Nkarta, Inc.
For the period ended Mar 31, 2026. Filed May 12, 2026.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Mar 31, 2026 · Filed May 12, 2026
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-Q
Period ended 2025-09-30; filed 2025-11-10.
0001193125-25-274304
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-Q
Period ended 2026-03-31; filed 2026-05-12.
0001787400-26-000013
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 94 previous paragraphs and 86 current paragraphs.
59 unchanged; 23 reworded; 4 added; 10 removed; 2 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 3 previous and 3 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (4)
Current report
Other Income, net
Current report
The increase of $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily due to the following:
Current report
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were $5.9 million and $12.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The decrease of $6.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily due to a $6.3 million decrease in personnel expenses, including $5.1 million in severance expenses from the reduction in force incurred in March 2025, and a $0.2 million decrease in facilities expenses allocated to general and administrative expenses.
Current report
Smaller Reporting Company Status
Removed paragraphs (10)
Previous report
In March 2025, we approved a reduction in workforce as a result of a review of current strategic priorities and resource allocation with the intent to decrease our costs and create a more streamlined organization to support our operations and reprioritized product pipeline.
Previous report
Other Income (Expense), net
Previous report
The decrease of $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to the following:
Previous report
The decrease of $8.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to the following:
Previous report
a $2.0 million decrease in program costs primarily from lower manufacturing, materials, and clinical expenses related to NKX101 as the program was deprioritized and lower manufacturing and materials expenses related to NKX019, which was partially offset by higher clinical spending related to NKX019 to support Phase I clinical trials in autoimmune diseases; and
Previous report
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses were $7.1 million and $8.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $25.9 million and $23.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease of $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to a $1.9 million decrease in personnel expenses and a $0.6 million decrease in legal and consulting expenses, which was partially offset by a $0.8 million ROU asset impairment expense recorded in September 2025 and a $0.2 million increase in facilities expenses allocated to general and administrative expenses. The increase of $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to the $5.0 million severance expenses resulting from the reduction in force completed in March 2025 and a $0.8 million ROU asset impairment expense recorded in September 2025, which was partially offset by a $3.6 million decrease in personnel and facilities expenses.
Previous report
Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense), net was $1.7 million and $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $1.7 million and $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, were primarily due to $1.7 million of recognition of employee retention tax credits received under the CARES Act.
Previous report
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $225.9 million, which primarily consisted of net proceeds from our underwritten public offering of $225.1 million that closed in March 2024.
Previous report
JOBS Act
Previous report
We are an “emerging growth company” as described under the JOBS Act, and we could have taken advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This would have allowed us to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have chosen irrevocably to “opt out” of such extended transition period, and as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. We intend to rely on other exemptions provided by the JOBS Act, including without limitation, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act").
Reworded paragraphs (23)
Previous wording
We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company pioneering the development of allogeneic, off-the-shelf engineered natural killer ("NK") cell therapies. Our lead pipeline program is NKX019, a chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer ("CAR NK") product candidate targeting the CD19 antigen for the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases. Our CAR NK platform enables an on-demand, off-the-shelf approach involving scaled manufacturing to broaden patient access. We have developed proprietary technologies that enable us to generate an abundant supply of NK cells, increase NK-cell recognition of target antigens, enhance NK-cell fitness and freeze, store, and thaw our engineered NK cells for off-the-shelf administration. NKX019 is allogeneic, which means it is produced using cells from a different person than the patient(s) being treated, and it is produced in quantity, then frozen and therefore available for treating patients without delay, unlike autologous cell therapies, which are derived from a patient’s own cells and must be manufactured as needed for each patient. We believe that engineered NK cells have the potential to be effective and accessible therapies for autoimmune diseases and other diseases, be well tolerated, and avoid some of the toxicities observed with other cell therapies.
Current wording
We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company pioneering the development of allogeneic, off-the-shelf engineered natural killer ("NK") cell therapies. Our lead pipeline program is NKX019, a chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer ("CAR NK") product candidate targeting the CD19 antigen for the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases. Our CAR NK platform enables an on-demand, off-the-shelf approach involving scaled manufacturing to broaden patient access. We have developed proprietary technologies designed to generate an abundant supply of NK cells, increase NK cell recognition of target antigens, and enhance NK cell fitness to support scalable, off the shelf administration. NKX019 is allogeneic, which means it is produced using cells from a different person than the patient(s) being treated, and it is produced in quantity, then frozen and therefore available for treating patients without delay, unlike autologous cell therapies, which are derived from a patient’s own cells and must be manufactured as needed for each patient. We believe that engineered NK cells have the potential to be effective and accessible therapies for autoimmune diseases and other diseases, be well tolerated, and avoid some of the toxicities observed with other cell therapies.
Previous wording
In May 2025, we announced the addition of primary membranous nephropathy ("pMN") as an indication to our Ntrust-1 clinical trial ("Ntrust-1"), a multi-center, open-label, dose-escalation Phase 1 clinical trial of NKX019 for lupus nephritis ("LN"). In order to maximize the success of our clinical trials, we also announced the modification of the lymphodepleting conditioning ("LD") prior to administration of NKX019 to use a combination of fludarabine ("Flu") and cyclophosphamide ("Cy"), with the option for patients with cytopenias to continue to receive Cy alone as modified LD, in both our Ntrust-1 clinical trial and our Ntrust-2 clinical trial ("Ntrust-2"). Ntrust-2 is a multi-center, open-label, dose-escalation Phase 1 clinical trial of NKX019 for systemic sclerosis ("scleroderma"), idiopathic inflammatory myopathy ("myositis") and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis ("AAV"). At that time, we also announced that researchers at the University of California, Irvine initiated an investigator-sponsored trial ("IST") of NKX019 in patients with myasthenia gravis ("MG"). NKX019 is also being studied in an IST at Columbia University Irving Medical Center in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ("SLE") and in another multi-center Phase 1 clinical trial for the treatment of a variety of B-cell malignancies, which evaluates the safety, pharmacology, and preliminary anti-tumor activity of NKX019.
Current wording
Our Ntrust-1 clinical trial ("Ntrust-1") is a multi-center, open-label, dose-escalation Phase 1/2 clinical trial of NKX019 for lupus nephritis ("LN") and primary membranous nephropathy ("pMN"). Our Ntrust-2 clinical trial ("Ntrust-2") is a multi-center, open-label, dose-escalation Phase 1/2 clinical trial of NKX019 for systemic sclerosis ("scleroderma"), idiopathic inflammatory myopathy ("myositis"), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis ("AAV"), and rheumatoid arthritis ("RA"). In both studies, patients receive lymphodepleting conditioning ("LD") with a combination of fludarabine ("Flu") and cyclophosphamide ("Cy") prior to administration of NKX019, with the option for patients with cytopenias to receive Cy alone as modified LD. NKX019 is also being studied in an investigator-sponsored trial ("IST") at the University of California, Irvine in patients with myasthenia gravis ("MG") and in an IST at Columbia University Irving Medical Center in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ("SLE").
Previous wording
In November 2025, we announced that deep B-cell depletion was observed in all patients treated to date who received NKX019 with LD using Flu and Cy versus partial B-cell depletion in patients receiving only Cy. At the same time, we reported the implementation of a streamlined enrollment process that allows participant data from both the Ntrust-1 and Ntrust-2 clinical trials to be reviewed by a combined independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (“iDSMB”) to inform dose-escalation decisions. This update followed engagement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and authorization by the iDSMB to initiate enrollment in the second dose-escalation cohort.
Current wording
In November 2025, we announced that deep B-cell depletion was observed in all patients treated to date who received NKX019 with LD using Flu and Cy versus partial B-cell depletion in patients receiving only Cy. At the same time, we reported the implementation of a streamlined enrollment process that allows participant data from both the Ntrust-1 and Ntrust-2 clinical trials to be reviewed by a combined independent Data Safety Monitoring Board ("iDSMB") to inform dose-escalation decisions. This update followed engagement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") and authorization by the iDSMB to initiate enrollment in the second dose-escalation cohort. In April 2026, we announced that we had reached agreement with the FDA on protocol amendments to both the Ntrust-1 and Ntrust-2 clinical trials designed to enable outpatient administration of NKX019, reducing the required post-dose monitoring period from 24 hours to 2 hours, and to provide the option to re-dose patients, if needed, in both studies. The protocol amendments also provided for the addition of the RA cohort to Ntrust-2 and the removal of geographic monitoring requirements. Subsequent to this announcement, the protocol amendments were submitted to the FDA and institutional review boards ("IRB") and approved by the central IRB.
Previous wording
Since the commencement of our operations in 2015, we have devoted substantially all our resources in support of our product development efforts, hiring personnel, raising capital to support and expand such activities and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We have incurred net operating losses since inception and have not generated any revenue from product sales. In the future, we expect that our operating expenses will significantly increase as we continue to develop and seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates, continue to engage in other research and development activities to expand our pipeline of product candidates, maintain and expand our intellectual property portfolio, maintain and expand our product manufacturing capabilities, and ultimately establish a commercial organization. We have funded our operations primarily through the issuance of Company stock and intend to raise additional capital to fund operations until such time that we are able to generate sufficient revenues to cover our operating expenses. We may seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock, including through equity or debt financing or collaborations or partnerships with other companies. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, among other things, the pace and results of our clinical development efforts for our product candidates. We may not be able to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Any failure to raise capital as and when needed would compromise our ability to execute our business plan and may cause us to undertake cost containment measures and/or significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development of some of our programs. We have also incurred increased operating expenses since becoming a public company, which we expect will further increase when we are no longer able to rely on certain “emerging growth company” exemptions we are afforded under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS Act") as further described under “—JOBS Act” below. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year.
Current wording
Since the commencement of our operations in 2015, we have devoted substantially all our resources in support of our product development efforts, hiring personnel, raising capital to support and expand such activities and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We have incurred net operating losses since inception and have not generated any revenue from product sales. In the future, we expect that our operating expenses will significantly increase as we continue to develop and seek regulatory approvals for our product candidates, continue to engage in other research and development activities to expand our pipeline of product candidates, maintain and expand our intellectual property portfolio, maintain and expand our product manufacturing capabilities, and ultimately establish a commercial organization. We have funded our operations primarily through the issuance of Company stock and intend to raise additional capital to fund operations until such time that we are able to generate sufficient revenues to cover our operating expenses. We may seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock, including through equity or debt financing or collaborations or partnerships with other companies. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, among other things, the pace and results of our clinical development efforts for our product candidates. We may not be able to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Any failure to raise capital as and when needed would compromise our ability to execute our business plan and may cause us to undertake cost containment measures and/or significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development of some of our programs. We have also incurred increased operating expenses since becoming a public company, which we expect will further increase when we are no longer able to rely on certain “smaller reporting company” exemptions we are afforded as further described below. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year.
Previous wording
The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The direct external development program expenses reflect external costs attributable to our clinical development candidates and preclinical candidates selected for further development. Such expenses include third-party contract costs relating to manufacturing, clinical trial activities, translational medicine and toxicology activities. The unallocated internal research and development costs include personnel, facility costs, laboratory consumables and discovery and research related activities associated with our pipeline.
Current wording
The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The direct external development program expenses reflect external costs attributable to our clinical development candidates and preclinical candidates selected for further development. Such expenses include third-party contract costs relating to manufacturing, clinical trial activities, translational medicine and toxicology activities. The unallocated internal research and development costs include personnel, facility costs, laboratory consumables and discovery and research related activities associated with our pipeline.
Previous wording
Research and development activities are central to our business model. There are numerous factors associated with the successful commercialization of any of our drug candidates, including future trial design and various regulatory requirements, many of which cannot be determined with accuracy at this time based on our stage of development. In addition, future regulatory factors beyond our control may impact our clinical development programs. Drug candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the preclinical and clinical development of any of our drug candidates. However, we expect that our research and development expenses will increase substantially in connection with our planned preclinical and clinical development activities in the future, including as a result of Ntrust-1, our clinical trial of NKX019 for the treatment of LN and pMN, Ntrust-2, our clinical trial of NKX019 for the treatment of scleroderma, myositis, and AAV, and the ISTs for the treatment of MG and SLE.
Current wording
Research and development activities are central to our business model. There are numerous factors associated with the successful commercialization of any of our drug candidates, including future trial design and various regulatory requirements, many of which cannot be determined with accuracy at this time based on our stage of development. In addition, future regulatory factors beyond our control may impact our clinical development programs. Drug candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the preclinical and clinical development of any of our drug candidates. However, we expect that our research and development expenses will increase substantially in connection with our planned preclinical and clinical development activities in the future, including as a result of Ntrust-1, our clinical trial of NKX019 for the treatment of LN and pMN, Ntrust-2, our clinical trial of NKX019 for the treatment of scleroderma, myositis, AAV, and RA, and the ISTs for the treatment of MG and SLE.
Previous wording
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses were $20.2 million and $25.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Research and development expenses were $65.1 million and $73.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Current wording
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses were $25.0 million and $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Previous wording
a $1.2 million decrease in program costs primarily from lower manufacturing and materials expenses, which was partially offset by higher clinical spending related to NKX019 to support Phase I clinical trials in autoimmune diseases; and
Current wording
a $2.1 million increase in program costs primarily from higher clinical spending related to NKX019 to support clinical trials in autoimmune diseases, which was partially offset by lower manufacturing and materials expenses;
Previous wording
a $0.7 million decrease in other research costs, primarily consisting of lower laboratory supplies and facilities expenses due to lower headcount, which was partially offset by higher consulting expenses, equipment maintenance costs, and depreciation expense.
Current wording
a $0.2 million increase in other research costs, primarily consisting of higher consulting expenses, which was partially offset by lower laboratory supplies and facilities expenses due to lower headcount; and
Previous wording
a $3.2 million decrease in personnel costs primarily from lower salaries and wages and share based compensation expense recognized due to lower headcount as a result of the reduction in force in March 2025;
Current wording
a $1.5 million decrease in personnel costs primarily from lower salaries and wages and share based compensation expense recognized due to lower headcount as a result of the reduction in force in March 2025.
Previous wording
Interest income. Interest income was $3.9 million and $5.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $12.2 million and $14.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease of $1.6 million and $2.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, were primarily due to lower average investment balances and lower average interest rates in the current period. Interest income includes interest earned from investments, partially offset by amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of discounts of investments.
Current wording
Interest income. Interest income was $2.8 million and $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The decrease of $1.5 million was primarily due to lower average investment balances and lower average interest rates in the current period. Interest income includes interest earned from investments, partially offset by amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of discounts of investments.
Previous wording
As of September 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments of $316.5 million. We estimate that all $265.1 million in net proceeds from our July 2020 initial public offering have been spent. On April 28, 2022, we received $215.3 million in net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses, in connection with our secondary offering of our common stock. On March 27, 2024, we received $225.1 million in net proceeds from an underwritten public offering, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and expenses, described further below.
Current wording
As of March 31, 2026, we had cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments of $266.7 million. We estimate that all $265.1 million in net proceeds from our July 2020 initial public offering have been spent. On April 28, 2022, we received $215.3 million in net proceeds, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses, in connection with our secondary offering of our common stock. On March 27, 2024, we received $225.1 million in net proceeds from an underwritten public offering, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and expenses, described further below.
Previous wording
On March 17, 2023, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-3, as amended by the Form S-3/A filed on April 24, 2023 (the "Shelf Registration Statement"), covering the offer and sale from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), of up to $350.0 million in aggregate offering price of shares of the Company’s common stock, shares of the Company’s preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights and/or units, including up to $120.0 million in aggregate offering price of shares of the Company’s common stock, shares of the Company’s preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights and/or units registered on the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on September 2, 2021 (the "Prior Registration Statement") that had not yet been sold. The Shelf Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on May 5, 2023.
Current wording
On March 25, 2026, we filed a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Shelf Registration Statement”), covering the offer and sale from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of up to $350.0 million in aggregate offering price of shares of the Company’s common stock, shares of the Company’s preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights and/or units. The Shelf Registration Statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on April 3, 2026. The Shelf Registration Statement included a prospectus covering the offer and sale from time to time of up to $100.0 million in aggregate offering price of shares of the Company’s common stock through an “at-the-market” equity offering program (the “ATM Offering Program”) with Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, as sales agent. As of March 31, 2026, no sales of the Company’s common stock had been made pursuant to the ATM Offering Program.
Previous wording
We have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. As of September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $620.9 million and anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. We expect to incur substantial expenditures as we develop our product pipeline and advance our drug candidates through clinical development, undergo the regulatory approval process and, if approved, launch commercial activities. Specifically, in the near term we expect to incur substantial expenses relating to initiating and completing our clinical trials, the development and validation of our manufacturing processes, and other development activities.
Current wording
We have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. As of March 31, 2026, we had an accumulated deficit of $676.1 million and anticipate that we will continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. We expect to incur substantial expenditures as we develop our product pipeline and advance our drug candidates through clinical development, undergo the regulatory approval process and, if approved, launch commercial activities. Specifically, in the near term we expect to incur substantial expenses relating to initiating and completing our clinical trials, the development and validation of our manufacturing processes, and other development activities.
Previous wording
Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $67.1 million primarily due to a net loss of $76.7 million adjusted for a decrease in net change in operating assets and liabilities of $2.4 million, which was offset by net non-cash charges of $12.0 million. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in accounts payable and prepaid expenses, and a decrease in operating lease liability. Cash flows from operations are generally impacted by the timing of payments to vendors and vendor payment terms. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $6.7 million, depreciation and amortization of $6.9 million, which was offset by investment accretion and amortization of $3.7 million.
Current wording
Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $28.2 million primarily due to a net loss of $27.8 million adjusted for a decrease in net change in operating assets and liabilities of $4.4 million, which was offset by net non-cash charges of $4.0 million. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in accounts payable and prepaid expenses, and a decrease in operating lease liability. Cash flows from operations are generally impacted by the timing of payments to vendors and vendor payment terms. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $1.9 million, depreciation and amortization of $2.3 million, which was offset by investment accretion and amortization of $0.8 million.
Previous wording
Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $74.9 million primarily due to a net loss of $82.9 million adjusted for a decrease in net change in operating assets and liabilities of $8.5 million, which was offset by an increase in net of non-cash charges of $16.4 million. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in prepaid expenses for the maintenance of laboratory equipment, interest receivable, and accruals, and a decrease in accounts payable and operating lease liability. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $12.8 million, depreciation and amortization of $6.9 million, which was offset by investment accretion and amortization of $5.0 million.
Current wording
Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $29.6 million primarily due to a net loss of $32.0 million adjusted for a decrease in net change in operating assets and liabilities of $1.7 million, which was offset by an increase in net non-cash charges of $4.1 million. The change in net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to an increase in accounts payable and prepaid expenses, and a decrease in operating lease liability. Cash flows from operations are generally impacted by the timing of payments to vendors and vendor payment terms. The non-cash charges primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $2.8 million, depreciation and amortization of $2.3 million, which was offset by investment accretion and amortization of $1.6 million.
Previous wording
Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $99.2 million, which consisted primarily of proceeds from the sales and maturities of marketable securities of $247.0 million, partially offset by the purchase of marketable securities of $147.1 million and the purchase of property and equipment of $0.6 million.
Current wording
Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $15.9 million, which consisted primarily of proceeds from the sales and maturities of marketable securities of $70.6 million, partially offset by the purchase of marketable securities of $54.3 million and the purchase of property and equipment of $0.4 million.
Previous wording
Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $125.0 million, which consisted primarily of the purchase of marketable securities of $320.7 million and the purchase of property and equipment of $3.3 million, partially offset by proceeds from the maturities of marketable securities of $198.9 million.
Current wording
Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $54.3 million, which consisted primarily of proceeds from the maturities of marketable securities of $75.4 million, partially offset by the purchase of marketable securities of $20.6 million and the purchase of property and equipment of $0.5 million.
Previous wording
There was immaterial cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Current wording
There was immaterial cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and there was no net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
Previous wording
As of September 30, 2025, there have been no material changes from the contractual obligations and commitments previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Current wording
As of March 31, 2026, there have been no material changes from the contractual obligations and commitments previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed by the Company with the SEC on March 25, 2026.
Previous wording
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of assets and liabilities in our financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to clinical trial accruals, share-based compensation, pre-funded warrants and impairment of long-lived assets. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable and appropriate under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Current wording
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of assets and liabilities in our financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to clinical trial accruals, share-based compensation, pre-funded warrants and impairment of long-lived assets. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable and appropriate under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Previous wording
Other than our policy for restructuring as discussed in Notes 1 and 12 to our condensed financial statements, there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Current wording
There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 and filed with the SEC on March 25, 2026.
Previous wording
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the consummation of our IPO, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, (iii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700.0 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such year, or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a smaller reporting company or a non-accelerated filer, which would allow us to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our prospectuses and in our periodic reports and proxy statements.
Current wording
We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, meaning that the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million and our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million. As a smaller reporting company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our prospectuses and in our periodic reports and proxy statements.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (2)
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
a $7.2 million decrease in personnel costs primarily from lower salaries and wages, bonus expense, and share based compensation expense recognized due to lower headcount as a result of the reduction in force in March 2025;
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
a $0.7 million increase in other research costs, primarily consisting of higher consulting expenses, equipment maintenance costs, and depreciation expense.