Firefly Aerospace Inc.

Previous wording

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations as of, and for, the periods presented. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), and with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Item 1 hereto. In addition, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-288646), as amended, initially filed with the Commission on July 11, 2025 (the “Registration Statement”), pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), in connection with our initial public offering (“IPO”). Certain information contained in this discussion and analysis includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. For information identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Registration Statement.

Current wording

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations as of, and for, the periods presented. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and result of operations should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled “Risk Factors”, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Certain information contained in this discussion and analysis includes forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our expectations for the future of our business and our liquidity and capital resources as well as other non-historical statements. These statements are based upon our current plans, expectations, and beliefs, and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those described in the“Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and the“Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Previous wording

Our company is a market leading space and defense technology company providing comprehensive mission solutions to national security, government, and commercial customers with an established track record of success. Our mission is to enable responsive and reliable launch, transit, and operations in space for our national security and commercial customers across the globe. Backed by our world-class team and proven technology, we have designed, developed, and deployed our class leading launch vehicles and dynamic spacecraft solutions, to support critical customer missions across the space domain. As a leader of responsive mission solutions and the only commercial company to achieve a fully successful Moon landing, we are a partner of choice for national security, government, and commercial customers for their critical space missions. As a U.S.-based company, our purpose-built family of products aligns with the ongoing paradigm shift in government missions and procurement processes, where speed, dependability, efficiency, and economics drive customer decision-making.

Current wording

Our company is a market-leading space and defense technology company providing comprehensive mission solutions to national security, government, and commercial customers with an established track record of success. Our mission is to reliably and repeatedly launch, land, and operate space systems from Earth to the Moon and beyond. Backed by our world-class team and proven technology, we have designed, developed, and deployed our class-leading launch vehicles and dynamic spacecraft solutions, to support critical customer missions across the space domain. We operate as a single reportable segment and serve this critical domain through our differentiated and scalable platforms of Launch and Spacecraft Solutions. Our offerings include:

Previous wording

Our Alpha launch vehicle employs a distinct combination of technologies designed to ensure high performance and efficiency at low cost. It uses a unique lightweight, rigid, and thermally insulated carbon composite technology for both the primary rocket structure as well as the propellant tanks, which ensures more of the usable mass goes to the mission payload. Alpha is also powered by our patented tap-off cycle engine technology, which is more efficient than legacy systems and provides greater reliability by employing fewer parts than those in traditional rocket engines. We have utilized this proprietary technology to develop and test all our rocket engines in-house. Alpha has five engines: four first stage Reaver engines, and one second stage Lightning engine. In addition to its track record of successful, dedicated, and responsive launch, Alpha is also designed to support testing of hypersonic payloads, providing significant growth opportunities for hypersonic deterrents, reconnaissance, and future national security needs. We are also expanding our launch pad operations from Vandenberg Space Force Base to add Virginia’s Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport on Wallops Island and the Esrange Space Center in Sweden to support more missions, customers, and additional launch cadence opportunities. The Sweden launch pad is intended to expand Alpha production and operations to strategic international locations to service the European, UK, Japan, South Korea, Middle East, and Australia regions, which we expect will provide the foundation for a future business model to service the global market.

Current wording

Launch: Our launch vehicles provide dedicated and responsive launch capabilities for national security, government, and commercial customers. We are the only U.S. company with a liquid-powered orbital launch vehicle in the 1,000-kilogram payload class. Our Alpha launch vehicle employs a distinct combination of technologies designed to ensure high performance and efficiency at low cost. It uses a unique lightweight, rigid, and thermally insulated carbon composite technology for both the primary rocket structure as well as the propellant tanks, which ensures more of the usable mass goes to the mission payload. Alpha is also powered by our patented tap-off cycle engine technology, which is more efficient than legacy systems and provides greater reliability by employing fewer parts than those in traditional rocket engines. We have utilized this proprietary technology to develop and test all our rocket engines in-house. Alpha has five engines: four first stage Reaver engines, and one second stage Lightning engine. In addition to its track record of successful, dedicated, and responsive launch, Alpha is also designed to support testing of hypersonic payloads, providing significant growth opportunities for hypersonic deterrents, reconnaissance, and future national security needs. We are also expanding our launch pad operations from Vandenberg Space Force Base to add Virginia’s Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport on Wallops Island and the Esrange Space Center in Sweden to support more missions, customers, and additional launch cadence opportunities. Built in collaboration with the SSC Space, the launch pad in Sweden will be our first expansion outside the U.S. and an initial step in our international market strategy. Sweden represents a proving ground for expansion of Alpha production and operations to U.S. allied nations – such as the United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and additional opportunities in Europe and the Middle East – as we look to serve global market demand for a sovereign-led franchise business model.

Previous wording

Spacecraft Solutions: Firefly is the only company to achieve a fully successful Moon landing, completing all 17 objectives set out before launch. We expect our Blue Ghost lander to fly annual missions to the Moon, with payload services customized to the technology and exploration goals of our customers. Offering ride-share opportunities and dedicated missions, Blue Ghost is built to host and deliver payloads nearly anywhere on the lunar surface. Blue Ghost Mission 2 will land on the far side of the Moon and conduct at least 10 days of lunar surface operations with the Blue Ghost lander, with an Elytra Dark spacecraft supporting as a communications relay. Elytra Dark is one of three Elytra configurations supporting on-orbit servicing missions. This Elytra Dark spacecraft is expected to remain operational in lunar orbit for up to five years. Mission 2 is fully manifested with both NASA and commercial payloads, including a commercial rover and a ride-sharing international satellite. Blue Ghost Mission 3, already under contract from NASA, has selected Blue Origin as the partner to deliver their rover to the lunar surface. Blue Ghost Mission 4 was awarded in July 2025 by NASA for landing at the Moon’s south pole region. Additionally, we have been selected by a proprietary commercial customer for a separate dedicated Blue Ghost lander mission.

Current wording

Spacecraft Solutions: Firefly is the only company to achieve a fully successful Moon landing, completing 100% of our mission objectives set out before launch. Following Blue Ghost Mission 1, we have a total of three additional missions under NASA CLPS task orders. We expect our Blue Ghost lander to fly regular missions to the Moon, with payload services customized to the technology and exploration goals of our customers. Offering ride-share opportunities and dedicated missions, Blue Ghost is built to host and deliver payloads nearly anywhere on the lunar surface and other planetary bodies. Blue Ghost Mission 2 is expected to land on the far side of the Moon and conduct at least 10 days of lunar surface operations with the Blue Ghost lander, with an Elytra spacecraft supporting as a communications relay. This Elytra spacecraft is expected to remain operational in lunar orbit for up to five years. Blue Ghost Mission 2 is fully manifested with both NASA and commercial payloads, including a commercial rover and a ride-sharing international satellite. Blue Ghost Mission 3 will deliver NASA and commercial payloads to the Gruithuisen Domes and we have selected Blue Origin as a partner to develop a rover to be delivered to the lunar surface. Blue Ghost Mission 4 was awarded in July 2025 by NASA and will land at the Moon’s south pole region.

Previous wording

Elytra is a dynamic spacecraft that is highly maneuverable and extensible to perform hundreds of Rendezvous Proximity Operations in support of Space Domain Awareness and Warfighting missions, long-range communications relay missions, on-orbit edge processing missions, and advanced Space Exploration missions. Blue Ghost and Elytra are highly complementary and compatible technologies that share a common core. Most of Elytra’s core hardware and software were proven at a variety of orbits through Blue Ghost’s successful Mission 1. As part of our end-to-end space services, Elytra offers robust on-orbit solutions and responsive defense capabilities when and where customers need them. As of April 2025, Elytra is contracted to perform a responsive on-orbit mission in support of the U.S. Department of Defense’s (the “DoD”) Defense Innovation Unit (“DIU”) Sinequone Project. During this mission, Elytra will serve as a space maneuver vehicle to perform a series of on-orbit tasks including space domain awareness in Low Earth Orbit (“LEO”). Available to launch on Alpha and Eclipse, our Elytra vehicles are positioned to service the entire lifecycle of government and commercial missions. This unique interoperability makes Firefly a one-stop shop and partner of choice for national security, government, and commercial customers requiring these capabilities.

Current wording

Elytra is a dynamic spacecraft that is highly maneuverable and extensible to perform hundreds of rendezvous proximity operations in support of space domain awareness and warfighting missions, long-range communications relay missions, on-orbit edge processing missions, and advanced Space Exploration missions. A constellation of Elytra is expected to power a future long-haul communications relay for multiple customers. Blue Ghost and Elytra are highly complementary and compatible technologies that share a common core. Most of Elytra’s core hardware and software were proven at a variety of orbits through Blue Ghost’s successful Mission 1. As part of our end-to-end space services, Elytra offers robust on-orbit solutions and responsive defense capabilities when and where customers need them. Elytra is currently contracted to perform a responsive on-orbit mission in support of the U.S. Department of War’s (the “DoW”) Defense Innovation Unit (“DIU”). During this mission, Elytra will serve as a space maneuver vehicle to perform a series of on-orbit tasks including space domain awareness operations in Low Earth Orbit (“LEO”). Available to launch on Alpha and Eclipse, our Elytra vehicles are positioned to service the entire lifecycle of government and commercial missions. This unique interoperability makes Firefly a one-stop shop and partner of choice for national security, government, and commercial customers requiring these capabilities.

Previous wording

Customers: Our track record of success and our reputation as a trusted provider for our customers results in a highly attractive, diversified business model defined by significant backlog and cash flow visibility. Strong customer demand backs our financial profile with approximately $1.3 billion in backlog and multi-launch agreements across our product lines as of September 30, 2025. Underpinning our financial profile is the combination of efficient contract structure and milestone-based billing. Before launch, we typically have collected approximately 90% of the total contract value, which is highly advantageous as production ramps. We are also differentiated in our ability to successfully execute on fixed firm price contracts. We are ahead of the curve as the industry shifts in favor of fixed firm price contracts and are well-positioned to capitalize on this change.

Current wording

Customers: Our track record of success and our reputation as a trusted provider for our customers results in a highly attractive, diversified business model defined by significant backlog and cash flow visibility. Strong customer demand backs our financial profile with approximately $1.3 billion in backlog and multi-launch agreements across our product lines as of March 31, 2026. Underpinning our financial profile is the combination of efficient contract structure and milestone-based billing. Before launch, we typically have collected approximately 90% of the total contract value, which is highly advantageous as production ramps. We are also differentiated in our ability to successfully execute on firm-fixed-price contracts. We are ahead of the curve as the industry shifts in favor of firm-fixed-price contracts and are well-positioned to capitalize on this change. The addition of SciTec further diversified our customer base and added a mixture of cost-plus and firm-fixed-price contracts.

Previous wording

As the space market continues to grow and evolve, we are well positioned to serve our customers’ most complex missions with rapid response times and purpose-built solutions. Our collaborations with leading national security agencies and aerospace companies, such as Lockheed Martin Corporation, Northrop Grumman, L3Harris, Space Force, Space Development Agency (“SDA”), National Reconnaissance Office (“NRO”), and NASA demonstrate the value and criticality of our new space defense and technology leadership in this market.

Current wording

As the space market continues to grow and evolve, we are well positioned to serve our customers’ most complex missions with rapid response times and purpose-built solutions. Our collaborations with leading national security agencies and aerospace companies, such as Lockheed Martin Corporation, Northrop Grumman, L3Harris, the U.S. Space Force, Space Development Agency, National Reconnaissance Office, and NASA demonstrate the value and criticality of our new space defense and technology leadership in this market.

Previous wording

Operations: We strategically deployed capital to build state-of-the-art infrastructure to design, produce, test, and manufacture our products to the highest standard at a regular cadence. Our three primary facilities – corporate headquarters, Hive spacecraft facility, and Rocket Ranch manufacturing and testing site–are only 25 miles apart, providing unique proximity between design, manufacturing, and production. The proximity of our core facilities enables agile and rapid vehicle development and production at lower cost versus competitors.

Current wording

Operations: We strategically deploy capital to build state-of-the-art infrastructure to design, produce, test, and manufacture our products to the highest standard at a regular cadence. Our four primary facilities – Nexus corporate headquarters, Hive and Cortex spacecraft facilities, and Rocket Ranch manufacturing and testing site–are only 25 miles apart, providing unique proximity between design, manufacturing, and production. The proximity of our core facilities enables agile and rapid vehicle development and production at lower cost versus competitors.

Previous wording

Our purpose-built research and development (“R&D”), manufacturing, and testing footprint is the product of significant investments and the backbone of our manufacturing process. We designed our advanced manufacturing process through years of optimization that now allow us to replicate our additional facilities with significantly less capital outlay. Each of our launch sites were chosen intentionally to enhance flexibility for our customers. Our early investment in cutting-edge technology and best-in-class facilities is a competitive advantage, creating a platform primed for continued growth. As we scale, we have and expect to continue to replicate our proprietary manufacturing and testing processes, resulting in reduced cycle times and further capital efficiency.

Current wording

Our purpose-built research and development, manufacturing, and testing footprint is the product of significant investments and the backbone of our manufacturing process. We designed our advanced manufacturing process through years of optimization that now allow us to replicate our additional facilities with significantly less capital outlay. Each of our launch sites were chosen intentionally to enhance flexibility for our customers. Our early investment in cutting-edge technology and best-in-class facilities is a competitive advantage, creating a platform primed for continued growth. The acquisition of SciTec added data centers, modeling and simulation labs, mission operations centers, and classified infrastructure with six locations strategically positioned near key space and defense customers.

Previous wording

Our full suite of manufacturing capabilities is supplemented by four launch sites, which will continue to enhance flexibility and responsiveness for our missions. We are currently launching from the Vandenberg Space Force Base launch site in California. Additional launch sites are under construction at Virginia’s Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport on Wallops Island and the Esrange Space

Current wording

Our full suite of manufacturing capabilities is supplemented by multiple launch sites, both active and under development, which will continue to enhance flexibility and responsiveness for our missions. We are currently launching from the Vandenberg Space Force Base launch site in California. Launch sites are under construction at Virginia’s Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport on Wallops Island and the Esrange Space Center in Sweden, and we are pursuing additional opportunities to unlock future launch pad capacity. Our significant scale and unique blueprint are strategically planned to support our increasing launch cadence as we grow.

Previous wording

We view growth in backlog as a key measure of our business growth. Backlog represents our estimate of the revenue we expect to realize in future periods as a result of performing work on contracts that have been awarded to us (net of any revenue already recognized as of the backlog date). We include the aggregate expected revenue of awarded contracts in our backlog upon the execution of a legally binding agreement, even though our contracts include certain termination rights exercisable by our customers with advance notice. Deferred revenue recognized on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets consists of payments and billings that we have received in excess of revenue that we have recognized. Because cash receipts from these contracts have not been recognized into revenue, they are included in our backlog calculation.

Current wording

We view growth in backlog as a key measure of our business growth. Backlog represents our estimate of the revenue we expect to realize in future periods as a result of performing work on contracts that have been awarded to us, net of any revenue already recognized. We include the aggregate expected revenue of awarded contracts in our backlog upon the execution of a legally binding agreement, even though our contracts include certain termination rights exercisable by our customers with advance notice. Deferred revenue recognized on our consolidated balance sheets consists of payments and billings that we have received in excess of revenue that we have recognized. Because cash receipts from these contracts have not been recognized into revenue, they are included in our backlog calculation.

Previous wording

We view growth in backlog as a key measure of our future business prospects. We monitor our backlog because we believe it is a forward-looking indicator of potential sales which can be helpful to investors in evaluating the performance of our business and identifying trends over time. Although backlog reflects business associated with contracts that are considered to be firm, terminations, amendments, or contract cancellations may occur, which could result in a reduction in our total backlog and potential future revenue that never gets recognized.

Current wording

We view backlog as a key measure of our future business prospects. We monitor our backlog because we believe it is a forward-looking indicator of potential sales which can be helpful to investors in evaluating the performance of our business and identifying trends over time. Although backlog reflects business associated with contracts that are considered to be firm, terminations, amendments, or contract cancellations may occur, which could result in a reduction in our total backlog and potential future revenue that never gets recognized.

Previous wording

In recent years, geopolitical instability, including wars and conflicts, as well as impacts from other global events, have resulted in opportunities for companies in the space and defense technology market. However, certain disruptions to the global economy, including market disruptions, monetary, and fiscal policy uncertainty, supply chain challenges, high interest rates and inflationary pressures have contributed to an inflationary environment that has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the price and availability of certain products and services necessary for our operations, which in turn may adversely impact our business and operating results. In addition, the global trade environment is uncertain and rapidly evolving. Tariffs imposed by the U.S. presidential administration or retaliatory tariffs announced by other countries could result in a trade war. The impact of tariffs on our business and results of operations will depend on their timing, duration, and magnitude.

Current wording

In recent years, geopolitical instability, including wars and conflicts, as well as impacts from other global events, have resulted in opportunities for companies in the space and defense technology market. However, certain disruptions to the global economy, including market disruptions, monetary, and fiscal policy uncertainty, supply chain challenges, high interest rates and inflationary pressures have contributed to an inflationary environment that has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the price and availability of certain products and services necessary for our operations, which in turn may adversely impact our business and operating results. Since early 2025, the U.S. administration announced the imposition of tariffs on substantially all countries that trade with the United States. As the implementation of tariffs is ongoing, more tariffs may be added in the future and countermeasures may be adopted by other countries. In addition, any additional tariffs imposed by the U.S. presidential administration or retaliatory tariffs announced by other countries could result in a trade war, lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit, and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions for equipment. These tariffs could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations, and if we are unable to pass such price increases through to our customers, it would likely increase our cost of sales and, as a result, decrease our gross margins, operating income, and net income. The impact of tariffs on our business and results of operations will depend on their timing, duration and magnitude.

Previous wording

As of the date of this report the U.S. government has been shutdown since October 1, 2025, and the duration of the shutdown is unknown. A continuing prolonged U.S. government shutdown or the adoption of a "continuing resolution" requiring the government to operate on funding levels equivalent to its prior fiscal year, could have an adverse impact on our results and growth plans. Additionally, a prolonged shutdown and any subsequent lapse in federal funding could cause U>S> federal government agencies to reduce their purchases under contracts, exercise their right to terminate contracts, or delay or pause new programs or funding existing programs, all of which could decrease our revenue and materially adversely impact our business, revenue, results of operations, and financial condition.

Current wording

Any future prolonged U.S. government shutdown or the adoption of a“continuing resolution” requiring the government to operate on funding levels equivalent to its prior fiscal year, could have an adverse impact on our results and growth plans. Additionally, a prolonged shutdown and any subsequent lapse in federal funding could cause U.S. federal government agencies to reduce their purchases under contracts, exercise their right to terminate contracts, or delay or pause new programs or funding existing programs, all of which could decrease our revenue and materially adversely impact our business, revenue, results of operations, and financial condition.

Previous wording

Ability to Continue the Expansion of Launch and Spacecraft Mission Operations

Current wording

Ability to Continue the Expansion of Launch and Spacecraft Solutions Mission Operations

Previous wording

The launch market is rapidly expanding, with significant demand for launch and spacecraft solutions and services. Our success and ability to generate higher revenue will depend in large part on our ability to expand our Launch and Spacecraft Solutions offerings and to continue the deployment and development of our launch vehicles.

Current wording

The launch market is rapidly expanding, with significant demand for launch and spacecraft solutions and services. Our success and ability to generate higher revenue will depend in large part on our ability to expand our Launch and Spacecraft Solutions offerings and to continue the deployment and development of our launch vehicles on a timely basis. As a result, our revenue and results of operations are subject to fluctuation depending on the number of launch missions scheduled and completed in a period and any launch delays.

Previous wording

We expect to continue to ramp up our launch cadence as we increase our production rate on Alpha rockets, and complete development of Eclipse. We successfully completed our first lunar landing on March 2, 2025, with additional Blue Ghost missions planned in 2026 and 2028. Empowered by our successful Blue Ghost mission and common technologies across spacecraft, we believe we are well positioned to unlock adjacent markets and contracts via our multi-mission orbital vehicle, Elytra. Any delays in commencing our missions, including due to delays or cost overruns in obtaining licenses or other regulatory approvals, launch delays or failures, such as the event on September 29, 2025 during the testing of our Alpha Flight 7 rocket at our facility in Briggs, Texas, which resulted in damage to the test stand, or entering into future agreements with additional customers could adversely impact our ability to generate revenue, results of operations and growth plans. We have approximately $1.3 billion in backlog, as of September 30, 2025, and we are in active discussions with numerous potential customers, including government agencies and private companies, to potentially add to our backlog.

Current wording

We expect to continue to ramp up our launch cadence as we increase our production rate on Alpha rockets, and complete development of Eclipse. We successfully completed our first lunar landing on March 2, 2025, with three additional Blue Ghost missions planned through 2029. Empowered by our successful Blue Ghost mission and common technologies across spacecraft, we believe we are well positioned to unlock adjacent markets and contracts via our multi-mission orbital vehicle, Elytra. Any delays in commencing our missions, including due to delays or cost overruns in obtaining licenses or other regulatory approvals, launch delays or failures (for example, failures similar to the event on September 29, 2025 during the testing of our Alpha Flight 7 rocket at our facility in Briggs, Texas, which resulted in damage to the test stand but no material impact to our results of operations), or entering into future agreements with additional customers could adversely impact our ability to generate revenue, results of operations, and growth plans. We have approximately$1.3 billion in backlog, as of March 31, 2026, and we are in active discussions with numerous potential customers, including government agencies and private companies, to potentially add to our backlog.

Previous wording

To continue gaining market share and attracting customers, we plan to continue to make substantial investments in R&D for the continued enhancements of our Launch and Spacecraft Solutions. Our growth opportunity is dependent on our continued ability to expand our addressable launch market, win lunar and orbital missions and expand our portfolio of services related to those offerings. For instance, building on our launch, lander, transit, and operations success with Alpha and Blue Ghost, we are on track for our spacecraft offerings to facilitate payload hosting services, transport services, utility services, and data services in LEO, Medium Earth Orbit, and Geosynchronous Earth Orbit. We plan to continue to forge strategic partnerships with industry leaders to enhance our technological capabilities and market reach.

Current wording

To continue gaining market share and attracting customers, we plan to continue to make substantial investments in research and development (“R&D”) for the continued enhancements of our Launch and Spacecraft Solutions. Our growth opportunity is dependent on our continued ability to expand our addressable launch market, win lunar and orbital missions and expand our portfolio of services related to those offerings. For instance, building on our launch, lander, transit, and operations success with Alpha and Blue Ghost, we are on track for our offerings to facilitate payload hosting services, transport services, utility services, and data services in LEO, MEO, and GEO. Our acquisition of SciTec adds the development of adaptable missile defense and mission data processing capability to our Spacecraft Solutions service portfolio. We plan to continue to forge strategic partnerships with industry leaders to enhance our technological capabilities and market reach.

Previous wording

Revenue –Our revenue is primarily derived from long-term contracts to provide launch and integration services for payloads requiring transportation into orbit via launch vehicles and to provide end-to-end services for the transportation of payloads.

Current wording

Revenue –Our revenue is primarily derived from long-term contracts to provide launch and integration services for payloads requiring transportation into orbit via launch vehicles and to provide end-to-end services for the integration and transportation of payloads, and to provide products and services to government entities for national defense missions.

Previous wording

Spacecraft Solutions revenue includes revenue from contracts with commercial and government entities to provide end-to-end services to transport payloads to the Moon. These contracts include milestone payments and deposits. We consider the performance obligation to be the end-to-end commercial payload services. These contracts typically require that the customer make milestone payments as specific conditions and tasks are performed. Our payload services obligation is satisfied over time since the tasks are performed according to the customer’s specifications, which creates an asset with no alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

Current wording

Spacecraft Solutions revenue includes revenue from contracts with commercial and government entities to provide end-to-end services to integrate payloads into Blue Ghost and Elytra for transport to the Moon and on-orbit space domain awareness missions, respectively, as well as to develop and provide software, sensor, and data processing capabilities for national defense missions. These contracts include firm-fixed-price, cost-plus, and time-and-materials pricing structures. For commercial payload services we consider the performance obligation to be the integration of customer payloads for delivery to specified destinations. These contracts typically require that the customer make milestone payments as specific conditions and tasks are performed. For software, sensor, and data processing contracts, we consider the performance obligation to be the development and implementation of the contracted solution. These contracts require customers to make milestone payments as specific conditions and tasks are performed, or regular periodic payments as costs are incurred. Performance obligations are satisfied over time since either (1) the tasks are performed according to the customer’s specifications and create an asset with no alternative use to us, or (2) the customer receives and consumes benefits as work is completed and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

Previous wording

For all revenue streams, we consider milestone payments that are contingent on the success of a mission to be variable consideration. We assess the likelihood of success of a mission at inception and may defer the recognition of some or all of the variable consideration until success of the mission is assured.

Current wording

For all revenue streams, we consider customer payments that are contingent on the success of a mission or that are dependent on award criteria to be variable consideration. We assess the likelihood of success of a mission or achievement of contractual award requirements at inception and may defer the recognition of some or all of the variable consideration until success of the mission is assured or the award fee amount is determined.

Previous wording

We perform work under contracts that broadly consist of fixed-price, cost-reimbursable, time-and-materials arrangements, or a combination of the three. Pricing is contractually based on specific negotiations with each customer. Advanced payments and billings for milestones in excess of revenues recognized are recorded as current and non-current deferred revenue in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and recognized into revenue as the Company satisfies the underlying performance obligations. Occasionally we recognize revenue in advance of customer billings which creates a contract asset recorded within other current assets.

Current wording

We perform work under contracts that broadly consist of firm-fixed-price, cost-plus, cost reimbursable, and time-and-materials arrangements, or a combination thereof. Pricing is contractually based on specific negotiations with each customer. Advanced payments and billings for milestones in excess of revenues recognized are recorded as current and non-current deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets and recognized into revenue as we satisfy the underlying performance obligations. Occasionally we recognize revenue in advance of customer billings which creates a contract asset recorded within other current assets.

Previous wording

Cost of Sales– primarily consists of raw materials, salaries and benefits, depreciation and amortization, and other costs directly attributable to fulfilling our obligations under customer contracts. Costs of sales are expensed as incurred. We expect our cost of sales to increase in absolute dollars in future periods as we sell more services and as our products mature to technological feasibility and reach full-rate production.

Current wording

Cost of Sales– primarily consists of raw materials, employee and contractor compensation, and other costs directly attributable to fulfilling our obligations under customer contracts. Costs of sales are expensed as incurred. We expect our cost of sales to increase in relative and absolute dollars in future periods as we sell more services and as our products mature to technological feasibility and reach full-rate production.

Previous wording

Research and Development –includes employee and contractor compensation, supplies and materials for new service development, depreciation and amortization, and regulatory compliance costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We expect to continue investing in research and development and, accordingly, expect our research and development expenses to vary as we continue to invest in developing and improving our services, and as the Company’s products reach technological feasibility and full-rate production.

Current wording

Research and Development –includes employee and contractor compensation, supplies and materials for new service development, depreciation and amortization, and regulatory compliance costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We expect to continue investing in research and development and, accordingly, expect our research and development expenses to vary as we continue to invest in developing and improving our services, and as our products reach technological feasibility and full-rate production.

Previous wording

Selling, General, and Administrative– includes personnel-related expenses, depreciation and amortization, and facilities-related costs primarily for our executive, marketing, finance, accounting, legal, and human resources functions. Selling, general, and administrative expenses also include expenses related to advertising, insurance, sales commission and fees for professional services principally consisting of legal, audit, and tax, as well as executive management expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred. We expect to incur additional selling, general, and administrative expenses as we begin operations as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with public company reporting obligations, and increased costs for insurance, investor relations, and professional services. As a result, we expect that our selling, general, and administrative expenses will increase in future periods and vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue.

Current wording

Selling, General, and Administrative– includes personnel-related expenses, depreciation and amortization, and facilities-related costs primarily for our executive, marketing, finance, accounting, legal, and human resources functions. Selling, general, and administrative expenses also include expenses related to advertising, insurance, sales commission and fees for professional services principally consisting of legal, audit, and tax, as well as executive management expenses and transaction-related costs. Selling, general, and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred. We expect to incur additional selling, general, and administrative expenses as we begin operations as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with public company reporting obligations, and increased costs for insurance, investor relations, and professional services. As a result, we expect that our selling, general, and administrative expenses will increase in future periods and vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue.

Previous wording

Interest Expense, Net– consists primarily of interest expense incurred on borrowings under our Credit Facility and interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents.

Current wording

Interest Expense– consists primarily of interest expense incurred on borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility.

Previous wording

Total revenue increased by $8.4 million, or 38%, to $30.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $22.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily driven by the factors discussed below.

Current wording

Total revenue increased by $25.0 million, or 45%, to $80.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $55.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily driven by the factors discussed below.

Previous wording

Cost of sales increased by $7.7 million, or 53%, to $22.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $14.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, aligning with the increases in revenue related to our Spacecraft Solutions programs and launch facility development services.

Current wording

Cost of sales increased by $9.8 million, or 18%, to $63.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2026 from $53.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, aligning with the increases in revenue related to our Spacecraft Solutions and Launch programs.

Previous wording

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted for interest (income) expense, net, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, change in fair value of warrant liability, loss on disposal of fixed assets, loss on extinguishment of debt, certain one-time costs related to the IPO, transaction-related expenses, and certain other items that are not expected to recur in the future or that management does not view as reflective of the performance of the business. In addition to net loss, we use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our business, measure its performance, and make strategic decisions.

Current wording

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted for provision for income taxes, interest income, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, the change in fair value of warrant liability, certain one-time costs related to the IPO, transaction-related expenses, and gain on settlement of contingent liabilities. In addition to net loss, we use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our business, measure its performance, and make strategic decisions.

Previous wording

(2) Other includes loss on foreign exchange and executive severance.

Current wording

(2) Other includes loss on foreign exchange.

Previous wording

Free Cash Flow is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Free Cash Flow as net cash used in operating activities, less purchases of property and equipment. We believe that Free Cash Flow is a meaningful indicator of liquidity that provides information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated from or used in operations that, after purchases of property and equipment, can be used for strategic initiatives, including continuous investment in our business and strengthening our balance sheet.

Current wording

Free Cash Flow is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Free Cash Flow as net cash used in operating activities, less purchases of property and equipment and internal-use software. We believe that Free Cash Flow is a meaningful indicator of liquidity that provides information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated from or used in operations, after purchases of property and equipment and internal-use software, that (after any debt service requirements or other non-discretionary expenditures not otherwise deducted from the measure) can be used for strategic initiatives, including continuous investment in our business and strengthening our balance sheet.

Previous wording

As of September 30, 2025, our working capital position was in a surplus, in which our current assets exceeded our current liabilities. We often make advanced payments to suppliers for services that have not yet been received that are recorded as current or non-current assets depending on whether they are expected to be settled within a year. Additionally, as of September 30, 2025, our current deferred revenue totaled $95.2 million. This is primarily due to the timing and nature of our deferred revenue where advanced payments and billings in excess of revenues recognized are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized into revenue as the Company satisfies the underlying performance obligation. Due to the nature of our supplier and customer contracts as well as the timing of payments, we expect to continue to fluctuate between a surplus and a deficit of net working capital.

Current wording

As of March 31, 2026, our working capital position was in a surplus, in which our current assets exceeded our current liabilities. We often make advanced payments to suppliers for services that have not yet been received that are recorded as current or non-current assets depending on whether they are expected to be settled within a year. Additionally, as of March 31, 2026, our current deferred revenue totaled $146.2 million. This is primarily due to the timing and nature of our deferred revenue where advanced payments and billings in excess of revenues recognized are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized into revenue as we satisfy the underlying performance obligation. Due to the nature of our supplier and customer contracts as well as the timing of payments, we expect to continue to fluctuate between a surplus and a deficit of net working capital.

Previous wording

As of September 30, 2025, our cash and cash equivalents amounted to $995.2 million, and our financial debt amounted to $30.2 million. We have a limited history of operations and have incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and losses from operations in the past as reflected in the accumulated deficit of $979.2 million as of September 30, 2025. We believe that our cash will be adequate to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our future long-term capital requirements will depend on several factors, including our ability to raise additional capital and, over time, our ability to generate positive cash flows from operations.

Current wording

As of March 31, 2026, our cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments amounted to $551.6 million, and our financial debt amounted to $26.8 million. The Revolving Credit Facility was undrawn as of March 31, 2026. We have a limited history of operations and have incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and losses from operations in the past as reflected in our accumulated deficit of $1.1 billion as of March 31, 2026. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments, in addition to our available Revolving Credit Facility, will be adequate to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our future long-term capital requirements will depend on several factors, including our ability to raise additional capital and, over time, our ability to generate positive cash flows from operations. Further, our liquidity is affected by government budget and spending levels, and if a future prolonged government shutdown occurs, we could be at risk of reduced orders, program cancellations, and other disruptions and nonpayment.

Previous wording

On July 17, 2023, we entered into a credit agreement (as further amended from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company and various lenders and U.S. Bank Trust Company, N.A. in its capacity as collateral agent for the lenders. The Credit Agreement provided term loan commitments in the aggregate principal amount of $136.1 million. The Credit Agreement consisted of a term loan commitment of $103.5 million (“Term A Loans”) and a term loan commitment of $32.6 million (“Term B Loans” and, together with the Term A Loans, the “Term Loan Facility”). Borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bore interest at a fixed rate on the unpaid principal amount thereof of 13.875% provided that the fixed rate for Term Loan B Fixed Rate would increase to 19.135% in July 2026. All obligations under the Credit Agreement were guaranteed by the Company and certain subsidiaries of the Company and were secured by substantially all the Company’s assets. The Term Loan Facility was expected to mature on July 17, 2028. The Credit Agreement contained customary mandatory prepayments, customary affirmative covenants and negative covenants, and a minimum cash financial covenant.

Current wording

On July 17, 2023, we entered into a credit agreement (as further amended from time to time, the “ Prior Credit Agreement”) with various lenders and U.S. Bank Trust Company, N.A. in its capacity as collateral agent for the lenders. The Prior Credit Agreement provided term loan commitments in the aggregate principal amount of $136.1 million. The Prior Credit Agreement consisted of a term loan commitment of $103.5 million (“Term A Loans”) and a term loan commitment of $32.6 million (“Term B Loans” and, together with the Term A Loans, the “Term Loan Facility”). Borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bore interest at a fixed rate on the unpaid principal amount thereof of 13.875% provided that the fixed rate for Term Loan B Fixed Rate would increase to 19.135% in July 2026.

Previous wording

On August 8, 2025, we used a portion of the net proceeds from the IPO to repay all of the borrowings under the Credit Agreement, together with the specified prepayment premium of $11.4 million, and accrued interest.

Current wording

On August 8, 2025, we used a portion of the net proceeds from the IPO to repay all of the borrowings under the Prior Credit Agreement, together with the specified prepayment premium of $11.4 million, and accrued interest.

Previous wording

On November 7, 2025, the Company amended the credit agreement, which provides the Company with the Revolving Credit Facility. The amendment, among other things, increased the commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility by $135.0 million for an aggregate principal amount of $260.0 million. The Revolving Credit Facility will mature on August 8, 2028.

Current wording

On November 7, 2025, we amended the New Credit Agreement. The amendment, among other things, increased the commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility by $135.0 million for an aggregate principal amount of $260.0 million.

Previous wording

The Revolving Credit Facility matures on August 8, 2028. The loans under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a variable rate per annum equal to, at our option, either (a) term SOFR plus a 3.00% spread or (b) an alternative base rate (as set forth in the New Credit Agreement) plus a 2.00% spread. A commitment fee of 0.375% per annum is applied on the unused commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Current wording

The Revolving Credit Facility matures on August 8, 2028. Prior to giving effect to the April 3, 2026 amendments, the loans under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a variable rate per annum equal to, at our option, either (a) term SOFR plus a 3.00% spread or (b) an alternative base rate (as set forth in the New Credit Agreement) plus a 2.00% spread. A commitment fee of 0.375% per annum is applied on the unused commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility. After giving effect to such amendment, the loans under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a variable rate per annum equal to, at the Company's option, either (a) term SOFR plus a 3.25% spread or (b) an alternative base rate (as set forth in the Credit Agreement) plus a 2.25% spread.

Previous wording

Maintenance of minimum liquidity of $50.0 million, tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter (commencing with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2025).

Current wording

Maintenance of minimum liquidity of $381.3 million, tested as of the last day of each calendar month (commencing with the calendar month ending April 30, 2026).

Previous wording

At our election, and upon our achieving positive consolidated EBITDA (as calculated under the New Credit Agreement) (a “Leverage Covenant Triggering Event”), the minimum liquidity covenant and the minimum free cash flow covenant will no longer be applicable, and our sole financial covenant following a Leverage Covenant Triggering Event will be maintenance of maximum first lien net leverage ratio not to exceed 4.00:1.00, tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter.

Current wording

At our election, and upon our achieving positive consolidated EBITDA (as calculated under the New Credit Agreement) (a “Leverage Covenant Triggering Event”), the minimum liquidity covenant will no longer be applicable, and our sole financial covenant following a Leverage Covenant Triggering Event will be maintenance of maximum first lien net leverage ratio not to exceed 4.00:1.00, tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter.

Previous wording

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may vary significantly from time to time depending on our cash needs at any given time. As of September 30, 2025, no amounts were drawn under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Current wording

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may vary significantly from time to time depending on our cash needs at any given time. On February 18, 2026, we repaid the entire $260.0 million in aggregate principal amount drawn under the Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2026, the Revolving Credit Facility remained undrawn, and it continued to remain undrawn as of the date of this report.