales may occur, the market price of our securities could fall and we may be unable to sell our securities in the future. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—August 2024 Public Offering and Subsequent Warrant Exercises and Adjustments to Warrant Exercise and Reset Prices” and “—January 2025 Registered Direct Offering and Warrant Private Placement” for additional information regarding the August 2024 Public Offering and January 2025 Registered Direct Offering, respectively. The perception in the public market that our stockholders might sell securities could also depress our market price. As of March 11, 2026, we had 10,846,135 shares of common stock outstanding. Pursuant to the terms of the warrants issued to the underwriters (or their designees) in connection with our initial public offering (the “Underwriter Warrants”), the holders of the Underwriter Warrants have the right, subject to certain conditions, to require us to register the sale of the shares of our common stock underlying their Underwriter Warrants under the Securities Act.

Previous wording

If the holders of the Underwriter Warrants exercise their registration rights, the market price of shares of our securities may drop significantly. In addition, all of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options under the 2021 Incentive Award Plan and all of the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan have been registered for public resale under the Securities Act. A decline in the price of shares of our securities might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities.

Current wording

If the holders of the Underwriter Warrants exercise their registration rights, the market price of shares of our securities may drop significantly. In addition, all of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options under the 2021 Incentive Award Plan and all of the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan have been registered for public resale under the Securities Act. A decline in the price of shares of our securities might impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or other equity securities.

Previous wording

Our common stock currently is listed on Nasdaq. We are required to meet specified financial requirements in order to maintain such listing, including a requirement that the bid price for our common stock remain above $1.00. On September 6, 2024, as expected, we received a staff determination from The Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) to delist our common stock from Nasdaq. On September 12, 2024, we requested an appeal hearing, staying the delisting of the common stock pending a decision from a hearings panel. Upon successful completion of the Reverse Stock Split, we received a letter from Nasdaq staff on October 23, 2024, advising us that we had regained compliance with the continued listing requirements in Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and that we are therefore in compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements. Consequently, the scheduled hearing before the hearings panel on October 24, 2024, was cancelled. See the section titled “Legal Proceedings” for further information on the delisting notice.

Current wording

Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We are required to meet specified financial requirements in order to maintain such listing, including a requirement that the bid price for our common stock remain above $1.00. On January 29, 2026, we received a determination from The Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) to delist our common stock from Nasdaq if the closing bid price does not exceed $1.00 for a minimum of ten consecutive business days within the compliance period of 180 calendar days. See the section titled “Legal Proceedings” for further information on the delisting notice.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, 114,676,797 Series A Warrants, exercisable for 5,286,692 shares of common stock, at $5.206 per share (post-Adjustment), and 3,075,000 Series B Warrants exercisable for 87,384 shares of common stock, at $0.10 per share (post-Adjustment) were outstanding. In addition, subsequent to December 31, 2024, we issued to certain institutional investors the January 2025 Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,048,386 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.36 per share, subject to adjustment for reverse stock splits, recapitalizations, and reorganizations. The exercise of the Series A Warrants and, to a lesser extent, the Series B Warrants and January 2025 Warrants could result and have resulted in a substantial increase in the number of shares of common stock outstanding and therefore materially dilute the ownership percentage of currently outstanding shares of common stock. See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—January 2025 Registered Direct Offering and Warrant Private Placement” and “—August 2024 Public Offering and Subsequent Warrant Exercises and Adjustments to Warrant Exercise and Reset Prices” for additional information regarding the January 2025 Registered Direct Offering and August 2024 Public Offering, respectively.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, 19,564,585 Series A Warrants exercisable for 901,943 shares of common stock at $1.31 per share, and 46,246 Series B Warrants exercisable for 2,132 shares of common stock, at $0.10 per share, and 449,193 January 2025 Warrants exercisable for 449,193 shares of common stock at $1.31 per share were outstanding. The exercise of these warrants could result and have resulted in a substantial increase in the number of shares of common stock outstanding and therefore materially dilute the ownership percentage of currently outstanding shares of common stock. See “Note 7, Equity and Debt Financings” for additional information regarding the offerings.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had total liabilities of $6.6 million, of which $5.0 million is the suspended liability for the true-up payment related to the August 8, 2024 capital raise, $799,000 was related to operating lease liabilities, and $230,000 was related to debt obligations.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, we had total liabilities of $1.5 million, of which $710,000 was related to operating lease liabilities and $197,000 was related to debt obligations.

Previous wording

If we cannot generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our lease and debt obligations or the Reverse Stock Split cash true-up payment, we may need to further refinance our debt, dispose of assets or issue equity to obtain necessary funds. We do not know whether we will be able to do any of this on a timely basis or on terms satisfactory to us, or at all. Our substantial lease and debt obligations could have important consequences, including:

Current wording

If we cannot generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our lease and any current or future debt obligations, we may need to refinance such obligations, dispose of assets, or issue equity to obtain necessary funds. We do not know whether we will be able to do any of this on a timely basis or on terms satisfactory to us, or at all.

Previous wording

Our Articles of Incorporation provides that, subject to limited exceptions, the Nevada Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County, Nevada shall be, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought in the name or right of the Corporation or on its behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees or agents to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of Nevada Revised Statutes Chapters 78 or 92A, our Articles of incorporation or our Bylaws, (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, or (v) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Current wording

Our Articles of Incorporation provide that, subject to limited exceptions, the Nevada Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County, Nevada shall be, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought in the name or right of the Corporation or on its behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim for breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees, or agents to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of Nevada Revised Statutes Chapters 78 or 92A, our Articles of incorporation, or our Bylaws, (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of our Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, or (v) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.