Sylvamo Corp

NOTE 8 LEASES

The Company leases various real estate, including warehouses, office space and land. The Company also leases material handling equipment, vehicles and certain other equipment. The Company’s leases have a remaining lease term of up to 15 years.

COMPONENTS OF LEASE EXPENSE

SUPPLEMENTAL BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION RELATED TO LEASES

(a)Finance leases above are presented net of accumulated amortization of $20 million and $17 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

LEASE TERM AND DISCOUNT RATE

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION RELATED TO LEASES

MATURITY OF LEASE LIABILITIES

NOTE 9 GOODWILL

The Company recorded an $11 million impairment charge related to our France reporting unit within our Europe segment for the year ended December 31, 2025 and recorded no goodwill impairment charges in 2024 or 2023.

The following table presents changes in the goodwill balance as allocated to each business segment:

The Company performed its annual testing of goodwill impairment by applying the qualitative assessment to its Brazil reporting unit as of October 1, 2025. For the current year evaluation, the Company assessed various assumptions, events and circumstances that would have affected the estimated fair value of the reporting unit under the qualitative assessment. The results of the qualitative assessment indicated that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of its Brazil reporting unit was less than its carrying value.

The Company also performed its annual testing of goodwill impairment by applying the quantitative goodwill impairment test to its France reporting unit due to continued challenging market conditions in Europe. The Company calculated the estimated fair value of the France reporting unit using a weighted approach based on discounted future cash flows, market multiples and transaction multiples, and determined that all of the goodwill in the business, totaling $11 million, should be written off.

In addition, the Company considered whether there were any events or circumstances outside of the annual evaluation that would reduce the fair value of its reporting units with goodwill below their carrying amounts and necessitate an interim goodwill impairment evaluation. In consideration of all relevant factors, there were no indicators that would require goodwill impairment subsequent to October 1, 2025.

NOTE 10 INCOME TAXES

The components of the Company’s income before income taxes by taxing jurisdiction were as follows:

Income tax provision by taxing jurisdictions was as follows:

Income taxes paid (net of refunds) by taxing jurisdictions was as follows:

The Company also made payments of $20 million to purchase tax credits of which $15 million were applied against our U.S. federal tax liability for 2024 and 2025.

Income taxes paid (net of refunds) exceeded 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds) in the following jurisdictions:

(a)State taxes in California, Illinois, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Tennessee made up the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax effect in this category.

The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets for deductible temporary differences and carryforwards. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized based on estimates of future taxable income. Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. Based on this evaluation, as of December 31, 2025, a valuation allowance of $52 million has been recorded to reduce certain deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

The Company has NOL carryforwards of $28 million in Brazil, $30 million in Finland, $54 million in France, $1 million in Luxembourg and $53 million in the United Kingdom. The Company has $5 million of U.S. federal tax credit carryforwards, $24 million of U.S. state tax credit carryforwards, and $5 million of United Kingdom tax credit carryforwards. The NOL carryforwards in Finland and Luxembourg will begin to expire in 2032 and the remainder of the Company’s NOL and credit carryforwards may be carried forward indefinitely.

The reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:

Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are $16 million, $12 million and $10 million, respectively, of tax benefits that if recognized would affect the effective tax rate. The Company accrues interest on unrecognized tax benefits as a component of interest expense. Penalties, if incurred, are recognized as a component of income tax expense. During the periods mentioned above, the amount of interest accrued was not material.

The Brazilian Federal Revenue Service has challenged the deductibility of goodwill amortization generated in a 2007 acquisition by International Paper do Brasil Ltda., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company now named Sylvamo do Brasil Ltda. (“Sylvamo Brasil”). Sylvamo Brasil received assessments for the tax years 2007-2015 totaling approximately $106 million in tax, and $289 million in interest, penalties and fees (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). International Paper challenged and is managing the litigation of this matter pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement between us and International Paper. After a previous favorable ruling challenging the basis for these assessments, Sylvamo Brasil received other subsequent unfavorable decisions from the Brazilian Administrative Council of Tax Appeals. These decisions are being appealed. The appeal involves several separate cases. In October 2024, at the first level of appeal in the Brazilian federal court system, the court ruled in favor of Sylvamo Brasil in cases covering approximately two thirds of the disputed amounts. The Brazilian tax authorities have appealed the favorable ruling. One third of the disputed amounts was under challenge at the Brazilian administrative court level and was not part of the ruling. In November 2025, the administrative court upheld the assessments for the remaining one third of the disputed amounts. In January 2026, Sylvamo Brasil’s challenge of the administrative ruling was filed in the Brazilian federal court system. This tax litigation matter may take many years to resolve. The Company believes that the transaction underlying these assessments was appropriately evaluated, and that the Company’s tax position would be sustained, based on Brazilian tax law.

Pursuant to the terms of the Tax Matters Agreement, International Paper will pay 60%, and Sylvamo will pay 40% on up to $300 million of any assessment related to this matter, and International Paper will pay all amounts of the assessment over $300 million. Also in connection with this agreement, all decisions concerning the conduct of the litigation related to this matter, including strategy, settlement, pursuit and abandonment, will continue to be made by International Paper, which is vigorously defending Sylvamo Brasil’s historic tax position against the current assessments and any similar assessments that may be issued for tax years subsequent to 2015.

NOTE 11 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

ENVIRONMENTAL AND LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is subject to environmental and legal proceedings in the countries in which we operate. Accruals for contingent liabilities, such as environmental remediation costs, are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when it is probable that a liability has been incurred or an asset impaired and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company has estimated some probable liability associated with environmental remediation matters that is immaterial in the aggregate as of December 31, 2025.

At the Company’s Mogi Guaçu mill, there are legacy basin areas that were formerly lagoons used for treatment of mill wastewater from pulp and paper manufacturing. In coordination with and in response to a request by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (“CETESB”), which is the state environmental regulatory authority, there has been continuous regulatory monitoring and sampling of the former basins, which began prior to their closure in 2006, both to assess for contamination and evaluate whether additional remediation is needed beyond the basins’ ongoing natural vegetation growth. This monitoring and sampling detected metal contamination, with the main constituent of potential environmental impact being mercury. The Company presented CETESB with proposals for studies and other actions to further assess the scope and type of contamination and the possible need for an additional remediation approach.

In October 2022, CETESB requested that the Company expand its efforts to include providing CETESB with a proposed pilot intervention (remediation) plan for a portion of the former basins. The purpose of the pilot intervention plan was to facilitate determination of the appropriate actions to take for the basins generally, guided by the results of the pilot intervention plan in the subset portion of the basins. The Company submitted a proposed pilot intervention plan to CETESB in late 2023, and CETESB approved its pre-intervention stages and certain additional measures that the Company later submitted. The requirement to conduct the pilot intervention plan was thereafter suspended, as agreed by CETESB. The Company continues to conduct environmental testing and analysis and engage with CETESB in review of the results and establishing next steps.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has recorded an immaterial liability for the ongoing and additional environmental testing and analysis and a third-party review of the results and risk. While this matter could in the future have a material impact on our results of operations and cash flows, the Company is unable to estimate its potential liability. The Company’s liability will depend upon what additional studies and what remediation, beyond vegetation of the basins, may be required by CETESB, which in turn will depend partly upon CETESB’s assessment of information from the Company’s environmental testing and analysis and the third-party review of the results and risk.

TAXES OTHER THAN PAYROLL TAXES

See Note 10 Income Taxes for a discussion of a goodwill amortization tax matter in Brazil.

During the first quarter of 2024, the State of Sao Paulo issued a tax assessment to Sylvamo Brasil for approximately $51 million (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates) regarding unpaid VAT arising from intercompany transactions. This assessment includes $19 million in tax and $32 million in interest and penalties. As of December 31, 2025, no reserve has been recorded by the Company because the risk of loss is not probable.

We have other open tax matters awaiting resolution in Brazil, which are at various stages of review in various administrative and judicial proceedings. We routinely assess these tax matters for materiality and probability of loss or gain, and appropriate amounts have been recorded in our financial statements for any open items where the risk of loss is deemed probable. We currently do not consider any of these other tax matters to be material individually. However, it is reasonably possible that settlement of any of these matters concurrently could result in a material loss or that over time a matter could become material, for example, if interest were accruing on the amount at issue for a significant period of time. Also, future exchange rate fluctuations could be unfavorable to the U.S. dollar and significant enough to cause an open matter to become material. The expected timing for resolution of these open matters ranges fromone year to 10 years.

GENERAL

The Company is involved in various other inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation relating to environmental and safety matters, taxes (including VAT), personal injury, product liability, labor and employment, contracts, sales of property and other matters, some of which allege substantial monetary damages. Assessments of lawsuits and claims can involve a series of complex judgments about future events, can rely heavily on estimates and assu mptions, and are otherwise subject to significant uncertainties. As a result, there can be no certainty that the Company will not ultimately incur charges in excess of presently recorded liabilities. The Company believes that loss contingencies arising from pending matters, including the matters described herein, will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in pending or threatened legal matters, some of which are beyond the Company's control, and the large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, a future adverse ruling, settlement, unfavorable development, or increase in accruals with respect to these matters, could result in future charges that could be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in any particular reporting period.