Hyliion Holdings Corp

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except as separately indicated)

Note 1. Description of Organization and Business Operations and Basis of Presentation

Overview

Hyliion Holdings Corp. is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Cedar Park, Texas, that designs and develops power generators for stationary and mobile applications and provides research and development (“R&D”) services. References to the “Company,” “Hyliion,” “we,” or “us” in this report refer to Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary, unless expressly indicated or the context otherwise requires.

The Company plans to develop and commercialize a fuel-agnostic generator (the “KARNO generator”) to be used in stationary power applications. The Company believes the KARNO generator is well positioned to address the rising strain on electrical infrastructure, notably from electric vehicles.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Unites States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Any reference in these footnotes to the applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company is an early-stage growth company and has generated negative cash flows from operating activities since inception. At December 31, 2024, the Company had total equity of $244.4 million, inclusive of cash and cash equivalents of $9.2 million and total investments of $210.5 million. Based on this, the Company has sufficient funds to continue to execute its business strategy for the next twelve months from the issuance date of the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Note 2. Disposals

On November 7, 2023, the Board of the Company approved a strategic plan to wind down its powertrain business and preserve the related intellectual property (the “Plan”). As part of the Plan, the Company will continue to focus on commercialization of its KARNO generator technology. We have not accounted for the impacts of the Plan as a discontinued operation through December 31, 2024 as we have not abandoned or sold the underlying intellectual property and continue wind down activities. We expect to complete wind down activities in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025.

Total charges and expenses related to the Plan of $3.0 million and $11.5 million for theyears ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, inclusive of recoveries from assets sold and charges to assets held for sale discussed below, are included inexit and termination costs in the consolidated statements of operations. The change in total liabilities associated with the Plan is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities as presented in Note 10, and accounts payable, and is summarized as follows (in millions):

The above estimates of the cash expenditures and charges that the Company expects to incur in connection with the Plan, and the timing thereof, are subject to a number of assumptions and actual amounts may differ materially from estimates. In addition, the Company may incur other cash expenditures or charges not currently contemplated due to unanticipated events.

Assets Held for Sale

Through the quarter ended December 31, 2024, certain assets of our powertrain business, including Class 8 semi-trucks and capital equipment, were being actively marketed for sale, and we were actively locating buyers for these assets at prices that were reasonable in relation to their current fair value and the assets were available for immediate sale in their present condition. At the time of initial classification as held for sale, we estimated that the sale of these assets was expected to be completed within one year and it was unlikely that significant changes to the plan of sale would be made. We review assets held for sale each reporting period to determine whether the existing carrying amounts are fully recoverable in comparison to their estimated fair values less costs to sell.

We had assets held for sale of$2.6 million andnil consisting of property and equipment in connection with the Plan at their fair value less costs to sell at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We used fair value hierarchy Level III inputs including comparable assets, adjusted for condition, and recorded charges of$6.5 million andnil included in exit and termination costs in the consolidated statements of operations for theyears ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The estimates of fair value less costs to sell are subject to a number of assumptions and actual amounts may differ materially from estimates.

We recorded net benefits for recoveries related to asset sales of $2.8 million andnil included in exit and termination costs in the consolidated statements of operationsfor theyears ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively and included in gain on disposal of assets in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve revenue, assets held for sale, income taxes and valuation of share-based compensation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Segment Information

ASC 280, Segment Reporting, defines operating segments as components of an enterprise where discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company operates as a single operating segment from which all revenue and net income (loss) is derived and for which all assets are attributed. The Company’s CODM is the chief executive officer, who has ultimate responsibility for the operating performance of the Company and the allocation of resources. The CODM uses net income (loss) to manage the business and does not segment the business for internal reporting or decision making.

The significant expense categories and amounts that are regularly provided to the CODM and included in the reported measure of segment loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows (in millions):

Concentration of Supplier Risk

The Company is dependent on certain suppliers, the majority of which are single source suppliers, and the inability of these suppliers to deliver necessary components of the Company’s products in a timely manner at prices, quality levels and volumes that are acceptable, or the Company’s inability to efficiently manage these components from these suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash and cash equivalents only if in checking, savings or money market accounts. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and money market accounts and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company maintains cash in excess of federally insured limits at financial institutions which it believes are of high credit quality and has not incurred any losses related to these balances to date. The Company believes its credit risk, with respect to these financial institutions to be minimal.

Restricted Cash

The Company provided a supplier with a letter of credit for $7.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 to secure the performance of the Company, backed by a restricted cash deposit to pay any draws on the letter of credit by the supplier. The Company was released from this letter of credit in the first quarter of 2024.

The Company has provided its corporate headquarters lessor with a letter of credit for $0.7 million to secure the performance of the Company’s lease obligations, backed by a restricted cash deposit to pay any draws on the letter of credit by the lessor.

Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows is summarized as follows:

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at a gross invoice amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for potential account losses on the balance based on the Company’s evaluation of the anticipated impact of current economic conditions, changes in the character and size of the balance, past and expected future loss experience and other pertinent factors. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, accounts receivable included amounts receivable from customers of $1.5 million andnil, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023 there was no allowance for doubtful accounts on customer receivables.

Investments

The Company’s investments consist of corporate bonds, U.S. treasury and agency securities, state and local municipal bonds and commercial paper, all of which are classified as held-to-maturity, with a maturity date of 36-months or less at the time of purchase. The Company determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. Investments are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization, along with interest, is included in interest income. The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of securities sold.

Investments are impaired when a decline in fair value is judged to be other-than-temporary. The Company evaluates investments for impairment by considering the length of time and extent to which market value has been less than cost or amortized cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer as well as specific events or circumstances that may influence the operations of the issuer and the Company’s intent to sell the security or the likelihood that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the entire amortized cost. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded to other income (expense) and a new cost basis in the investment is established.

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based upon assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level I: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company can access at the measurement date;

Level II: Significant other observable inputs other than level I prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

Level III: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, however the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, investments, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The fair value of investments is based on quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active. As a result, investments are classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy.

Inventories

Through December 31, 2024, we have not yet commercialized the KARNO generator. Costs incurred for components acquired prior to our determination of reaching a commercial stage are expensed as R&D costs, resulting in zero cost basis for those components. As a result, moving-average prices for inventory that is capitalized in future periods may be significantly affected by those zero cost items. Inventory is consumed in the performance of contracts for R&D services in the quarter in which it is purchased, including certain allocations of overhead costs, and we therefore do not record inventory at each reporting period pertaining to these contracts.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets include prepaid insurance, rent and supplies, which are expected to be recognized, received or realized within the next 12 months.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, or if acquired in a business combination, at allocated fair value at the date of acquisition. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, based upon the following estimated useful lives:

Major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed as incurred. When property and equipment is retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss on the disposition is recorded in the consolidated statement of operations as a component of other income (expense). All long-lived assets are located in the U.S.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets with definite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset group’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company conducts its long-lived asset impairment analysis in accordance with ASC 360-10, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset group is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value.

Revenue

The Company follows five steps to recognize revenue from contracts with customers under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which are:

•Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer;

•Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract;

•Step 3: Determine the transaction price;

•Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

•Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied.

Product Sales

The Company has historically generated revenues from sales of hybrid systems for Class 8 semi-trucks and limited quantities of Class 8 semi-trucks outfitted with the hybrid system. We recognized revenue on Hybrid system sales and Class 8 semi-trucks outfitted with Hybrid systems upon delivery to, and acceptance of the vehicle by, the customer, which is when control transferred. Contracts were reviewed for significant financing components and payments were typically received within 30 days of delivery. The sale of a Hybrid system to an end-use fleet customer consisted of a completed modification to the customer vehicle and the installation services involved significant integration of the Hybrid system with the customer’s vehicle. Installation services were not distinct within the context of the contract and together with the sale of the Hybrid system represented a single performance obligation. We did not offer any sales returns. Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling were classified as revenue, and we elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control transferred to the customer as a cost of revenue. Our policy was to exclude taxes collected from customers from the transaction price of contracts. The Company has discontinued the electrified powertrain systems business and shifted to focus on the development and commercialization of the fuel-agnostic KARNO generator technology.

U.S. Government Contracts

The Company was performing undertwo contracts as both a prime and subcontractor to the United States government to provide R&D services. The larger of thesetwo contracts was modified and accounted for as a new contract in the quarter ending December 31, 2024. These contracts were not accounted for as revenue prior to September 30, 2024 as they were not in the ordinary course of business and the counterparties were not customers under GAAP. In September 2024, the Company was awarded a best effort cost-plus-fixed fee contract up to $16.0 million by the United States Department of the Navy’s Office of Naval Research (“ONR”) to research the suitability of its KARNO generator for Navy ships and stationary power applications. Under the agreement, the Company will provide R&D services through September 2026, including delivery of up toseven KARNO generators. The ONR contract represented a significant change in business strategy toward providing R&D activities in the ordinary course of business in addition to developing power generators for stationary and mobile applications. The Company now accounts for allthree contracts under ASC 606 beginning in the quarter ending December 31, 2024. The remaining amounts of revenue that we may recognize under these contracts was up to $15.7 million as of December 31, 2024, which is expected to be recognized in 2025 and 2026.

There is a single research and development services performance obligation in each of these contracts that is measured over time as the services are performed. The Company generally invoices monthly which corresponds directly with the value to the customers of the performance completed to date, and recognizes revenue in the amount that it has a right to invoice. Payment is ordinarily due within 90 days of invoice submission. Cost of R&D services revenue includes labor, allocated fringe and overhead, and inventory.

All revenue in the year ended December 31, 2024 was recognized over time and all revenue in the year ended December 31, 2023 was recognized at a point in time. The portion of our revenues from significant customers is summarized as follows and is attributable to the U.S.:

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, and have elected to utilize the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single combined lease component. Variable lease costs consist primarily of common area maintenance.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use underlying assets for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the leases. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to calculate the present value for lease payments is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, which is determined based on information available at lease commencement and is equal to the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term in an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable.

The Company’s real estate leases may includeone or more options to renew, with the renewal extending the lease term for an additionalone tofive years. The exercise of lease renewal option is at the Company’s sole discretion. In general, the Company does not consider renewal options to be reasonably likely to be exercised, therefore renewal options are generally not recognized as part of the ROU assets and lease liabilities. Lease costs for lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company does not record operating leases with an initial term of twelve months or less (“short-term leases”) in the consolidated balance sheets. Interest expense is recognized using the effective interest rate method, and the ROU asset is amortized over the useful life of the underlying asset.

Marketing, Promotional and Advertising Costs

Marketing, promotional and advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included as an element of selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations. Marketing, promotional and advertising costs were $0.1 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Research and Development Expense

R&D costs did not meet the requirements to be recognized as an asset as the associated future benefits were at best uncertain and there was no alternative future use at the time the costs were incurred. R&D costs include, but are not limited to, outsourced engineering services, allocated facilities costs, depreciation on equipment utilized in R&D activities, internal engineering and development expenses, materials, internally-developed software and employee related expenses (including salaries, benefits, travel, and share-based compensation) related to development of the Company’s products and services.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, under which shared based payments that involve the issuance of common stock to employees and nonemployees and meet the criteria for equity-classified awards are recognized in the financial statements as share-based compensation expense based on the fair value on the date of grant. The Company issues restricted stock awards to employees and nonemployees, utilizing new shares. The Company has elected to recognize the adjustment to share-based compensation expense in the period in which forfeitures occur. We recognize compensation expense for awards with only service conditions on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

If factors change, and we utilize different assumptions including the probability of achieving performance conditions, share-based compensation cost on future award grants may differ significantly from share-based compensation cost recognized on past award grants. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested securities, we may be required to accelerate any remaining unearned share-based compensation cost or incur incremental cost. Share-based compensation cost primarily affects our R&D and selling, general and administrative expenses.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, under which deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Due to the Company’s history of losses since inception, the net deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are accounted for using the more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s tax returns.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic loss per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss (the numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (the denominator). Diluted EPS attributable to common shareholders is computed by adjusting net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding (if dilutive) during each period. Potential common shares include shares issuable upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards

(see Note 7). The number of potential common shares outstanding are calculated using the treasury stock or if-converted method.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), and clarified by ASU 2025-01, to enable investors to better understand the major components of an entity’s income statement. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and we expect a material impact to our disclosures as a result of adoption.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), to enhance transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and we expect a material impact to our disclosures as a result of adoption.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, to improve the disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for the year ended December 31, 2024 and updated its related disclosures.

Note 4. Investments

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value, and maturities of our held-to-maturity investments at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

Note 5. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value measurements of our financial assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

Note 6. Capital Structure

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. The Company’s Board is authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, the relative, participating, option or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there wereno shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

At December 31, 2024, the following shares of common stock were reserved for future issuance:

Treasury Stock

In December 2023, we announced a share repurchase program which has no expiration date, authorizing the repurchase of up to $20.0 million in shares.

Note 7. Share-Based Compensation

2024 Equity Incentive Plan

On May 21, 2024, the Company’s shareholders approved a new long-term incentive award plan (the “2024 Plan”). The 2024 Plan is administered by the Board and the compensation committee. The selection of participants, allotment of shares, determination of price and other conditions are approved by the Board and the compensation committee at its sole discretion in order to attract and retain personnel instrumental to the success of the Company. Under the 2024 Plan, the Company may grant awards covering up to 8,000,000 shares of common stock, plus the amount of authorized but unissued shares under the 2020

Plan, the number of shares relating to awards under the 2020 Plan that are cancelled, lapsed, or are forfeited, and the number of shares withheld to satisfy a holder’s tax obligations. Grants under the 2024 Plan may be in the form of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance awards, and other awards to our employees, directors, and consultants. No stock options have been granted under the 2024 Plan.

Employee and director restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for which a grant date has been established generally vest overone tothree years from the date of grant. These awards generally become available to the recipient upon the satisfaction of a vesting condition based on a period of service.

Activity in the 2024 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

Share-based compensation expense under the 2024 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 wasnil. The fair value of RSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 wasnil. There was $0.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the 2024 Plan at December 31, 2024, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting periods, subject to forfeitures, with a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

2020 Equity Incentive Plan

On October 1, 2020, the Company’s shareholders approved a new long-term incentive award plan (the “2020 Plan”) in connection with the business combination agreement and plan of reorganization, pursuant to which SHLL Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Tortoise Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation, merged with and into the Company on June 18, 2020. The 2020 Plan is administered by the Board and the compensation committee. The selection of participants, allotment of shares, determination of price and other conditions are approved by the Board and the compensation committee at its sole discretion in order to attract and retain personnel instrumental to the success of the Company. Under the 2020 Plan, the Company may grant an aggregate of 12,200,000 shares of common stock in the form of nonstatutory stock options, incentive stock options, SARs, restricted stock awards, performance awards and other awards. No stock options have been granted under the 2020 Plan. No further grants can be made under the 2020 Plan.

We granted 2.7 million market-conditioned restricted stock units in 2024 that vested between February 13, 2025 and December 31, 2026 contingent upon achieving underlying closing stock price thresholds. Through December 31, 2024, there was achievement of underlying closing stock price thresholds on 100% of these awards which will vest between August 2025 and December 2026. These awards were valued at $0.83 per unit using fair value hierarchy Level III inputs including an underlying share volatility of 90% and a risk-free rate of 4.35%.

Employee and director RSUs generally vest overone tothree years from the date of grant. These awards become available to the recipient upon the satisfaction of a vesting condition based on a period of service, and performance and market conditions (for certain awards to employees).

Activity in the 2020 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

1 Excludes 1,336,667 shares underlying RSU awards with performance conditions, which have not been accounted for because no accounting grant date has been established.

2 Excludes 25,000 shares underlying RSU awards with performance conditions, which have not been accounted for because no accounting grant date has been established.

3 Excludes 59,584 shares underlying RSU awards with performance conditions, which have not been accounted for because no accounting grant date has been established.

4 Excludes 633,750 shares underlying RSU awards with performance conditions, which have not been accounted for because no accounting grant date has been established. These excluded shares were not granted during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Share-based compensation expense under the 2020 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $4.6 million and $6.2 million, respectively. The fair value of RSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.3 million and $2.8 million, respectively. There was $4.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the 2020 Plan at December 31, 2024, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining vesting periods, subject to forfeitures, with a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.

2016 Equity Incentive Plan

The Hyliion Inc. 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”), as amended in August 2017 and approved by the Board, permitted the granting of various awards including stock options (including both nonqualified options and incentive options), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), stock awards, phantom stock units, performance awards and other share-based awards to employees, outside directors and consultants and advisors of the Company. Only stock options have been awarded to employees, consultants and advisors under the 2016 Plan. No further grants can be made under the 2016 Plan.

Employee and nonemployee stock options generally vest over four years, with a maximum term often years from the date of grant. These awards become available to the recipient upon the satisfaction of a vesting condition based on a period of service.

Activity in the 2016 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

At December 31, 2024, the options outstanding and exercisable had an intrinsic value of $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively. There were no options with an exercise price greater than the market price on December 31, 2024 to exclude from the intrinsic value computation. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.4 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Share-based compensation expense under the 2016 Plan for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 wasnil and there wasno unrecognized compensation expense related the 2016 Plan at December 31, 2024.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has an authorized employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”) that would enable employees to contribute up to 15% of their base compensation toward the purchase of the Company’s common stock at 85% of its market value on the first or last day of each offering period. The ESPP was not implemented through December 31, 2024.

Note 8. Leases

The Company enters into operating leases for its corporate office, temporary offices, vehicles and equipment. In addition, the Company may enter into arrangements whereby portions of the leased premises are subleased to third parties and are classified as operating leases.

In December 2021, the Company amended the lease for its corporate office. This amendment increased the amount of space under the original lease, adjusted the monthly lease payments, and decreased the term of the lease to April 2027. The lease amendment includes the option to extend the term for up totwo consecutive terms ofthree years, which was not reasonably certain to be exercised at the modification date.

The Company’s corporate office lease has a term through 2027 and includes the option to extend the term for up totwo consecutive terms offive years, which was not reasonably certain to be exercised at the commencement date.

The following table provides a summary of the components of lease operating costs which are primarily included within R&D and selling, general and administrative expense:

The following table provides the weighted-average lease terms and discount rates used for the Company’s operating leases:

The following table provides a summary of operating lease liability maturities for the next five years and thereafter at December 31, 2024:

Note 9. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 totaled approximately $3.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, $0.4 million and $2.7 million was included in selling, general and administrative expenses and R&D expenses, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023,$0.6 million, $1.7 million, and $0.9 million was included in selling, general and administrative expenses, R&D expenses and exit and termination costs, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.

Note 10. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

Note 11. Income Taxes

The income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

The components of deferred taxes at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

The reconciliation of taxes at the federal statutory rate to the Company’s provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences at December 31, 2024.

The Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $346.2 million and $297.9 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024, $10.5 million of this amount will begin to expire in 2036 and the remaining $335.7 million has an indefinite carryforward period. The Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of $12.5 million and $12.5 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, that will begin to expire beginning in 2036. The Company had federal and state R&D credits of $4.7 million that will begin to expire in 2037. The Company’s ability to utilize a portion of net operating loss carryforwards and credits to offset future taxable income, and tax, respectively, is subject to certain limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code upon changes in equity ownership of the Company. Due to such limitation, $2.0 million of the Company’s net operating loss and less than $0.1 million of the Company’s R&D credits will expire unused, regardless of taxable income in future years.

The Company files a United States federal income tax return, as well as income tax returns in various states. The tax returns for years 2021 and thereafter remain open for examination. However, the taxing authorities have the ability to review the propriety of tax losses created in closed tax years to the extent such losses are utilized in an open tax year.

Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies

Economic Incentive Agreement

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, in connection with our operations in Cedar Park, Texas, the Company entered into an agreement with the Cedar Park Economic Development Corporation (“EDC”) that superseded prior agreements, whereby the Company would receive cash grants up to $1.1 million from the EDC at various measurement dates during the term of the agreement contingent upon the Company fulfilling and maintaining certain occupancy, investment, and employment requirements. The requirements must be met on or before specific measurement dates and maintained throughout the term of the agreement, which expires effective December 31, 2029. The Company has received payments to date of $0.4 million which are refundable as applicable performance requirements were not met and are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2024. Under the agreement, the EDC has the right to file a security interest to all assets of the Company.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is periodically involved in legal proceedings, legal actions and claims arising in the normal course of business, including proceedings relating to product liability, intellectual property, safety and health, employment and other matters. The Company believes that the outcome of such legal proceedings, legal actions and claims will not have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 13. Net Loss Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

Potential common shares excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:

Note 14. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows:

Note 15. Retirement Plan

The Company has adopted a 401(k) plan to provide all eligible employees a means to accumulate retirement savings on a tax-advantaged or post-tax basis. The 401(k) plan eligibility conditions require participants are at least 21 years old to participate. Eligibility entry date is the first of the month following date of hire, or the first of the month following the date the employee turns 21 years old. Plan participants may make elective contributions up to the maximum percentage of compensation and dollar amount allowed under the Internal Revenue Code and are always 100% vested in their elective contributions. The Company has also established a Profit Sharing plan in which the employer may make contributions on the employee’s behalf (“discretionary employer contributions”). The Company did not make any Profit Sharing contributions during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.