IAC Inc

NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION

Company overview

IAC today is comprised of category leading businesses, including Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc. (“Angi”) and Care.com, as well as others ranging from early stage to established businesses. IAC also holds strategic equity positions in businesses across several industries, including in MGM Resorts International (“MGM”) and Turo, Inc (“Turo”).

As used herein, “IAC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and other similar terms refer to IAC Inc. and its subsidiaries (unless the context requires otherwise).

Dotdash Meredith is one of the largest digital and print publishers in America. Nearly 200 million people trust Dotdash Meredith each month to help them make decisions, take action, and find inspiration. Dotdash Meredith's over 40 iconic brands include People, Better Homes & Gardens, Verywell, FOOD & WINE, The Spruce, allrecipes, BYRDIE, REAL SIMPLE, Investopedia, and Southern Living.

Dotdash Meredith hastwo operating segments: (i) Digital, which includes its digital, mobile and licensing operations; and (ii) Print, which includes its magazine subscription and newsstand operations.

Angi

On January 13, 2025, IAC announced that its Board of Directors approved a plan to spin off its full stake in Angi to IAC shareholders. The Company intends to effect the spin-off through a dividend to the holders of its common stock and Class B common stock of all of the common stock of Angi owned by the Company (the “Distribution”). Prior to the effective time of the Distribution, the Company intends to voluntarily convert all of the shares of Class B common stock of Angi that it owns to shares of Class A common stock of Angi. The completion of the Distribution remains subject to customary conditions and to the final approval of the Company's Board of Directors and may not be completed, on the anticipated terms or at all. The Company expects to complete the Distribution as soon as March 31, 2025.

Angi is a publicly traded company that connects quality home professionals with consumers across more than 500 different categories, from repairing and remodeling homes to cleaning and landscaping. Approximately 168,000 transacting professionals actively sought consumer matches, completed jobs or advertised work through Angi platforms during the three months ended December 31, 2024. Additionally, consumers turned to at least one Angi business to find a professional for approximately 17 million projects during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024, IAC’s economic interest and voting interest in Angi were 85.3% and 98.3%, respectively.

On November 1, 2023, Angi completed the sale of 100% of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Total Home Roofing, LLC (“Roofing”), and has reflected it as a discontinued operation in its standalone financial statements. Roofing did not meet the threshold to be reflected as a discontinued operation at the IAC level. During the fourth quarter of 2023, IAC moved Roofing to Emerging & Other. Following the sale of Roofing, Angi hasthree operating segments: (i) Ads and Leads, (ii) Services and (iii) International (includes Europe and Canada), and operates under multiple brands including Angi, HomeAdvisor and Handy. Ads and Leads provides professionals the capability to engage with potential customers, including quoting and invoicing services, and provides consumers with tools and resources to help them find local, pre-screened and customer-rated professionals nationwide for home repair, maintenance and improvement projects. Services consumers can request household services directly through the Angi platform, and such requests are fulfilled by independently established home services providers engaged in a trade, occupation and/or business that customarily provides such services. Matching service, booking of pre-priced services and related tools and directories are provided to consumers free of charge upon registration.

Care.com, a leading online destination for families to connect with caregivers for their children, aging parents, pets and homes and for caregivers to connect with families seeking care services. Care.com's brands include Care For Business, Care.com offerings to enterprises and HomePay.

Search

The Search segment consists of Ask Media Group and the Desktop business. Ask Media Group is a collection of websites providing general search services and information. The Desktop business includes our business-to-business partnership operations and the remaining installed base of our legacy direct-to-consumer downloadable desktop applications. Ask Media Group’s websites include, among others: Ask.com, a search site with a variety of fresh and contemporary content (celebrities, culture, entertainment, travel and general knowledge); Reference.com, a search and general knowledge content site that provides content across select vertical categories (history, business and finance and geography, among other verticals); Consumersearch.com, a search and content website that provides content designed to simplify the product research process; and Shopping.net, a vertical shopping search site, each of which contains a mix of search services and/or content targeted to various user or segment demographics.

Emerging & Other primarily includes:

•Vivian Health, a platform to efficiently connect healthcare professionals with job opportunities;

•The Daily Beast, a website dedicated to news, commentary, culture and entertainment that publishes original reporting and opinion from its roster of full-time journalists and contributors;

•IAC Films, a provider of producer services for feature films, primarily for initial sale and distribution through theatrical releases and video-on-demand services in the United States (“U.S.”) and internationally;

•Mosaic Group, a former developer and provider of global subscription mobile applications, for periods prior to the sale of its assets on February 15, 2024, which was accounted for as a sale of a business, for approximately $160 million;

•Roofing, a provider of roof replacement and repair services, for periods prior to its sale on November 1, 2023; and

•Bluecrew, a technology driven staffing platform, for periods prior to its sale on November 9, 2022.

Discontinued Operation

Following the spin-off of IAC's full stake in Vimeo, Inc. (“Vimeo”) to IAC shareholders on May 25, 2021, Vimeo became an independent, separately traded public company and was presented as a discontinued operation within the Company's financial statements. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company allocated to Vimeo certain federal and state net operating losses based on the filing of its 2021 tax returns. The Company recorded a $2.7 million tax benefit through discontinued operations and deferred taxes to reflect this allocation.

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements (referred to herein as “financial statements”) in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The financial statements include all accounts of the Company, all entities that are wholly-owned by the Company and all entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany transactions and balances between entities comprising the Company have been eliminated.

Accounting Estimates

Management of the Company is required to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions during the preparation of its financial statements in accordance with GAAP. These estimates, judgments and assumptions affect the amounts and disclosures reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, judgments and assumptions, including those related to: the fair values of cash equivalents and marketable debt and equity securities; the carrying value of accounts receivable, including the determination of the allowance for credit losses; the determination of the customer relationship period for certain costs to obtain a contract with a customer; the recoverability of right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”); the useful lives and recoverability of buildings, capitalized software, equipment and leasehold improvements and definite-lived intangible assets; the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets; the fair value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values; the fair value of interest rate swaps; contingencies; the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration arrangements; unrecognized tax benefits; the liability for potential refunds and customer credits; the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets; pension and post-retirement benefit expenses, including actuarial assumptions regarding discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, inflation and healthcare costs; and the fair value of and forfeiture rates for stock-based awards, among others. The Company bases its estimates, judgments and assumptions on historical experience, its forecasts and budgets and other factors that the Company considers relevant.

General Revenue Recognition

The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when it has approval and commitment from all authorized parties, the rights of the parties and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised services or goods is transferred to the Company’s customers and in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services or goods.

The Company's disaggregated revenue disclosures are presented in “Note 9—Segment Information.”

Transaction Price

The objective of determining the transaction price is to estimate the amount of consideration the Company is due in exchange for its services or goods, including amounts that are variable. Contracts may include sales incentives, such as volume discounts or rebates, which are accounted for as variable consideration when estimating the transaction price. The Company also maintains a liability for potential future refunds and customer credits, which is recorded as a reduction of revenue. All estimates of variable consideration are based upon historical experience and customer trends. The Company determines the total transaction price, including an estimate of any variable consideration, at contract inception and reassesses this estimate each reporting period.

The Company excludes from the measurement of transaction price all taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are both (i) imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and (ii) collected from customers. Accordingly, such tax amounts are not included as a component of revenue or cost of revenue.

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations

The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers, which are directly observable or an estimate if not directly observable.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

For contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedient available under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), applicable to such contracts and does not consider the time value of money.

In addition, as permitted under the practical expedient available under ASC 606, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) contracts with variable consideration that is tied to sales-based or usage-based royalties, allocated entirely to unsatisfied performance obligations, or to a wholly unsatisfied promise accounted for under the series guidance, and (iii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount which it has the right to invoice for services performed.

The Company also applies the practical expedient to expense sales commissions as incurred where the anticipated customer relationship period is one year or less as noted below.

Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

The Company uses a portfolio approach to assess the accounting treatment of the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. The Company recognizes an asset if we expect to recover those costs. To the extent that these costs are capitalized, the resultant asset is amortized on a systematic basis consistent with the pattern of the transfer of the services to which the asset relates. The Company has determined that certain costs, primarily commissions paid to employees pursuant to certain sales incentive programs and mobile app store fees, meet the requirements to be capitalized as a cost of obtaining a contract.

Commissions Paid to Employees Pursuant to Sales Incentive Programs

The Company has determined that commissions paid to employees pursuant to certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized as the incremental costs to obtain a contract with a customer. When customer renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission, the average customer life includes renewal periods. Capitalized commissions paid to employees pursuant to these sales incentive programs are amortized over the estimated customer relationship period and are included in “Selling and marketing expense” in the statement of operations. The Company calculates the anticipated customer relationship period as the average customer life, which is based on historical data.

For sales incentive programs where the anticipated customer relationship period is one year or less, the Company has elected the practical expedient to expense the commissions as incurred. Beginning October 1, 2022, commissions earned on certain transactions within the Angi Ads and Leads segment were expensed as incurred after determining the related customer relationship was less than one year.

App Store Fees

The Company pays fees to the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store for the distribution of our paid mobile apps. The Company capitalizes and amortizes mobile app store fees related to subscriptions over the term of the applicable subscription. The amortization of mobile app store fees is included in “Cost of revenue” in the statement of operations.

Summary of Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

The following table presents the capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized expense of $62.4 million, $97.4 million and $95.5 million, respectively, related to the amortization of capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer. The change in capitalized app store fees from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 reflects the reduction of $7.0 million due to the sale of assets of Mosaic Group on February 15, 2024.

The current and non-current capitalized costs to obtain a contract with a customer are included in “Other current assets” and “Other non-current assets,” respectively, in the balance sheet.

Commissions Paid to Third-Party Agents for the Sales of Magazine Subscriptions

Dotdash Meredith uses third-party agents to obtain certain magazine subscribers. The agents are paid a commission, which can be as much as the subscription price charged to the subscriber. Dotdash Meredith subscriptions do not have substantive termination penalties; therefore, the contract term is determined on an issue-by-issue basis. Accordingly, these commissions do not qualify for capitalization because there is no contract with a customer until a copy is prepared for shipment, at which point these costs are expensed. In the event a subscriber cancels its subscription, Dotdash Meredith recognizes a liability to the extent the commission is refundable to the third-party agent. Dotdash Meredith expenses additional amounts paid to agents (such as per subscriber bounties) to acquire subscribers as incurred. Expenses related to third-party agent sales of magazine subscriptions are included in “Selling and marketing expense” in the statement of operations.

Dotdash Meredith revenue consists of digital and print revenue. Digital revenue consists principally of advertising, performance marketing and licensing and other revenue. Print revenue consists principally of subscription, advertising, project and other, newsstand and performance marketing revenue.

Digital

Advertising

Advertising revenue is generated primarily through digital advertisements sold by Dotdash Meredith's sales team directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies and programmatic advertising networks. Performance obligations consist of delivering advertisements with a promised number of actions related to the advertisements, such as impressions or clicks, displaying advertisements for an agreed upon amount of time or providing available advertising space. The price is determined by an agreed-upon pricing model such as CPM (cost-per-1,000 impressions), CPC (cost-per-click) or flat fees.

The Company recognizes revenue over time as performance obligations are satisfied. Revenue is recognized using an output method based on actions delivered or time elapsed depending on the nature of the performance obligation. The Company considers the right to receive consideration from a customer to correspond directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date. The customer is invoiced in the month following the month that the advertisements are delivered.

Performance Marketing

Performance marketing revenue includes commissions generated through affiliate commerce, affinity marketing channels and performance marketing. Affiliate commerce commission revenue is generated when Dotdash Meredith's branded content refers consumers to commerce partner websites resulting in a purchase or transaction. Performance marketing commissions are generated on a cost-per-click or cost-per-action basis. Performance marketing and affiliate commerce partners are invoiced monthly.

Affinity marketing programs are arrangements where Dotdash Meredith acts as an agent for both Dotdash Meredith and third-party publishers to market and place magazine subscriptions online. Dotdash Meredith net settles with the third-party publishers monthly.

Licensing and Other

Licensing and other revenue include symbolic licenses, which include direct-to-retail product partnerships based on Dotdash Meredith's brands, and functional licenses, which consist of content use and distribution relationships, including utilization in large-language models and other artificial intelligence-related activities. Revenues from symbolic licenses are in the form of a royalty based on the sale or usage of the branded product, which is recognized over time when the sale or use occurs. Generally, revenues are accrued based on estimated sales and adjusted as actual sales are reported by partners. These adjustments are typically recorded within three months of the initial estimates and have not been material. Minimum guarantees, if applicable, are generally recognized as revenue over the term of the applicable contract. Revenue from functional licenses is recognized as Dotdash Meredith's content is delivered or access to the content is granted.

Print

Subscription

Subscription revenue relates to the sale of Dotdash Meredith magazine subscriptions, including digital editions. Subscriptions do not have substantive termination penalties; therefore, the contract term is determined on an issue-by-issue basis. Most of Dotdash Meredith’s subscription sales are prepaid at the time of order and may be canceled at any time for a refund of the pro rata portion of the initial subscription. Accordingly, the amounts received from prepaid subscriptions are recorded as a customer deposit liability rather than as deferred revenue. Each issue is a distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognized when the publication is sent to the customer.

Advertising

Advertising revenue primarily relates to the sale of advertising in magazines directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies. Revenue is recognized on the magazine issue’s on-sale date, which is the date the magazine is published. The customer is invoiced, net of agency commissions, once the advertisements are published under normal industry trade terms.

Project and Other

Project and other revenue include other revenue streams that are primarily project based and may relate to any one or combination of the following activities: audience targeted advertising, custom publishing, content strategy and development, email marketing, social media, database marketing and search engine optimization. Depending on the contractual arrangement, revenue is recognized either as the purchased advertising is run on third-party platforms, or over the contractual period when the products do not have an alternate use to the Company or its other clients. Payment terms vary based on the nature of the contract.

Newsstand

Newsstand revenue is related to single copy magazines or bundles of single copy magazines sold to wholesalers for resale on newsstands. Publications sold to magazine wholesalers are sold with the right to receive credit from Dotdash Meredith for magazines returned to the wholesaler by retailers. Revenue is recognized on the issue's on-sale date as the date aligns most closely with the date that control is transferred to the customer. Wholesalers are invoiced a percentage of estimated final sales the month after the issue’s initial on-sale date. The previously estimated revenue is adjusted based upon the final sales, which occur when the final amounts are settled under normal industry terms.

Performance Marketing

Performance marketing revenue principally consists of affinity marketing revenue through which Dotdash Meredith places magazine subscriptions for third-party publishers. Commissions are earned when a subscriber name has been provided to the publisher and any free trial period is completed. Dotdash Meredith net settles with these third parties monthly.

Angi

Ads and Leads

Ads and Leads revenue includes consumer connection revenue which comprises fees paid by professionals for consumer matches (regardless of whether the professional ultimately provides the requested service), revenue from professionals under contract for advertising, membership subscription revenue from professionals and consumers and revenue from other services. Consumer connection revenue varies based upon several factors, including the service requested, product experience offered, and geographic location of service. Consumer connection revenue is generally billed one week following a consumer match, with payment due upon receipt of invoice. Angi maintains a liability for potential credits issued to professionals. Angi professionals generally pay for advertisements in advance on a monthly or annual basis at the option of the professional, with the average advertising contract term being approximately one year. Angi website, mobile and call center advertising revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term. Revenue from the sale of advertising in the Angie’s List Magazine is recognized in the period in which the publication is distributed. Professional membership subscription revenue is initially deferred upon receipt of payment and is recognized using the straight-line method over the applicable subscription period, which is typicallyone year. Angi prepaid consumer membership subscription fees are recognized as revenue using the straight-line method over the term of the applicable subscription period, which is typicallyone year.

Services

Services revenue primarily reflects domestic revenue from pre-priced offerings by which the consumer requests services through an Angi platform and Angi engages a professional to perform the service. Consumers are billed when a job is started through the Services platform. Billing practices are governed by the contract terms of each project as negotiated with the consumer. Billings do not necessarily correlate with revenue recognized over time as this is based on the timing of when the consumer receives the promised services.

From January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2022, Services recorded revenue on a gross basis. Effective January 1, 2023, Angi modified the Services terms and conditions so that the professional, rather than Angi, has the contractual relationship with the consumer to deliver the service and Angi's performance obligation to the consumer is to connect them with the professional. This change in contractual terms requires revenue to be reported as the net amount of what is received from the consumer after deducting the amounts owed to the professional providing the service effective for all arrangements entered into after December 31, 2022. There is no impact to operating loss or Adjusted EBITDA from this change in revenue recognition. For the year ended December 31, 2022, if Services revenue were recorded on a net basis, revenue would have been reduced by $242.6 million.

International

International revenue primarily comprises consumer connection revenue for matches between consumers and professionals and membership subscription revenue from professionals.

Care.com consists of consumer and enterprise revenue. Consumer revenue is primarily generated through subscription fees from families and caregivers, both domestically and internationally, for Care.com's suite of products and services. Consumer also includes revenue generated through Care.com's comprehensive household payroll and tax support services (HomePay), as well as through contracts with businesses that advertise through Care.com's platform. Subscription fees for consumer services are deferred and recognized over the applicable subscription period, which ranges from one month up to one year. Enterprise revenue is primarily generated through annual contracts with businesses (employers or re-sellers) that provide access to Care.com’s suite of products and services as an employee benefit. Fees from enterprise contracts include subscription revenue, which is deferred and recognized over the applicable subscription period, and backup care (including child, senior and pet) for employees, which is recognized upon delivery of service.

Search

Ask Media Group revenue consists primarily of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries, as well as from display advertisements appearing alongside content on its various websites and, to a lesser extent, affiliate commerce commission revenue. Paid listings are advertisements displayed on search results pages that generally contain a link to advertiser websites. The majority of the paid listings displayed by Ask Media Group is supplied to us by Google Inc. (“Google”) pursuant to our services agreement with Google, dated as of October 26, 2015 and as subsequently amended (the “Services Agreement”), described below under “Services Agreement with Google.” Pursuant to this agreement, Ask Media Group businesses transmit search queries to Google, which in turn transmits a set of relevant and responsive paid listings back to these businesses for display in search results. This ad-serving process occurs independently of, but concurrently with, the generation of algorithmic search results for the same search queries. Google paid listings are displayed separately from algorithmic search results and are identified as sponsored listings on search results pages. Paid listings are priced on a price-per-click basis and when a user submits a search query through an Ask Media Group business and then clicks on a Google paid listing displayed in response to the query, Google bills the advertiser that purchased the paid listing and shares a portion of the fee charged to the advertiser with the Ask Media Group business. The Company recognizes paid listing revenue from Google when it delivers the user’s click. In cases where the user’s click is generated due to the efforts of a third-party distributor, we recognize the amount due from Google as revenue and record a revenue share or other payment obligation to the third-party distributor as traffic acquisition costs.

Desktop revenue principally consists of advertising revenue generated principally through the display of paid listings in response to search queries. The majority of the paid listings displayed are supplied to us by Google in the manner, and pursuant to the services agreement with Google, described above.

Vivian Health revenue consists of subscription and usage revenue, which is generated through recruiting agencies and other employers that seek access to qualified healthcare professionals. Subscription revenue is recognized at the earlier of the full delivery of the promised services or over the length of the subscription period. There is usage revenue when the usage is in excess of the allotted amount included in the subscription; the usage revenue is recognized in the period in which services were delivered.

Revenue of IAC Films is generated primarily through media production and distribution and recognized when control is transferred to the customer to broadcast or exhibit.

The Daily Beast revenue consists of advertising revenue, which is generated primarily through display advertisements (sold directly and through programmatic advertising networks), and to a lesser extent, subscription revenue and affiliate commerce commission revenue. Fees related to display advertisements are recognized when an advertisement is displayed.

Mosaic Group revenue for periods prior to its sale on February 14, 2024 primarily consisted of fees paid by subscribers for downloadable mobile applications distributed through the Apple App Store and Google Play Store and fees received directly from consumers, as well as display advertisements. Fees related to subscription downloadable mobile applications were initially deferred and generally recognized either over the term of the subscription period, which was up to one year or at the time of the sale when the software license was delivered. Fees related to display advertisements were recognized when an advertisement was displayed.

Roofing revenue for periods prior to its sale on November 1, 2023 primarily consisted of revenue from the roof replacement business offering by which the consumer purchased services directly from the Roofing business and Roofing then engaged a professional to perform the service. Consumers typically paid when a job was completed and revenue was recognized based on the Company's progress in satisfying the roofing service.

Bluecrew revenue for periods prior to its sale on November 9, 2022 consisted of service revenue, which was generated through staffing workers and recognized as control of the promised services was transferred to our customers.

Accounts Receivable, Net of the Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The allowance for credit losses is based upon a number of factors, including the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the specific customer’s ability to pay its obligation and any other forward-looking data regarding customers' ability to pay that is available. Customer payments that are not collected in advance of the transfer of promised services or goods are generally due no later than 30 days from the invoice date, with the exception of invoices at Dotdash Meredith, which vary by revenue stream as described above.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of payments that are received or are contractually due in advance of the Company’s performance obligation. The Company’s deferred revenue is reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The Company classifies deferred revenue as current when the remaining term or expected completion of its performance obligation is one year or less. The current and non-current deferred revenue balances were $98.6 million and $0.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2024, and $143.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $112.7 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2023. The change in the deferred revenue balance from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 also reflects a further reduction of $24.5 million related to the sale of assets of Mosaic Group on February, 15, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $152.7 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance at December 31, 2022. The current and non-current deferred revenue balances were $157.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2022. Non-current deferred revenue is included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the balance sheet.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and short-term investments, with maturities of less than 91 days from the date of purchase. Domestically, cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA rated government money market funds and treasury bills. Internationally, cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA rated government money market funds and time deposits.

Accounting for Investments in Marketable Debt Securities

At times, the Company invests in marketable debt securities with active secondary or resale markets to ensure portfolio liquidity to fund current operations or satisfy other cash requirements as needed. Marketable debt securities are adjusted to fair value each quarter, and the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. The specific-identification method is used to determine the cost of debt securities sold and the amount of unrealized gains and losses reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into earnings. The Company also invests in non-marketable debt securities as part of its investment strategy. We review our debt securities for impairment each reporting period. The Company recognizes an unrealized loss on debt securities in net earnings when the impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary. Factors we consider in making such a determination include the duration, severity and reason for the decline in value and the potential recovery and our intent to sell the debt security. We also consider whether we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis and whether the amortized cost basis cannot be recovered because of credit losses. If an impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary, the debt security will be written down to its fair value and the loss will be recognized within “Other (expense) income, net” in the statement of operations. At December 31, 2024 there wereno marketable debt securities. At December 31, 2023 marketable debt securities consist of treasury bills of $149.0 million.

Certain Risks and Concentrations

Services Agreement with Google

On January 20, 2025, the Company entered into a further amendment to its Services Agreement (the “Amendment”), with the amended terms to be effective on April 1, 2025. Following the execution of the Amendment, the expiration date of the Services Agreement was extended from March 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026, with an automatic renewal for an additional one-year period absent a notice of non-renewal from either party on or before December 31, 2025. The Company earns certain other advertising revenue from Google that is not attributable to the Services Agreement. A portion of the Company’s net cash from operating activities that it can freely access is attributable to revenue earned pursuant to the Services Agreement and other revenue earned from Google.

The Services Agreement requires that the Company comply with certain guidelines promulgated by Google. Google may generally unilaterally update its policies and guidelines without advance notice. These updates may be specific to the Services Agreement or could be more general and thereby impact the Company as well as other companies. These policy and guideline updates have in the past (and could in the future) require modifications to, or prohibit and/or render obsolete certain of our products, services and/or business practices, which have negatively impacted revenue and been costly to address (and could in the future), which have had and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, changes to certain of the economic terms of the Services Agreement will become effective April 1, 2025 and the Company expects this could negatively impact Search revenue.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, total revenue earned from Google was $503.5 million, $715.0 million and $701.5 million, respectively, representing 13%,16% and 13%, respectively, of the Company's revenue. The related accounts receivable totaled $43.7 million and $52.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The revenue attributable to the Services Agreement is earned at Search and, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, was $375.4 million, $574.3 million and $514.8 million, respectively, representing 10%,13% and 10%, respectively, of the Company's total revenue.

Equity Price Risk

At December 31, 2024, the Company owns 64.7 million common shares of MGM, which represents 22.0% of MGM's common shares outstanding. In the fourth quarter of 2023, MGM's ongoing share repurchase program passively increased the Company's ownership interest in MGM and the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applied and elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company's investment in MGM was accounted for as an equity security with a readily determinable fair value, with changes in fair value recognized through income each period. Since the Company has always marked its investment in MGM to fair value through income each period, the election of the fair value option resulted in no change to the accounting for its investment in MGM. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded unrealized pre-tax (losses) gains from its investment in MGM in its statement of operations of $(649.2) million, $721.7 million and $(723.5) million, respectively.

The cumulative unrealized net pre-tax gain at December 31, 2024 is $978.8 million. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying value of the Company's investment in MGM, which includes the cumulative unrealized pre-tax gains, was $2.2 billion and $2.9 billion, or approximately 23% and 28% of the Company’s consolidated total assets, respectively. A $2.00 increase or decrease in the share price of MGM would result in an unrealized gain or loss, respectively, of $129.4 million. At February 7, 2025, the fair value of the Company's investment in MGM was $2.2 billion. The Company’s results of operations and financial condition have in the past been and may in the future be materially impacted by increases or decreases in the price of MGM common shares, which are traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

Interest Rate Risk

At December 31, 2024, the principal amount of the Company's outstanding debt totals $1.98 billion, of which $1.48 billion at Dotdash Meredith bears interest at a variable rate. Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps for a total notional amount of $350 million in March 2023. See “Interest Rate Swaps” below and Note 6—Long-term Debt for additional information. At December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of $1.18 billion related to Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1 due December 1, 2028 (“Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1”) bore interest at an adjusted term secured overnight financing rate (“Adjusted SOFR”), subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 3.50%, or 8.05%, and the outstanding balance of $297.5 million related to Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A due December 1, 2026 (“Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A”) bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.25%, or 6.94%. If Adjusted Term SOFR were to increase or decrease by 100 basis points, the annual interest expense on Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1, net of the impact related to the $350 million in notional amount of interest rate swaps, would increase or decrease by $11.3 million.

Credit Risk

The Company has counterparty credit risk exposure to the private limited life insurance company, which issued the annuity contracts held by the IPC Pension Scheme (“IPC Plan”), which is the funded plan in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), as well as certain financial institutions that are counterparties to the interest rate swaps. In addition, cash and cash equivalents are maintained with financial institutions and are in excess of any applicable third-party insurance limits, such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation.

Other Risks

The Company is subject to certain risks and concentrations including dependence on third-party technology providers and exposure to risks associated with online commerce security.

Buildings, Land, Capitalized Software, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements

Buildings, land, capitalized software, equipment and leasehold improvements are recorded at cost or at fair value to the extent acquired in a business combination. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Amortization of leasehold improvements, which is included in “Depreciation” in the statement of operations, and depreciation are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, or, in the case of leasehold improvements, the lease term, if shorter.

The Company capitalizes certain internal use software costs including external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the software and compensation for personnel directly associated with the development of the software. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. The net book value of capitalized internal use software is $82.8 million and $109.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Business Combinations

The purchase price of an acquisition is attributed to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets that either arise from a contractual or legal right or are separable from goodwill. The Company usually obtains the assistance of outside valuation experts in the allocation of purchase price to the identifiable intangible assets acquired. While outside valuation experts may be used, management has the ultimate responsibility for the valuation methods, models and inputs used and the resulting purchase price allocation. The excess purchase price over the value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill and is assigned to the reporting unit(s) that is expected to benefit from the business combination as of the acquisition date. There have been no acquisitions made since the 2021 acquisition of Meredith Holdings Corporation (“Meredith”), for which the allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the determination of the reporting units and the allocation of goodwill to the reporting units were finalized during the fourth quarter of 2022.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Dotdash Meredith's operating segments and reporting units are Digital and Print. Angi's Ads and Leads, Services and International are separate operating segments and reporting units. Care.com and Search are separate operating segments and reporting units. Within Emerging & Other, Mosaic Group (prior to the sale of its assets on February 15, 2024), Roofing (prior to its sale on November 1, 2023), Vivian Health, The Daily Beast, IAC Films, Newco (IAC's former incubator company) and Bluecrew (prior to its sale on November 9, 2022), are separate operating segments and reporting units. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. See “Note 9—Segment Information” for additional information regarding the Company's method of determining operating and reportable segments.

The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are certain trade names and trademarks, for impairment annually at October 1 or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit or the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value.

When the Company elects to perform a qualitative assessment and concludes it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, no further assessment of that reporting unit's goodwill is necessary; otherwise, a quantitative assessment is performed and the fair value of the reporting unit is determined. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, a goodwill impairment equal to the excess is recorded.

For the Company's annual goodwill test as of October 1, 2024, qualitative assessments of the goodwill of the Dotdash Meredith Digital, Angi International and Vivian Health reporting units were performed because the Company concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of these reporting units was in excess of their respective carrying values. The primary factors that the Company considered in its qualitative assessment for each of these reporting units are described below:

•The Company considered the strong forecasted operating performance, in addition to actual operating results in the current year, of the Dotdash Meredith Digital reporting unit and, based on the Company's latest valuation prepared as of October 1, 2023, the excess of its estimated fair value of the reporting unit compared to its carrying value. The Company also considered the valuations of Dotdash Meredith as of December 31, 2023 and June 30, 2024 that were prepared in connection with the issuance and/or settlement of equity awards that are denominated in its equity. These valuations were prepared time proximate to, however, not as of, October 1, 2024.

•The Company prepared a valuation of the Angi International and Vivian Health reporting units primarily in connection with the issuance and/or settlement of equity awards that are denominated in the equity of these businesses as of June 30, 2024. These valuations were prepared time proximate to, however, not as of, October 1, 2024. The fair value of these businesses were in excess of their October 1, 2024 carrying values.

For the Company's annual goodwill test at October 1, 2024, the Company quantitatively tested the Angi Ads and Leads, Angi Services, and Care.com reporting units. The Company's quantitative tests resulted in no impairments. The Company's remaining reporting units, Dotdash Meredith Print, Search, The Daily Beast and IAC Films, have no goodwill as of October 1, 2024.

Given the decline in Angi's and the Company's stock prices after October 1, 2024, the Company subsequently quantitatively tested all reporting units with goodwill as of December 31, 2024 andno impairments were noted.

During the third quarter of 2023 and second quarter of 2022, the Company reassessed the fair value of the Mosaic Group reporting unit (included within Emerging & Other) and recorded goodwill impairments of $9.0 million and $86.7 million, respectively, as a result of the projected reduction in future revenue and profits from the business and lower trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, prior to its sale in 2023, a quantitative assessment was performed on the Roofing reporting unit; this test resulted in a full impairment of $26.0 million due to Roofing exiting certain markets and a projected reduction in future profits from the business, which reduced its fair value.

There isno goodwill for which the most recent estimate of the excess of fair value over carrying value is less than 20%.

The fair value of the Company's reporting units is determined using both an income approach based on discounted cash flows (“DCF”) and a market approach when it tests goodwill for impairment, either on an interim basis or annual basis as of October 1 each year. The Company uses the same approach in determining the fair value of its businesses in connection with its non-public subsidiary denominated stock-based compensation plans, which can be a significant factor in the decision to apply the qualitative assessment rather than a quantitative test. Determining fair value using a DCF analysis requires the exercise of significant judgment with respect to several items, including the amount and timing of expected future cash flows and appropriate discount rates. The expected cash flows used in the DCF analyses are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows of the respective reporting units. Assumptions used in the DCF analyses, including the discount rate, are assessed based on each reporting unit's current results and forecasted future performance, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the quantitative tests as of December 31, 2024 for determining the fair values of the Dotdash Meredith Digital, Angi Ads and Leads, Angi Services, Angi International, Care.com and Vivian Health reporting units were 14.5%,13%,14%,15%,14.5% and 23%, respectively. The discount rates used in the quantitative tests as of October 1,2024 for determining the fair values of the Angi Ads and Leads, Angi Services and Care.com reporting units were 12.5%,13.5% and 14%, respectively. The discount rates used in the quantitative tests as of October 1, 2023 for determining the fair value of the Company's Dotdash Meredith Digital, Care.com and Mosaic Group reporting unit were 15.5%,16% and 16%, respectively. Determining fair value using a market approach considers multiples of financial metrics based onboth acquisitions and trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies. From the comparable companies, a representative market multiple is determined, which is applied to financial metrics to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. To determine a peer group of companies for our respective reporting units, we considered companies relevant in terms of consumer use, monetization model, margin and growth characteristics, and brand strength operating in their respective sectors.

While the Company has the option to qualitatively assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of its indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying values, the Company's policy is to determine the fair value of each of its indefinite-lived intangible assets annually as of October 1, in part, because the level of effort required to perform the quantitative and qualitative assessments is essentially equivalent. The Company determines the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets using an avoided royalty DCF valuation analysis. Significant judgments inherent in this analysis include the selection of appropriate royalty and discount rates and estimating the amount and timing of expected future cash flows. The discount rates used in the DCF analyses are intended to reflect the risks inherent in the expected future cash flows generated by the respective intangible assets. The royalty rates used in the DCF analyses are based upon an estimate of the royalty rates that a market participant would pay to license the Company's trade names and trademarks. The future cash flows are based on the Company's most recent forecast and budget and, for years beyond the budget, the Company's estimates, which are based, in part, on forecasted growth rates. Assumptions used in the avoided royalty DCF analyses, including the discount rate and royalty rate, are assessed annually based on the actual and projected cash flows related to the asset, as well as macroeconomic and industry specific factors. The discount rates used in the Company's annual indefinite-lived impairment assessment ranged from 12.5% to 14.5% in 2024 and 15% to 17% in 2023, and the royalty rates used ranged from 2% to 8% in both 2024 and 2023.The October 1, 2023 annual quantitative assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets identified an impairment of $79.9 million related to certain other indefinite-lived trade name intangible assets in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment. The discount rate used to value these trade names was 15.5% and the royalty rate was 6%.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company identified an impairment charge of $2.6 million related to a certain indefinite-lived trade name at Angi Services. The discount rate used to value this trade name was 14.0% and the royalty rate was 2.5%.

During the first quarter of 2024, the Company determined that a projected reduction in future revenue related to certain indefinite-lived trade name intangible assets with a carrying value of $20.7 million in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment resulted in a change in classification to definite-lived intangible assets to be amortized over their respective useful lives. There was no impairment recorded in connection with the change in classification.

During the third quarter of 2023, the Company determined that a projected reduction in future revenue related to a certain indefinite-lived trade name intangible asset in the Dotdash Meredith Digital segment was an indicator of possible impairment. Following the identification of the indicator, the Company updated its calculation of the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and recorded an impairment of $7.6 million. The discount rate used to value the trade name was 16% and the royalty rate was 8%. A quantitative assessment of this indefinite-lived trade name intangible asset was prepared as of October 1, 2023; this test resulted in no additional impairment as its carrying value approximates its fair value.

If the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment equal to the excess is recorded. There is oneindefinite-lived intangible asset at Angi Services with a value of approximately$16.2 million for which the most recent estimate of the excess of fair value over carrying value is less than 20%.

The impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets are included in “Amortization of intangibles” in the statement of operations.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the carrying value is deemed not to be recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.

During the first quarter of 2023, due to the continued decline in the commercial real estate market, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $70.0 million related to certain unoccupied leased office space consisting of impairments of $44.7 million and $25.3 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively.

During the third quarter of 2022, Dotdash Meredith recorded impairment charges of $21.3 million related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition consisting of impairments of $14.3 million and $7.0 million of an ROU asset and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, respectively. See “Note 17—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments” for additional information.

The impairment charges related to ROU assets are included in “General and administrative expense” and the impairment charges related to leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment are included in “Depreciation” in the statement of operations. The impairment charges represent the amount by which the carrying value of the asset group exceeded its estimated fair value, calculated using a DCF approach using sublease market assumptions of the expected cash flows and discount rate. The impairment charges were allocated between the ROU assets and related leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment of the asset group based on their relative carrying values.

Accounting for Investments in Equity Securities

The Company's equity securities, other than those of its consolidated subsidiaries and those accounted for under the equity method, are accounted for at fair value or under the measurement alternative in accordance with ASC Subtopic 321, Investments - Equity Securities, with any changes to fair value recognized in “Other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations each reporting period. Under the measurement alternative, equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar securities of the same issuer; fair value is generally determined based on a market approach as of the transaction date. A security will be considered identical or similar if it has identical or similar rights to the equity securities held by the Company. The Company reviews its investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values for impairment each reporting period when there are qualitative factors or events that indicate possible impairment. Factors the Company considers in making this determination include negative changes in industry and market conditions, financial performance, business prospects, and other relevant events and factors. When indicators of impairment exist, the Company prepares quantitative assessments of the fair value of its investments in equity securities, which require judgment and the use of estimates. When the Company's assessment indicates that the fair value of the investment is below its carrying value, the Company writes down the investment to its fair value and records the corresponding charge in “Other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations.

As described above under “Equity Price Risk”, in the fourth quarter of 2023, MGM's ongoing share repurchase program passively increased the Company's ownership interest in MGM and the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applied and the Company elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company categorizes its financial instruments measured at fair value into a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

•Level 1: Observable inputs obtained from independent sources, such as quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2: Other inputs, which are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. The fair values of the Company’s Level 2 financial assets are primarily obtained from observable market prices for identical underlying securities that may not be actively traded. Certain of these securities may have different market prices from multiple market data sources, in which case an average market price is used.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and require the Company to develop its own assumptions, based on the best information available in the circumstances, about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. See “Note 3—Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements” for a discussion of fair value measurements made using Level 3 inputs.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

The Company's non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, ROU assets, buildings, capitalized software, equipment and leasehold improvements are adjusted to fair value only when an impairment is recognized. The Company's financial assets, comprising equity securities without readily determinable fair values, are adjusted to fair value when observable price changes are identified or an impairment is recognized. Such fair value measurements are based predominantly on Level 3 inputs. Refer to “Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets” and “Long-Lived Assets” above for a description of impairment charges.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed in the period incurred (when the advertisement first runs for production costs that are initially capitalized) and primarily represent online marketing, including fees paid to search engines, social media sites and other online marketing platforms, app platform and partners who direct traffic to the brands at Angi, offline marketing, which is primarily television, streaming and radio advertising within our Angi and Care.com segments and direct-mail costs for magazine subscription acquisition efforts at Dotdash Meredith. Advertising expense is $650.5 million, $858.1 million and $1.0 billion for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Legal Costs

Legal costs, other than certain costs incurred to obtain financing, which are generally capitalized, are expensed as incurred.

Interest Rate Swaps

In March 2023, Dotdash Meredith entered into interest rate swaps for a total notional amount of $350 million, which synthetically converted a portion of Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B due December 1, 2028 (“Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B”) and, following the effectiveness of Amendment No. 1 to the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement on November 26, 2024 (the “Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement”), Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1, from a variable rate to a fixed rate to manage interest rate risk exposure for the period commencing April 3, 2023 and ending April 1, 2027. Dotdash Meredith designated the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges and applies hedge accounting to these contracts in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. As cash flow hedges, the interest rate swaps are recognized at fair value on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities, with the changes in fair value recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in the balance sheet and reclassified into “Interest expense” in the statement of operations in the periods in which the interest rate swaps affect earnings. Dotdash Meredith assessed hedge effectiveness at the time of entering into these agreements and determined these interest rate swaps are expected to be highly effective. Dotdash Meredith evaluates the hedge effectiveness of the interest rate swaps quarterly, or more frequently, if necessary, by verifying (i) that the critical terms of the interest rate swaps continue to match the critical terms of the hedged interest payments and (ii) that it is probable the counterparties will not default. If the two requirements are met, the interest rate swaps are determined to be effective and all changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss.” The cash flows related to interest settlements of the hedged monthly interest payments are classified as operating activities in the statement of cash flows, consistent with the interest expense on the related Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1 and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B.

Original Issue Discount, Debt Issuance Costs and Deferred Financing Costs

Costs incurred to obtain financing are deferred and amortized to “Interest expense” in the statement of operations over the related financing period using the effective interest method. The Company records debt issuance costs as a direct reduction of the carrying value of the related debt. Financing costs related to the undrawn revolving credit facility are included in “Other non-current assets” in the balance sheet.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company records interest, net of any applicable related income tax benefit, for uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. The Company elects to recognize the tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income as a period expense in the period the tax is incurred.

The Company evaluates and accounts for uncertain tax positions using a two-step approach. Recognition (step one) occurs when the Company concludes that a tax position, based solely on its technical merits, is more likely than not to be sustainable upon examination. Measurement (step two) determines the amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. De-recognition of a tax position that was previously recognized would occur when the Company subsequently determines that a tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained.

Pensions and Post-Retirement Benefits

In connection with the acquisition of Meredith in December 2021, the Company assumed certain pension plan obligations. The two largest of these pension plans were funded plans in the U.K. and the U.S.

The IPC Plan relates to a business that was sold by Meredith Corporation prior to December 2021. The IPC Plan has entered into two annuity contracts designed to provide payments equal to all future designated contractual benefit payments to covered participants. The value of these annuity contracts and the liabilities with respect to participants are expected to match. There are no active participants in the IPC Plan or the unfunded pension plan in the U.K. so there are no service costs. While the Company does not expect to have to make any contributions to the IPC Plan, that could change based upon future events.

The domestic funded plan and unfunded plan were frozen with respect to new participants January 1, 2018. The domestic funded pension plan was terminated as of December 31, 2022, and therefore, has no service costs after that date. No future contributions will be required to the domestic funded plan due to its termination.

The domestic unfunded plan was frozen as of December 31, 2024, and therefore, will have no service costs in the future. Pension benefits for the domestic plan are based on formulas that reflect pay credits allocated to participants’ accounts based on years of benefit service and annual pensionable earnings.

The unfunded plan in the U.S. and the unfunded plan in the U.K. are funded as payments are made to the plan participants, which can include the purchase of annuity contracts. In addition, the Company provides health care benefits for certain employees in the U.S. upon their retirement. This plan is the only plan with active participants that are accruing benefits based upon service and the expected cost of which is accrued over the period that the employees render service; this plan is funded as claims are paid.

The Company utilizes a mark-to-market approach to account for pension and post-retirement benefits. Under this approach, the Company recognizes changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains or losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever a plan is required to be remeasured. Events requiring a plan remeasurement are recognized in the quarter in which the remeasurement event occurs. The remaining components of pension and other post-retirement plan net periodic benefit (credit) cost are recorded on a quarterly basis.

The discount rate for the IPC Plan is an effective insurance settlement rate, using the estimated discount rates inherent in the annuity contracts at each measurement date. The discount rates utilized for the domestic plans and the unfunded U.K. plan were based on the investment yields of high-quality corporate bonds available in the marketplace with maturities equal to projected cash flows of future benefit payments as of the measurement date.

See “Note 11—Pension and Post-Retirement Benefit Plans” for additional information.

Earnings Per Share

Basic net earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options and other commitments to issue common stock were exercised or equity awards vested resulting in the issuance of common stock that could share in the earnings of the Company. Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for EPS. See “Note 13—Earnings (Loss) Per Share” for additional information on dilutive securities.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses

The financial position and operating results of foreign entities whose primary economic environment is based on their local currency are consolidated using the local currency as the functional currency. These local currency assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date, and local currency revenue and expenses of these operations are translated at average rates of exchange during the period. Translation gains and losses are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income” as a component of shareholders' equity. Transaction gains and losses resulting from assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the statement of operations as a component of “Other income (expense), net.” See “Note 14—Financial Statement Details” for additional information regarding foreign currency exchange gains and losses.

Translation gains and losses relating to foreign entities that are liquidated or substantially liquidated are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income into earnings. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2022, losses of $1.4 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, were reclassified into earnings and included in “Other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2023, no gains or losses were reclassified into earnings.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is generally expensed over the requisite service period. See “Note 10—Stock-Based Compensation” for a discussion of the Company's stock-based compensation plans.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests in the subsidiaries of the Company are ordinarily reported on the balance sheet within shareholders' equity, separately from the Company's equity. However, securities that are redeemable at the option of the holder and not solely within the control of the issuer must be classified outside of shareholders' equity. Accordingly, all noncontrolling interests that are redeemable at the option of the holder are presented outside of shareholders' equity in the balance sheet.

In connection with the acquisition of certain subsidiaries, management of these businesses has retained an ownership interest. The Company is party to fair value put and call arrangements with respect to these interests. These put and call arrangements allow management of these businesses to require the Company to purchase their interests or allow the Company to acquire such interests at fair value, respectively. The put arrangements do not meet the definition of a derivative instrument as the put agreements do not provide for net settlement. These put and call arrangements become exercisable by the Company and the counterparty at various dates in the future. There were no arrangements exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. These put arrangements are exercisable by the counterparty outside the control of the Company. Accordingly, to the extent that the redemption amount of these interests exceeds the value determined by normal noncontrolling interest accounting, the value of such interests is adjusted to the redemption amount with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded adjustments of $(7.0) million, $7.6 million and $24.2 million, respectively, to (decrease) increase these interests to their redemption amounts. Adjustments to these interests require high levels of judgment and are based on various valuation techniques, including market comparables and discounted cash flow projections.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted by the Company

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07—Segment Reporting (Topic 280)—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, which is intended to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information about reportable segments of a public business entity, primarily through enhanced disclosures of significant segment expenses. The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07 effective for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2024 and applied the new guidance retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. See “Note 9—Segment Information” for additional information on the impact to the Company.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted by the Company

ASU No. 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, which establishes required categories and a quantitative threshold to the annual tabular rate reconciliation disclosure and disaggregated jurisdictional disclosures of income taxes paid. The guidance's annual requirements are effective for the Company beginning with the reporting period for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. Early adoption is permitted and ASU No. 2023-09 may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently assessing ASU No. 2023-09, its impact on its income tax disclosures and the method of adoption. ASU No. 2023-09 does not affect the Company'sresults of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The Company does not plan to adopt ASU No. 2023-09 early.

ASU No. 2024-03—Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)—Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, which is intended to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information about expenses of a public business entity, primarily through enhanced disclosures of certain components of expenses commonly presented within captions on the statement of operations, such as purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and amortization, as well as a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. ASU No. 2024-03 also requires disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, the definition of selling expenses. ASU No. 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and ASU No. 2024-03 may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently assessing ASU No. 2024-03, its impact on its disclosures and the timing and method of adoption. ASU No. 2024-03 does not affect the Company's results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

NOTE 3—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Marketable Securities

At December 31, 2024, the Company hasno outstanding available-for-sale marketable debt securities.

At December 31, 2023, the fair value of marketable securities are as follows:

Marketable securities are carried at fair value. The Company hasno investments in marketable equity securities, following the change in classification of its investment in MGM to an equity method investment in the fourth quarter of 2023, described below. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company hadtwo investments in marketable equity securities, other than its investment in MGM, including one investment that was fully impaired in the first quarter of 2023 due to the investee declaring bankruptcy and another investment that was sold in the third quarter of 2023. The Company recorded net unrealized pre-tax losses of $0.3 million and $20.3 million for these investments during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The realized and unrealized pre-tax gain and losses related to these investments are included in “Other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations.

At December 31, 2023, current available-for-sale marketable debt securities are as follows:

The contractual maturities of debt securities classified as current available-for-sale at December 31, 2023 were within one year. There wereno investments in available-for-sale marketable debt securities that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for longer than twelve months at December 31, 2023.

Investment in MGM Resorts International

In the fourth quarter of 2023, MGM's ongoing share repurchase program passively increased the Company's ownership interest in MGM and the Company determined that the equity method of accounting applied and elected to account for its investment in MGM pursuant to the fair value option. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion of the Company’s investment in MGM.

Long-term Investments

Long-term investments consist of:

Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Values

The following tables present a summary of unrealized pre-tax gains and losses recorded in “Other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations as adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The cumulative upward and downward adjustments (including impairments) to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held at December 31, 2024 were $31.4 million and $160.1 million, respectively.

Realized and unrealized pre-tax gains and losses for the Company's investments without readily determinable fair values for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

All pre-tax gains and losses on equity securities without readily determinable fair values, realized and unrealized, are recognized in “Other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations.

Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the Company's financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

(a) See “Note 11—Pension and Post-Retirement Benefit Plans” for additional information.

(b) Interest rate swaps relate to the $350 million notional amount entered into to hedge Dotdash Meredith's Term Loan B-1. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 6—Long-term Debt” for additional information. The fair value of interest rate swaps was determined using discounted cash flows derived from observable market prices, including swap curves, which are Level 2 inputs.

The following table presents the changes in the warrant, which was measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

Warrant

The Company owns preferred shares of Turo, a peer-to-peer car sharing marketplace, which are accounted for as an equity security without a readily determinable fair value, as the preferred shares are not common stock equivalents. As part of the Company's original investment in Turo preferred shares, the Company received a warrant that was recorded at fair value each reporting period with any change in fair value included in “Other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations. The warrant was measured using significant unobservable inputs and classified in the fair value hierarchy table as Level 3. The Company net settled its Turo warrant on July 23, 2024 (the warrant expiration date) for 4.5 million shares of Series E-2 preferred stock and the fair value of the warrant of $70.0 million was reclassified to equity securities without readily determinable fair values. The Company had measured this warrant at fair value at June 30, 2024 using the settlement value of the shares received pursuant to its net exercise on July 23, 2024. For the periods prior to the settlement, the warrant was included in “Other non-current assets” in the balance sheet.

Financial instruments measured at fair value only for disclosure purposes

The total fair value of the outstanding long-term debt, including the current portion, is estimated using observable market prices or indices for similar liabilities, which are Level 2 inputs, and was approximately $1.93 billion and $1.95 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 4—GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill and intangible assets, net are as follows:

The following table presents the balance of goodwill by reportable segment, including the changes in the carrying value of goodwill and accumulated impairment losses, for the year ended December 31, 2024:

Deductions at Emerging & Other are due to the sale of assets of Mosaic Group on February 15, 2024. The accumulated impairment losses at December 31, 2024 and 2023 within Emerging & Other are attributable to Mosaic Group. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion of the Company’s assessments of impairment of goodwill. Prior to the acquisition of Meredith in 2021, Dotdash’s previous goodwill balance of $198.3 million was fully impaired, resulting in its balance reflected in accumulated impairment losses at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. As a result of impairments previously recorded, the Search reportable segment hasno goodwill.

The following table presents the balance of goodwill by reportable segment, including the changes in the carrying value of goodwill and accumulated impairment losses, for the year ended December 31, 2023:

During the third quarter of 2023, the Company reassessed the fair value of the Mosaic Group reporting unit (included within Emerging & Other prior to the sale of its assets on February 15, 2024) and recorded a goodwill impairment of $9.0 million. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for further discussion of the Company’s assessments of impairment of goodwill.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, intangible assets with definite lives are as follows:

At December 31, 2024, amortization of intangible assets with definite lives for each of the next five years and thereafter is estimated to be as follows:

NOTE 5—LEASES

The Company primarily leases office space used in connection with its operations under various operating leases, the majority of which contain escalation clauses.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying assets for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the present value of the Company’s obligation to make payments arising from these leases. ROU assets and related lease liabilities are based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term using the Company's and certain of its subsidiaries' respective incremental borrowing rates on the lease commencement date, the date of acquisition for any leases acquired in connection with a business combination or January 1, 2019, the date ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) was adopted, for leases that commenced prior to that date. The Company combines the lease and non-lease components of lease payments in determining ROU assets and related lease liabilities. If the lease includes one or more options to extend the term of the lease, the renewal option is considered in the lease term if it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option(s). Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. As permitted by ASC 842, leases with an initial term of twelve months or less (“short-term leases”) are not recorded on the balance sheet.

Variable lease payments consist primarily of common area maintenance, utilities and taxes, which are not included in the recognition of ROU assets and related lease liabilities. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The following table presents the balances of ROU assets and lease liabilities within the balance sheet:

The following table presents the net lease expense within the statement of operations:

(a) Includes (i) lease impairment charges of $7.2 million, $48.9 million and $2.3 million, (ii) short-term lease expense of $1.0 million, $1.6 million and $4.0 million, (iii) sublease income of $16.0 million, $15.2 million and $17.1 million and (iv) gains (losses) on termination of leases of $2.2 million, $(0.2) million and $3.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Impairment charges related to ROU assets are included in “General and administrative expense” in the statement of operations. Impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2023 include $44.7 million related to certain unoccupied leased office space at Dotdash Meredith due to the continued decline in the commercial real estate market. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company also recorded $14.3 million of impairment charges related to the consolidation of certain leased spaces following the Meredith acquisition, which is included in “General and administration expense” in the statement of operations as a restructuring charge. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 17—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments” for additional information on impairment and restructuring charges, respectively.

Maturities of lease liabilities at December 31, 2024(b) are summarized below:

(b) Lease payments exclude $7.7 million of legally binding minimum lease payments for leases signed but not yet commenced.

The following are the weighted average assumptions used for lease term and discount rate:

The following is the supplemental cash flow information:

In addition, purchase accounting adjustments related to the 2021 acquisition of Meredith were completed during the year ended December 31, 2022 and ROU assets were adjusted downward by $4.3 million and lease liabilities were adjusted upward by $7.1 million.

NOTE 6—LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consists of:

Dotdash Meredith Term Loans and Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility

On December 1, 2021, Dotdash Meredith entered into a credit agreement (“Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement”), which provided for (i) thefive-year $350 million Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, (ii) theseven-year $1.25 billion Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B and (iii) afive-year $150 million revolving credit facility (“Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility”). On November 26, 2024, Dotdash Meredith entered into the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, which governs both the existing Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A and the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility, and replaced $1.18 billion of then outstanding Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B principal with an equal amount of Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1 (together with Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A, these loans are collectively referred to as “Dotdash Meredith Term Loans”).

Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bears interest at an Adjusted Term SOFR, as defined in the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, plus an applicable margin depending on Dotdash Meredith's most recently reported consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined in the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement. The adjustment to the secured overnight financing rate is fixed at 0.10% for Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 2.25%, or 6.94% and 7.69%, respectively. Prior to the effectiveness of the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore an interest rate of Adjusted Term SOFR plus 4.00%, plus a varying adjustment of 0.10%,0.15% or 0.25% based upon the duration of the borrowing period. The Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement reset the interest rate on Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1 to Adjusted Term SOFR plus 3.50% and removed the varying adjustment. At December 31, 2024, Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1 bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 3.50%, or 8.05%. At December 31, 2023, Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B bore interest at Adjusted Term SOFR, subject to a minimum of 0.50%, plus 4.00%, or 9.44%. Interest payments are due at least quarterly through the respective maturity dates of the Dotdash Meredith Term Loans.

Immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, the Company prepaid $30 million in aggregate principal of Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B. This prepayment and the reset of the interest rate of Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1 were evaluated on a creditor-by-creditor basis to determine whether the transaction should be accounted for as a modification or extinguishment of debt. As a result of this evaluation, a portion of the transaction was determined to be an extinguishment of debt and, therefore, the Company recorded a debt extinguishment loss of $0.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 to write off a pro-rata amount of unamortized issuance costs and original issue discount, and less than $0.1 million was capitalized as debt issuance costs. The extinguishment loss is recorded in “Interest expense” in the statement of operations. Third-party fees in connection with the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement of $3.5 million are recorded in “Other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations.

The interest rate swaps entered into in March 2023, with a maturity date of April 1, 2027, synthetically converted $350 million of Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B and, following the effectiveness of the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1, from a variable rate to a fixed rate. Following the effectiveness of the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, should Adjusted Term SOFR continue to equal or exceed 0.50%, then the fixed rate for Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1 will be approximately 7.32% ((i) the weighted average fixed interest rate of approximately 3.82% on the interest rate swaps and (ii) the base rate of 3.50%). In the event Adjusted Term SOFR becomes less than 0.50%, then the interest rate swaps would be fixed in a range from approximately 7.32% to 7.42% as determined by the governing agreements. Prior to the effectiveness of the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, the fixed rate for Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B was approximately 7.92% ((i) the weighted average fixed interest rate of approximately 3.82% on the interest rate swaps, (ii) the base rate of 4.00% and (iii) the adjustment to the secured overnight financing rate of 0.10%).

The interest rate swaps are expected to be highly effective. See “Note 8—Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income” for the net unrealized gains and losses before reclassifications in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” and realized gains reclassified into “Interest expense” for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. At December 31, 2024, approximately $1.1 million is expected to be reclassified into interest expense within the next twelve months as net realized gains.

Dotdash Meredith Term Loan A requires quarterly principal payments of approximately $8.8 million through December 31, 2025 and approximately $13.1 million thereafter through maturity. Prior to the effectiveness of the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B required quarterly payments of $3.1 million. Following the effectiveness of the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1 now requires quarterly payments of $3.0 million commencing March 31, 2026 through maturity. Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B and Dotdash Meredith Term Loan B-1 may require additional annual principal payments as part of an excess cash flow sweep provision, the amount of which, in part, is governed by the applicable net leverage ratio and further subject to the excess cash flow exceeding certain thresholds as defined in the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement and Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, respectively. No such payment is currently expected related to the period ended December 31, 2024 and no such payment was required related to the period ended December 31, 2023.

There wereno outstanding borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. The annual commitment fee on undrawn funds is based on the most recently reported Dotdash Meredith's consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined in the governing agreements, was 40 basis points at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. Any borrowings under the Dotdash Meredith Revolving Facility would bear interest, at Dotdash Meredith's option, at either a base rate or Adjusted Term SOFR, plus an applicable margin, which is based on Dotdash Meredith's consolidated net leverage ratio.

As of the last day of any calendar quarter, subject to certain exemptions and increases for qualifying material acquisitions, Dotdash Meredith will not permit the consolidated net leverage ratio as of the last day of such quarter to exceed 5.5 to 1.0, all as defined in the governing agreements. This ratio was not exceeded for both test periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement also contains covenants, which are consistent with the Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement, that would limit Dotdash Meredith’s ability to pay dividends, incur incremental secured indebtedness, or make distributions or certain investments in the event a default has occurred or if Dotdash Meredith’s consolidated net leverage ratio exceeds 4.0 to 1.0, subject to certain available amounts as defined in the governing agreements. Dotdash Meredith did not exceed this ratio for the test period ended December 31, 2024, but this ratio was exceeded for the test period ended December 31, 2023.

The Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement and the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement permit the Company to, among other things, contribute cash to Dotdash Meredith which will provide additional liquidity to ensure that Dotdash Meredith does not exceed certain consolidated net leverage ratios for any test period, as further defined in the governing agreements. In connection with these capital contributions, Dotdash Meredith may make distributions to the Company in amounts not more than any such capital contributions, provided that no default has occurred and is continuing. Such capital contributions and subsequent distributions impact the consolidated net leverage ratios of Dotdash Meredith, however, absent these contributions, Dotdash Meredith's consolidated net leverage ratio would not have exceeded 5.5 to 1.0 for the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company contributed $125 million to Dotdash Meredith, following which Dotdash Meredith distributed $230 million back to the Company, including $105 million in January 2024 related to the Company's contribution in December 2023. The contributions ceased in September 2024, which Dotdash Meredith distributed back to the Company in October 2024 and, therefore, there areno contributions or distributions outstanding as of December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company contributed $510 million to Dotdash Meredith, following which Dotdash Meredith distributed $405 million back to the Company.

The obligations under the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of Dotdash Meredith's wholly-owned subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of the assets of Dotdash Meredith and certain of its subsidiaries.

ANGI Group Debt

ANGI Group, LLC (“ANGI Group”) a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Angi, issued the ANGI Group Senior Notes on August 20, 2020. These notes may be redeemed at the redemption prices set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any, to the applicable redemption date, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on August 15 of the years indicated below:

The indenture governing the ANGI Group Senior Notes contains a covenant that would limit ANGI Group’s ability to incur liens for borrowed money in the event a default has occurred or ANGI Group’s secured leverage ratio exceeds 3.75 to 1.0 provided that ANGI Group is permitted to incur such liens under certain permitted credit facilities indebtedness notwithstanding the ratio, all as defined in the indenture. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no limitations pursuant thereto.

Long-term Debt Maturities:

Long-term debt maturities at December 31, 2024 are summarized in the table below:

NOTE 7—SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Description of Common Stock and Class B Convertible Common Stock

Except as described herein, shares of IAC common stock and IAC Class B common stock are identical.

The holders of shares of IAC common stock and IAC Class B common stock vote together as a single class with respect to matters that may be submitted to a vote or for the consent of IAC's shareholders generally, including the election of directors. In connection with any such vote, each holder of IAC common stock is entitled toone vote for each share of IAC common stock held and each holder of IAC Class B common stock is entitled toten votes for each share of IAC Class B common stock held. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the holders of shares of IAC common stock, acting as a single class, are entitled to elect 25% of the total number of IAC's directors, and, in the event that 25% of the total number of directors shall result in a fraction of a director, then the holders of shares of IAC common stock, acting as a single class, are entitled to elect the next higher whole number of IAC's directors. In addition, Delaware law requires that certain matters be approved by the holders of shares of IAC common stock or holders of IAC Class B common stock voting as a separate class.

Shares of IAC Class B common stock are convertible into shares of IAC common stock at the option of the holder thereof, at any time, on a share-for-share basis. Such conversion ratio will in all events be equitably preserved in the event of any recapitalization of IAC by means of a stock dividend on, or a stock split or combination of, outstanding shares of IAC common stock or IAC Class B common stock, or in the event of any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of IAC with another corporation. Upon the conversion of shares of IAC Class B common stock into shares of IAC common stock, those shares of IAC Class B common stock will be retired and will not be subject to reissue. Shares of IAC common stock are not convertible into shares of IAC Class B common stock.

The holders of shares of IAC common stock and the holders of shares of IAC Class B common stock are entitled to receive, share for share, such dividends as may be declared by IAC's Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution, distribution of assets or winding-up of IAC, the holders of shares of IAC common stock and the holders of shares of IAC Class B common stock are entitled to receive, share for share, all the assets of IAC available for distribution to its stockholders, after the rights of the holders of any IAC preferred stock have been satisfied.

Common Stock Repurchases

On June 30, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized repurchases up to 8.0 million shares of common stock. The Company didnot repurchase any of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2024. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, IAC repurchased 3.2 million and 1.1 million shares of its common stock, on a trade date basis, at an average price of $51.00 and $77.44 per share, or $165.6 million and $85.3 million in aggregate, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the Company has 3.7 million shares remaining in its share repurchase authorization.

NOTE 8—ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following tables present the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income tax.

The amounts reclassified out of foreign currency translation adjustment into earnings for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2022 relate to the substantial liquidation of certain international subsidiaries.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was a deferred income tax provision of $0.4 million and a deferred income tax benefit of $0.2 million, respectively, related to unrealized gains and losses, respectively, on interest rate swaps. At December 31, 2023, and 2022, there was a deferred income tax provision of less than $0.1 million related to net unrealized gains on available-for-sale marketable debt securities.

NOTE 9—SEGMENT INFORMATION

The overall concept that the Company employs in determining its operating segments is to present the financial information in a manner consistent with the chief operating decision maker's (“CODM”) view of the businesses. The Office of the Chairman, which is comprised of certain executives and members of the board of directors, is the CODM of the Company. We consider how the businesses are organized as to segment management and the focus of the businesses with regards to the types of services or products offered or the target market. Operating segments are combined for reporting purposes in the case of Emerging & Other because they do not meet the quantitative thresholds that require presentation as separate reportable segments.

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table presents revenue by reportable segment:

(a) Intersegment eliminations primarily relate to Dotdash Meredith Digital performance marketing commissions earned for the placement of magazine subscriptions for Dotdash Meredith Print.

(b) Intersegment eliminations primarily relate to advertising sold by Dotdash Meredith to other IAC owned businesses and Ads and Leads revenue earned from sales to Roofing prior to its sale.

The following table presents the revenue of the Company's segments disaggregated by type of service:

Segment Expenses

The following table presents the significant expenses included in the Company's segment reporting performance measure, Segment Adjusted EBITDA, that are regularly provided to the CODM by the Company's reportable segments:

(c) Other comprises unallocated corporate expenses.

(d) Includes certain lease impairment and restructuring charges for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. See “Segment Reporting Performance Measure and Reconciliations” below for additional information.

(e) Angi Domestic expenses are provided in total to the CODM rather than at the segment level.

(f) Consumer marketing expense includes (i) advertising expenditures to promote the brand to consumers with (a) online marketing, including fees paid to search engines and other online marketing platforms, partners who direct traffic to the brands within the Angi segment, and app platforms, and (b) offline marketing, which is primarily television, streaming and radio advertising, (ii) compensation expense, excluding stock-based compensation, and other employee-related costs for consumer marketing personnel and (iii) outsourced personnel costs.

(g) Professional acquisition expense includes (i) advertising expenditures to promote the brand to professionals with (a) online marketing, including fees paid to search engines and other online marketing platforms, partners who direct traffic to the brands within the Angi segment, and app platforms, and (b) offline marketing, which is primarily television, streaming and radio advertising and (ii) compensation expense, excluding stock-based compensation, and other employee-related costs for professional acquisition sales and marketing personnel.

(h) Fixed expense includes (i) compensation expense, excluding stock-based compensation, and other employee-related costs for personnel engaged in (a) the design, development, testing, and enhancement of product offerings and related technology and (b) executive management, finance, legal, tax, marketing and human resources functions, (ii) software license and maintenance costs, (iii) rent expense and facilities costs (including impairments of ROU assets), (iv) fees for professional services and (iv) outsourced personnel costs for personnel engaged in product development.

(i) Variable expense includes (i) compensation expense, excluding stock-based compensation, and other employee-related costs for personnel engaged in customer service functions, (ii) provision for credit losses, (iii) outsourced personnel costs for personnel engaged in assisting in customer service functions and (iv) service guarantee expense.

(j) Cost of revenue consists primarily of (i) credit card processing fees, (ii) hosting fees and (iii) payments made to independent third-party professionals who perform work.

(k) Angi International other segment items include cost of revenue, consumer marketing expense, professional marketing expense, provision for credit losses and other operating expenses.

(l) Traffic acquisition costs include (i) payments made to partners who direct traffic to our Ask Media Group websites and who distribute our business-to-business customized browser-based applications and (ii) the amortization of fees paid to Apple and Google related to the distribution of apps and the facilitation of in-app purchases and online marketing includes fees paid to search engines and other online marketing platforms.

(m) Search other segment items include compensation expense, excluding stock-based compensation, and other operating expenses.

Segment Reporting Performance Measure and Reconciliations

Adjusted EBITDA is the Company's primary financial and GAAP segment measure. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as operating income excluding: (1) stock-based compensation expense; (2) depreciation; and (3) acquisition-related items consisting of, if applicable, (i) amortization of intangible assets and impairments of goodwill and intangible assets and (ii) gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of contingent consideration arrangements. Adjusted EBITDA is the segment reporting performance measure used by the CODM as one of the metrics by which we evaluate the performance of our businesses and our internal budgets are based and may impact management compensation. The following table presents a summary of Segment Adjusted EBITDA:

(n) The year ended December 31, 2023 includes impairment charges of $44.7 million related to unoccupied leased office space at Dotdash Meredith Other. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information.

(o) The year ended December 31, 2022 includes $32.2 million, $33.4 million and $7.6 million of restructuring charges and $1.1 million, $1.4 million and $4.7 million of transaction-related expenses in connection with the 2021 acquisition of Meredith at Dotdash Meredith Digital, Print and Other, respectively. See “Note 17—Dotdash Meredith Restructuring Charges, Transaction-Related Expenses and Change-in-Control Payments” for additional information.

The following table reconciles total Segment Adjusted EBITDA to (loss) earnings from continuing operations before income taxes:

Capital Expenditures

The following table presents capital expenditures as viewed by the CODM:

Asset information is not provided to the Company’s CODM as that information is not used in the allocation of resources or in assessing the performance of the Company’s segments.

Geographic Information

Geographic information about revenue and long-lived assets is presented below. Revenue by geography is based on where the customer is located.

NOTE 10—STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

IAC currently hasone active plan (the “Plan”) under which stock-based awards denominated in shares of or stock-based awards settleable in IAC common stock have been and may be granted. The Plan has a stated term often years. The Plan does not specify grant dates or vesting schedules of awards as those determinations have been delegated to the Compensation and Human Resources Committee of IAC's Board of Directors (the “Committee”). Each grant agreement reflects the vesting schedule for that grant as determined by the Committee. There are also outstanding stock-based awards that were granted under older plans that have since expired or been discontinued. The Plan provides for grants of stock options to acquire shares of IAC common stock (the exercise price of stock options granted will not be less than the market price of the Company's common stock on the grant date), RSUs denominated in shares of IAC common stock, including those that may be linked to the achievement of the Company's stock price, known as market-based awards (“MSUs”) and those that may be linked to the achievement of a performance target, known as performance-based awards (“PSUs”), restricted stock, as well as other equity awards, including those denominated or settleable in IAC shares. The Plan authorizes the Company to grant awards to its employees, officers, directors and consultants. At December 31, 2024, there are 29.9 million IAC common shares of stock reserved for future issuance under this plan.

IAC Denominated Stock-based Awards

IAC Restricted Common Stock

On November 5, 2020, the Company entered into aten-year employment agreement and a Restricted Stock Agreement(the “RSA Agreement”) with Joseph Levin, IAC's Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The RSA Agreement provided for a grant of 3.0 million shares of IAC restricted common stock.

On January 13, 2025, the Company and Mr. Levin entered into an Employment Transition Agreement (the “Agreement”) pursuant to which the Employment Agreement, by and between Mr. Levin and the Company, dated November 5, 2020 (“Employment Agreement”), and the Amended and Restated RSA, dated June 7, 2021 were terminated, except as provided in Section 6 of the RSA Agreement. As a result, the 3.0 million shares of IAC restricted stock granted to Mr. Levin pursuant to the RSA Agreement were forfeited by Mr. Levin. Accordingly, the cumulative previously recognized stock-based compensation expense of $60.0 million recognized by the Company with respect to the restricted stock will be reversed in the quarter ending March 31, 2025. Of the $60.0 million of stock-based compensation expense that will be reversed, $10.2 million was recognized by Angi as it was attributable to the period from October 10, 2022 through April 8, 2024 when Mr. Levin served as CEO of Angi.

Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company transferred 5.0 million shares of Angi held by the Company to Mr. Levin and paid $9.3 million to satisfy applicable tax withholding obligations.

The Company will record $14.9 million of stock-based compensation expense with respect to the transfer of shares of Angi to Mr. Levin and $0.1 million of stock-based compensation expense with respect to the extension of the exercise period of certain IAC stock options in the quarter ending March 31, 2025 as provided in the Agreement.

IAC Restricted Stock Units

Broad based RSU awards issued through December 31, 2024 generally cliff-vest after afive-year period or vest over afour-year period from the grant date. There areno MSU or PSU awards outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

RSUs are awards in the form of phantom shares or units denominated in a hypothetical equivalent number of shares of IAC common stock and with the value of each RSU equal to the fair value of IAC common stock at the date of grant. Each RSU grant is subject to service-based vesting, where a specific period of continued employment must pass before an award vests. The expense is measured at the grant date as the fair value of IAC common stock and expensed as stock-based compensation over the vesting term.

Unvested RSUs outstanding at December 31, 2024 and changes during the period ended December 31, 2024 are as follows:

The Company currently settles RSU awards on a net basis, with the award holder entitled to receive IAC shares equal to the number of RSUs vesting less a number of shares with a value equal to the required cash tax withholding payment, which will be paid by the Company. The number of IAC common shares that would be required to net settle RSUs outstanding at February 7, 2025 is 0.9 million shares. In addition, withholding taxes, which will be paid by the Company on behalf of the employees upon vesting, would have been $34.0 million at February 7, 2025, assuming a 50% withholding rate.

The weighted average fair value of RSUs granted for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, based on market prices of IAC's common stock on the grant date, was $51.29, $53.41 and $114.27, respectively.

The total fair value of RSUs that vested for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $26.8 million, $8.3 million and $12.7 million, respectively.

IAC Stock Options

All outstanding stock options are fully vested.

Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2024 and changes during the period ended December 31, 2024 are as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the difference between IAC's closing stock price on the last trading day of 2024 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options that would have been exercised had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2024. The total intrinsic value of IAC stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $5.1 million, $11.3 million and $3.4 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024:

The fair value of stock option awards, with the exception of market-based awards, is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model incorporates various assumptions, including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate and expected term.

The Company has the discretion to settle IAC stock options net of withholding tax and exercise price or require the award holder to pay its share of the withholding tax, which he or she may do so by selling IAC common shares. The aggregate intrinsic value of IAC's stock options outstanding as of February 7, 2025, is $66.7 million. Assuming all stock options outstanding on February 7, 2025 were net settled on that date, the Company would have issued 0.8 million common shares and would have remitted $33.4 million in cash for withholding taxes (assuming a 50% withholding rate). Assuming all stock options outstanding on February 7, 2025 were settled through the issuance of a number of IAC common shares equal to the number of stock options exercised, the Company would have issued 2.4 million common shares and would have received $34.8 million in cash proceeds.

Stock-based Awards Denominated in the Shares of Certain Subsidiaries

Non-publicly traded Subsidiaries

The following description excludes awards denominated in Angi shares.

The Company has granted stock settled stock appreciation rights to employees and management that are denominated in the equity of certain non-publicly traded subsidiaries of the Company. These equity awards vest over a period of years or upon the occurrence of certain prescribed events. The value of the stock settled stock appreciation rights is tied to the value of the common stock of these subsidiaries. Accordingly, these interests only have value to the extent the relevant business appreciates in value above the initial value utilized to determine the exercise price. These interests can have significant value in the event of significant appreciation. The fair value of these interest is generally determined by the Board of Directors of the applicable subsidiary, which will occur at various dates through 2030. These equity awards are settled on a net basis, with the award holder entitled to receive a payment in IAC common shares equal to the intrinsic value of the award at exercise less an amount equal to the required cash tax withholding payment, which will be paid by the Company. The number of IAC common shares ultimately needed to settle these awards may vary significantly from the estimated number below as a result of both movements in our stock price and a determination of fair value of the relevant subsidiary that is different than our estimate. The expense associated with these equity awards is initially measured at fair value at the grant date and is expensed as stock-based compensation over the vesting term. The number of IAC common shares that would be required to settle these interests at current estimated fair values, including vested and unvested interests, at February 7, 2025 is 0.6 million shares. Withholding taxes, which will be paid by the Company on behalf of the employees upon exercise, would have been $25.8 million at February 7, 2025, assuming a 50% withholding rate.

Angi

Angi currently settles all of its equity awards on a net basis. Certain Angi stock appreciation rights issued prior to the transaction resulting in formation of Angi in 2017 (the “Combination”) are settleable in either shares of Angi common stock or shares of IAC common stock at IAC's option. If settled in IAC common stock, Angi reimburses IAC in shares of its common stock. At February 7, 2025 these awards are out of the money and have no intrinsic value. Certain equity awards denominated in shares of an Angi subsidiary may be settled in either shares of Angi common stock or IAC common stock at IAC's option. The aggregate intrinsic value of the subsidiary denominated equity awards at February 7, 2025 is $5.6 million ($4.4 million for awards currently vested and $1.2 million for awards currently unvested); assuming these awards were net settled on that date, the withholding taxes that would be payable by Angi on behalf of the employees are $2.8 million, assuming a 50% withholding rate, and Angi would have issued 1.6 million shares of its common stock. If IAC elects to settle the vested subsidiary denominated equity awards outstanding IAC would have issued 0.1 million shares of its common stock. To the extent shares of IAC common stock are issued in settlement of these awards, Angi is obligated to reimburse IAC for the cost of those shares by issuing shares of Angi common stock. The aggregate intrinsic value of all other Angi equity awards, including stock options and RSUs at February 7, 2025 is $41.3 million; assuming these awards were net settled on that date, the withholding taxes that would be payable by Angi on behalf of the employees are$19.2 million, assuming a 50% withholding rate, and Angi would have issued 12.5 million shares of its common stock.

Forfeitures and Unrecognized Compensation Cost

The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statement of operations is net of estimated forfeitures. The forfeiture rate is estimated at the grant date based on historical experience and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from the estimated rate. The expense ultimately recorded is for the awards that vest. At December 31, 2024, there is $206.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to all equity-based awards, including Angi, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 3.6 years. Included in the aforementioned unrecognized compensation costs at December 31, 2024 is $81.0 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to Mr. Levin's restricted stock award that was forfeited in January 2025 in connection with his Employment Transition Agreement. Excluding Mr. Levin's restricted stock award, there was $125.8 millionof unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to all equity-based awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.1 years. The amount of unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, at December 31, 2024 related to Angi is $36.5 million.

Tax Benefits

The total income tax benefit recognized in the statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 related to all stock-based compensation expense is $13.6 million, $17.2 million and $20.0 million, respectively.

The aggregate income tax benefit recognized related to the exercise of stock options for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, is $2.0 million, $4.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively. There may be some delay in the timing of the realization of the cash benefit of the income tax deductions related to stock-based compensation because it will be dependent upon the amount and timing of future taxable income and the timing of estimated income tax payments.

NOTE 11—PENSION AND POST-RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

Pension and Post-Retirement Plans

In connection with the 2021 acquisition of Meredith, the Company assumed the obligations under Meredith’s various pension plans. The plans include U.S. noncontributory pension plans that cover substantially all employees who were employed by Meredith prior to January 1, 2018. There are two international pension plans in the U.K., including the IPC Plan. The international plans have no active participants. The two U.S. and two U.K. plans consist of a qualified (funded) plan and a nonqualified (unfunded) plan in each country. These plans provide participants with retirement benefits in accordance with benefit provision formulas. The unfunded pension plans provide retirement benefits to certain highly compensated employees. The Company also assumed Meredith's defined healthcare and life insurance plans that provide benefits to eligible employees upon their retirement.

U.S. Pension Plans and Post-Retirement Plan

On December 28, 2024, Dotdash Meredith amended the domestic unfunded pension plan to freeze active participation as of December 31, 2024. All plan participants will continue as participants in this plan with respect to their accrued benefits until their accrued benefits are distributed to them or their beneficiaries. The plan was closed to new participants as of December 31, 2022, and participant's covered compensation was frozen effective December 31, 2024. Participants continue to receive interest accumulation pursuant to the terms of the plan. Because the plan is unfunded, Dotdash Meredith will make benefit payments to the participants once they reach their benefit eligibility date.

Dotdash Meredith froze and terminated the domestic funded pension plan as of December 31, 2022. The last of the required customary regulatory approvals of the termination of this plan was received in February 2024. In connection with the termination of this plan, the liabilities were settled through a combination of (i) lump sum payments to eligible participants who elected to receive them and (ii) the purchase of annuity contracts for participants who either did not elect lump sums or were already receiving benefits. During 2024, the domestic funded pension plan’s remaining assets of $16.0 million were transferred to a suspense account in the trust for the IAC Inc. Retirement Savings Plan (the “IAC Plan”), a qualified retirement plan (“QRP”). In accordance with Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) requirements, assets in the suspense account are to be allocated to active Dotdash Meredith participants in the IAC Plan no less than ratably over a period not to exceed seven years, which may be accelerated. During the third quarter of 2024, Dotdash Meredith made its first asset allocation under the IRS requirements, in the amount of $2.3 million, and expects to allocate the remaining funds in 2025. The assets transferred to the QRP are restricted in nature and considered to be a Level 2 investment in the fair value hierarchy. The remaining assets in the QRP are reflected as a retirement investment fund in “Other current assets” in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2024.

In addition, Dotdash Meredith provides health care benefits for certain employees in the U.S. upon their retirement. This plan is the only plan with active participants that are accruing benefits based upon service and the expected cost of which is accrued over the period that the employees render services; this plan is funded as claims are paid.

U.K. Pension Plans

The IPC plan and the unfunded international plan relate to certain Meredith operations that were sold prior to the Company’s 2021 acquisition of Meredith; Meredith retained the pension obligations related to these operations. On July 28, 2022, following approval by the trustees of the IPC Plan, the IPC Plan entered into an annuity contract with a private limited life insurance company covering all IPC Plan participants who were not covered by an annuity contract entered into in May 2020. The annuity contracts are designed to provide payments equal to all future designated contractual benefit payments. The value of the annuity contracts and the liabilities with respect to participants are expected to match. Dotdash Meredith remains responsible for paying pension benefits to the IPC Plan participants. While Dotdash Meredith currently does not expect to be required to make additional contributions to the IPC Plan, this may change based upon future events or as additional information becomes available.

Obligations and Funded Status

Change in Net Assets/Liabilities

The following tables present changes in, and components of, Dotdash Meredith's net assets/liabilities for pension and other post-retirement benefits:

Benefits paid directly from Dotdash Meredith assets for the unfunded domestic and international plans and the post-retirement plan are included both in employer contributions and benefits paid.

Domestic Plans

The over funded status as of December 31, 2023 was the result of the decision to freeze and terminate the funded plan, which shifted the investment strategy of the plan until the eventual distribution to the plan participants in 2024 discussed above.

International Plans

The international pension plans primarily consist of the IPC Plan. All IPC Plan participants are covered by the annuity contracts referenced above, which are held with a private limited life insurance company. As described above, the full benefits under the plan have been annuitized, which resulted in the limited change in the (under) over funded status of the international plans during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Balance Sheet Classification

The following amounts are recognized in the December 31, 2024 and 2023 balance sheet, respectively:

The accumulated benefit obligation for the domestic defined benefit pension plans was $3.6 million and $56.1 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation for the international defined benefit pension plans was $420.6 million and $488.3 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Accumulated and Projected Benefit Obligations

The following table provides information about pension plans with projected benefit obligations and accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:

Costs

The components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost recognized in the statement of operations were as follows:

The domestic pension plans actuarial gain for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily relates to the final annuity contract pricing and lump sum payments for the funded plan, partially offset by investment performance and plan expenses. The curtailment gain was triggered by the freeze of the unfunded plan discussed above. For the domestic pension and post-retirement plans, the curtailment and settlement gains during the year ended December 31, 2022 were triggered by the freeze and termination events described above, as well as the discontinuation of a life insurance plan.

The international pension plans actuarial loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 is the result of higher interest rates with the decline in the value of plan assets exceeding the benefit of the reduction in the plan obligation.

The components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost, other than the service cost component, are included in “Other income (expense), net” in the statement of operations.

Assumptions

Benefit obligations were determined using the following weighted average assumptions:

Net periodic benefit (credit) cost were determined using the following weighted average assumptions:

The assumed healthcare trend rates used to measure the expected cost of benefits for the post-retirement plan were as follows:

Since Dotdash Meredith utilizes the mark-to-market approach to account for pension and post-retirement benefits, the expected long-term rate of return on assets has no effect on the overall amount of net periodic benefit (credit) cost recorded for the year. The expectation for the U.K. annuity contracts represents the implied yields for those contracts.

The market-related value of plan assets is multiplied by the expected long-term rate of return on assets to compute the expected return on plan assets, a component of net periodic benefit (credit) cost. The market-related value of plan assets is fair value.

Plan Assets

Due to the decision to freeze and terminate the domestic funded pension plan in 2022, the plan fiduciaries shifted the investment strategy to seek to preserve capital to protect the strong funded status, manage liquidity to align with potential benefit commencements and optimize yield to take advantage of the rising interest rate environment. The plan initially adopted a fixed income ladder investment strategy through which most of the plan assets were invested in U.S. Treasury securities of various maturities and a money market fund that invests mostly in U.S. Treasury securities. During 2023, principally all of the plan assets were reinvested in the money market fund as the U.S. Treasury securities matured in an effort to increase liquidity. These cash and cash equivalents that represent the investment balance in the U.S. represented Level 1 fair value measurements during 2023 and up until they were fully paid out during 2024. Refer to “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for a discussion of the three levels in the hierarchy of fair values.

The investments of the IPC Plan as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 primarily include insurance annuity contracts and cash and cash equivalents. Refer to further discussion of the insurance annuity contracts above.

Fair value measurements for the international pension plan assets were as follows:

The annuity contracts held by the IPC Plan are valued using significant unobservable inputs.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 investments for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Cash Flows

While Dotdash Meredith currently does not expect to be required to make any additional contributions to the IPC Plan, Dotdash Meredith has deposited amounts into an escrow account for the benefit of the IPC Plan that total £5.7 million at December 31, 2024.

The following benefit payments, which will primarily be made from funded plans internationally, are expected to be paid:

Defined Contribution Plans

IAC Inc. Retirement Savings Plan

IAC employees in the U.S. can elect to participate in a retirement savings program, the IAC Plan, that qualifies under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the IAC Plan, participating employees may contribute up to 50% of their eligible compensation, but not more than statutory limits. The Company matches 100% of the first 10% of an employee's pre-tax or Roth contribution, subject to IRS limits on the Company's matching contribution maximum, that a participant contributes to the IAC Plan, with certain exceptions at Dotdash Meredith and Angi. Dotdash Meredith matches 100% of the first 5% of pre-tax or Roth contributions for employees who were previously under the Meredith Savings and Investment Plan (the “Meredith Plan”), described below, and any U.S. Dotdash Meredith employees hired after January 1, 2023. Angi matches fifty cents for each dollar a participant contributes in the IAC Plan, with a maximum contribution of 3% of a participant's eligible compensation. The IAC Plan generally limits Company matching contributions to a maximum of $10,000 per participant on an annual basis. Matching contributions to the IAC Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $36.6 million, $36.1 million and $25.6 million, respectively. Matching contributions are invested in the same manner as each participant's voluntary contributions in the investment options provided under the IAC Plan. An investment option in the IAC Plan is IAC common stock, but neither participant nor matching contributions are required to be invested in IAC common stock. The increase in matching contributions in 2023 is the result of the Meredith Plan merger with additional employees covered by the IAC Plan. The IAC Plan also provides for a discretionary matching contribution and/or a discretionary profit-sharing contribution, each of which is made on an annual basis and is subject to a last day of the plan year allocation requirement (with exceptions for retirement, death, or disability). There wasno such discretionary matching contribution or discretionary profit-sharing contribution for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

IAC also has or participates in various benefit plans, principally defined contribution plans, for its international employees. IAC's contributions to these plans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $1.5 million, $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

Meredith Savings and Investment Plan

In connection with the 2021 acquisition of Meredith, the Company assumed the Meredith Plan, its U.S. defined contribution savings plan, which allowed eligible employees to contribute a percentage of their salary, commissions and bonuses in accordance with plan limitations and provisions of Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Dotdash Meredith made matching contributions to the Meredith plan subject to the plan limits. Effective January 1, 2023, Dotdash Meredith, as permitted by the relevant IAC Plan documents, merged the Meredith Plan into the IAC Plan.

Under the Meredith Plan, prior to the merge of plans effective January 1, 2023, Dotdash Meredith matched 100% of the first 4% and 50% of the next 1% of employee contributions for employees eligible for Dotdash Meredith’s pension benefits and 100% of the first 5% for employees ineligible for the Company’s pension benefits. Matching contributions to the Meredith Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $10.4 million.

NOTE 12—INCOME TAXES

U.S. and foreign (loss) earnings before income taxes and noncontrolling interests are as follows:

The components of the income tax provision (benefit) are as follows:

A reconciliation of the income tax provision (benefit) to the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to earnings before income taxes is shown as follows:

The tax effects of cumulative temporary differences that give rise to significant deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below. The valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will not be realized.

At December 31, 2024, the Company had both U.S. federal and state net operating losses (“NOLs”) of $1.1 billion, available to offset future income. Federal NOLs of $1.1 billion can be carried forward indefinitely. State NOLs of $0.1 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $1.0 billion, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2025 and 2044. Federal and state NOLs of $1.0 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively, can be used against future taxable income without restriction and the remaining NOLs are subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, separate return limitations, and applicable law. At December 31, 2024, the Company had foreign NOLs of $397.1 million available to offset future income. Of these foreign NOLs, $386.0 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $11.1 million, if not utilized, will expire at various times between 2025 and 2044. During 2024, the Company recognized tax benefits related to NOLs of $36.4 million.

At December 31, 2024, the Company had tax credit carryforwards of $97.9 million. Of this amount, $90.1 million relates to credits for research activities, $5.9 million relates to credits for foreign taxes, and $1.9 million relates to various other credits. Of these credit carryforwards, $14.4 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $83.5 million, if not utilized, will expire between 2025 and 2044.

During 2024, the Company's valuation allowance decreased by $37.6 million primarily due to the valuation allowance release for foreign net operating losses (as discussed below), and the realization of previously unbenefited capital losses, partially offset by state NOLs. At December 31, 2024, the Company had a valuation allowance of $94.4 million related to the portion of tax loss carryforwards, tax credits and other items for which it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will not be realized.

Following the purchase of the remaining noncontrolling interests of a foreign subsidiary, we reorganized the related business operations, which resulted in the release of a valuation allowance for foreign net operating losses in the amount of $31.1 million as a discrete item in the third quarter, because we are now forecasting the utilization of these net operating losses within the foreseeable future.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, including penalties but excluding interest, is as follows:

The Company is routinely under audit by federal, state, local and foreign authorities in the area of income tax. These audits include questioning the timing and the amount of income and deductions and the allocation of income and deductions among various tax jurisdictions. The Company is not currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Services (“IRS”). Returns filed in various other jurisdictions are open to examination for tax years beginning with 2015. Income taxes payable include unrecognized tax benefits considered sufficient to pay assessments that may result from the examination of prior year tax returns. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes and, therefore, may require periodic adjustment. Although management currently believes changes in unrecognized tax benefits from period to period and differences between amounts paid, if any, upon resolution of issues raised in audits and amounts previously provided will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.

The Company recognizes interest and, if applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, accruals for interest and penalties are not material.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, were $23.8 million and $19.6 million, respectively. Unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, at December 31, 2024 increased by $4.2 million due primarily to research credits. If unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2024 are subsequently recognized, $22.6 million, net of related deferred tax assets and interest, would reduce income tax expense. The comparable amount at December 31, 2023 was $18.6 million. The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by $0.5 million by December 31, 2025 due to expected settlements and statute expirations, all of which would reduce the income tax provision.

NOTE 13—(LOSS) EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company treats its common stock and Class B common stock as one class of stock for EPS purposes as both classes of stock participate in earnings, dividends and other distributions on the same basis. The restricted stock award granted to our CEO on November 5, 2020 is a participating security. On January 13, 2025, the restricted stock award was forfeited by Mr. Levin pursuant to the Agreement between Mr. Levin and the Company. For all periods presented in these financial statements, the Company calculated basic EPS using the two-class method since those restricted shares were unvested and had a non-forfeitable dividend right in the event the Company declared a cash dividend on its common shares and would have participated in all other distributions of the Company in the same manner as all other IAC common shares. Diluted EPS is calculated on the most dilutive basis, which excludes stock-based awards that would be anti-dilutive, including the restricted stock award granted to our CEO.

Undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security is subtracted from earnings in determining earnings attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock for basic EPS. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding during the period.

For the calculation of diluted EPS, net earnings (loss) attributable to holders of IAC common stock and Class B common stock is adjusted for the impact from our public subsidiary's dilutive securities, if applicable, and the reallocation of undistributed earnings allocated to the participating security by the weighted-average number of common stock and Class B common stock outstanding plus dilutive securities during the period.

The numerator and denominator of basic and diluted EPS computations for the Company’s common stock and Class B common stock are calculated as follows:

(a) On November 5, 2020, IAC's CEO was granted a stock-based award in the form of 3.0 million shares of restricted common stock. On January 13, 2025, the restricted stock award was forfeited by Mr. Levin pursuant to the Agreement between Mr. Levin and the Company. See “Note 10—Stock-Based Compensation” for additional information. For all periods presented in these financial statements, the Company calculated EPS using the two-class method since those restricted shares were unvested and had a non-forfeitable dividend right in the event the Company declared a cash dividend on its common shares and would have participated in all other distributions of the Company in the same manner as all other IAC common shares. While the restricted shares are presented as outstanding shares in the balance sheet, these shares are excluded from the weighted average shares outstanding in calculating basic EPS and the allocable portion of net earnings are also excluded. Fully diluted EPS reflects the impact on earnings and fully diluted shares in the manner that is most dilutive.

(b) IAC has the option to settle certain Angi stock-based awards in its shares. The impact on net earnings relates to the settlement of Angi's dilutive securities in IAC common shares. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 these Angi equity awards were anti-dilutive.

(c) For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2022, the Company had losses from continuing operations and, as a result, approximately 8.5 million and 7.9 million potentially dilutive securities, respectively, were excluded from computing diluted EPS for each of these periods because the impact would have been anti-dilutive. Accordingly, the weighted average basic shares outstanding were used to compute the EPS amounts for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2022.

(d) If the effect is dilutive, weighted average common shares outstanding include the incremental shares that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of stock options and subsidiary denominated equity and vesting of restricted common stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and market-based awards (“MSUs”). For the year ended December 31, 2023,3.6 million of potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

NOTE 14—FINANCIAL STATEMENT DETAILS

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the balance sheet to the total amounts shown in the statement of cash flows:

Restricted cash included in “Other current assets” in the balance sheet at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 primarily consist of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. and cash held related to insurance programs at Care.com.

Restricted cash included in “Other current assets” in the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 primarily consists of cash held related to insurance programs at Care.com. Restricted cash included in “Other non-current assets” in the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. as well as a check endorsement guarantee at Roofing within Emerging & Other and deposits related to leases.

Restricted cash included in “Other current assets” in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021 primarily consists of cash held in escrow related to the funded pension plan in the U.K. Restricted cash included in “Other non-current assets” in the balance sheet at December 31, 2021 consists of deposits related to leases and a check endorsement guarantee at Roofing within Emerging & Other.

Credit Losses

The following table presents the changes in the allowance for credit losses:

Other current assets

Buildings, land, capitalized software, equipment and leasehold improvements, net

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Other income (expense), net

(a) Includes downward and upward adjustments to the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded net downward adjustments of $32.3 million, $20.2 million and $89.1 million, respectively.

(b) Includes a pre-tax gain of $29.2 million on the sale of assets of Mosaic Group, which was included within Emerging & Other, and was accounted for as a sale of a business, in the year ended December 31, 2024.

(c) Includes a gain of approximately $132.2 million on the sale of Bluecrew in the year ended December 31, 2022. On November 9, 2022, the Company completed the sale of Bluecrew, which was included within Emerging & Other, to EmployBridge, a provider of light industrial staffing solutions, for cash and stock with the Company becoming a minority shareholder in the combined company.

(d) Includes pre-tax actuarial gains (losses) of $6.0 million, $1.7 million and $(213.4) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the pension plans in the U.S. and U.K. See “Note 11—Pension and Post-Retirement Benefit Plans” for additional information.

(e) Relates to third-party fees in connection with the Amended Dotdash Meredith Credit Agreement entered into on November 26, 2024. See “Note 6—Long-term debt” for additional information.

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:

(f) Includes receipts of $5.0 million and $3.2 million related to the interest rate swaps for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 6—Long-term Debt” for additional information.

NOTE 15—CONTINGENCIES

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to various lawsuits and other contingent matters. The Company establishes accruals for specific legal and other matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. Management has also identified certain legal and other matters where it believes an unfavorable outcome is not probable and, therefore, no accrual is established. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against the Company, including claims where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and for which the Company cannot estimate a loss or range of loss, will not have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations or financial condition of the Company, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management's view of these matters may change in the future. The Company also evaluates other contingent matters, including unrecognized tax benefits and non-income tax contingencies, to assess the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and estimated extent of potential loss. It is possible that an unfavorable outcome of one or more of these lawsuits or other contingencies could have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of the Company. See “Note 12—Income Taxes” for information related to unrecognized tax benefits.

NOTE 16—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

IAC and Angi

Allocation of CEO Compensation and Certain Expenses

Joseph Levin, CEO of IAC and Chairman of Angi, was CEO of Angi from October 10, 2022 through April 8, 2024. As a result, IAC allocated $2.4 million, $9.4 million and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the period from October 10, 2022 to December 31, 2022, respectively, in costs to Angi (including salary, benefits, stock-based compensation and costs related to the CEO’s office). These costs were allocated from IAC based upon time spent on Angi by Mr. Levin. Management considers the allocation method to be reasonable. The allocated costs also include costs directly attributable to Angi that were initially paid for by IAC and billed by IAC to Angi.

On April 8, 2024, Jeffrey W. Kip, President of Angi, was appointed to succeed Joseph Levin as CEO of Angi. Mr. Levin remains Chairman of the Angi board of directors. Further on January 13, 2025 and in connection with the Distribution, Mr. Levin will step down from his role as CEO of IAC and become an advisor to the Company on the earlier of the completion of the spin-off of Angi or May 31, 2025. Concurrent with IAC's announcement, Angi announced its appointment of Mr. Levin as Executive Chairman of Angi, effective upon his departure from IAC. See “Note 10—Stock-Based Compensation” and “Note 18—Subsequent Event” for a discussion of the impact the Agreement has on the Company.

The Combination and Related Agreements

The Company and Angi, in connection with the Combination, entered into a contribution agreement, an investor rights agreement, a services agreement, a tax sharing agreement and an employee matters agreement, which collectively govern the relationship between IAC and Angi.

Following the Distribution, Angi will continue to be an independent, publicly traded company and IAC will no longer own any shares of Angi capital stock. The agreements between IAC and Angi that were put in place in connection with the Combination will survive the Distribution in accordance with their terms, with certain exceptions.

The services agreement currently governs services that IAC has agreed to provide to Angi through September 29, 2025, with automatic renewal for successiveone year terms, subject to IAC’s continued ownership of a majority of the total combined voting power of Angi’s voting stock and any subsequent extension(s) or truncation(s) agreed to by Angi and IAC. The scope, nature and extent of services may be changed from time to time as Angi and IAC may agree. In connection with the Distribution, Angi and IAC anticipate that they will update the schedule of services provided under the services agreement to reflect the provision of certain services requested by Angi for an agreed period of time following the Distribution, on terms consistent with the services agreement, including Angi’s continued participation in IAC’s U.S. health and welfare plans, 401(k) plan and flexible benefits plan until January 1, 2026.

Pursuant to the employee matters agreement, in the event of a distribution of Angi capital stock to IAC stockholders in a transaction intended to qualify as tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the IAC Board of Directors has the exclusive authority to determine the treatment of outstanding IAC equity awards. Such authority includes (but is not limited to) the ability to convert all or part of IAC equity awards outstanding immediately prior to any such distribution into equity awards denominated in shares of Angi Class A common stock, which Angi would be obligated to assume and which would be dilutive to Angi stockholders. Following the Distribution, solely for purposes of determining the expiration of options with respect to shares of common stock of one company held by employees of the other company, IAC and Angi employees will be deemed employed by both companies for so long as they continue to be employed by whichever of the companies employs them immediately following the Distribution. IAC expects to terminate the employee matters agreement upon the completion of the Distribution, with Angi’s continued participation in IAC’s U.S. health and welfare plans, 401(k) plan and flexible benefits plan to be covered under the services agreement as described above.

In connection with the Distribution, IAC and Angi anticipate that they will terminate the sub-lease arrangements and investor rights agreement.

IAC and Vimeo

In connection with the spin-off of Vimeo from IAC, the parties entered in several agreements to govern their relationship following the completion of the transaction, certain of which remain in effect and are as follows: a separation agreement; a tax matters agreement and an employee matters agreement. Following the completion of the transaction, Vimeo and IAC entered into certain commercial agreements, including lease agreements. The Company and Vimeo are related parties because Mr. Diller is the beneficial owner of more thanten percent of the voting interests in both IAC and Vimeo.

The Company charged Vimeo rent pursuant to lease agreements of $3.5 million for both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had non-current rent receivable amounts of $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, due from Vimeo pursuant to the lease agreements. These amounts are included in “Other non-current assets” in the balance sheet.

IAC and Expedia Group

At December 31, 2024, the Company and Expedia Group each have a 50% ownership interest intwo aircraft that may be used by both companies. In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company and Expedia Group sold a corporate aircraft that was jointly owned for total proceeds of $19.0 million (sales price net of related costs), with each company receiving 50% of the proceeds. Members of the aircraft flight crews are employed by an entity in which the Company and Expedia Group each have a 50% ownership interest. The Company and Expedia Group have agreed to share costs relating to flight crew compensation and benefits pro-rata according to each company’s respective usage of the aircraft, for which they are separately billed by the entity described above. The Company and Expedia are related parties because Mr. Diller serves as Chairman and Senior Executive of both IAC and Expedia Group. For each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, the payments made to this entity by the Company were not material.

Expedia Group may also use certain aircraft owned 100% by a subsidiary of the Company on a cost basis. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the payments made by Expedia Group to the Company pursuant to this arrangement were not material.

During the second quarter of 2024, the Company and Expedia Group entered into afive-year lease agreement, commencing October 2024, for Expedia Group to occupy office space in the Company's New York City headquarters building. The total payments pursuant to this lease agreement are not material.

NOTE 17—DOTDASH MEREDITH RESTRUCTURING CHARGES, TRANSACTION-RELATED EXPENSES AND CHANGE-IN-CONTROL PAYMENTS

Restructuring Charges

During 2022, Dotdash Meredith management committed to several actions to improve efficiencies and better align its cost structure following the acquisition of Meredith on December 1, 2021, which included: (i) the discontinuation of certain print publications and the shutdown of PeopleTV, for which the related expense was primarily reflected in the first quarter of 2022, (ii) a voluntary retirement program, for which the related expense was primarily reflected in the first half of 2022, (iii) the consolidation of certain leased office space, for which the related expense was reflected in the third quarter of 2022 and (iv) a reduction in force plan, which was announced in the first quarter of 2022. These actions resulted in $80.2 million of restructuring charges incurred for the year ended December 31, 2022. During 2024 and 2023, Dotdash Meredith recorded adjustments related to certain of these restructurings and no liability remains as of December 31, 2024.

A summary of the charges incurred, reversals of initial costs, payments and related accruals is presented below. As of December 31, 2024, there are no expected remaining costs associated with the 2022 restructuring events.

(a) Other comprises unallocated corporate expenses, which are corporate overhead expenses not attributable to the Digital or Print segments.

The costs are allocated as follows in the statement of operations:

(b) Includes impairment charge of $14.3 million of an ROU asset for the year ended December 31, 2022. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information on the impairment charges.

(c) Includes impairment charge of $7.0 million of leasehold improvements and furniture and equipment for the year ended December 31, 2022. See “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for additional information on the impairment charges.

Transaction-Related Expenses

For the year ended December 31, 2022, Dotdash Meredith incu rred $7.1 millionof transaction-related expenses related to the 2021 acquisition of Meredith, other than costs related to change-in-control payments.

Change-in-Control Payments

During 2022, Dotdash Meredith made the final$87.4 millionin change-in-control payments, which were triggered by the acquisition and the terms of certain former executives’ contracts. These payments included amounts accrued in December 2021, as well as amounts previously accrued that became payable following the change-in-control.

NOTE 18—SUBSEQUENT EVENT

As described in the IAC Restricted Common Stock section of Note 10—Stock-Based Compensation, on January 13, 2025, the Company and Mr. Levin entered the Agreement pursuant to which the Employment Agreement and the Amended and Restated RSA Agreement were terminated, except as provided in Section 6 of the RSA Agreement. See "Note 10—Stock-Based Compensation" for a discussion of the impact the Agreement has on stock-based compensation expense.

Pursuant to the Agreement, Mr. Levin will continue to serve as IAC’s CEO until the earlier of the completion of the spin-off of Angi or May 31, 2025. Mr. Levin received additional separation benefits pursuant to the Agreement totaling $18.0 million payable oversix years for advisory services. The Company will record an estimated $14.5 million of expense, which reflects a discount of $3.5 million given the amount is payable oversix years. The cash payable to Mr. Levin, will be expensed over the period from January 13, 2025 to the date of the completion of the Distribution or May 31, 2025, whichever is earlier.