Instil Bio, Inc.

Previous wording

•We will need substantial additional funding to meet our financial obligations and to pursue our business objectives, including the clinical development of AXN-2510/IMM2510. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay further development of our product candidates, including AXN-2510/IMM2510, or curtail our planned operations and the pursuit of our growth strategy.

Current wording

•We will need substantial additional funding to meet our financial obligations and to pursue our business objectives, including clinical development of AXN-2510/IMM2510. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay further development of our product candidates, including AXN-2510/IMM2510, or curtail our planned operations and the pursuit of our growth strategy.

Previous wording

•We plan to work with our collaborator, ImmuneOnco, to conduct clinical trials for AXN-2510/IMM2510 outside the United States, including China, and the FDA and similar foreign regulatory authorities may not accept data from such trials conducted in locations outside of their jurisdiction.

Current wording

•Our collaborator, ImmuneOnco, is conducting clinical trials for AXN-2510/IMM2510 in China, and the FDA and similar foreign regulatory authorities outside of China may not accept data from such trials to support registration studies and regulatory approval.

Previous wording

Since our inception, we have incurred significant net losses, and we expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. Our net losses were $28.2 million and $24.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $683.3 million. We have financed our operations with $719.0 million in net proceeds raised in our initial public offering and private placements of convertible preferred stock to date. We have no products approved for commercialization and have never generated any revenue from product sales.

Current wording

Since our inception, we have incurred significant net losses, and we expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. Our net losses were $49.6 million and $39.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficitof $704.7 million. We have financed our operations with $719.0 million in net proceeds raised in our initial public offering, private placements of convertible preferred stock, and offerings under our ATM Program to date. We have no products approved forcommercialization and have never generated any revenue from product sales.

Previous wording

•pursue clinical development of AXN-2510/IMM2510 and undertake other development efforts pursuant to the license and collaboration agreement with ImmuneOnco, or IO Collaboration Agreement;

Current wording

•pursue clinical development of AXN-2510/IMM2510 and undertake other development efforts pursuant to the license and collaboration agreement with ImmuneOnco, or the IO Collaboration Agreement;

Previous wording

We will need substantial additional funding to meet our financial obligations and to pursue our business objectives, including the clinical development of AXN-2510/IMM2510. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay further development of our product candidates, including AXN-2510/IMM2510, or curtail our planned operations and the pursuit of our growth strategy.

Current wording

We will need substantial additional funding to meet our financial obligations and to pursue our business objectives, including clinical development of AXN-2510/IMM2510. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay further development of our product candidates, including AXN-2510/IMM2510, or curtail our planned operations and the pursuit of our growth strategy.

Previous wording

Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. Developing our in-licensed product candidates, including AXN-2510/IMM2510, identifying and potentially acquiring or in-licensing additional new product candidates, conducting preclinical testing and clinical trials and developing manufacturing operations for our product candidates is a time-consuming, expensive and uncertain process that takes years to complete, and we may never generate the necessary data or results required to obtain regulatory approval and achieve product sales. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses over the next several years as we conduct clinical trials of our product candidates, seek to potentially license-in or otherwise acquire additional new product candidates, initiate future clinical trials of our product candidates, advance our preclinical programs, build our manufacturing capabilities, and seek marketing approval for any product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials. In addition, our product candidates, if approved, may not achieve commercial success. Our revenue, if any, will be derived from sales of products that we do not expect to be commercially available for a number of years, if at all. If we obtain marketing approval for any product candidates that we develop or otherwise acquire, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, distribution and manufacturing. We also expect to continue to incur significant expenses associated with operating as a public company. Accordingly, we will need to obtain substantial additional funding in order to continue our operations.

Current wording

Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. Developing our in-licensed product candidates, including AXN-2510/IMM2510, conducting preclinical testing and clinical trials and developing manufacturing operations for our product candidates is a time-consuming, identifying and potentially acquiring or in-licensing additional new product candidates, expensive and uncertain process that takes years to complete, and we may never generate the necessary data or results required to obtain regulatory approval and achieve product sales. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses over the next several years as we conduct clinical trials of our product candidates, seek to potentially license-in or otherwise acquire additional new product candidates, initiate future clinical trials of our product candidates, advance our preclinical programs, build our manufacturing capabilities, and seek marketing approval for any product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials. In addition, our product candidates, if approved, may not achieve commercial success. Our revenue, if any, will be derived from sales of products that we do not expect to be commercially available for a number of years, if at all. If we obtain marketing approval for any product candidates that we develop or otherwise acquire, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, distribution and manufacturing. We also expect to continue to incur significant expenses associated with operating as a public company. Accordingly, we will need to obtain substantial additional funding in order to continue our operations.

Previous wording

As of March 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities and long-term investments of $111.8 million, which consists of $15.4 million in cash and cash equivalents, approximately $1.0 million in restricted cash, $88.3 million in marketable securities and $7.2 million in long-term investments. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities and long-term investments will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital requirements beyond 2026. This estimate is based on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Changes may occur beyond our control that would cause us to consume our available capital before that time, including changes in and progress of our development activities, acquisitions of additional product candidates, and changes in regulation. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

Current wording

As of June 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities and long-term investments of $103.6 million, which consists of $7.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, approximately $0.2 million in restricted cash, $84.1 million in marketable securities and $11.7 million in long-term investments. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and long-term investments will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital requirements beyond 2026. This estimate is based on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Changes may occur beyond our control that would cause us to consume our available capital before that time, including changes in and progress of our development activities, acquisitions of additional product candidates, and changes in regulation. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

Previous wording

We will need to raise additional capital to support our operations and execute on our business strategy. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial revenue, we may finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, government or private party grants, debt financings or license and collaboration agreements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. For example, the agreements governing our construction loans contain certain affirmative and negative covenants, including maintaining a specified minimum net worth and amount of liquid assets, which could limit our operations.

Current wording

We will need to raise additional capital to support our operations and execute on our business strategy. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial revenue, we may finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, government or private party grants, debt financings or license and collaboration agreements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, your ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. For example, the agreements governing our term loan contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including restrictions on incurring additional debt, maintaining a specified minimum net worth and amount of liquid assets, which could limit our operations.

Previous wording

To date, we have recorded significant impairment losses on long-lived assets. Most recently, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recorded impairment losses on long-lived assets held for sale of $16.7 million related to our Tarzana facility.

Current wording

To date, we have recorded significant impairment losses on long-lived assets. Most recently, during the six months ended June 30, 2025, we recorded impairment losses on long-lived assets held for sale of $16.6 million related to our Tarzana facility.

Previous wording

We have listed our Tarzana, California facility for sale, which effective July 10, 2024 has been leased to AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, which has a right of first offer to purchase the facility; however, we can provide no assurances that we will successfully sell our Tarzana facility, that we will do so in accordance with our expected timeline or that we will recover its carrying value. The process of pursuing the plan to sell our Tarzana facility may be time-consuming and disruptive to our business operations, and if we are unable to effectively manage the process, our businesses, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. Any potential transactions, and the related valuation, would be dependent upon various external factors beyond our control, including, among others, market conditions, industry trends, interest of third parties, and the availability of financing to potential buyer(s) on reasonable terms.

Current wording

We have listed our Tarzana, California facility for sale, which, effective July 10, 2024, has been leased to AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, which has a right of first offer to purchase the facility; however, we can provide no assurances that we will successfully sell our Tarzana facility, that we will do so in accordance with our expected timeline or that we will recover its carrying value, and we may suffer additional impairment losses related to our Tarzana facility. The process of pursuing the plan to sell our Tarzana facility may be time consuming and disruptive to our business operations, and if we are unable to effectively manage the process, our businesses, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. Any potential transactions, and the related valuation, would be dependent upon various external factors beyond our control, including, among others, market conditions, industry trends, interest of third parties, and the availability of financing to potential buyer(s) on reasonable terms.

Previous wording

We currently have no products approved for commercial sale, and all of our product candidates are currently in early-stage development, including our lead product candidate AXN-2510/IMM2510. As an organization, we have no prior experience completing any clinical trials; we have limited experience in preparing, submitting and prosecuting regulatory filings and have not previously submitted a biologics license application, or BLA, for any product candidate. Each of our programs and product candidates will require additional preclinical and/or clinical development, regulatory approval, obtaining manufacturing supply, capacity and expertise, building a commercial organization or successfully outsourcing commercialization, substantial investment and significant marketing efforts before we generate any revenue from product sales. We do not have any products that are approved for commercial sale, and we may never be able to develop or commercialize marketable products.

Current wording

We currently have no products approved for commercial sale, and all of our product candidates are currently in early-stage development, including our lead product candidate AXN-2510/IMM2510. As an organization, we have no prior experience completing any clinical trials; we have limited experience in preparing, submitting and prosecuting regulatory filings and have not previously submitted a biologics license application, or BLA, for any product candidate. AXN-2510/IMM2510 is the only product candidate we are actively developing and will require additional preclinical and/or clinical development, regulatory approval, obtaining manufacturing supply, capacity and expertise, building a commercial organization or successfully outsourcing commercialization, substantial investment and significant marketing efforts before we generate any revenue from product sales. We do not have any products that are approved for commercial sale, and we may never be able to develop or commercialize marketable products.

Previous wording

Pursuant to the IO Collaboration Agreement, we expect to fund clinical trial(s) of AXN-2510/IMM2510 led by ImmuneOnco in China. In addition, ImmuneOnco is pursuing additional clinical trials of AXN-2510/IMM2510 in China. While these trials may provide us with clinical data that can inform our future development strategy, we do not have control over the protocols, administration, or conduct of the trials or their compliance with regulatory requirements. There is also no assurance that the clinical data from any such clinical trials will be accepted or considered by the FDA or other comparable regulatory authorities. Additional risks include procedural delays, timing issues and difficulties or differences in interpreting data. As a result, our minimal control over the conduct and timing of, and communications with the FDA, the National Medical Products Administration, or NMPA, with respect to the trials that ImmuneOnco is conducting expose us to additional risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, and the occurrence of which could adversely affect the prospects for our product candidates. Furthermore, any data integrity issues or patient safety issues arising out of any of these trials would be beyond our control, yet could adversely affect our reputation and damage the clinical and commercial prospects for our product candidates.

Current wording

We are providing funding for clinical trials of AXN-2510/IMM2510 led by ImmuneOnco in China. In addition, ImmuneOnco is pursuing additional clinical trials of AXN -2510/IMM2510 in China. While these trials may provide us with clinical data that can inform our future development strategy, we do not have control over the protocols, administration, or conduct of the trials or their compliance with regulatory requirements. There is also no assurance that the clinical data from any such clinical trials will be accepted or considered by the FDA or other comparable regulatory authorities. Additional risks include procedural delays, timing issues and difficulties or differences in interpreting data. As a result, our minimal control over the conduct and timing of, and communications with the FDA, the National Medical Products Administration, or NMPA, with respect to the trials that ImmuneOnco is conducting expose us to additional risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside our control, and the occurrence of which could adversely affect the prospects for our product candidates. Furthermore, any data integrity issues or patient safety issues arising out of any of these trials would be beyond our control, yet could adversely affect our reputation and damage the clinical and commercial prospects for our product candidates.

Previous wording

Clinical trials are expensive and can take many years to complete, and their outcomes are inherently uncertain. We cannot guarantee that our clinical trials, including our potential collaborator-led clinical trials, will be conducted as planned or completed on schedule, if at all. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. Even if our clinical trials are completed as planned, we cannot be certain that their results will support the safety and effectiveness of our product candidates for their targeted indications or support continued clinical development of such product candidates. Our clinical trials may not be successful.

Current wording

Clinical trials are expensive and can take many years to complete, and their outcomes are inherently uncertain. We cannot guarantee that our clinical trials, or collaborator-led clinical trials will be conducted as planned or completed on schedule, if at all. Failure can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. Even if our clinical trials are completed as planned, we cannot be certain that their results will support the safety and effectiveness of our product candidates for their targeted indications or support continued clinical development of such product candidates. Our clinical trials may not be successful.

Previous wording

The time required to obtain approval or other marketing authorizations by the FDA, MHRA, EMA and comparable foreign authorities is unpredictable, and it typically takes many years following the commencement of clinical trials and depends upon numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities. In addition, approval policies, regulations, and the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate’s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. We have not obtained regulatory approval for any product candidate, and it is possible that we may never obtain regulatory approval for any product candidates we may seek to develop in the future. Neither we nor any current or future collaborator is permitted to market any drug product candidates in the United States until we receive regulatory approval of a BLA from the FDA, and we cannot market them in the European Union until we receive approval for a MAA from the EMA, or in other foreign countries until we receive the required regulatory approval in such other countries. To date, we have had no discussions with the FDA regarding our clinical development of AXN-2510/IMM2510 or regulatory approval for AXN-2510/IMM2510. In addition, we have had no discussions with other comparable foreign authorities regarding clinical development programs or regulatory approval for any product candidate.

Current wording

The time required to obtain approval or other marketing authorizations by the FDA, MHRA, EMA and comparable foreign authorities is unpredictable, and it typically takes many years following the commencement of clinical trials and depends upon numerous factors, including the substantial discretion of the regulatory authorities. In addition, approval policies, regulations, and the type and amount of clinical data necessary to gain approval may change during the course of a product candidate’s clinical development and may vary among jurisdictions. We have not obtained regulatory approval for any product candidate, and it is possible that we may never obtain regulatory approval for any product candidates we may seek to develop in the future. Neither we nor any current or future collaborator is permitted to market any drug product candidates in the United States until we receive regulatory approval of a BLA from the FDA, and we cannot market them in the European Union until we receive approval for a MAA from the EMA, or in other foreign countries until we receive the required regulatory approval in such other countries. To date, we have had limited discussions with the FDA regarding our clinical development of AXN-2510/IMM2510 or regulatory approval for AXN-2510/IMM2510. In addition, we have had no discussions with other comparable foreign authorities regarding clinical development programs or regulatory approval for any product candidate.

Previous wording

Success in preclinical testing and early stage clinical trials by ImmuneOnco in China does not ensure that later clinical trials will generate the same results or otherwise provide adequate data to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a product candidate. Preclinical tests and Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials are primarily designed to test safety, to study pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and to understand the side effects of product candidates at various doses and schedules. Success in preclinical or animal studies and early clinical trials does not ensure that later large-scale efficacy trials will be successful nor does it predict final results. For example, we may be unable to identify suitable animal disease models for our product candidates, which could delay or frustrate our ability to proceed into clinical trials or obtain marketing approval. Our product candidates may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy in clinical development despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials.

Current wording

Success in preclinical testing and early stage clinical trials, including testing and trials conducted by us or by ImmuneOnco in China, does not ensure that later clinical trials will generate the same results or otherwise provide adequate data to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a product candidate. Preclinical tests and Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials are primarily designed to test safety, to study pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and to understand the side effects of product candidates at various doses and schedules. Success in preclinical or animal studies and early clinical trials does not ensure that later large-scale efficacy trials will be successful nor does it predict final results. For example, we may be unable to identify suitable animal disease models for our product candidates, which could delay or frustrate our ability to proceed into clinical trials or obtain marketing approval. Our product candidates may fail to show the desired safety and efficacy in clinical development despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials.

Previous wording

To obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of our product candidates, we must demonstrate through lengthy, complex and expensive preclinical testing and clinical trials that our product candidates are safe, pure and potent for use in each target indication. These trials are expensive and time-consuming, and their outcomes are inherently uncertain. Failures can occur at any time during the development process.

Current wording

To obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of our product candidates, we must demonstrate through lengthy, complex and expensive preclinical testing and clinical trials that our product candidates are safe, pure and potent for use in each target indication. These trials are expensive and time consuming, and their outcomes are inherently uncertain. Failures can occur at any time during the development process. Preclinical studies and clinical trials often fail to demonstrate safety or efficacy of the product candidate studied for the target indication, and most product candidates that begin clinical trials are never approved.

Previous wording

We are early in our development efforts for our product candidates and will need to successfully complete clinical trials, including pivotal clinical trials, in order to obtain FDA, MHRA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities’ approval to market any of our product candidates. Carrying out clinical trials and the submission of a successful BLA or MAA is a complicated process. As an organization, we are early in the process of collaborating with ImmuneOnco on the development of AXN-2510/IMM2510 and AXN-27M/IMM27M and have no experience completing any clinical trial, have limited experience in preparing regulatory submissions and have not previously submitted a BLA or MAA for any product candidate. We do not have a clinical development team. We have no prior experience developing bispecific antibodies and have no experience treating patients with bispecific antibodies. We have had no substantive interactions with the FDA related to AXN-2510/IMM2510 and cannot be certain how many clinical trials of AXN-2510/IMM2510 will be required or how such trials should be designed. Consequently, we may be unable to successfully and efficiently execute and complete necessary clinical trials in a way that leads to submission of the applicable regulatory applications and approval of AXN-2510/IMM2510, or any other product candidate. We may require more time and incur greater costs than our competitors and may not succeed in obtaining regulatory approvals of product candidates that we develop, including AXN-2510/IMM2510. Failure to commence or complete, or delays in, our collaboration or planned clinical trials, could prevent us from or delay us in commercializing our product candidates, including AXN-2510/IMM2510.

Current wording

We are early in our development efforts for our product candidates and will need to successfully complete clinical trials, including pivotal clinical trials, in order to obtain FDA, MHRA, EMA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities’ approval to market any of our product candidates. Carrying out clinical trials and the submission of a successful BLA or MAA is a complicated process. As an organization, we are early in the process of collaborating with ImmuneOnco on the development of AXN-2510/IMM2510 and AXN-27M/IMM27M and have no experience completing any clinical trial, have limited experience in preparing regulatory submissions and have not previously submitted a BLA or MAA for any product candidate. We have a small clinical development team. We have no prior experience developing bispecific antibodies and have no experience treating patients with bispecific antibodies. We have had limited interactions with the FDA related to AXN-2510/IMM2510 and cannot be certain how many clinical trials of AXN-2510/IMM2510 will be required or how such trials should be designed. Consequently, we may be unable to successfully and efficiently execute and complete necessary clinical trials in a way that leads to submission of the applicable regulatory applications and approval of AXN-2510/IMM2510, or any other product candidate. We may require more time and incur greater costs than our competitors and may not succeed in obtaining regulatory approvals of product candidates that we develop, including AXN-2510/IMM2510. Failure to commence or complete, or delays in, our collaboration or planned clinical trials could prevent us from or delay us in commercializing our product candidates, including AXN-2510/IMM2510.

Previous wording

We plan to work with our collaborator, ImmuneOnco, to conduct clinical trials for AXN-2510/IMM2510 outside the United States, including China, and the FDA and similar foreign regulatory authorities may not accept data from such trials conducted in locations outside of their jurisdiction.

Current wording

Our collaborator, ImmuneOnco, is conducting clinical trials for AXN-2510/IMM2510 in China, and the FDA and similar foreign regulatory authorities outside of China may not accept data from such trials to support registration studies and regulatory approval.

Previous wording

Our subsidiary, Axion Bio, Inc., or Axion Bio, is party to a collaboration with ImmuneOnco pursuant to which ImmuneOnco is pursuing clinical trials of AXN-2510/IMM2510 in China to generate clinical data from patients with certain solid tumor cancers, including of AXN-2510/IMM2510 in non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, we may choose to conduct other clinical trials outside the United States, including in the Australia, Canada, Europe, the United Kingdom or other foreign jurisdictions. The acceptance by the FDA of data from clinical trials conducted in China or any other clinical trial outside the United States may be subject to certain conditions or may not be accepted at all. In cases where data from clinical trials conducted outside the United States are intended to serve as the sole basis for marketing approval in the United States, the FDA will generally not approve the application on the basis of foreign data alone unless (i) the data are applicable to the U.S. population and U.S. medical practice; (ii) the trials were performed by clinical investigators of recognized competence and (iii) the data may be considered valid without the need for an on-site inspection by the FDA or, if the FDA considers such an inspection to be necessary, the FDA is able to validate the data through an on-site inspection or other appropriate means. For example, in February 2022, the FDA publicly rebuked an oncology product sponsor for submitting a marketing application with Phase 3 clinical data solely from China and since that time, it has declined to approve other applications that contained primarily China-generated clinical data. Additionally, the FDA’s clinical trial requirements, including sufficient size of patient populations and statistical powering, must be met. Many foreign regulatory bodies have similar approval requirements. In addition, such foreign trials would be subject to the applicable local laws of the foreign jurisdictions where the trials are conducted. There can be no assurance that the FDA or any similar foreign regulatory authority will accept data from trials conducted outside of the United States, including China, or the applicable jurisdiction. If the FDA or any similar foreign regulatory authority does not accept such data, it would result in the need for additional trials, which would be costly and time-consuming and delay aspects of our business plan, and which may result in our product candidates not receiving approval or clearance for commercialization in the applicable jurisdiction.

Current wording

Our subsidiary, Axion Bio, Inc., or Axion Bio, is party to a collaboration with ImmuneOnco pursuant to which ImmuneOnco is pursuing clinical trials of AXN-2510/IMM2510 in China to generate clinical data from patients with certain solid tumor cancers, including of AXN-2510/IMM2510 in non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, we may choose to conduct other clinical trials outside the United States, including in Australia, Canada, Europe, the United Kingdom or other foreign jurisdictions. The acceptance by the FDA of data from clinical trials conducted in China or any other clinical trial outside the United States may be subject to certain conditions or may not be accepted at all. In cases where data from clinical trials conducted outside the United States are intended to serve as the sole basis for marketing approval in the United States, the FDA will generally not approve the application on the basis of foreign data alone unless (i) the data are applicable to the U.S. population and U.S. medical practice; (ii) the trials were performed by clinical investigators of recognized competence and (iii) the data may be considered valid without the need for an on-site inspection by the FDA or, if the FDA considers such an inspection to be necessary, the FDA is able to validate the data through an on-site inspection or other appropriate means. For example, in February 2022, the FDA publicly rebuked an oncology product sponsor for submitting a marketing application with

Previous wording

•the risk that patient populations in such trials are not considered representative as compared to patient populations in the U.S. and other markets.

Current wording

•the risk that patient populations in such trials are not considered representative of patient populations in the U.S. and other markets.

Previous wording

From time to time, we may estimate the timing of the accomplishment of various scientific, clinical, regulatory, manufacturing and other product development goals, which we sometimes refer to as milestones, including in connection with our collaboration with ImmuneOnco. These milestones may include the commencement or completion of, and availability of data from, preclinical studies and clinical trials and the submission of regulatory filings. From time to time, we may publicly announce the expected timing of some of these milestones. All of these milestones are, and will be, based on a variety of assumptions. In particular with respect to expected milestones related to our lead product candidate, AXN-2510/IMM2510, we are setting timelines and making assumptions for a product candidate that we in-licensed very recently. We have no prior experience developing a bispecific antibody and, accordingly, are making clinical, regulatory, manufacturing and other assumptions related to a bispecific antibody for the first time. The actual timing of these milestones can vary significantly compared to our estimates, in some cases for reasons beyond our control. We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of clinical trials that we conduct that could delay or prevent our ability to receive marketing approval or commercialize our product candidates. In addition, failure to meet projected milestones may negatively impact the trading price of our common stock and our ability to raise additional capital on attractive terms or at all.

Current wording

From time to time, we may estimate the timing of the accomplishment of various scientific, clinical, regulatory, manufacturing and other product development goals, which we sometimes refer to as milestones, including in connection with our collaboration with ImmuneOnco. These milestones may include the commencement or completion of, and availability of data from, preclinical studies and clinical trials and the submission of regulatory filings. From time to time, we may publicly announce the expected timing of some of these milestones. All of these milestones are, and will be, based on a variety of assumptions. In particular with respect to expected milestones related to our lead product candidate, AXN-2510/IMM2510, we are setting timelines and making assumptions for a product candidate that we in-licensed recently. We have no prior experience developing a bispecific antibody and, accordingly, are making clinical, regulatory, manufacturing and other assumptions related to a bispecific antibody for the first time. The actual timing of these milestones can vary significantly compared to our estimates, in some cases for reasons beyond our control. We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of clinical trials that we conduct that could delay or prevent our ability to receive marketing approval or commercialize our product candidates. In addition, failure to meet projected milestones may negatively impact the trading price of our common stock and our ability to raise additional capital on attractive terms or at all.

Previous wording

We do not operate manufacturing facilities for the production of clinical or commercial supplies of our product candidates and currently have no supply agreements for the production of any of our product candidates. We have no personnel with experience in manufacturing bispecific antibodies and lack the resources and the capabilities to manufacture any of our product candidates on any scale, including clinical or commercial scale. We currently plan to rely on third parties for supply of our product candidates and for commercial supply if any of our product candidates are approved for sale.

Current wording

We do not operate manufacturing facilities for the production of clinical or commercial supplies of our product candidates and currently have no long-term supply agreements for the production of any of our product candidates. We have no personnel with experience in manufacturing bispecific antibodies and lack the resources and the capabilities to manufacture any of our product candidates on any scale, including clinical or commercial scale. We currently plan to rely on third parties for supply of our product candidates and for commercial supply if any of our product candidates are approved for sale.

Previous wording

The total addressable market opportunity for our product candidates will ultimately depend upon a number of factors including the diagnosis and treatment criteria included in the final label, if approved for sale in specified indications, acceptance by the medical community, patient access and product pricing and reimbursement. Incidence and prevalence estimates are frequently based on information and assumptions that are not exact and may not be appropriate, and the methodology is forward-looking and speculative. The process we have used in developing an estimated incidence and prevalence range for the indications we are targeting has involved collating limited data from multiple sources. Accordingly, the incidence and prevalence estimates included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, should be viewed with caution. Further, the data and statistical information used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or our other filings with the SEC, including estimates derived from them, may differ from information and estimates made by our competitors or from current or future studies conducted by independent sources.

Current wording

The total addressable market opportunity for our product candidates will ultimately depend upon a number of factors including the diagnosis and treatment criteria included in the final label, if approved for sale in specified indications, acceptance by the medical community, patient access and product pricing and reimbursement. Incidence and prevalence estimates are frequently based on information and assumptions that are not exact and may not be appropriate, and the methodology is forward-looking and speculative. The process we have used in developing an estimated incidence and prevalence range for the indications we are targeting has involved collating limited data from multiple sources. Accordingly, any incidence and prevalence estimates included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, should be viewed with caution. Further, the data and statistical information used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or our other filings with the SEC, including estimates derived from them, may differ from information and estimates made by our competitors or from current or future studies conducted by independent sources.

Previous wording

Drug development is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological advancements. There are several large and small pharmaceutical companies focused on delivering therapeutics for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, triple negative breast cancer and other oncology indications we might target in the future.

Current wording

Drug development is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological advancements. There are several large and small pharmaceutical companies focused on delivering therapeutics for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, triple negative breast cancer and other oncology indications we might target in the future. Further, it is likely that additional drugs will become available in the future for the treatment of our target indications.

Previous wording

We face competition from segments of the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other related markets that pursue the development of immuno-oncology therapies for the treatment of solid tumor cancers, including Akeso Therapeutics, ALX Oncology, Arcus Therapeutics, AstraZeneca plc, Beigene, BioAtla, BioNTech, Bristol Myers, Cytomx, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, iTeos Therapeutics, Merck, Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi, Summit Therapeutics, Werewolf Therapeutics.

Current wording

We face competition from segments of the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other related markets that pursue the development of immuno-oncology therapies for the treatment of solid tumor cancers, including Akeso Therapeutics, ALX Oncology, Arcus Therapeutics, AstraZeneca plc, Beigene, BioAtla, BioNTech/Bristol Myers, Cytomx, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer/3SBio, Regeneron, RemeGen Co., and Summit Therapeutics.

Previous wording

Several pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have established themselves in the market for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, or NSCLC, and several additional companies are developing products for the treatment of NSCLC. Currently, the most commonly used treatments for NSCLC are several immuno-oncology drugs and chemotherapies, administered either as monotherapy or in combination with other approved therapeutics. NSCLC treatment regimens vary due to several factors, including genetic mutations and progression of disease. Several medications have been approved by FDA for these treatments, including, but not limited to pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab and ipilmumab. There are anti-angiogenic therapies which are approved for the treatment of certain lung cancers, including bevacizumab and ramucirumab. In addition, there are several targeted therapies that have also been approved, including, but not limited to, osimertinib, adagrasib, and alectinib. Beyond currently approved therapies, several potential therapeutics are in various stages of development and clinical trials for the treatment of NSCLC, including late-stage candidates which have recently released Phase III clinical trial data in NSCLC in 2023, such as Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca’s datopotamab deruxetecan and Johnson & Johnson’s amivantamab and lazertinib. Finally, there are candidates in various stages of ongoing clinical trials for NSCLC, including Daiichi Sankyo and Merck with patritumab deruxtecan and AstraZeneca’s volrustomig, each currently enrolling in Phase III clinical trials.

Current wording

Several pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have established themselves in the market for the treatment of NSCLC and several additional companies are developing products for the treatment of NSCLC. Currently, the most commonly used treatments for NSCLC are several immuno-oncology drugs and chemotherapies, administered either as monotherapy or in combination with other approved therapeutics. NSCLC treatment regimens vary due to several factors, including genetic mutations and progression of disease. Several medications have been approved by FDA for these treatments, including, but not limited to pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab and ipilmumab. There are anti-angiogenic therapies which are approved for the treatment of certain lung cancers, including bevacizumab and ramucirumab. In addition, there are several targeted therapies that have also been approved, including, but not limited to, osimertinib, adagrasib, and alectinib. Beyond currently approved therapies, several potential therapeutics are in various stages of development and clinical trials for the treatment of NSCLC, including late-stage candidates which have recently released Phase III clinical trial data in NSCLC in 2023, such as Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca’s datopotamab deruxetecan and Johnson & Johnson’s amivantamab and lazertinib. Finally, there are candidates in various stages of ongoing clinical trials for NSCLC, including Daiichi Sankyo and Merck with patritumab deruxtecan and AstraZeneca’s volrustomig, each currently enrolling in Phase III clinical trials.

Previous wording

We do not have a clinical operations team and intend to engage CROs and other third parties to conduct our planned preclinical studies or clinical trials and to monitor and manage data. We expect to rely on third parties, including clinical data management organizations, medical institutions and clinical investigators, to conduct those clinical trials. If any of our relationships with these third parties terminate, we may not be able to timely enter into arrangements with alternative third parties or to do so on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Switching or adding CROs involves substantial cost and requires management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new CRO commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines. Though we intend to carefully manage our relationships with our CROs, there can be no assurance that we will not encounter challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects. Further, the performance of our CROs and other third parties conducting our trials may also be interrupted by public health emergencies.

Current wording

We have a small clinical operations team and intend to engage CROs and other third parties to conduct our planned preclinical studies or clinical trials and to monitor and manage data. We expect to rely on third parties, including clinical data management organizations, medical institutions and clinical investigators, to conduct those clinical trials. If any of our relationships with these third parties terminate, we may not be able to timely enter into arrangements with alternative third parties or to do so on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Switching or adding CROs involves substantial cost and requires management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new CRO commences work. As a result, delays occur, which can materially impact our ability to meet our desired clinical development timelines. Though we intend to carefully manage our relationships with our CROs, there can be no assurance that we will not encounter challenges or delays in the future or that these delays or challenges will not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and prospects. Further, the performance of our CROs and other third parties conducting our trials may also be interrupted by public health emergencies.

Previous wording

We depend on our relationship with, and the comprehensiveness of the intellectual property licensed from, ImmuneOnco, and termination of the IO Collaboration Agreement, or issues related to intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Current wording

We depend on our relationship with, and the comprehensiveness of the intellectual property licensed from, ImmuneOnco, and termination of the IO Collaboration Agreement or issues related to the licensed intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Previous wording

Similarly, changes in patent laws and regulations in other countries or jurisdictions, changes in the governmental bodies that enforce them or changes in how the relevant governmental authority enforces patent laws or regulations may weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce patents that we may obtain in the future. As an example, some European patent applications will have the option, upon grant of a patent, of becoming a Unitary Patent, which will be subject to the jurisdiction of the Unitary Patent Court, or UPC. The option of a Unitary Patent is a significant change in European patent practice. As the UPC is a new court system, there is no precedent for the court, increasing the uncertainty of any litigation in the UPC. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the United States. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property both in the United States and abroad. For example, if the issuance in a given country of a patent covering an invention is not followed by the issuance in other countries of patents covering the same invention, or if any judicial interpretation of the validity, enforceability or scope of the claims or the written description or enablement, in a patent issued in one country is not similar to the interpretation given to the corresponding patent issued in another country, our ability to protect our intellectual property in those countries may be limited. Changes in either patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may materially diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patent protection.

Current wording

As an example, some European patent applications will have the option, upon grant of a patent, of becoming a Unitary Patent, which will be subject to the jurisdiction of the Unitary Patent Court, or UPC. The option of a Unitary Patent is a significant change in European patent practice. As the UPC is a new court system, there is no precedent for the court, increasing the uncertainty of any litigation in the UPC. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the United States. As a result, we may encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our intellectual property both in the United States and abroad. For example, if the issuance in a given country of a patent covering an invention is not followed by the issuance in other countries of patents covering the same invention, or if any judicial interpretation of the validity, enforceability or scope of the claims or the written description or enablement, in a patent issued in one country is not similar to the interpretation given to the corresponding patent issued in another country, our ability to protect our intellectual property in those countries may be limited. Changes in either patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may materially diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patent protection.

Previous wording

•the federal transparency laws, including the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs, medical devices, biologicals and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, to report annually to CMS, information related to: (i) payments or other

Current wording

•the federal transparency laws, including the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which requires certain manufacturers of drugs, medical devices, biologicals and medical supplies for which payment is available under Medicare, Medicaid or the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, to report annually to CMS, information related to: (i) payments or other “transfers of value” made to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors), other health care professionals (such as physician assistants and nurse practitioners), and teaching hospitals, and (ii) ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members; and

Previous wording

Political relations between the United States and China are strained. Each country has been enacting sanctions and threatening additional sanctions against the other. The United States Congress has been pursuing potential legislation targeting certain China-based biopharmaceutical companies, and other China-based companies. Additionally, the biopharmaceutical industry in China is strictly regulated by the Chinese government. Changes to Chinese regulations affecting biopharmaceutical companies, and U.S. laws and regulations affecting biopharmaceutical companies based in or operating in China are also unpredictable. Any regulatory changes and changes in United States and China relations may have a material adverse effect on our collaboration with ImmuneOnco, which could harm our business and financial condition.

Current wording

Political relations between the United States and China are strained. Each country has been enacting sanctions and threatening additional sanctions against the other. The United States Congress has been pursuing potential legislation targeting certain China-based biopharmaceutical companies and other China-based companies. Additionally, the biopharmaceutical industry in China is strictly regulated by the Chinese government. Changes to Chinese regulations affecting biopharmaceutical companies, and U.S. laws and regulations affecting biopharmaceutical companies based in or operating in China are also unpredictable. Any regulatory changes and changes in U.S.-China relations may have a material adverse effect on our collaboration with ImmuneOnco, which could harm our business and financial condition.

Previous wording

Other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. These changes include aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of 2% per fiscal year pursuant to the Budget Control Act of 2011, which began in 2013, and due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect until 2032 unless additional congressional action is taken. Additionally, on March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was signed into law, which eliminates the statutory Medicaid drug rebate cap, previously set at 100% of a drug’s average manufacturer price, for single source and innovator multiple source drugs, effective January 1, 2024. These laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare, Medicaid and other healthcare funding, which could have an adverse effect on customers for our product candidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.

Current wording

Other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the ACA was enacted. For example, on July 4, 2025, the annual reconciliation bill, the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act," or OBBBA, was signed into law which, is expected to reduce Medicaid spending and enrollment by implementing work requirements for some beneficiaries, capping state-directed payments, reducing federal funding, and limiting provider taxes used to fund the program. OBBBA also narrows access to ACA marketplace exchange enrollment and declines to extend the ACA enhanced advanced premium tax credits, set to expire in 2025, which, among other provisions in the law, are anticipated to reduce the number of Americans with health insurance. These changes also include aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of 2% per fiscal year pursuant to the Budget Control Act of 2011, which began in 2013, and due to subsequent legislative amendments to the statute, will remain in effect until 2032 unless additional congressional action is taken. Additionally, on March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was signed into law, which eliminates the statutory Medicaid drug rebate cap, previously set at 100% of a drug’s average manufacturer price, for single source and innovator multiple source drugs, effective January 1, 2024. These laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare, Medicaid and other healthcare funding, which could have an adverse effect on customers for our product candidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.

Previous wording

The current administration is pursuing policies to reduce regulations and expenditures across government including at HHS, the FDA, CMS and related agencies. These actions, presently directed by executive orders or memoranda from the Office of Management and Budget, propose policy changes that create additional uncertainty for our business. These actions may, for example, include directives to reduce agency workforce, program cuts, rescinding a Biden administration executive order tasking the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, or CMMI, to consider new payment and healthcare models to limit drug spending, eliminating the Biden administration’s executive order that directed HHS to establishing an AI task force and developing a strategic plan, directing HHS and other agencies to lower prescription drug costs for Medicare through a variety of initiatives, including by improving upon the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program, and directing certain federal agencies to enforce existing law regarding hospital and plan price transparency and by standardizing prices across hospitals and health plans. Additionally, in its June 2024 decision in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, or Loper Bright, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the longstanding Chevron doctrine, under which courts were required to give deference to regulatory agencies’ reasonable interpretations of ambiguous federal statutes. The Loper Bright decision could result in additional legal challenges to current regulations and guidance issued by federal agencies applicable to our operations, including those issued by the FDA. Congress may introduce and ultimately pass health care related legislation that could impact the drug approval process and make changes to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program created under the IRA. We cannot predict which additional measures may be adopted or the impact of current and additional measures on the marketing, pricing and demand for our product candidates, if approved, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance may be revised or reinterpreted by the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. Any new regulations or guidance, or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations or guidance, may impose additional costs or lengthen FDA review times for our product candidates. We cannot determine how changes in regulations, statutes, policies, or interpretations when and if issued, enacted or adopted, may affect our business in the future. Such changes could, among other things, require:

Current wording

The current administration is pursuing policies to reduce regulations and expenditures across government including at HHS, the FDA, CMS and related agencies. These actions, presently directed by executive orders or memoranda from the Office of Management and Budget, propose policy changes that create additional uncertainty for our business. These actions and proposals, for example, include (1) reducing agency workforce; (2) directing, program cuts; (3) rescinding a Biden administration executive order tasking the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, or CMMI, to consider new payment and healthcare models to limit drug spending, eliminating the Biden administration’s executive order that directed HHS to establishing an AI task force and developing a strategic plan; (4) directing HHS and other agencies to lower prescription drug costs for Medicare through a variety of initiatives, including by improving upon the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program and establishing Most-Favored-Nation pricing for pharmaceutical products; (5) imposing tariffs on imported pharmaceutical products; and (6) directing certain federal agencies to enforce existing law regarding hospital and plan price transparency and by standardizing prices across hospitals and health plans. Additionally, in its June 2024 decision in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, or Loper Bright, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the longstanding Chevron doctrine, under which courts were required to give deference to regulatory agencies’ reasonable interpretations of ambiguous federal statutes. The Loper Bright decision could result in additional legal challenges to current regulations and guidance issued by federal agencies applicable to our operations, including those issued by the FDA. Congress may introduce and ultimately pass health care related legislation that could impact the drug approval process and make changes to the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program created under the IRA. We cannot predict which additional measures may be adopted or the impact of current and additional measures on the marketing, pricing and demand for our product candidates, if approved, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance may be revised or reinterpreted by the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. Any new regulations or guidance, or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations or guidance, may impose additional costs or lengthen FDA review times for our product candidates. We cannot determine how changes in regulations, statutes, policies, or interpretations when and if issued, enacted or adopted, may affect our business in the future. Such changes could, among other things, require:

Previous wording

Some actors now engage and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks, including without limitation nation-state actors for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities. During times of war and other major conflicts, we, and the third parties with whom we work, may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of these attacks, including retaliatory cyber-attacks, that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain and ability to produce, sell and distribute our goods and services. We and the third parties with whom we work are subject to a variety of evolving threats, including but not limited to social-engineering attacks (including through deep fakes, which are increasingly difficult to identify as fake, and phishing attacks), malicious code (such as viruses and worms), malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), denial-of-service attacks (such as credential stuffing), credential harvesting, personnel misconduct or error, ransomware attacks, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of data or other information technology assets, adware, telecommunications failures and other similar threats. In particular, severe ransomware attacks are becoming increasingly prevalent and can lead to significant interruptions in our operations, loss of sensitive data and income, reputational harm and diversion of funds. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting such payments. Future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated

Current wording

Some actors now engage and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks, including without limitation nation-state actors for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities. During times of war and other major conflicts, we, and the third parties with whom we work, may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of these attacks, including retaliatory cyber-attacks, that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain and ability to produce, sell and distribute our goods and services. We and the third parties with whom we work are subject to a variety of evolving threats, including but not limited to social-engineering attacks (including through deep fakes, which are increasingly difficult to identify as fake, and phishing attacks), malicious code (such as viruses and worms), malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), denial-of-service attacks (such as credential stuffing), credential harvesting, personnel misconduct or error, ransomware attacks, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of data or other information technology assets, adware, telecommunications failures and other similar threats. In particular, severe ransomware attacks are becoming increasingly prevalent and can lead to significant interruptions in our operations, loss of sensitive data and income, reputational harm and diversion of funds. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting such payments. Future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies. Furthermore, we may discover security issues that were not found during due diligence of such acquired or integrated entities, and it may be difficult to integrate companies into our information technology environment and security program.

Previous wording

We rely on third parties and technologies to operate critical business systems to process sensitive information in a variety of contexts, including, without limitation, encryption and authentication technology, employee email and other functions. We also rely on third parties to provide other products, services or otherwise to operate our business. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. If these third parties experience a security incident or other interruption, we could experience adverse consequences. While we may be entitled to damages if these third parties fail to satisfy their privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award. In addition, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties’ infrastructure in our supply chain or in the supply chains of the third parties with whom we work have not been or will not be compromised.

Current wording

We rely on third parties and technologies to operate critical business systems to process sensitive information in a variety of contexts, including, without limitation, encryption and authentication technology, employee email and other functions. We also rely on third-party service providers to provide other products, services or otherwise to operate our business. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. If these third parties experience a security incident or other interruption, we could experience adverse consequences. While we may be entitled to damages if these third parties fail to satisfy their privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award. In addition, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties’ infrastructure in our supply chain or in the supply chains of the third parties with whom we work have not been or will not be compromised.

Previous wording

Certain of the previously identified or similar threats have in the past and may in the future cause a security incident or other interruption that have in the past and could in the future result in unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental acquisition, modification, destruction, loss, alteration, encryption, disclosure of, or access to our sensitive information or our information technology systems, or those of the third parties with whom we work. For example, we have been the target of unsuccessful phishing attempts and unsuccessful attempts to impersonate key personnel in email in the past, and expect such attempts will continue in the future. A security incident or other interruption could disrupt our ability (and that of third parties with whom we work) to provide our services. We expend resources or may have to modify our business activities (including our clinical trial activities) to try to protect against security incidents. Certain data privacy and security obligations require us to implement and maintain specific security measures or industry-standard or reasonable security measures to protect our information technology systems and sensitive information.

Current wording

Certain of the previously identified or similar threats have in the past and may in the future cause a security incident or other interruption that have in the past and could in the future result in unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental acquisition, modification, destruction, loss, alteration, encryption, disclosure of, or access to our sensitive information or our information technology systems, or those of the third parties with whom we work. For example, we have been the target of unsuccessful phishing attempts and unsuccessful attempts to impersonate key personnel in email in the past, and expect such attempts will continue in the future. A security incident or other interruption could disrupt our ability (and that of third parties with whom we work) to provide our services. We expend significant resources and we may have to modify our business activities (including our clinical trial activities) to try to protect against security incidents. Certain data privacy and security obligations require us to implement and maintain specific security measures to protect our information technology systems and sensitive information.

Previous wording

Applicable data privacy and security obligations may require us, or we may voluntarily choose, to notify relevant stakeholders (including affected individuals, customers, regulators, and investors) of security incidents, or to take other actions, such as providing credit monitoring and identity theft protection services. Such disclosures and related actions can be costly, and the disclosure or the failure to comply with such applicable requirements could lead to adverse consequences. If we, or a third party with whom we work, experience a security incident or are perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience adverse consequences. These consequences may include government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits and inspections), additional reporting requirements and/or oversight, restrictions on processing sensitive information (including personal data), litigation (including class claims), indemnification obligations, negative publicity, reputational harm, monetary fund diversions, interruptions in our operations (including availability of data), financial loss and other similar harms.

Current wording

perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience adverse consequences. These consequences may include government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits and inspections), additional reporting requirements and/or oversight, restrictions on processing sensitive information (including personal data), litigation (including class claims), indemnification obligations, negative publicity, reputational harm, monetary fund diversions, interruptions in our operations (including availability of data), financial loss and other similar harms.

Previous wording

In the ordinary course of business, we process personal data and other sensitive information. Our data processing activities subject us to data privacy and security obligations, such as various laws, regulations, guidance, industry standards, external and internal privacy and security policies, contractual requirements and other obligations relating to data privacy and security.

Current wording

In the ordinary course of business, we process personal data and other sensitive information. Our data processing activities may subject us to numerous data privacy and security obligations, such as various laws, regulations, guidance, industry standards, external and internal privacy and security policies, contractual requirements and other obligations relating to data privacy and security.

Previous wording

We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, consultants, collaborators, principal investigators, CROs, suppliers and vendors may engage in fraudulent conduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct that violates FDA regulations, including those laws requiring the reporting of true, complete and accurate information to the FDA, manufacturing standards, federal and state healthcare laws and regulations, and laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of

Current wording

We are exposed to the risk that our employees, independent contractors, consultants, collaborators, principal investigators, CROs, suppliers and vendors may engage in fraudulent conduct or other illegal activity. Misconduct

Previous wording

Prior to our initial public offering, there was no public market for our common stock. Although our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, if an active trading market for our shares does not continue to be developed or sustained, it may be difficult for you to sell shares of our common stock at an attractive price or at all.

Current wording

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC. If an active trading market for our shares does not continue to be developed or sustained, it may be difficult for you to sell shares of our common stock at an attractive price or at all.