Arcosa Inc

Previous wording

Demand for Arcosa's products in some markets is typically seasonal, with periods of snow or heavy rain negatively affecting construction activity. For example, sales of Arcosa's products are somewhat higher from spring through autumn when construction activity is greatest. Construction activity declines in these markets during the winter months in particular due to inclement weather, frozen ground, and fewer hours of daylight. Construction activity and Arcosa's ability to deliver products on time or at all to its customers can also be affected in any period by public holidays, vacation periods, and adverse seasonal weather conditions such as extreme temperature, hurricanes, severe storms, torrential rains and floods, low river levels, and similar events, any of which could reduce demand for Arcosa's products, push back existing orders to later dates or lead to cancellations.

Current wording

Demand for Arcosa's products in some markets is typically seasonal, with periods of snow or heavy rain negatively affecting construction activity. Sales of Arcosa's products are somewhat higher from spring through autumn when construction activity is greatest. Construction activity declines in these markets during the winter months in particular due to inclement weather, frozen ground, and fewer hours of daylight. Construction activity and Arcosa's ability to deliver products on time or at all to its customers can also be affected in any period by public holidays, vacation periods, and adverse seasonal weather conditions such as extreme temperature, hurricanes, severe storms, torrential rains and floods, low river levels, and similar events, any of which could reduce demand for Arcosa's products, push back existing orders to later dates or lead to cancellations.

Previous wording

At December 31, 2023, Arcosa's backlog was approximately $1.4 billion within our Engineered Structures and $253.7 million within our Transportation Products segments. Arcosa's ability to meet customer delivery schedules for backlog is dependent on a number of factors including, but not limited to, sufficient manufacturing plant capacity, adequate supply channel access to raw materials and other inventory required for production, an adequately trained and capable workforce, engineering expertise, and appropriate planning and scheduling of manufacturing resources. We may also encounter capacity limitations due to changes in demand despite our forecasting efforts. Some of the contracts we enter into with our customers, such as for barges, traffic structures and wind towers, require long manufacturing lead times and contain penalty clauses or liquidated damages provisions related to late delivery. Failure to deliver in accordance with contract terms and customer expectations could subject us to financial penalties, damage existing customer relationships, increase our costs, reduce our sales and have a material adverse effect on Arcosa's business.

Current wording

At December 31, 2024, Arcosa's backlog was approximately $1.2 billion within our Engineered Structures and $280.1 million within our Transportation Products segments. Arcosa's ability to meet customer delivery schedules for backlog is dependent on a number of factors including, but not limited to, sufficient manufacturing plant capacity, adequate supply channel access to raw materials and other inventory required for production, an adequately trained and capable workforce, engineering expertise, and appropriate planning and scheduling of manufacturing resources. We may also encounter capacity limitations due to changes in demand despite our forecasting efforts. Some of the contracts we enter into with our customers, such as for barges, traffic structures and wind towers, require long manufacturing lead times and contain penalty clauses or liquidated damages provisions related to late delivery. Failure to deliver in accordance with contract terms and customer expectations could subject us to financial penalties, damage existing customer relationships, increase our costs, reduce our sales and have a material adverse effect on Arcosa's business.

Previous wording

Our operational sites include mining, processing and manufacturing facilities, where our employees and others are often in close proximity with mechanized equipment, moving vehicles, chemical substances, and dangerous manufacturing processes or natural conditions. Sites such as these are subject to potentially dangerous workplace risks. For example, Arcosa operates an underground limestone mine in Pennsylvania, which involves unique potential safety risks and hazards inherent to underground mining operations. Safety is a primary focus of our business and is critical to our reputation and performance. Unsafe work conditions, or any perceived failure to protect the health and safety of our employees, can also increase employee turnover, which increases our overall operating costs. If we fail to implement effective safety procedures, our employees and others could be injured, the completion of a project could be delayed, or we could be exposed to investigations and possible litigation, which may be significant. Our failure to maintain adequate safety standards through our safety programs could also result in reduced profitability or the loss of customers.

Current wording

Our operational sites include mining, processing and manufacturing facilities, where our employees and others are often in close proximity with mechanized equipment, moving vehicles, chemical substances, and dangerous manufacturing processes or natural conditions. Sites such as these are subject to potentially dangerous workplace risks. Arcosa operates an underground limestone mine in Pennsylvania, which involves unique potential safety risks and hazards inherent to underground mining operations. Safety is a primary focus of our business and is critical to our reputation and performance. Unsafe work conditions, or any perceived failure to protect the health and safety of our employees, can also increase employee turnover, which increases our overall operating costs. If we fail to implement effective safety procedures, our employees and others could be injured, the completion of a project could be delayed, or we could be exposed to investigations and possible litigation, which may be significant. Our failure to maintain adequate safety standards through our safety programs could also result in reduced profitability or the loss of customers.

Previous wording

Equipment failures or other material disruption at one or more of Arcosa’s manufacturing facilities or other facilities or in Arcosa’s supply chain could have a material adverse effect on us. In some instances, Arcosa relies on a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials, parts, and components needed in its production.

Current wording

Equipment failures or other material disruption at one or more of Arcosa’s manufacturing or mining facilities or in Arcosa’s supply chain could have a material adverse effect on us. In some instances, Arcosa relies on a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials, parts, and components needed in its production.

Previous wording

Arcosa owns and operates manufacturing facilities of various ages and levels of automated control and relies on a number of third parties as part of Arcosa’s supply chain, including for the efficient distribution of products to Arcosa’s customers. Any disruption at one of Arcosa’s manufacturing facilities or within Arcosa’s supply chain could prevent Arcosa from meeting demand or require Arcosa to incur unplanned capital expenditures. In addition, some of the equipment that Arcosa operates is old and some is highly technical. Both older equipment and more complex equipment may break down, resulting in unplanned downtime. Any unplanned downtime at Arcosa’s facilities may cause delays in meeting customer timelines, result in liquidated damages claims, or cause Arcosa to lose or harm customer relationships.

Current wording

Arcosa owns and operates manufacturing and mining facilities of various ages and levels of automated control and relies on a number of third parties as part of Arcosa’s supply chain, including for the efficient distribution of products to Arcosa’s customers. Any disruption at one of Arcosa’s facilities or within Arcosa’s supply chain could prevent Arcosa from meeting demand or require Arcosa to incur unplanned capital expenditures. While Arcosa maintains backups for certain critical pieces of equipment to use during the time it may take to repair or replace inoperable equipment, any unplanned downtime at Arcosa’s facilities may cause delays in meeting customer timelines, result in liquidated and delay damages claims, or cause Arcosa to lose or harm customer relationships.

Previous wording

Arcosa's manufacturing operations partially depend on Arcosa's ability to obtain timely deliveries of raw materials, parts, and components in acceptable quantities and quality from Arcosa's suppliers. Certain raw materials, parts, and components for Arcosa's products are currently available from a limited number of suppliers and, as a result, Arcosa may have limited control over pricing, availability, and delivery schedules. If Arcosa is unable to purchase a sufficient quantity of raw materials, parts, and components on a timely basis, Arcosa could face disruptions in its production and incur delays while it attempts to engage alternative suppliers. Fewer suppliers could require Arcosa to source unproven and distant supply alternatives. In addition, meeting certain production demands is dependent on Arcosa's ability to obtain a sufficient amount of steel. An unanticipated interruption in Arcosa's supply chain could have an adverse impact on both Arcosa's margins and production schedules. Any such disruption or supply shortage could harm Arcosa's business.

Current wording

Arcosa's operations partially depend on Arcosa's ability to obtain timely deliveries of raw materials, parts, and components in acceptable quantities and quality from Arcosa's domestic and foreign suppliers. Certain raw materials, parts, and components for Arcosa's products are currently available from a limited number of suppliers and, as a result, Arcosa may have limited control over pricing, availability, and delivery schedules. If Arcosa is unable to purchase a sufficient quantity of raw materials, parts, and components on a timely basis, Arcosa could face disruptions in its production and incur delays while it attempts to engage alternative suppliers. Fewer suppliers could require Arcosa to source unproven and distant supply alternatives. In addition, meeting certain production demands is dependent on Arcosa's ability to obtain a sufficient amount of steel. An unanticipated interruption in Arcosa's supply chain could have an adverse impact on both Arcosa's margins and production schedules. Any such disruption or supply shortage could harm Arcosa's business.

Previous wording

Furthermore, any shortages in trucking, rail, barge, or container shipping capacity, any increase in the cost thereof, or any other disruption to those transportation systems could limit Arcosa’s ability to deliver its products in a timely manner or at all. Any material disruption at one or more of Arcosa’s facilities or those of Arcosa’s customers or suppliers or otherwise within Arcosa’s supply chain, whether as a result of downtime, facility damage, an inability to deliver Arcosa’s products or otherwise, could prevent Arcosa from meeting demand, require Arcosa to incur unplanned capital expenditures, or cause other material disruption to Arcosa’s operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on Arcosa’s business.

Current wording

Furthermore, any shortages in trucking, rail, barge, or container shipping capacity, any increase in the cost thereof, or any other disruption to those transportation systems could limit Arcosa’s ability to deliver its products in a timely manner or at all. Any material disruption at one or more of Arcosa’s facilities or those of Arcosa’s customers or suppliers or otherwise within Arcosa’s supply chain could cause a material disruption to Arcosa’s operations, which could have a material adverse effect on Arcosa’s business.

Previous wording

A significant portion of Arcosa’s business depends on the adequate supply of raw materials and numerous specialty and other parts and components at competitive prices. The principal material used in Arcosa’s manufacturing segments is steel. The inflationary pressures on principal raw material prices, like steel, may result in increased costs or a delay in orders from Arcosa's customers, including but not limited to a customer's decision to place or delay orders for new barges due to fluctuations in the price of steel. During 2022 and 2023, Arcosa's Engineered Structures and Transportation Products segments were impacted by elevated steel costs, which negatively impacted order levels for wind towers and barges. Market steel prices may continue to exhibit periods of volatility and a continued increase in steel prices could continue to negatively impact demand for Arcosa's products like wind towers and barges. Steel prices may experience further volatility as a result of scrap surcharges assessed by steel mills, tariffs, and other market factors. Furthermore, consolidation of steel producers may lead to decreased competition in the industry and result in increased steel prices. Arcosa may use contract-specific purchasing practices, supplier commitments, contractual price escalation provisions, flexing between steel type, and other arrangements with Arcosa’s customers to mitigate the effect of this volatility on Arcosa’s operating profits. To the extent that Arcosa does not have such arrangements in place, a change in steel prices could materially lower Arcosa’s profitability.

Current wording

A significant portion of Arcosa’s business depends on the adequate supply of raw materials and numerous specialty and other parts and components at competitive prices. The principal material used in Arcosa’s manufacturing segments is steel. The current U.S. presidential administration has proposed to significantly increase tariffs on foreign imports of steel and aluminum. The inflationary pressures on principal raw material prices, like steel, may result in increased costs or a delay in orders from Arcosa's customers. Market steel prices have in the past and may in the future exhibit periods of volatility and an increase in steel prices could continue to negatively impact demand for Arcosa's products. Steel prices may experience further volatility as a result of scrap surcharges assessed by steel mills, tariffs, and other market factors. Furthermore, consolidation of steel producers may lead to decreased competition in the industry and result in increased steel prices. Arcosa may use contract-specific purchasing practices, supplier commitments, contractual price escalation provisions, flexing between steel type, and other arrangements with Arcosa’s customers to mitigate the effect of this volatility on Arcosa’s operating profits. To the extent that Arcosa does not have such arrangements in place, a change in steel prices could materially lower Arcosa’s profitability.

Previous wording

A part of the operations in Arcosa’s Construction Products segment includes the mining of natural aggregates and specialty materials reserves. The success and viability of these operations depend on the accuracy of Arcosa’s reserve estimates, the costs of production and the ability to economically distribute the natural aggregates and specialty materials. Estimates for natural aggregate and specialty materials reserves and for the costs of production of such reserves depend upon a variety of factors and assumptions, many of which involve uncertainties beyond Arcosa’s control, such as geological and mining conditions that may not be identifiable. In addition, Arcosa's success in recovering natural aggregates and specialty materials depends on the ability to secure new reserve locations and permits to mine such reserves in areas that make distribution of materials economically viable. Community engagement and maintaining good relations within the communities where we operate is important to retaining and securing permits. Inaccuracies in reserve estimates and production costs, and the inability to secure locations and permits for future operations could negatively affect our results of operations. The success and viability of Arcosa's recycled aggregates operation depends on Arcosa's success in procuring supply stock for processing recycled materials into recycled aggregates. The inability to maintain and secure locations and permits for recycled aggregates operations could negatively affect our results of operations.

Current wording

A part of the operations in Arcosa’s Construction Products segment includes the mining of natural aggregates and specialty materials reserves. The success and viability of these operations depend on the accuracy of Arcosa’s reserve estimates, the costs of production and the ability to economically distribute the natural aggregates and specialty materials. Estimates for natural aggregate and specialty materials reserves and for the costs of production of such reserves depend upon a variety of factors and assumptions, many of which involve uncertainties beyond Arcosa’s control, such as geological and mining conditions that may not be identifiable. In addition, Arcosa's success in recovering natural aggregates and specialty materials depends on the ability to secure new reserve locations and permits to mine such reserves in areas that make distribution of materials economically viable. Engaging and maintaining good relations within the communities where we operate is important to securing and retaining permits. Inaccuracies in reserve estimates and production costs, and the inability to secure locations and permits for future operations could negatively affect our results of operations. The success and viability of Arcosa's recycled aggregates operation depends on Arcosa's success in procuring supply stock for processing recycled materials into recycled aggregates. The inability to secure and maintain locations and permits for recycled aggregates operations could negatively affect our results of operations.

Previous wording

Arcosa uses electricity and various gases, including natural gas, at Arcosa’s manufacturing facilities and uses diesel fuel in vehicles to transport Arcosa’s products to customers and to operate its plant equipment. An outbreak or escalation of hostilities between the U.S. and any foreign power or between other foreign powers, such as the war in Ukraine or the Israeli-Hamas conflict, could result in a real or perceived shortage of petroleum and/or natural gas, which could result in an increase in the cost of natural gas or energy in general. Additionally, extreme weather conditions such as extreme temperatures, hurricanes, tornadoes, or floods could result in varying states of disaster and lead to disruptions to the delivery and supply of petroleum and/or natural gas, including rationing thereof, or an increase in natural gas prices, electricity prices, or other general energy costs. Future limitations on the availability (including limitations imposed by increased regulation or restrictions on rail, road, and pipeline transportation of energy supplies) or consumption of electricity, petroleum products or natural gas and/or an increase in energy costs, particularly natural gas and diesel fuel, could have an adverse effect upon our ability to conduct Arcosa’s business cost effectively.

Current wording

Arcosa uses electricity and various gases, including natural gas, at Arcosa’s manufacturing facilities and uses diesel fuel in vehicles to transport Arcosa’s products to customers and to operate its plant equipment. An outbreak or escalation of hostilities between the U.S. and any foreign power or between other foreign powers, such as the war in Ukraine or the conflicts in the Middle East, could result in a real or perceived shortage of petroleum and/or natural gas, which could result in an increase in the cost of natural gas or energy in general. Additionally, extreme weather conditions such as extreme temperatures, hurricanes, tornadoes, or floods could result in varying states of disaster and lead to disruptions to the delivery and supply of petroleum and/or natural gas, including rationing thereof, or an increase in natural gas prices, electricity prices, or other general energy costs. Future limitations on the availability (including limitations imposed by increased regulation or restrictions on rail, road, and pipeline transportation of energy supplies) or consumption of electricity, petroleum products or natural gas and/or an increase in energy costs, particularly natural gas and diesel fuel, could have an adverse effect upon our ability to conduct Arcosa’s business cost effectively.

Previous wording

Some of the markets Arcosa serves have a limited number of customers. For example, Arcosa's wind tower customer base is highly concentrated due to a limited number of companies constructing wind towers. The volumes purchased by customers in each of Arcosa’s business segments vary from year to year, and not all customers make purchases every year. Furthermore, the timing of the completion, delivery, and customer acceptance of orders, including backlog orders, may cause Arcosa's revenues and income from operations to vary substantially each quarter. As a result, the order levels for Arcosa’s products have varied significantly from period to period in the past and may continue to vary significantly in the future. For example, GE Renewable Energy, a customer in our Engineered Structures segment, accounted for approximately 8.1% of our consolidated revenues in 2023 down from 9.3% of consolidated revenues in 2022. As a result of these fluctuations, Arcosa believes that comparisons of its sales and operating results between periods may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as indicators of future performance.

Current wording

Some of the markets Arcosa serves have a limited number of customers. For example, Arcosa's wind tower customer base is highly concentrated due to a limited number of companies constructing wind towers. The volumes purchased by customers in each of Arcosa’s business segments vary from year to year, and not all customers make purchases every year. Furthermore, the timing of the completion, delivery, and customer acceptance of orders, including backlog orders, may cause Arcosa's revenues and income from operations to vary substantially each quarter. As a result, the order levels for Arcosa’s products have varied significantly from period to period in the past and may continue to vary significantly in the future. GE Vernova accounted for approximately 10.8% of our consolidated revenues in 2024 up from 8.1% of consolidated revenues in 2023. As a result of these fluctuations, Arcosa believes that comparisons of its sales and operating results between periods may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as indicators of future performance.

Previous wording

Arcosa is subject to potential liability for third-party claims alleging property damage and personal and bodily injury or death arising from the use of or exposure to Arcosa’s products, especially in connection with products Arcosa manufactures that its customers use to transport hazardous, flammable, toxic, or explosive materials. Arcosa’s businesses are subject to losses arising from property damages or losses from business interruption. As policies expire, premiums for renewed or new coverage may further increase and/or require that Arcosa increase its self-insured retention, deductibles, or overall limits. Arcosa maintains primary coverage and excess coverage policies for liability claims as well as property damage. An unusually large liability claim, property loss claim, business interruption claim, or a string of claims coupled with an unusually large damage award could exceed Arcosa’s available insurance coverage. Moreover, any accident or incident involving Arcosa’s businesses in general or Arcosa or Arcosa’s products specifically, even if Arcosa is fully insured, contractually indemnified, or not held to be liable, could negatively affect Arcosa’s reputation among customers and the public. The ability of Arcosa to insure against the risks described in this Item 1A is limited by the applicable insurance markets, which may be costly, unavailable or inadequate. Arcosa’s inability to secure adequate insurance could increase Arcosa’s risk exposure and operational expenses and disrupt the management of its business operations.

Current wording

Arcosa maintains primary and excess insurance coverage and is subject to potential liability for certain claims, including business interruption, property damage, personal injury, or death arising from the production, use, exposure to, or the transport of Arcosa’s products. Insurance premiums may increase and/or require that Arcosa increase its self-insured retention, deductibles, or overall limits. A claim for personal injury, auto liability, property loss, business interruption, or a string of such claims or a large damage award could exceed Arcosa’s available insurance coverage. The ability of Arcosa to insure against risks described in this Item 1A is limited by the applicable insurance markets, which may be costly, unavailable or inadequate. Arcosa’s inability to secure adequate insurance and/or a claim that exceeds Arcosa’s insurance limits could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

Arcosa is a party to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), by and among Arcosa, as borrower, and the lenders party thereto and the Indenture by and among Arcosa, certain of its subsidiaries which are guarantors and the trustee (the "Indenture"), pursuant to which $400 million of 4.375% senior notes due 2029 (the "Senior Notes" and, collectively, with the Credit Agreement and the Indenture, the “Financing Documents”) were issued. The Financing Documents contain a number of covenants potentially restricting the operations and financial condition of Arcosa and certain of its subsidiaries, including, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrictions on our ability to incur debt or liens, merge, sell assets, make investments and acquisitions, and make dividends and other restricted payments. The Credit Agreement also requires us to maintain compliance with financial covenants, and a change of control (as defined in the applicable Financing Document) could result in a default or prepayment event under the applicable Financing Document. These covenants and change of control provisions could have an adverse effect on Arcosa's business by limiting its ability to take advantage of financing, merger and acquisition, or other opportunities. The breach of any of these covenants or restrictions could result in a default under the Financing Documents, our inability to access the liquidity provided by the Credit Agreement, and the acceleration of the indebtedness under the Financing Documents.

Current wording

Arcosa is a party to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”), an Indenture (the “2021 Indenture”) governing its 4.375% senior unsecured notes due 2029 (the “2021 Notes”), and an Indenture (the “2024 Indenture”) governing its 6.875% senior unsecured notes due 2032 (the “2024 Notes” and collectively with the Credit Agreement, the 2021 Indenture, the 2021 Notes and the 2024 Indenture, the “Financing Documents”). The Financing Documents contain a number of covenants potentially restricting the operations and financial condition of Arcosa and certain of its subsidiaries, including, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrictions on our ability to incur debt or liens, merge, sell assets, make investments and acquisitions, and make dividends and other restricted payments. The Credit Agreement also requires us to maintain compliance with financial covenants, and a change of control (as defined in the applicable Financing Document) could result in a default or prepayment event under the applicable Financing Document. These covenants and change of control provisions could have an adverse effect on Arcosa's business by limiting its ability to take advantage of financing, merger and acquisition, or other opportunities. The breach of any of these covenants or restrictions could result in a default under the Financing Documents, our inability to access the liquidity provided by the revolving credit facility in the Credit Agreement, the acceleration of the indebtedness under the Financing Documents, and the foreclosure of the liens securing the indebtedness outstanding under the Credit Agreement.

Previous wording

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement incur interest which is variable based on fluctuations in the referenced Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). Increases in the referenced SOFR will increase Arcosa's borrowing costs and negatively impact financial results and cash flows. Increases in interest rates have resulted in higher interest expense related to borrowings under our Financing Documents year over year.

Current wording

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement incur interest which is variable based on fluctuations in the referenced Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). Increases in the referenced SOFR will increase Arcosa's borrowing costs and negatively impact financial results and cash flows.

Previous wording

Arcosa’s business may be adversely affected if a pandemic, epidemic, or other public health emergency occurs. For example, the outbreak of COVID-19, including its variants, disrupted global trade, commerce, financial and credit markets, and daily life throughout the world. Any future similar public health emergency could negatively impact our business in a number of ways, including the health of our employees and employee productivity, the availability and pricing of supplies and raw materials, our ability to fulfill customer orders, and the availability of our transportation and distribution networks. For example, if one or more of Arcosa’s facilities become subject to closure in connection with a public health emergency, the business as a whole could be materially affected.

Current wording

Arcosa’s business may be adversely affected if a pandemic, epidemic, or other public health emergency occurs. The outbreak of COVID-19, including its variants, disrupted local, state, national, and global economies. Any future similar public health emergency could negatively impact our business, including the health and productivity of our employees, the availability and pricing of supplies and raw materials, our ability to fulfill customer orders, and the availability of our transportation and distribution networks. If any of Arcosa’s facilities become subject to closure from a public health emergency, the business as a whole could be materially affected.

Previous wording

In addition, the impact of a government shutdown could have a material adverse effect on Arcosa's revenues, profits, and cash flows. Arcosa relies on government personnel to conduct certain routine business processes related to the inspection and delivery of certain products that, if disrupted, could have an immediate impact on Arcosa's revenues and business. The negative impact on the economy from a pandemic, epidemic or other public health emergency could also impact our customers in similar ways, causing customers to postpone projects, cancel or delay orders, or file bankruptcy.

Current wording

In addition, the impact of a government shutdown could have a material adverse effect on Arcosa's revenues, profits, and cash flows. Arcosa relies on government personnel to conduct certain routine business processes for the inspection and delivery of certain products that, if disrupted, could have an impact on Arcosa's revenues and business. The negative impact on the economy from a public health emergency could also impact our customers in similar ways, causing customers to postpone projects, cancel or delay orders, or file bankruptcy.

Previous wording

A pandemic, epidemic, or other public health emergency could also disrupt Arcosa's cross-border business transactions and activities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments in the United States and elsewhere in the world implemented strict measures to help control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, travel restrictions, business curtailments, and other measures. Such actions may impair or prevent Arcosa from continuing its operations and business arrangements outside the United States. The extent to which a pandemic, epidemic, or other public health emergency could impact our business will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict.

Current wording

A public health emergency could also disrupt Arcosa's cross-border business transactions and activities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world implemented strict measures to help control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, travel restrictions and business curtailments. Such actions may impair or prevent Arcosa from continuing its operations. The extent to which a pandemic, epidemic, or other public health emergency could impact our business will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict.

Previous wording

We are also exposed to risks associated with the creditworthiness of our customers and suppliers. For example, if volatile conditions in the global credit markets such as rising interest rates and tightening of credit standards limit our customers' access to credit (or increase the cost of obtaining credit), product order volumes may decrease, or customers may default on payments owed to Arcosa. Likewise, if Arcosa's suppliers face challenges obtaining credit, selling their products to customers that require purchasing credit, or otherwise operating their businesses, the supply of materials Arcosa purchases from them to manufacture its products may be interrupted. These events or a more general economic downturn could lead to a reduction in orders for Arcosa’s products, requests for deferred deliveries of backlog orders and make it difficult to collect on accounts receivable, which could result in lower revenue or increased operating costs. In addition, such events could result in Arcosa’s customers’ attempts to unilaterally cancel or terminate firm contracts or orders in whole or in part, resulting in contract or purchase order breaches which could result in increased commercial litigation costs.

Current wording

We are also exposed to risks associated with the creditworthiness of our customers and suppliers. If volatile conditions in the global credit markets such as rising interest rates and tightening of credit standards limit our customers' access to credit (or increase the cost of obtaining credit), product order volumes may decrease, or customers may default on payments owed to Arcosa. Likewise, if Arcosa's suppliers face challenges obtaining credit, selling their products to customers that require purchasing credit, or otherwise operating their businesses, the supply of materials Arcosa purchases from them to manufacture its products may be interrupted. These events or a more general economic downturn could lead to a reduction in orders for Arcosa’s products, requests for deferred deliveries of backlog orders and make it difficult to collect on accounts receivable, which could result in lower revenue or increased operating costs. In addition, such events could result in Arcosa’s customers’ attempts to unilaterally cancel or terminate firm contracts or orders in whole or in part, resulting in contract or purchase order breaches which could result in increased commercial litigation costs.

Previous wording

A majority of Arcosa's revenue is from customers who are in industries and businesses that are cyclical in nature which may result in decreased demand for Arcosa's products and negatively affect the collectability of receivables. For example, demand for our construction products is driven in large part by residential and commercial construction spending and by population and economic growth which typically slow during a downturn. The barge industry in particular has previously experienced sharp cyclical downturns and at such times operated with a minimal backlog. In addition, since Arcosa's operations are in a variety of geographic markets, its businesses are subject to differing economic conditions in each such geographic market. While the business cycles of Arcosa’s different operations may not typically coincide, an economic downturn could affect disparate cycles contemporaneously.

Current wording

A majority of Arcosa's revenue is from customers who are in industries and businesses that are cyclical in nature which may result in decreased demand for Arcosa's products and negatively affect the collectability of receivables. For example, demand for our construction products is driven in large part by residential and commercial construction spending and by population and economic growth which typically slow during a downturn. The barge industry in particular has previously experienced sharp cyclical downturns and at such times operated with a minimal backlog. In addition, since Arcosa's operations are in a variety of geographic markets, its businesses are subject to differing economic conditions and labor availability in each such geographic market. While the business cycles of Arcosa’s different operations may not typically coincide, an economic downturn could affect disparate cycles contemporaneously.

Previous wording

Decreased demand could result in lower sales volumes, lower prices, a slowdown in production at our facilities and/or a decline in or loss of profits. In addition, an economic downturn may negatively affect the collectability of accounts receivable. Any of the foregoing market or industry conditions or events could result in reductions in Arcosa’s revenues, or increased operating costs.

Current wording

Cyclical or other fluctuations, including as a result of government or macroeconomic policy, could result in decreased demand for our products, which could in turn result in lower sales volumes, lower prices, a slowdown in production at our facilities and/or a decline in or loss of profits. In addition, an economic downturn may negatively affect the collectability of accounts receivable. Any of the foregoing market or industry conditions or events could result in reductions in Arcosa’s revenues, or increased operating costs.

Previous wording

The impact of increased prices and inflation on principal raw material prices, including steel with respect to the order of new barges or wind towers, could negatively impact Arcosa's performance and financial results.

Current wording

The impact of increased prices and inflation on principal raw material prices, including the cost of steel with respect to the order of new barges or wind towers and liquid asphalt with respect to our asphalt paving operations, could negatively impact Arcosa's performance and financial results.

Previous wording

Increased inflation, including rising prices for raw materials such as steel, fuel, parts and components, freight, packaging, supplies, labor and energy, increases our costs to manufacture and distribute our products. We use market prices for materials, fuel, and parts and components, and may be unable to pass these rising costs on to our customers. While Arcosa cannot predict the extent to which inflation may continue to increase, increases in the price of steel have and could continue to impact a customer's decision to place or delay orders for new barges or wind towers. Other inflationary pressures may generally result in a reduction in construction activity, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Under varying circumstances, Arcosa may take actions to minimize these inflationary risks, but such efforts may not be effective in mitigating the impact on Arcosa's margins. Arcosa's revenues or operating costs may be negatively affected if we are unable to mitigate the impact of these cost increases through contractual means or otherwise offset the effect of these cost increases.

Current wording

Increased inflation and volatile input costs may be beyond our control, including rising prices for raw materials such as steel, liquid asphalt, fuel, parts and components, freight, packaging, supplies, labor, and energy, increases our costs to manufacture and distribute our products. We may be unable to pass these rising costs on to our customers. While Arcosa cannot predict the extent to which inflation may increase, increases and volatility in the price of steel and liquid asphalt have and could impact a customer's decision to place or delay orders for new barges, wind towers, or asphalt paving. Other inflationary pressures may generally result in a reduction in construction activity, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Under varying circumstances, Arcosa may take actions to minimize these inflationary risks, but such efforts may not be effective in mitigating the impact on Arcosa's margins. Arcosa's revenues or operating costs may be negatively affected if we are unable to mitigate the impact of these cost increases through contractual means or otherwise offset the effect of these cost increases.

Previous wording

Arcosa’s operations outside of the U.S. are subject to risks associated with cross-border business transactions and activities. Political, legal, trade, or economic change or instability, criminal activities, or social unrest could limit or curtail Arcosa’s respective foreign business activities and operations, including the ability to hire and retain employees. Violence in Mexico associated with drug trafficking is continuing. Arcosa has not, to date, been materially affected by any of these risks, but Arcosa cannot predict the likelihood of future effects from such risks or any resulting adverse impact on Arcosa’s business.

Current wording

Arcosa’s operations outside of the U.S. are subject to risks associated with cross-border business transactions and activities. Political, legal, trade, environmental regulations, or economic change or instability, criminal activities, or social unrest could limit or curtail Arcosa’s respective foreign business activities and operations, including the ability to hire and retain employees. Violence in Mexico associated with drug trafficking is continuing. Arcosa has not, to date, been materially affected by any of these risks, but Arcosa cannot predict the likelihood of future effects from such risks or any resulting adverse impact on Arcosa’s business.

Previous wording

Arcosa ships raw materials to Mexico and manufactures products in Mexico that are sold in the U.S. or elsewhere, which are subject to customs and other regulations. Any shutdown or delays at the U.S./Mexico border could affect our ability to transport or import our products manufactured in Mexico in a timely manner or at all. Some foreign countries where Arcosa operates have regulatory authorities that regulate products sold or used in those countries. If Arcosa fails to comply with the applicable regulations related to the foreign countries where Arcosa operates,

Current wording

Arcosa ships raw materials to Mexico and manufactures products in Mexico that are sold in the U.S. or elsewhere, which are subject to customs and other regulations. Any shutdown or delays at the U.S./Mexico border could affect our ability to transport or import our products manufactured in Mexico in a timely manner or at all. Some foreign countries where Arcosa operates have regulatory authorities that regulate products sold or used in those countries. If Arcosa fails to comply with the applicable regulations related to the foreign countries where Arcosa operates, Arcosa may be unable to market and sell its products in those countries or could be subject to administrative fines or penalties.

Previous wording

Furthermore, any material change in the quotas, regulations or duties on imports imposed by the U.S. government and agencies or on exports by the government of Mexico or its agencies, could affect Arcosa’s ability to export products that Arcosa manufactures in Mexico. Failure to comply with such import and export regulations could result in significant fines and penalties.

Current wording

Furthermore, any material change in the tariffs, quotas, regulations or duties on imports imposed by the U.S. government and agencies or on exports by the government of Mexico or its agencies, could affect Arcosa’s ability to export products that Arcosa manufactures in Mexico. Failure to comply with such import and export regulations could result in significant fines and penalties.

Previous wording

Arcosa is exposed to risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For example, Arcosa has substantial manufacturing operations in Mexico. To the extent there are significant changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso, Arcosa may incur increased costs or losses and reduced profits. Because our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies have had and will continue to have an impact on our reported earnings. Under varying circumstances, Arcosa may seek to minimize these risks using hedges and similar financial instruments and other activities, although these measures, if and when implemented, may not be effective. Any material and untimely changes in exchange rates could adversely impact our business.

Current wording

Arcosa is exposed to risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Arcosa has substantial manufacturing operations in Mexico. To the extent there are significant changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso, Arcosa may incur increased costs or losses and reduced profits. Because our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies have had and will continue to have an impact on our reported earnings. Under varying circumstances, Arcosa may seek to minimize these risks using hedges and similar financial instruments and other activities, although these measures, if and when implemented, may not be effective. Any material and untimely changes in exchange rates could adversely impact our business.

Previous wording

Arcosa faces competition from manufacturers both in the U.S. and around the world, some of which may engage in competition and trade practices involving the importation of competing products into the U.S. in violation of U.S. or other foreign laws, regulations, or practices. For example, Arcosa’s competitors may import competing products that are subsidized by foreign governments and sold in the U.S. at less than fair value. The results of trade negotiations, trade agreements, and tariffs could also negatively affect Arcosa’s supplies, cost of goods sold, and customers. For example, Arcosa produces certain products at its manufacturing facilities in Mexico. Arcosa's business benefits from free trade agreements, such as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement ("USMCA"). Potential developments, including failure to enforce the USMCA, potential changes or amendments to the agreement, governmental policies, and laws and regulations could adversely affect Arcosa's existing production operations in Mexico and have a material adverse effect on Arcosa's business. These trade policies and practices could increase pricing pressure on Arcosa’s products, reduce Arcosa’s revenues and operating profits, limit Arcosa’s ability to grow, and otherwise adversely affect Arcosa’s financial results.

Current wording

Arcosa faces competition from manufacturers both in the U.S. and around the world, some of which may engage in competition and trade practices involving the importation of competing products into the U.S. in violation of U.S. or other foreign laws, regulations, or practices. Arcosa’s competitors may import competing products that are subsidized by foreign governments and sold in the U.S. at less than fair value. The results of trade negotiations, trade agreements, and tariffs could also negatively affect Arcosa’s supplies, cost of goods sold, and customers. Arcosa produces certain products at its manufacturing facilities in Mexico. Arcosa's business benefits from free trade agreements, such as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement ("USMCA"). Potential USMCA developments, including tariffs, changes or amendments to the agreement, governmental orders, policies, and laws and regulations could adversely affect Arcosa's existing production operations in Mexico and have a material adverse effect on Arcosa's business. Additionally, effective February 4, 2025, the U.S government implemented an additional tariff on goods being imported from China and announced additional tariffs for goods imported into the U.S. from Mexico and Canada beginning in March 2025. Changes in U.S. trade policy have resulted and could again result in reactions from U.S. trading partners, including adopting responsive trade policies making it more difficult or costly for us to export or import our products from Mexico. While we cannot predict what additional changes to trade policy will be made by the current or a future presidential administration or Congress, including whether existing tariff policies will be maintained or modified, what products may be subject to such policies, or whether the entry into new or bilateral or multilateral trade agreements will occur, such changes could increase pricing pressure on Arcosa’s products, reduce Arcosa’s revenues and operating profits, limit Arcosa’s ability to grow, and otherwise adversely affect Arcosa’s financial results.

Previous wording

Furthermore, certain of Arcosa’s businesses depend on government spending for infrastructure and other similar building activities. As a result, demand for some of Arcosa’s products is influenced by local, state, U.S. federal, and international government fiscal policies, tax incentives and other subsidies, and other general macroeconomic and political factors. Projects in which Arcosa participates may be funded directly by governments or privately-funded, but are otherwise tied to or impacted by government policies and spending measures.

Current wording

Furthermore, certain of Arcosa’s businesses depend on government spending for infrastructure and other similar building activities. As a result, demand for some of Arcosa’s products is influenced by local, state, U.S. federal, and international government fiscal policies, tax incentives and other subsidies, and other general macroeconomic and political factors. Projects in which Arcosa participates may be funded directly by governments or privately-funded, but are otherwise tied to or impacted by government policies, U.S. presidential executive orders and memorandums, and spending measures.

Previous wording

Government spending is often approved only on a short-term basis and some of the projects in which Arcosa’s products are used require longer-term funding commitments. If government funding is not approved or funding is lowered as a result of poor economic conditions, lower than expected revenues, competing spending priorities, or other factors, it could limit infrastructure projects available, increase competition for projects, result in excess inventory, and decrease sales, all of which could adversely affect the profitability of Arcosa’s business.

Current wording

Government spending is often approved only on a short-term basis and some of the projects in which Arcosa’s products are used require longer-term funding commitments. If government funding is not approved or funding is lowered as a result of a change in priorities under the current U.S. presidential administration, poor economic conditions, lower than expected revenues, or other factors, it could limit infrastructure projects available, increase competition for projects, result in excess inventory, and decrease sales, all of which could adversely affect the profitability of Arcosa’s business.

Previous wording

Terrorist activities, anti-terrorist efforts, and other armed conflict involving the U.S. or its interests abroad or other foreign actors, including the war in Ukraine and the Israeli-Hamas conflict, may adversely affect the U.S. and global economies, potentially negatively affecting the industries in which Arcosa operates. For example, this could result in delays in or cancellations of the purchase of Arcosa’s products or shortages in raw materials, parts, or components, any of which could prevent Arcosa from meeting its financial and other obligations.

Current wording

Terrorist activities, anti-terrorist efforts, and other armed conflict involving the U.S. or its interests abroad or other foreign actors, including the war in Ukraine and the conflicts in the Middle East, may adversely affect the U.S. and global economies, potentially negatively affecting the industries in which Arcosa operates. This could result in delays in or cancellations of the purchase of Arcosa’s products or shortages in raw materials, parts, or components, any of which could prevent Arcosa from meeting its financial and other obligations.

Previous wording

In addition, if Arcosa is not able to successfully integrate its transactions to any material degree, such failure of a successful integration could result in unexpected claims or otherwise have a material adverse effect on Arcosa’s business. Integration risks include the following: (i) the diversion of management’s time and resources to integration matters from other Arcosa matters; (ii) difficulties in achieving business opportunities and growth prospects of the acquired business; (iii) difficulties in managing the expanded operations; and (iv) challenges in retaining key personnel. The failure to successfully integrate such mergers or acquisitions could prevent Arcosa from achieving the anticipated operating and cost synergies or long-term strategic benefits from such transactions.

Current wording

In addition, if Arcosa is not able to successfully integrate its transactions, including the Ameron and Stavola acquisitions, to any material degree, such failure of a successful integration could result in unexpected claims or otherwise have a material adverse effect on Arcosa’s business. Integration risks include the following: (i) the diversion of management’s time and resources to integration matters from other Arcosa matters; (ii) difficulties in achieving business opportunities and growth prospects of the acquired business; (iii) difficulties in managing the expanded operations; (iv) challenges in retaining key personnel; and (v) the disruption of ongoing business, customer, and employee relationships. The failure to successfully integrate such mergers or acquisitions could prevent Arcosa from achieving the anticipated operating and cost synergies or long-term strategic benefits from such transactions.

Previous wording

Acquisitions and divestitures may bring known and unknown risks to Arcosa. If we fail to adequately perform due diligence during the acquisition process, we may be subject to unexpected liabilities in connection with such transaction. Acquisitions and divestitures also bring risks that the counterparties to the transactions may fail to perform their obligations, which could result in costly litigation, divert management's attention and disrupt our business operations. Third parties could also seek to hold Arcosa responsible for these liabilities, and there can be no assurance that any indemnity from our counterparties or any insurance we obtain in connection with the transaction will be sufficient to protect Arcosa against the full amount of such potential liabilities.

Current wording

Acquisitions and divestitures may bring known and unknown risks to Arcosa. If we fail to adequately perform due diligence during the acquisition process or if despite adequate diligence an unknown condition or circumstance is discovered after the closing of a transaction, we may be subject to unexpected liabilities in connection with such transaction. Acquisitions and divestitures also bring risks that the counterparties to the transactions may fail to perform their obligations, which could result in costly litigation, divert management's attention, and disrupt our business operations. Third parties could also seek to hold Arcosa responsible for these liabilities, and there can be no assurance that any indemnity from our counterparties or any insurance we obtain in connection with the transaction will be sufficient to protect Arcosa against the full amount of such potential liabilities.

Previous wording

Arcosa's growth strategy may result in the acquisition of a new lines of business or expansion into geographic markets (whether inside or outside the U.S.) in which we have limited operating experience, including with respect to seeking regulatory approvals, becoming subject to regulatory authorities, and marketing or selling products. For example, the acquisitions of StonePoint and Southwest Rock brought new lines of business to Arcosa, including asphalt production, and exposed Arcosa to new geographic markets.

Current wording

Arcosa's growth strategy may result in the acquisition of new lines of business or expansion into geographic markets (whether inside or outside the U.S.) in which we have limited operating experience, including with respect to seeking regulatory approvals, becoming subject to regulatory authorities, and marketing or selling products. For example, the acquisitions of Ameron and Stavola in 2024 expanded Arcosa's Engineered Structures and Construction Products segments and exposed Arcosa to new geographic markets.

Previous wording

Our business is subject to significant regulatory compliance in the U.S., Mexico, and other countries where we do business, and any failure to comply with any current or future laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on us.

Current wording

Our business is subject to significant regulatory compliance obligations in the U.S., Mexico, and other countries where we do business, and a failure to comply with any current or future laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect on us.

Previous wording

Arcosa’s operations are also subject to various governmental regulations in the U.S., Mexico, and other countries where we do business related to occupational safety and health, labor, and business practices, including OSHA and MSHA.

Current wording

Arcosa’s operations are also subject to various governmental regulations in the U.S., Mexico, and other countries where we do business related to the environment, occupational safety and health, labor, and business practices, including OSHA and MSHA.

Previous wording

Although we believe that we are in material compliance with all applicable regulations and operating permits material to our business operations, if we determine that our current or future products or processes are not in compliance with applicable requirements, rules, regulations, specifications, standards or product testing criteria, it might result in additional operating expenses, administrative fines or penalties, criminal sanctions, product recalls, reputational harm, or loss of business that could have a material adverse effect on Arcosa’s business.

Current wording

Although we believe that we are in material compliance with all applicable regulations and operating permits material to our business operations, if we determine that our products or processes are not in compliance with applicable requirements, rules, regulations, specifications, standards or product testing criteria, it might result in additional operating expenses, administrative fines or penalties, criminal sanctions, product recalls, reputational harm, or loss of business that could have a material adverse effect on Arcosa’s business.

Previous wording

In addition, amendments to existing statutes and regulations, adoption of new statutes and regulations, modification of existing operating permits, or entering into new lines of business which are covered by regulatory agencies that Arcosa has not previously been subject to could require us to alter our methods of operation and/or discontinue the sale of certain of our products, resulting in costs to us that could be substantial. For example, the U.S. barge industry relies, in part, on the Jones Act because it prohibits foreign vessels from transporting goods between U.S. ports. Changes to or a repeal of such legislation could have a material adverse impact on Arcosa’s barge business and revenues.

Current wording

In addition, amendments to existing statutes and regulations, adoption of new statutes and regulations, modification of existing operating permits, or entering into new lines of business which are covered by regulatory agencies that Arcosa has not previously been subject to could require us to alter our methods of operation and/or discontinue the sale of certain of our products, resulting in substantial costs. For example, the U.S. barge industry relies, in part, on the Jones Act because it prohibits foreign vessels from transporting goods between U.S. ports. Changes to or a repeal of such legislation could have a material adverse impact on Arcosa’s barge business and revenues.

Previous wording

Arcosa is subject to comprehensive federal, state, local, and foreign environmental laws and regulations relating to: (i) the release or discharge of regulated materials into the environment at Arcosa’s facilities or with respect to Arcosa’s products while in operation; (ii) the management, use, processing, handling, storage, transport and transport arrangement, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, substances, and materials; and (iii) other activities relating to the protection of human health and the environment. These laws and regulations primarily relate to the generation and disposal of waste, wastewater discharges and air emissions. Such laws and regulations expose Arcosa to liability for its own acts and in certain instances potentially expose Arcosa to liability for the acts of others. These laws and regulations also may impose liability on Arcosa currently under circumstances where at the time of the action taken, Arcosa’s acts or those of others complied with then applicable laws and regulations. In addition, such laws may require significant expenditures to achieve compliance, and are frequently modified or revised to impose new obligations. Non-compliance with these environmental laws and regulations could result in a shutdown or work stoppage and civil and criminal fines or penalties. Arcosa’s operations involving hazardous materials also raise potential risks of liability under common law.

Current wording

Arcosa is subject to comprehensive federal, state, local, and foreign environmental laws and regulations relating to: (i) the release or discharge of regulated materials into the environment at Arcosa’s facilities or with respect to Arcosa’s products while in operation; (ii) the management, use, processing, handling, storage, transport and transport arrangement, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, substances, and materials; and (iii) other activities relating to the protection of human health and the environment. Such laws and regulations expose Arcosa to liability for its own acts and potentially the acts of others. These laws and regulations also may impose current liability on Arcosa under circumstances where, at the time of the action taken, such action complied with then applicable laws and regulations. In addition, environmental laws and regulations may require significant expenditures to achieve compliance, and non-compliance could result in a shutdown or work stoppage and civil and criminal fines or penalties.

Previous wording

Environmental pre-construction, construction, and operating permits are, or may be, required for Arcosa’s operations under these laws and regulations. These environmental permits are subject to modification, renewal, and/or revocation. Although Arcosa regularly monitors and reviews its operations, procedures, and policies for compliance with Arcosa’s environmental permits and related laws and regulations, the risk of environmental liability is inherent in the operation of Arcosa’s businesses.

Current wording

Environmental pre-construction, construction, and operating permits are, or may be, required for Arcosa’s operations under these laws and regulations. These permits are subject to modification, renewal, and/or revocation. Although Arcosa regularly monitors and reviews its operations, procedures, and policies for compliance with

Previous wording

However, future events, such as changes in, or modified interpretations of, existing environmental laws and regulations or enforcement policies, or further investigation or evaluation of the potential health hazards associated with the manufacture of Arcosa’s products and related business activities and properties, may give rise to additional compliance and other costs that could have a material adverse effect on Arcosa’s business.

Current wording

Moreover, future events, such as changes in, or modified interpretations of, existing environmental laws and regulations or enforcement policies, or further investigation or evaluation of the potential health hazards associated with the manufacture of Arcosa’s products and related business activities and properties, may give rise to additional compliance and other costs that could have a material adverse effect on Arcosa’s business.