Aurora Innovation, Inc.

Previous wording

We expect that the Aurora Driver will ultimately be commercialized in a Driver as a Service (“DaaS”) business model, in which customers or third parties will purchase, manage, and maintain fleets directly, while subscribing to the Aurora Driver and a suite of related services. We do not intend to own nor operate a large number of vehicles ourselves. Throughout commercialization, we expect to earn revenue on a fee per mile basis. We intend to partner with OEMs, Tier 1 automotive suppliers, fleet operators, and other third parties to commercialize and support Aurora Driver-powered vehicles. We expect that these strategic partners will support activities such as vehicle and hardware manufacturing, financing and leasing, service and maintenance, parts replacement, facility ownership and operation, and other commercial and operational services as needed. We expect this DaaS model to enable an asset-light and high margin revenue stream for Aurora, while allowing us to scale more rapidly through partnerships. During the start of commercialization, though, we are briefly operating our own logistics and mobility services, where we own or lease and operate a small fleet of vehicles equipped with our Aurora Driver. This level of control is useful during early commercialization as we define operational processes and playbooks for our partners.

Current wording

We expect that the Aurora Driver will ultimately be commercialized in a Driver as a Service (“DaaS”) business model, in which customers or third parties will purchase, manage, and maintain fleets directly, while subscribing to the Aurora Driver and a suite of related services. We do not intend to own nor operate a large number of vehicles ourselves. Throughout commercialization, we expect to earn revenue on a fee per mile basis. We intend to partner with OEMs, Tier 1 automotive suppliers, fleet operators, and other third parties to commercialize and support Aurora Driver-powered vehicles. We expect that these strategic partners will support activities such as vehicle and hardware manufacturing, financing and leasing, service and maintenance, parts replacement, facility ownership and operation, and other commercial and operational services as needed. We expect this DaaS model to enable an asset-light and high margin revenue stream for Aurora, while allowing us to scale more rapidly through partnerships. During the start of commercialization, though, we are operating our own logistics and mobility services, where we own or lease and operate a fleet of vehicles equipped with our Aurora Driver and provide transportation services to customers through driverless operations as well as with vehicle operators as needed. This level of control is useful during early commercialization as we define operational processes and playbooks for our partners.

Previous wording

Research and development increased by $16 million, or 10%, to $182 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $166 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by an increase in personnel costs and hardware development costs. Research and development expenses included non-cash stock-based compensation of $29 million and $31 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Current wording

Research and development expenses increased by $20 million, or 12%, to $190 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $170 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily driven by an increase in personnel costs and hardware development costs, partially offset by expenses recognized as cost of revenue due to commercial launch in April 2025. Research and development expenses included non-cash stock-based compensation of $44 million and $32 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

Selling, general and administrative increased by $2 million, or 7%, to $29 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $27 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by an increase in personnel costs. Selling, general and administrative included non-cash stock-based compensation of $5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Current wording

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $8 million, or 29%, to $36 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $28 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily driven by an increase in personnel costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses included non-cash stock-based compensation of $11 million and $6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

The change in fair value of derivative liabilities was expense of $9 million and income of $12 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily due to the change in the market price for the underlying instrument during each period.

Current wording

The Change in fair value of derivative liabilities was income of $16 million and $1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily due to the change in the market price for the underlying instrument during each period.

Previous wording

Other income, net decreased by $4 million, or 25%, to $12 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $16 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to a decrease in interest income earned on cash equivalents and investments.

Current wording

Other income, net decreased by $2 million, or 13%, to $13 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $15 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to a decrease in interest income earned on cash equivalents and investments as a result of lower market rates.

Previous wording

As of March 31, 2025, our principal sources of liquidity were $170 million of cash and cash equivalents and $989 million of short-term investments, exclusive of restricted cash of $16 million. Investments consist of primarily U.S. Treasury securities as well as corporate bonds and commercial paper.

Current wording

As of June 30, 2025, our principal sources of liquidity were $206 million of cash and cash equivalents and $1,103 million of short-term investments, exclusive of restricted cash of $16 million. Investments consist of primarily U.S. Treasury securities as well as corporate bonds and commercial paper.

Previous wording

We have incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and significant losses from operations in the past. We expect to continue to incur operating losses and that we will need to opportunistically raise additional capital to support the continued development and commercialization of the Aurora Driver. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we raised $70 million in equity capital through the ATM Program, receiving net proceeds of $68 million after transaction costs. We expect our total liquidity will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this Quarterly Report. Management will continue to evaluate the timing and nature of discretionary operating expenses, as necessary.

Current wording

We have incurred negative cash flows from operating activities and significant losses from operations in the past. We have only recently started to generate revenue, and we do not expect to generate significant revenue until we reach commercial scale. We expect to continue to incur operating losses and that we will need to opportunistically raise additional capital to support the continued development and commercialization of the Aurora Driver at scale.

Previous wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we offered and sold 10 million shares of Class A common stock under the ATM Program for net proceeds of $68 million, after deducting sales agent commissions and other transaction costs of $2 million.

Current wording

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, we offered and sold 57 million shares of Class A common stock through the ATM Program, raising $340 million in equity capital and receiving net proceeds of $331 million after transaction costs.

Previous wording

Net cash used in operating activities was $142 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, a decrease of $8 million from $150 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to a decrease in advanced payments for hardware materials for fleet builds.

Current wording

Net cash used in operating activities was $286 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $40 million from $326 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to the annual bonus being settled in equity in the current year.

Previous wording

Cash Flows Provided by Investing Activities

Current wording

Cash Flows (Used In) Provided by Investing Activities

Previous wording

Net cash provided by investing activities was $19 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, a decrease of $82 million from $101 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to increased purchases of investments partially offset by increased maturities of investments.

Current wording

Net cash used in investing activities was $99 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $221 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The change was primarily due to increased purchases of investments partially offset by increased maturities of investments.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by financing activities was $82 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $80 million from $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to proceeds from the ATM program as well as increased proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Current wording

Net cash provided by financing activities was $380 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of $374 million from $6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to proceeds from the ATM program as well as increased proceeds from the exercise of stock options, partially offset by the tax payments in connection with the net settlement of RSUs.

Previous wording

Aurora may be party to various claims within the normal course of business. Legal fees and other costs associated with such actions are expensed as incurred. We assess the need to record a liability for litigation and other loss contingencies, with reserve estimates recorded if we determine that a loss related to the matter is both probable and reasonably estimable. No material losses were recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Current wording

Aurora may be party to various claims within the normal course of business. Legal fees and other costs associated with such actions are expensed as incurred. We assess the need to record a liability for litigation and other loss contingencies, with reserve estimates recorded if we determine that a loss related to the matter is both probable and reasonably estimable. No material losses were recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Previous wording

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Preparation of the financial statements requires our management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amount of revenue and expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We consider an accounting judgment, estimate or assumption to be critical when (1) the estimate or assumption is complex in nature or requires a high degree of judgment and (2) the use of different judgments, estimates and assumptions could have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2024. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates since our Annual Report.

Current wording

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Preparation of the financial statements requires our management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amount of revenue and expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We consider an accounting judgment, estimate or assumption to be critical when (1) the estimate or assumption is complex in nature or requires a high degree of judgment and (2) the use of different judgments, estimates and assumptions could have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2024. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates since our Annual Report, except as described in Notes 2 and 3 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.