Cricut Inc

Previous wording

A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Current wording

A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our annual report on Form 10-K filed on March 6, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

Previous wording

Our users’ journeys typically begin with the purchase of a connected machine. We currently sell a portfolio of connected machines that cut, write, score and create other decorative effects using a wide variety of materials including paper, vinyl, iron-on vinyl, pens, and more. Our connected machines are designed for a wide range of uses and are available at a variety of price points (MSRP by machine family as of December 31, 2023):

Current wording

At Cricut, our mission is to help people lead creative lives. We have designed and built a creativity platform that enables our engaged and loyal community of nearly 5.9 million Active Users to turn ideas into professional-looking handmade goods. We define “Active User” as a registered user of at least one registered connected machine who has utilized their connected machine to create a project in the last 365 days. With our highly versatile Design Space Platform and our products, including our connected machines and accessories and materials, our users create everything from personalized birthday cards, mugs and T-shirts, to large-scale interior decorations. Our users’ journeys typically begin with the purchase of a connected machine. We currently sell a portfolio of connected machines that cut, write, score and create other decorative effects using a wide variety of materials including paper, vinyl, iron-on vinyl, pens, and more. Our connected machines are designed for a wide range of uses and are available at a variety of price points (MSRP by machine family as of December 31, 2024):

Previous wording

•Cricut Joy family for personalization, organization, and customization, $149.00 - $199.00 MSRP

Current wording

•Cricut Joy family $149.00 - $199.00 MSRP

Previous wording

•Cricut Explore family for cutting, writing and scoring, $249.00 - $319.00 MSRP

Current wording

•Cricut Explore family $249.00 - $319.00 MSRP

Previous wording

•Cricut Maker family for cutting, writing, scoring and adding decorative effects to a wider range of materials, $399.00 - $429.00 MSRP

Current wording

•Cricut Maker family $399.00 - $429.00 MSRP

Previous wording

Our software integrates our connected machines and design apps, allowing our users to create and share seamlessly. Our software is cloud-based, meaning that users can access and work on their projects anywhere, at any time, across desktops or mobile devices. We enable our users to be inspired, to create and share projects with the Cricut community and to follow others doing the same. On our apps, users can find inspiration, purchase or upload content like fonts and images, design a project from scratch or find a vast array of ready-to-make projects.

Current wording

Our platform integrates our design apps and connected machines, allowing our users to create and share seamlessly. Our software is cloud-based, meaning that users can access and work on their projects anywhere, at any time, across desktops or mobile devices. We enable our users to be inspired, to create and share projects with the Cricut community and to follow others doing the same. On our platform, users can find inspiration, purchase or upload content like fonts and images, design a project from scratch or find a vast array of ready-to-make projects. Users can leverage the full power of our platform by using our connected machines together with our free design apps, in-app purchases and subscription offerings to design and complete projects. All users can access a select number of free images, fonts and projects from our design apps or upload their own. In addition, we offer a wider selection of images, fonts and projects for purchase à la carte, including licensed content from partners with well-known brands and characters, like major motion picture studios. We also have two subscription offerings:

Previous wording

Users can leverage the full power of our platform by using our connected machines together with our free design apps, in-app purchases and subscription offerings to design and complete projects. All users can access a select number of free images, fonts and projects from our design apps or upload their own. In addition, we offer a wider selection of images, fonts and projects for purchase à la carte, including licensed content from partners with well-known brands and characters, like major motion picture studios. We also have two subscription offerings: Cricut Access and Cricut Access Premium. Cricut Access provides a subscription to images, fonts and projects as well as other member benefits, including exclusive software features and functionality, discounts, and priority Cricut Member Care. Cricut Access is billed monthly for $9.99 per month or annually for $95.88 per year. Cricut Access Premium includes all of the benefits of Cricut Access as well as additional discounts and preferred shipping and is billed annually for $119.88 per year. As of December 31, 2023, we had nearly 2.8 million Paid Subscribers to Cricut Access and Cricut Access Premium.

Current wording

•Cricut Access: Provides a subscription to images, fonts and projects as well as other member benefits, including exclusive software features and functionality, discounts, and priority Cricut Member Care. Cricut Access is billed monthly for $9.99 per month or annually for $95.88 per year.

Previous wording

We sell our connected machines and accessories and materials through our brick-and-mortar and online retail partners, as well as through our website at cricut.com. Our partners include Amazon, Hobby Lobby, HSN, Jo-Ann, Michaels, Target, Walmart and many others. We also sell our products, including subscriptions to Cricut Access and Cricut Access Premium, on cricut.com. In 2021, 2022, and 2023, 50%, 41%, and 38% of our revenue was generated through brick-and-mortar sales, respectively. In 2021, 2022, and 2023, 50%, 59%, and 62% of our revenue was generated through online channels, respectively.

Current wording

We sell our connected machines and accessories and materials through our brick-and-mortar and online retail partners, as well as through our website at cricut.com. Our partners include Amazon, Hobby Lobby, HSN, Michaels, Target, Walmart and many others. We also sell our products, including subscriptions to Cricut Access and Cricut Access Premium, on cricut.com. In 2022, 2023 and 2024, 41%, 38%, and 35% of our revenue was generated through brick-and-mortar sales, respectively. In 2022, 2023 and 2024, 59%, 62%, and 65% of our revenue was generated through online channels, respectively.

Previous wording

Our business model thrives because our products unlock creativity, which then in turn drives the engagement of our users. Our over 8.9 million users’ journeys typically begin with the purchase of a connected machine and expand across our family of products as users harness the power of our platform. Our business model is characterized by strong engagement and diversified sales across product categories. This engagement has led to rapid growth and strong profitability.

Current wording

Our business model thrives because our products unlock creativity, which then in turn drives the engagement of our users. Our nearly 5.9 million Active Users’ journeys typically begin with the purchase of a connected machine and expand across our family of products as users harness the power of our platform. Our business model is characterized by strong engagement and diversified sales across product categories. This engagement has led to rapid growth and strong profitability.

Previous wording

Since launching our first connected machine in 2014, we have built a loyal and growing community of users that has reached substantial scale. As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, we had 6.4 million, 7.9 million and 8.9 million users, respectively, representing 48%, 23% and 13% year-over-year growth, respectively. See the section titled “—Key Business Metrics” for the definition of users. We believe we are in the early stages of our growth and that we have a significant untapped opportunity in the United States and Canada, as well as globally. Our over 8.9 million users represent approximately 7% of our total SAM which includes the United States, Canada, and our four leading international markets of Australia, France, Germany and the United Kingdom.

Current wording

Since launching our first connected machine in 2014, we have built a loyal and growing community of users that has reached substantial scale. As of December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, we had 5.8 million, 5.9 million and 5.9 million Active Users, respectively, representing 12%, 2% and (1)% year-over-year growth, respectively. See the section titled “Key Business Metrics” for the definition of Active Users. We believe we are in the early stages of our growth and that we have a significant untapped opportunity in the United States and Canada, as well as globally.

Previous wording

We have been able to efficiently acquire new users and drive sales of our products because of the powerful network effects of our community. To date, word-of-mouth referrals, as well as effective use of low-cost marketing channels like social media, have driven our success. In 2023, over 38% of new users first heard about Cricut through friends and family. Sales and marketing expenses represented 10%, 15% and 16% of revenue in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.

Current wording

We have been able to efficiently acquire new users and drive sales of our products because of the powerful network effects of our community. To date, word-of-mouth referrals, as well as effective use of low-cost marketing channels like social media, have driven our success. In 2024, 39% of new users first heard about Cricut through friends and family. Sales and marketing expenses represented 15%, 16% and 20% of revenue in 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

Once we acquire a user, we see strong engagement with them over time. We drive engagement through a highly interactive and fulfilling product experience and the strength of our community. We continuously innovate and improve our connected machines, design apps and accessories and materials, giving our users more to create. Once they have purchased connected machines, users inspire one another to create and use more of our digital content, subscriptions and accessories and materials. In turn, we learn from our users’ creativity, and launch new products to help expand their creative horizons. We measure engagement by the Percentage of Users Creating in Trailing 90 Days. See the section titled “—Key Business Metrics” for the definition of Percentage of Users Creating in Trailing 90 Days and for information regarding that metric over the last three years. As of December 31, 2023, 44% of our over 8.9 million users created on their connected machines in the last 90 days.

Current wording

Once we acquire a user, we see strong engagement with them over time. We drive engagement through a highly interactive and fulfilling product experience and the strength of our community. We continuously innovate and improve our connected machines, design apps and accessories and materials, giving our users more to create. Once they have purchased connected machines, users inspire one another to create and use more of our digital content, subscriptions and accessories and materials. In turn, we learn from our users’ creativity, and launch new products to help expand their creative horizons. We measure engagement by the number of Active Users and 90-Day Engaged Users interacting with our Platform. See the section titled “Key Business Metrics” for the definitions of Active Users and 90-Day Engaged Users and for information regarding those metrics over the last three years.

Previous wording

The table below shows the Percentage of Users Creating in Trailing 90 Days for the periods indicated.

Current wording

The table below shows the number of Active Users and 90-Day Engaged Users for the periods indicated.

Previous wording

Many of our users choose to pay for our subscription offerings which include a subscription to images, fonts and projects as well as other member benefits, including exclusive software features and functionality, discounts, priority Cricut Member Care, and, in the case of Cricut Access Premium, preferred shipping. By subscribing to our offerings, users have access to a curated and growing design library of over 750 thousand images, thousands of ready-to-make projects and hundreds of fonts. We believe that the number of Paid Subscribers is an indicator of the depth of our users’ engagement. See the section titled “—Key Business Metrics” for the definition of Paid Subscribers and for information regarding that metric over the last three years. As of December 31, 2023, we had nearly 2.8 million Paid Subscribers, representing 6% year-over-year growth. As of December 31, 2023, approximately 31% of our users were also Paid Subscribers. We aim to increase the number of our users that are Paid Subscribers over time.

Current wording

Many of our users choose to pay for our subscription offerings which include a subscription to images, fonts and projects as well as other member benefits, including exclusive software features and functionality, discounts, priority Cricut Member Care, and, in the case of Cricut Access Premium, preferred shipping. By subscribing to our offerings, users have access to a curated and growing design library of over one million images, thousands of ready-to-make projects and hundreds of fonts. We believe that the number of Paid Subscribers is an indicator of the depth of our users’ engagement. See the section titled “Key Business Metrics” for the definition of Paid Subscribers and for information regarding that metric over the last three years. As of December 31, 2024, we had nearly 3.0 million Paid Subscribers, representing 7% year-over-year growth. We aim to increase the number of our users that are Paid Subscribers over time.

Previous wording

An important part of our success is driven by engagement of our users, as well as our ability to sell additional products to our users after their first connected machine purchase. Our users are engaged when they create with connected machines, design apps and accessories and materials. It is therefore important that users find our products intuitive and easy to use. As users create on their connected machines, they are more likely to purchase subscriptions and accessories and materials. Historically we find that our users continue to be engaged over time. As of December 31, 2023, 66% of our over 8.9 million users created on their connected machines in the last 365 days. This durable relationship is motivated by new software and products that we launch to expand the capabilities of existing connected machines as well as through the inspiration derived from our large and passionate community. If our users engage with their connected machines less over time, the overall growth in our business may slow.

Current wording

An important part of our success is driven by engagement of our users, as well as our ability to sell additional products to our users after their first connected machine purchase. Our users are engaged when they create with connected machines, design apps and accessories and materials. It is therefore important that users find our products intuitive and easy to use. As users create on their connected machines, they are more likely to purchase subscriptions and accessories and materials. Historically we find that our users continue to be engaged over time. As of December 31, 2024, nearly 5.9 million Active Users created on their connected machines in the last 365 days. This durable relationship is motivated by new software and products that we launch to expand the capabilities of existing connected machines as well as through the inspiration derived from our large and passionate community. If our users engage with their connected machines less over time, the overall growth in our business may slow.

Previous wording

We rely on third-party suppliers, contract manufacturers and third-party logistics partners to produce and distribute our products. Our ability to grow depends largely on the ability of these third-party companies to scale with us, provide high quality services and deliver components and finished products on time and at reasonable costs. We primarily rely on two contract manufacturers to build the majority of our connected machines. For a limited number of our products, which collectively constitute a small portion of our revenue, a particular contract manufacturer is the sole source of the finished product. Our concentration of suppliers could lead to supply shortages, long lead times for components and supply changes. Much of our supply chain originates in Malaysia and China. We expect to pursue additional geographic diversification in our supply chain to mitigate tariffs and other supply chain challenges. We must continue to build relationships with strong third-party suppliers, contract manufacturers and third-party logistics companies and continue to diversify our supply chain to improve operational results. We manage our inventory levels to account for the complexity of our supply chain, resulting in a variety of risks.

Current wording

We rely on third-party suppliers, contract manufacturers and third-party logistics partners to produce and distribute our products. Our ability to grow depends largely on the ability of these third-party companies to scale with us, provide high quality services and deliver components and finished products on time and at reasonable costs. We rely on three contract manufacturers to build our connected machines. For a limited number of our products, which collectively constitute a small portion of our revenue, a particular contract manufacturer is the sole source of the finished product. Our concentration of suppliers could lead to supply shortages, long lead times for components and supply changes. Much of our supply chain originates in Malaysia and China. We expect to pursue additional geographic diversification in our supply chain to mitigate tariffs and other supply chain challenges. We must continue to build relationships with strong third-party suppliers, contract manufacturers and third-party logistics companies and continue to diversify our supply chain to improve operational results. We manage our inventory levels to account for the complexity of our supply chain, resulting in a variety of risks.

Previous wording

We seek to balance investments for long-term growth with operating discipline and the profitability of our business. We have been net income profitable every year since 2017. See the section titled “Key Business Metrics” for information regarding our net income and net income margin over the last three years. We expect net income margin to fluctuate as a percentage of revenue in the near term and long term. We have a strong focus on the unit economics of each of our products and consistency in how we operate the business. Our investments to date have been critical to our success and have allowed us to reach over 8.9 million users as of December 31, 2023 and launch more than 6,000 SKUs since the launch of our first connected machine. We will continue to prioritize our investments in technology innovation including software and hardware development, content and accessories and materials. In addition, we are investing in sales and marketing and operations as appropriate to support our growth. Our expenses may also increase as we hire additional personnel and continue to attract technical talent. While we expect to continue or increase our investments on these items in the future, we cannot be certain they will result in the growth of our number of users or increase engagement with existing users.

Current wording

We seek to balance investments for long-term growth with operating discipline and the profitability of our business. We have been net income profitable every year since 2017. See the section titled “Key Business Metrics” for information regarding our net income and net income margin over the last three years. We expect net income margin to fluctuate as a percentage of revenue in the near term and long term. We have a strong focus on the unit economics of each of our products and consistency in how we operate the business. We will continue to prioritize our investments in technology innovation including software and hardware development, content and accessories and materials. In addition, we are investing in sales and marketing and operations as appropriate to support our growth. Our expenses may also increase as we hire additional personnel and continue to attract technical talent. While we expect to continue or increase our investments on these items in the future, we cannot be certain they will result in the growth of our number of users or increase engagement with existing users.

Previous wording

Historically, we have experienced the highest revenue levels in the fourth quarter of the year, coinciding with the holiday shopping season in the United States. For example, in 2021, 2022 and 2023, our fourth quarter represented 30%, 32% and 30% of total revenue for the year, respectively. Our promotional discounting activity is higher in the fourth quarter as well, which negatively impacts gross margin during this period. For example, gross margin in the fourth quarter of 2023 was 42%, compared to gross margin of 45% for all of 2023. Additionally, sales of accessories and materials typically rise and fall with seasonal holiday crafting periods. The yearly seasonality patterns experienced in 2021, 2022, and 2023 are not representative of our typical historical patterns due to the unique aspects of the pandemic and condition of the global economy. As the impact of the pandemic and global economy challenges on behaviors abate, we expect to return to a more normal seasonality pattern. As we continue to grow internationally, we expect we may experience seasonality in additional markets, which may differ from the seasonality experienced in the United States.

Current wording

Historically, we have experienced the highest revenue levels in the fourth quarter of the year, coinciding with the holiday shopping season in the United States. For example, in 2022, 2023 and 2024, our fourth quarter represented 32%, 30% and 29% of total revenue for the year, respectively. Our promotional discounting activity is higher in the fourth quarter as well, which negatively impacts gross margin during this period. For example, gross margin in the fourth quarter of 2024 was 45%, compared to gross margin of 50% for all of 2024. Additionally, sales of accessories and materials typically rise and fall with seasonal holiday crafting periods. As we continue to grow internationally, we expect we may experience seasonality in additional markets, which may differ from the seasonality experienced in the United States.

Previous wording

We define a User as a registered user of at least one registered connected machine as of the end of a period. One user may own multiple registered connected machines but is only counted once if that user registers those connected machines by using the same email address. If possession of a connected machine is transferred to a new owner and registered by that new owner, the new owner is added to the total user count and the prior owner is removed from the total user count if the prior owner does not own any other registered connected machines. User count is a key indicator of the health of our business, because changes in the number of users reflects changes in connected machine sales and represents opportunities for us to drive additional sales of subscriptions and accessories and materials. There are certain limitations associated with this metric. For example, this metric does not capture whether a User is active in using a connected machine and does not indicate whether a User is purchasing subscriptions or accessories and materials. We compensate for these limitations by also reviewing other metrics that capture portions of this information, including the metrics below.

Current wording

We define Active Users as registered users of at least one registered connected machine who have utilized their connected machine to create a project in the last 365 days. One user may own multiple registered connected machines but is only counted once if that user registers those connected machines by using the same email address. If possession of a connected machine is transferred to a new owner and registered by that new owner, the new owner is added to the total Active Users and the prior owner is removed from the total Active Users if the prior owner does not own any other registered connected machines. Active Users is a key indicator of the health of our business, because changes in the number of Active Users excludes non-users to better represent opportunities for us to drive additional platform and accessories and materials revenue.

Previous wording

We define Paid Subscribers as the number of users with a subscription to Cricut Access or Cricut Access Premium, excluding cancelled, unpaid or free trial subscriptions, as of the end of a period. Paid Subscribers is a key metric to track growth in our subscriptions revenue and potential leverage in our gross margin.

Current wording

We define Paid Subscribers as the number of users with a subscription to Cricut Access or Cricut Access Premium, excluding cancelled, unpaid or free trial subscriptions, as of the end of a period. Paid Subscribers is a key metric to track growth in our Platform revenue and potential leverage in our gross margin.

Previous wording

We define Subscription ARPU as Subscriptions revenue divided by average users in a period. Subscription ARPU allows us to forecast Subscriptions revenue over time and is an indicator of our ability to expand with users and of user engagement with our subscription offerings.

Current wording

We define Platform ARPU as Platform revenue in a 12-month period divided by Active Users. Platform ARPU allows us to forecast Platform revenue over time and is an indicator of our ability to expand with users and of user engagement with our subscription offerings.

Previous wording

We operate and manage our business in three reportable segments: Connected Machines, Subscriptions and Accessories and Materials. We identify our reportable segments based on the information used by management to monitor performance and make operating decisions. See Note 19 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this filing for additional information regarding our reportable segments.

Current wording

We operate and manage our business in two reportable segments: Platform and Products. We identify our reportable segments based on the information used by management to monitor performance and make operating decisions. See Note 18 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this filing for additional information regarding our reportable segments.

Previous wording

We generate Subscriptions revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions to Cricut Access and Cricut Access Premium and a minimal amount of revenue allocated to the unspecified future upgrades and enhancements related to the essential software and access to our cloud-based services. For a monthly or annual subscription fee, Cricut Access includes a subscription to images, fonts and projects as well as other member benefits, including exclusive software features and functionality, discounts, and priority Cricut Member Care. For an annual subscription fee, Cricut Access Premium includes all of the benefits of Cricut Access as well as additional discounts and preferred shipping. Subscriptions revenue excludes à la carte digital content purchases. Subscriptions revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the subscription term.

Current wording

We generate Platform revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions to Cricut Access and Cricut Access Premium, digital content, and a minimal amount of revenue allocated to the unspecified future upgrades and enhancements related to the essential software and access to our cloud-based services. For a monthly or annual subscription fee, Cricut Access includes a subscription to images, fonts and projects as well as other member benefits, including exclusive software features and functionality, discounts, and priority Cricut Member Care. For our annual subscription fee, Cricut Access Premium includes all the benefits of Cricut Access as well as additional discounts and preferred shipping. Digital content includes à la carte digital content purchases, including fonts, images and projects. Platform revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over time, during the subscription term for subscriptions, and at the point in time when control is transferred for à la carte digital content.

Previous wording

We generate Connected Machines revenue from sales of our portfolio of connected machines, currently consisting of machines in four product families, Cricut Maker, which includes Maker and Maker 3, Cricut Explore, which includes Explore Air 2 and Explore 3, Cricut Joy, which includes Joy and Joy Xtra, and Cricut Venture, net of sales discounts, incentives and returns. Connected Machines revenue is recognized at the point in time when control is transferred, which is either upon shipment or delivery to the customer in accordance with the terms of each customer contract.

Current wording

We generate Products revenue from sales of connected machines and ancillary products, net of sales discounts, incentives and returns, and includes amounts allocated to the material right for discounts on materials and accessories available only to Paid Subscribers. Our connected machines portfolio consists of machines in four product families: Cricut Maker, which includes Maker and Maker 3; Cricut Explore, which includes Explore Air 2 and Explore 3; Cricut Joy, which includes Joy and Joy Xtra; and Cricut Venture. Our ancillary products include Cricut EasyPress, Cricut MugPress, hand tools, machine replacement tools and blades, and project materials such as vinyl and iron-on. Products revenue is recognized at the point in time when control is transferred, which is either upon shipment or delivery to the customer in accordance with the terms of each customer contract.

Previous wording

Cost of revenue related to Subscriptions consists primarily of hosting fees, digital content costs, amortization of capitalized software development costs and software maintenance costs. We expect our cost of revenue related to Subscriptions as a percentage of revenue to fluctuate in the near term and long term as we expand our content and software feature offerings, including localized content for international target markets.

Current wording

Cost of revenue related to Platform consists primarily of hosting fees, digital content costs, amortization of capitalized software development costs, software maintenance costs, and royalties. We expect our cost of revenue related to Platform as a percentage of revenue to fluctuate in the near term as we expand our content offerings, including localized content for international target markets, and decrease over time as we drive greater scale and efficiency in our business.

Previous wording

Cost of revenue related to Connected Machines consists of product costs, including costs of components, costs of contract manufacturers for production, inspecting and packaging, shipping, receiving, handling, warehousing and fulfillment, duties and other applicable importing costs, warranty replacement, excess and obsolete inventory write-downs, tooling and equipment depreciation and royalties. We expect our cost of revenue related to Connected Machines as a percentage of revenue to fluctuate in the near term as we continue selling through end of life machines, address global supply chain challenges and continue to invest in the growth of our business and decrease over the long term as we drive greater scale and efficiency in our business.

Current wording

Cost of revenue related to Products consists of product costs, including costs of components, cost of contract manufacturers for production, inspecting and packaging, shipping, receiving, handling, warehousing and fulfillment, duties and other applicable importing costs, warranty replacement, excess and obsolete inventory write-downs, tooling and equipment depreciation and royalties. We expect our cost of revenue related to Products as a percentage of revenue to fluctuate in the near term as we continue selling through end of life machines, address global supply chain challenges and continue to invest in the growth of our business and decrease over the long term as we drive greater scale and efficiency in our business.

Previous wording

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs associated with the development of our connected machines, software and accessories and materials, including personnel-related expenses for engineering, product development and quality assurance, as well as prototype costs, service fees incurred by contracting with vendors and allocated overhead. We expect our research and development expenses to fluctuate in the near term as we refine our product roadmaps. We produced gross savings in research and development of approximately $4.6 million during 2023 as a result of the January 2023 restructuring plan.

Current wording

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs associated with the development of our connected machines, software and accessories and materials, including personnel-related expenses for engineering, product development and quality assurance, as well as prototype costs, service fees incurred by contracting with vendors and allocated overhead. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in the near term as we refine our product roadmaps. We produced gross savings in research and development of approximately $3.2 million during 2024 as a result of the January 2024 restructuring plan.

Previous wording

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of the advertising and marketing of our products, third-party payment processing fees, personnel-related expenses, including salaries and bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, as well as customer rebates, professional services, promotional items, and allocated overhead costs. We expect our sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue to fluctuate in the near term. We produced gross savings in sales and marketing of approximately $1.1 million during 2023 as a result of the January 2023 restructuring plan.

Current wording

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of the advertising and marketing of our products, third-party payment processing fees, personnel-related expenses, including salaries and bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, as well as customer rebates, professional services, promotional items, and allocated overhead costs. We expect our sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue to fluctuate in the near term. We produced gross savings in sales and marketing of approximately $2.5 million during 2024 as a result of the January 2024 restructuring plan.

Previous wording

General and administrative expenses consist of personnel-related expenses for our finance, legal, human resources and administrative personnel, including salaries and bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, as well as the costs of professional services, any allocated overhead, information technology, impairment charges of unused equipment, and other administrative expenses. We expect our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue to increase in the near term as we expand our operations, invest in systems enhancements, and incur expenses required of a public company. We produced gross savings in general and administrative of approximately $1.0 million during 2023 as a result of the January 2023 restructuring plan.

Current wording

General and administrative expenses consist of personnel-related expenses for our finance, legal, human resources and administrative personnel, including salaries and bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, as well as the costs of professional services, any allocated overhead, information technology, impairment charges of unused equipment, and other administrative expenses. We expect our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue to increase in the near term as we expand our operations, invest in systems enhancements, and incur expenses required of a public company. We produced gross savings in general and administrative of approximately $0.6 million during 2024 as a result of the January 2024 restructuring plan.

Previous wording

Other income (expense) consists primarily of interest income from our investments in marketable securities, offset by interest expense associated with our debt financing arrangements and amortization of debt issuance costs.

Current wording

Other income, net consists primarily of interest income from our investments in marketable securities, offset by interest expense associated with our debt financing arrangements and amortization of debt issuance costs.

Previous wording

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) Pillar Two Model Rules (“Pillar Two”) for a global 15% minimum tax are in the process of being adopted in a number of jurisdictions in which we operate. Pillar Two is expected to be applicable to us beginning January 1, 2024 if our revenues exceed €750 million. The only jurisdiction where the top-up tax would be applicable is Switzerland and the estimated tax is not expected to be material.

Current wording

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) Pillar Two Model Rules (“Pillar Two”) for a global 15% minimum tax are in the process of being adopted in a number of jurisdictions in which we operate. Pillar Two is applicable to us beginning January 1, 2024. Of the jurisdictions where Pillar Two has been adopted, the only jurisdiction where the top-up tax is applicable is Switzerland and the estimated tax is immaterial.

Previous wording

Subscriptions revenue increased by $31.6 million, or 12%, to $304.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $272.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by growth of 6% in the number of Paid Subscribers from 2.6 million as of December 31, 2022 to nearly 2.8 million as of December 31, 2023.

Current wording

Platform revenue increased by $4.0 million, or 1%, to $313.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $309.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by growth of 7% in the number of Paid Subscribers from 2.8 million as of December 31, 2023 to nearly 3.0 million as of December 31, 2024. The increase was offset partially by increased promotional activity, increased mix shift to annual subscriptions, and increased mix shift to international subscriptions.

Previous wording

Research and development expenses decreased by $11.9 million, or 15%, to $65.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $76.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $9.4 million decrease in product development expense for future products and a $3.5 million decrease in personnel-related expense, partially offset by increases in professional services expense.

Current wording

Research and development expenses decreased by $4.6 million, or 7%, to $60.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $65.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $4.7 million decrease in personnel-related expense.

Previous wording

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $7.2 million, or 6%, to $123.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $130.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $2.6 million decrease in advertising and other marketing expense, a $1.7 million decrease in personnel-related expense, a $1.3 million decrease in professional services expense, and a $1.1 million decrease in software subscriptions expense.

Current wording

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $20.1 million, or 16%, to $143.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $123.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $16.0 million increase in advertising and other marketing expense and a $4.8 million increase in personnel-related expense, partially offset by a decrease in software subscriptions expense.

Previous wording

General and administrative expenses increased by $22.4 million, or 36%, to $85.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $62.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to a $13.0 million impairment of unused equipment, software, and inventory (see Note 2), a $4.1 million increase in stock-based compensation, a $2.4 million increase in professional services expense, a $1.7 million increase in bad debt expense, and a $1.7 million increase in software subscriptions expense.

Current wording

General and administrative expenses decreased by $12.1 million, or 14%, to $73.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $85.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a $13.3 million decrease in impairment of unused equipment, software, and inventory (see Note 2) and a $1.9 million decrease in professional services expense, partially offset by increases in personnel-related expense and bad debt expense.

Previous wording

Other income (expense) increased by $7.8 million, or 383%, to a net income of $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from a net income of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The change was primarily related to interest from marketable securities due to more favorable rates.

Current wording

Other income, net increased by $3.0 million, or 30%, to a net income of $12.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from a net income of $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily related to interest from marketable securities due to more favorable rates and higher cash balances in 2024.

Previous wording

Provision for income taxes increased by $4.8 million, or 23%, to $26.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $21.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This represents an effective tax rate of 32.8% and 26.0% for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in the tax rate is due mainly to a decrease in tax credits specifically related to Research and Development and an increase in uncertain tax positions related to prior years foreign-derived intangible income.

Current wording

Provision for income taxes decreased by $0.1 million, or 0%, to $26.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $26.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This represents an effective tax rate of 29.3% and 32.8% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in the tax rate is due mainly to a decrease in uncertain tax positions related to the release of reserves due to statute lapses and a decrease in return to provision adjustments.

Previous wording

Our operations during the periods presented have been financed primarily through cash flows from operating activities and the net proceeds from our initial public offering in March of 2021. We believe our balances of cash and cash equivalents, which totaled $142.2 million as of December 31, 2023, along with forecasted cash expected to be generated by ongoing operations and$300.0 million in available borrowings on our credit facility (see Note 9) will be sufficient to satisfy our cash requirements over the next 12 months and beyond.

Current wording

Our operations during the periods presented have been financed primarily through cash flows from operating activities and the net proceeds from our initial public offering in March of 2021. We believe our balances of cash and cash equivalents, which totaled $232.1 million as of December 31, 2024, along with forecasted cash expected to be generated by ongoing operations and$300.0 million in available borrowings and the option to increase the aggregate amount of our credit facility by up to an additional $150.0 million (see Note 8) will be sufficient to satisfy our cash requirements over the next 12 months and beyond.

Previous wording

We utilize third-party contract manufacturers to source components and finished goods and third-party logistics companies to warehouse and distribute our products. As of December 31, 2023, we had component purchase obligations of$19.2 million, with$17.5 million payable within 12 months in addition to ongoing inventory purchases of finished goods from our contract manufacturers. These manufacturing purchase obligations are primarily noncancellable. Actual inventory purchases will vary based on current and forecasted demand for our products. Payments to third-party logistics companies are largely variable and are primarily driven by inventory levels and receiving and shipping activity levels.

Current wording

We utilize third-party contract manufacturers to source components and finished goods and third-party logistics companies to warehouse and distribute our products. As of December 31, 2024, we had component purchase obligations of$6.4 million, with$2.0 million payable within 12 months in addition to ongoing inventory purchases of finished goods from our contract manufacturers. These manufacturing purchase obligations are primarily noncancellable. Actual inventory purchases will vary based on current and forecasted demand for our products. Payments to third-party logistics companies are largely variable and are primarily driven by inventory levels and receiving and shipping activity levels.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2023, we had fixed lease payment obligations of $14.8 million, with $5.6 million payable within 12 months primarily for corporate and other office space. See Note 14 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had fixed lease payment obligations of $17.0 million, with $4.6 million payable within 12 months primarily for corporate and other office space. See Note 13 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.