Blackstone Secured Lending Fund
For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Feb 26, 2025.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.
FY2024 · Filed Feb 26, 2025
What changed in Risk Factors?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-K
Period ended 2023-12-31; filed 2024-02-28.
0001736035-24-000006
Item 1A. Risk FactorsCurrent report: 10-K
Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-02-26.
0001736035-25-000008
Item 1A. Risk FactorsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 562 previous paragraphs and 587 current paragraphs.
406 unchanged; 144 reworded; 20 added; 10 removed; 2 previous and 17 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 1 previous and 1 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (20)
Current report
Effective January 1, 2025, all references in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” to the “Adviser” shall refer to both Blackstone Private Credit Strategies LLC, in its capacity as the Company's investment adviser, and Blackstone Credit BDC Advisors LLC, in its capacity as the Company's investment sub-adviser, and all references to the "Administrator" shall refer to both Blackstone Private Credit Strategies LLC, in its capacity as the Company's administrator, and Blackstone Alternative Credit Advisors LP, in its capacity as one of the Company's sub-administrators.
Current report
Trade negotiations and related government actions may create regulatory uncertainty for our portfolio companies and our investment strategies and adversely affect the profitability of our portfolio companies.
Current report
In recent years, the U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and in some cases to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with foreign countries, and has made proposals and taken actions related thereto. For example, the U.S. government has imposed, and may in the future increase, tariffs on certain foreign goods, including from China, such as steel and aluminum. Some foreign governments, including China, have instituted retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. goods. Most recently, the current U.S. presidential administration has imposed or sought to impose significant increases to tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., including from China, Canada and Mexico. While the U.S. has reached an agreement with each of Canada and Mexico to delay the imposition of such tariffs, tariffs on goods from China took effect in February 2025. Such tariffs could further increase costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies and adversely affect the revenues and profitability of portfolio companies whose businesses rely on goods imported from China.
Current report
There is uncertainty as to further actions that may be taken under the current U.S. presidential administration with respect to U.S. trade policy, including with respect to the proposed tariffs on goods from Canada and Mexico. Further governmental actions related to the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers, or changes to international trade agreements or policies, could further increase costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies. This could materially adversely affect the revenues and profitability of companies whose businesses rely on goods imported from outside of the United States. Further governmental actions related to the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers or changes to international trade agreements or policies in respect of other jurisdictions could also have a similar adverse impact.
Current report
Conversely, potential deregulation of the banking industry in the United States, including a rollback of existing regulatory requirements, could adversely affect the private credit industry and, consequently, our investment strategy, portfolio performance and overall returns. The U.S. private credit market has grown significantly in part due to legislation that took effect following the 2008-2009 financial crisis that imposed onerous capital and lending requirements on banks, limiting their ability to extend credit to borrowers. If such requirements are reduced or removed, competition for lending opportunities would likely increase, and our ability to deploy capital effectively could be negatively impacted.
Current report
In addition, severe public health events, such as those caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, may occur from time to time, and could directly and indirectly impact us in material respects that we are unable to predict or control, including by threatening the well‐being and morale of personnel involved in our operations and interrupting business activities. In addition, related factors may materially and adversely affect us, including the effectiveness of governmental responses, the extension, amendment or withdrawal of any government programs or initiatives and the timing and speed of economic recovery. Actions taken in response may contribute to significant volatility in the financial markets, resulting in increased volatility in equity prices, material interest rate changes, supply chain disruptions, such as simultaneous supply and demand shock to global, regional and national economies, and an increase in inflationary pressures.
Current report
Globally, inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have in the past had negative effects on economies and financial markets, particularly in emerging economies, and may do so in the future. Wages and prices of inputs increase during periods of inflation which can negatively impact returns on our investments. In an attempt to stabilize inflation, governments may impose wage and price controls, or otherwise intervene in the economy. Governmental efforts to curb inflation often have negative effects on levels of economic activity.
Current report
We are subject to risks related to sustainability matters.
Current report
We are subject to risks associated with investing in portfolio companies that derive a significant portion of their revenue from government contracts.
Current report
Some of our portfolio companies may derive a significant portion of their revenues from government contracts. When such contracts with government entities expire, they may be opened for bidding by competing service providers, and there is no guarantee that our portfolio companies’ contracts will be renewed or extended. If, as a result of government budgetary cuts, any of our portfolio companies’ government contracts are terminated, not renewed, renewed on less favorable terms, or not renewed on a timely basis; if payments due to our portfolio companies under contracts with government entities are delayed due to administrative backlogs or budgetary constraints; or if any of our portfolio companies receive an adverse finding or review resulting from an audit or investigation, the stability and financial performance of these companies, including their ability to service or repay debt, could be materially and adversely impacted. As a result, any disruptions to these contracts may in turn negatively affect the value of our investments and our overall returns. Furthermore, a reduction in U.S. government contracting may limit investment opportunities and negatively impact our ability to generate expected returns.
Current report
•potential conflicts of interest, including related to the exercise of voting, consent or similar rights under our shares.
Current report
In addition, professionals of the Adviser are expected to participate in a Blackstone-sponsored program whereby any professional of the Adviser may receive carried interest or other compensation from another business unit of Blackstone in connection with such professional’s successful referral of a transaction to such other business unit of Blackstone or by virtue of other arrangements with Blackstone. Such compensation may include carried interest generated by a fund managed by such other business unit of Blackstone (or potentially even in a third-party fund manager). While not expected to be material, the amount of any carried interest or other compensation received in connection with any such program could ultimately be material and could involve a variety of conflicts of interest relating to such professional’s responsibilities with respect to the Company, the incentive they would have to refer transactions to other Blackstone business units, and the financial interests they could have in Other Clients (including those that could invest in the same portfolio companies as the Company or could transact with the Company, for example in cross transactions) as a result of their participation in the aforementioned program.
Current report
By acquiring an interest in the Company, each shareholder will be deemed to have acknowledged and consented to the existence or resolution of any such conflicts related to Blackstone affiliate service providers and to have waived any claim with respect to any liability arising from the existence of any such conflict of interest to the fullest extent permitted by law.
Current report
The Company may sell or purchase an interest to or from a counterparty (such as another sponsor’s fund), while the same counterparty acquires or sells an interest in a portfolio company of an Other Client or Blackstone. While these transactions may be separate or non-contingent, due to the simultaneous or closely related timing of these transactions, there may be actual or perceived conflicts of interest in connection with such transactions due to Blackstone’s duties to the Company on one hand, and such Other Client or Blackstone participating in the related transaction on the other, for example with respect to ensuring each transaction is separately in the best interests of the applicable Other Client and the Company and that the valuations are fair and reasonable to each respective fund, among other things. To mitigate such conflicts, Blackstone could, for example, negotiate each such transaction independently and ensure there is not a cross-conditioned closing of the two transactions, to ensure that the terms of each such transaction stand on their own.
Current report
With respect to debt securities acquired or sold in a secondary transaction or syndication between the Company, Other Clients, Blackstone Credit & Insurance, or Blackstone and a third-party in particular (following the issuance or origination of any financing or refinancing), Blackstone Credit & Insurance and/or such Other Clients could determine that no mitigation of any potential conflicts of interest with respect to such acquisition or sale is required. Further, the Company and such Other Client, Blackstone, or Blackstone Credit & Insurance may exit their holdings in such portfolio company at different times, on different terms or otherwise on a non-pro rata basis if permitted by applicable law, including for example, the Company acquiring (if permitted by applicable law) debt securities held by such Other Client, Blackstone, or Blackstone Credit & Insurance in such portfolio company (which could be at par or at a discount) as a part of a control acquisition or debt buyback or otherwise. Blackstone or Blackstone Credit & Insurance is expected to reach different conclusions for each such vehicle on the determination of whether, when and at what price to sell such securities based on the different termination dates, investment limitations and/or investment objectives of the Company and such Other Clients (including in light of the perpetual nature of certain Other Clients),Blackstone Credit & Insurance or Blackstone or for other reasons, and this could result in Other Clients, Blackstone Credit & Insurance or Blackstone exiting its interests in a portfolio company earlier or at a higher price than the Company (or vice versa). Such investments and transactions will give rise to potential or actual conflicts of interest. There can be no assurance that any conflict will be resolved in favor of the Company.
Current report
Ontra (f.k.a. InCloudCounsel). Ontra is a portfolio company of certain Other Clients that provides a contract automation and intelligence platform that utilizes artificial intelligence and a network of attorneys to support processing of routine contracts and tracking of obligations in complex agreements.
Current report
Sphera. Sphera is a portfolio company of certain Other Clients that provides environmental, health and safety and ESG software services and data.
Current report
ASK Investment Management (“ASK”). ASK is a portfolio company of certain Other Clients that provides investment management services.
Current report
Restrictive Covenants; Restrictions on Company Activities. Subject to applicable law and the terms of the Company’s co-investment exemptive relief, Blackstone, the Company, Other Clients, joint venture partners and/or their respective portfolio entities and affiliates can be expected to enter into covenants that restrict or otherwise limit the ability of Blackstone, the Company, Other Clients, joint venture partners and/or their respective portfolio entities and affiliates to make investments in, or otherwise engage in, certain businesses or activities. For example, Other Clients could have granted exclusivity to a joint venture partner that limits the Company and Other Clients from owning assets within a certain distance of any of the joint venture’s assets. Blackstone, the Company, an Other Client, a joint venture partner and/or their respective portfolio entities and affiliates could have entered into a non-compete agreement or other undertaking in connection with a purchase, sale or other transaction, including, without limitation, that Blackstone, the Company, Other Clients, joint venture partners and/or their respective portfolio entities and affiliates will not make investments or otherwise engage in any business or activity if such investment, business or activity could adversely affect or materially delay obtaining regulatory or other approvals in connection with any such purchase, sale or other transaction. These types of restrictions may negatively impact the ability of the Company to implement its investment program. See also “Multiple Blackstone Business Lines” herein.
Removed paragraphs (10)
Previous report
Inflation in the United States remained elevated throughout 2022 and 2023 and may continue to remain high in the future. While inflation has shown signs of moderating, it remains uncertain whether substantial inflation in the United States will be sustained over an extended period of time or have a significant effect on the United States or other economies. Elevated inflation could have an adverse impact on our operating costs, credit facilities, and general and administrative expenses, as these costs could increase at a rate higher than our revenue. Certain of our portfolio companies are in industries that have been impacted by inflation and global supply chain issues. Recent inflationary pressures have increased the costs of labor, energy and raw materials and have adversely affected consumer spending, economic growth and our portfolio companies’ operations and such pressures and related volatility may continue during 2024. If such portfolio companies are unable to pass any increases in their costs of operations along to their customers, it could adversely affect their operating results and impact their ability to pay interest and principal on our loans, particularly if interest rates rise in response to inflation. In addition, any projected future decreases in our portfolio companies’ operating results due to inflation could adversely impact the fair value of those investments. Any decreases in the fair value of our investments could result in future realized or unrealized losses and therefore reduce our net assets resulting from operations.
Previous report
From 2020 to 2022, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries instituted quarantine restrictions and took other measures to limit the spread of the virus. This resulted in labor shortages and disruption of supply chains and contributed to prolonged disruption of the global economy. A widespread reoccurrence of another pandemic or global health crisis could increase the possibility of periods of increased restrictions on business operations, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and prospects materially and exacerbate many of the other risks discussed in this“Risk Factors” section.
Previous report
In the event of another pandemic or global health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, our portfolio companies may experience decreased revenues and earnings, which may adversely impact our ability to realize value from such investments and in turn reduce our performance revenues. Investments in certain sectors, including hospitality, location-based entertainment, retail, travel, leisure and events, and in certain geographies, office and residential, could be particularly negatively impacted, as was the case during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our portfolio companies may also face increased credit and liquidity risk due to volatility in financial markets, reduced revenue streams and limited access or higher cost of financing, which may result in potential impairment of our investments. In addition, borrowers of loans, notes and other credit instruments may be unable to meet their principal or interest payment obligations or satisfy financial covenants, resulting in a decrease in value of our investments. In the event of significant credit market contraction as a result of a pandemic or similar global health crisis, we may be limited in our ability to sell assets at attractive prices or in a timely manner in order to avoid losses and margin calls from credit providers. Shareholders may also be negatively impacted if we experience a decline in the pace of capital deployment or fundraising.
Previous report
In addition, a pandemic or global health crisis may pose enhanced operational risks. For example, the employees of our Adviser and/or its affiliates may become sick or otherwise unable to perform their duties for an extended period, and extended public health restrictions and remote working arrangements may affect our Adviser and/or its affiliates by impacting employee morale, integration of new employees and preservation of their culture. Remote working environments may also be less secure and more susceptible to hacking attacks, including phishing and social engineering attempts. Moreover, our third-party service providers could be impacted by an inability to perform due to pandemic-related restrictions or by failures of, or attacks on, their technology platforms.
Previous report
The Adviser has established a counterparty and liquidity sub-committee that regularly reviews each broker-dealer counterparty for, among other things, its quality and the quality of its execution. The established procedures and guidelines require trades to be placed for execution only with broker counterparties approved by the counterparty and liquidity sub-committee of the Adviser. The factors considered by the sub-committee when selecting and approving brokers and dealers include, but are not limited to: (i) quality, accuracy, and timeliness of execution, (ii) review of the reputation, financial strength and stability of the financial institution, (iii) willingness and ability of the counterparty to commit capital, (iv) ongoing reliability and (v) access to underwritten offerings and secondary markets.
Previous report
CoreTrust. On September 30, 2022, certain Blackstone private equity funds and related entities closed the previously announced acquisition of a majority interest in CoreTrust (the“CoreTrust Acquisition”), a group purchasing organization that provides purchasing services to member companies, which includes portfolio companies owned, in whole or in part, by certain Blackstone-managed funds. CoreTrust is expected to provide group purchasing services to the Company, portfolio companies, Other Clients and Blackstone. Generally, CoreTrust generates revenue from vendors based on a percentage of the amount of products or services purchased by its member companies and benefit plans maintained by its member companies. CoreTrust has historically shared a portion of the revenue generated through purchases made by Blackstone portfolio companies and paid Blackstone a consulting fee. Blackstone stopped accepting such revenue sharing arrangements and consulting fee upon the closing of the CoreTrust Acquisition. However, Blackstone may in its sole discretion reinstitute such or similar revenue sharing arrangements with CoreTrust in the future. In addition, prior to the CoreTrust Acquisition, CoreTrust generated revenue in respect of certain portfolio companies (the “Applicable Portfolio Companies”) from certain health and welfare benefit plan-related vendors (the “Applicable Vendors”). For legal and regulatory reasons, following the CoreTrust Acquisition, CoreTrust is limited in its ability to generate revenue from the Applicable Vendors in respect of portfolio companies’ health benefit plans based on a percentage of the amount of products or services purchased by such plans. As a result, for Applicable Portfolio Companies and other portfolio companies that become CoreTrust members, CoreTrust intends to rebate all revenue received from Applicable Vendors to each such Portfolio Company’s applicable benefit plan. CoreTrust also intends to enter into with each Applicable Portfolio Company (and with other portfolio companies that become CoreTrust members) a separate agreement that will include the payment of an access fee in return for allowing such portfolio companies to use the goods and services provided by the Applicable Vendors through CoreTrust. The amount of the access fee will generally be determined either as a percentage of total company revenues or as a fixed fee (in each case subject to periodic review by CoreTrust and the Applicable Portfolio Company) and might not be subject to benchmarking, and the access fee could be greater or less than the amount of the revenue that CoreTrust previously generated from Applicable Vendors.
Previous report
Refinitiv. On October 1, 2018, a consortium led by Blackstone announced that private equity funds managed by Blackstone had completed an acquisition of Thomson Reuters’ Financial & Risk business (“Refinitiv”). On January 29, 2021, Refinitiv was sold to London Stock Exchange Group (“LSEG”), with Blackstone private equity funds receiving a minority stake in LSEG. Refinitiv operates a pricing service that provides valuation services and may provide goods and services for the Company and its portfolio companies.
Previous report
d. Refinitiv. See “—Portfolio Company Service Providers and Vendors” above.
Previous report
Group Procurement; Discounts. The Company, subject to applicable law, and certain portfolio companies will enter into agreements regarding group procurement (including, but not limited to, CoreTrust, an independent group purchasing organization), benefits management, purchase of title and/or other insurance policies (which can be expected to include brokerage and/or placement thereof, and will from time to time be pooled across portfolio companies and discounted due to scale, including through sharing of deductibles and other forms of shared risk retention) from a third party or an affiliate of Blackstone Credit & Insurance and/or Blackstone, and other operational, administrative or management related initiatives. The Firm will allocate the cost of these various services and products purchased on a group basis among the Company, Other Clients and their portfolio companies. Some of these arrangements result in commissions, discounts, rebates or similar payments to Blackstone Credit & Insurance and/or Blackstone or their affiliates (including personnel), or Other Clients and their portfolio companies, including as a result of transactions entered into by the Company and its portfolio companies and/or related to a portion of the savings achieved by the portfolio companies. Such commissions or payment will not reduce the management fee. The Firm can be expected to also receive consulting, usage or other fees from the parties to these group procurement arrangements. To the extent that a portfolio company of an Other Client is providing such a service, such portfolio company and such Other Client will benefit. Further, the benefits received by a particular portfolio company providing the service could be greater than those received by the Company and its portfolio companies receiving the service. Conflicts exist in the allocation of the costs and benefits of these arrangements, and shareholders rely on the Adviser to handle them in its sole discretion.
Reworded paragraphs (144)
Previous wording
Conditions in the medium- and large-sized U.S. corporate debt market may deteriorate, as seen during the recent financial crisis, which may cause pricing levels to similarly decline or be volatile. During the 2008-2009 financial crisis, many institutions were forced to raise cash by selling their interests in performing assets in order to satisfy margin requirements or the equivalent of margin requirements imposed by their lenders and/or, in the case of hedge funds and other investment vehicles, to satisfy widespread redemption requests. This resulted in a forced deleveraging cycle of price declines, compulsory sales, and further price declines, with falling underlying credit values, and other constraints resulting from the credit crisis generating further selling pressure. If similar events occurred in the medium- and large-sized U.S. corporate debt market, our NAV could decline through an increase in unrealized depreciation and incurrence of realized losses in connection with the sale of our investments, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations and the market price of our shares.
Current wording
During the 2008-2009 financial crisis, many institutions were forced to raise cash by selling their interests in performing assets in order to satisfy margin requirements or the equivalent of margin requirements imposed by their lenders and/or, in the case of hedge funds and other investment vehicles, to satisfy widespread redemption requests. This resulted in a forced deleveraging cycle of price declines, compulsory sales, and further price declines, with falling underlying credit values, and other constraints resulting from the credit crisis generating further selling pressure. If similar events occurred in the medium- and large-sized U.S. corporate debt market, our NAV could decline through an increase in unrealized depreciation and incurrence of realized losses in connection with the sale of our investments, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations and the market price of our shares.
Previous wording
Since we have no employees, we depend on the investment expertise, skill and network of business contacts of the broader networks of the Adviser and its affiliates. The Adviser evaluates, negotiates, structures, executes, monitors and services our investments. Our future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of Blackstone Credit & Insurance and its senior management team. The departure of any members of Blackstone Credit & Insurance’s senior management team could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Current wording
Since we have no employees, we depend on the investment expertise, skill and network of business contacts of the broader networks of the Adviser and its affiliates as well as the persons and firms our Adviser may retain to provide services on our behalf. The Adviser evaluates, negotiates, structures, executes, monitors and services our investments. Our future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of Blackstone Credit & Insurance and its senior management team. The departure of any members of Blackstone Credit & Insurance’s senior management team could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Previous wording
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends on the Adviser’s ability to identify and analyze, and to invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria. The Adviser’s capabilities in structuring the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to us, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve our investment objectives, the Adviser may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in our investment selection and monitoring process. The Adviser may not be able to find investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support our investment process could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Current wording
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends on the Adviser’s ability to identify and analyze, and to invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria. The Adviser’s capabilities in structuring the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to us, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve our investment objectives, the Adviser may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in our investment selection and monitoring process.
Previous wording
The Investment Advisory Agreement has been approved pursuant to Section 15 of the 1940 Act. In addition, the Investment Advisory Agreement has termination provisions that allow the parties to terminate the agreement. The Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by us or by the Adviser, upon 60 days’ written notice. If the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated, it may adversely affect the quality of our investment opportunities. In addition, in the event the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated, it may be difficult for us to replace the Adviser.
Current wording
The Investment Advisory Agreement has been approved pursuant to Section 15 of the 1940 Act. In addition, the Investment Advisory Agreement has termination provisions that allow the parties to terminate the agreement. The Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by us or by the Adviser upon 60 days’ written notice. If the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated, it may adversely affect the quality of our investment opportunities. In addition, in the event the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated, it may be difficult for us to replace the Adviser. If the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated and no suitable replacement is found to manage us, we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives. Furthermore, we may incur certain costs in connection with a termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement.
Previous wording
The Adviser depends on its broader organization’s relationships with private equity sponsors, investment banks and commercial banks, and we rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide us with potential investment opportunities. If the Adviser or its broader organization fail to maintain their existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sponsors or sources of investment opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the Adviser or its broader organizations have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us.
Current wording
The Adviser depends on its broader organization’s relationships with private equity sponsors, investment banks and commercial banks and others, and we rely to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide us with potential investment opportunities. If the Adviser or its broader organization fail to maintain their existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sponsors or sources of investment opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the Adviser or its broader organizations have relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us.
Previous wording
In light of the nature of our periodic public offerings in relation to our investment strategy and the need to be able to deploy potentially large amounts of capital quickly to capitalize on potential investment opportunities, if we have difficulty identifying suitable investments on attractive terms, there could be a delay between the time we receive net proceeds from the sale of shares of our Common Shares in any periodic public offering and the time we invest the net proceeds. Our proportion of privately-negotiated investments may be lower than expected. We may also from time to time hold cash pending deployment into investments or have less than our targeted leverage, which cash or shortfall in target leverage may at times be significant, particularly at times when we are receiving high amounts of offering proceeds and/or times when there are few attractive investment opportunities. Such cash may be held in an account for the benefit of our shareholders that may be invested in money market accounts or other similar temporary investments, each of which is subject to management fees.
Current wording
In light of the nature of our periodic public offerings in relation to our investment strategy and the need to be able to deploy potentially large amounts of capital quickly to capitalize on potential investment opportunities, if we have difficulty identifying suitable investments on attractive terms, there could be a delay between the time we receive net proceeds from the sale of our Common Shares in any periodic public offering and the time we invest the net proceeds. Our proportion of privately-negotiated investments may be lower than expected. We may also from time to time hold cash pending deployment into investments or have less than our targeted leverage, which cash or shortfall in target leverage may at times be significant, particularly at times when we are receiving high amounts of offering proceeds and/or times when there are few attractive investment opportunities. Such cash may be held in an account for the benefit of our shareholders that may be invested in money market accounts or other similar temporary investments, each of which is subject to management fees.
Previous wording
Under the 1940 Act, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value as determined pursuant to policies adopted by, and subject to the oversight of, our Board. There is not a public market for the securities of the privately-held companies in which we invest. Many of our investments are not publicly-traded or actively traded on a secondary market. As a result, we value these securities quarterly at fair value as determined in good faith as required by the 1940 Act. In connection with striking a NAV as of a date other than quarter end for share issuances and repurchases, the Company will consider whether there has been a material change to such investments as to affect their fair value, but such analysis will be more limited than the quarter end process.
Current wording
Under the 1940 Act, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value as determined pursuant to policies adopted by, and subject to the oversight of, our Board. There is not a public market for the securities of the privately-held companies and certain other private assets in which we invest. Many of our investments are not publicly-traded or actively traded on a secondary market. As a result, we value these securities quarterly at fair value as determined in good faith as required by the 1940 Act. In connection with striking a NAV as of a date other than quarter-end for share issuances and repurchases, the Company will consider whether there has been a material change to such investments as to affect their fair value, but such analysis will be more limited than the quarter-end process.
Previous wording
As part of our valuation process, we will take into account relevant factors in determining the fair value of the Company’s investments, without market quotations, many of which are loans, including and in combination, as relevant: (i) the estimated enterprise value of a portfolio company, (ii) the nature and realizable value of any collateral, (iii) the portfolio company’s ability to make payments based on its earnings and cash flow, (iv) the markets in which the portfolio company does business, (v) a comparison of the portfolio company’s securities to any similar publicly traded securities, and (vi) overall changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets that may affect the price at which similar investments may be made in the future. Our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these non-traded securities existed. Due to this uncertainty, our fair value determinations may cause our NAV on a given date to materially differ from the value that we may ultimately realize upon the sale of one or more of our investments.
Current wording
As part of the valuation process, we will generally take into account relevant factors in determining the fair value of the Company’s investments, without market quotations, many of which are loans, including and in combination, as relevant: (i) the portfolio company’s ability to make payments based on its earnings and cash flow,(ii) the estimated enterprise value of a portfolio company, (iii) the nature and realizable value of any collateral, (iv) the markets in which the portfolio company does business, (v) a comparison of the portfolio company’s securities to any similar publicly traded securities, and (vi) overall changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets that may affect the price at which similar investments may be made in the future. Our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these non-traded securities existed. Due to this uncertainty, our fair value determinations may cause our NAV on a given date to materially differ from the value that we may ultimately realize upon the sale of one or more of our investments. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we may realize amounts that are different from what was previously the value, and such differences could be material.
Previous wording
We, our portfolio companies and other counterparties are subject to regulation at the local, state and federal level. New legislation may be enacted or new interpretations, rulings or regulations could be adopted, including those governing the types of investments we are permitted to make, any of which could harm us and our shareholders, potentially with retroactive effect.
Current wording
We, our portfolio companies and other counterparties are subject to regulation at the local, state and federal level. New legislation may be enacted or new interpretations, rulings or regulations could be adopted, including those governing the types of investments we are permitted to make, any of which could harm us and our shareholders, potentially with retroactive effect. Anticipating policy changes and reforms may be particularly difficult during periods of heightened partisanship at the federal, state and local levels, including due to the divisiveness surrounding populist movements, political disputes and socioeconomic issues. The failure to accurately anticipate the possible outcome of such changes and/or reforms could have a material adverse effect on our returns.
Previous wording
President Biden may support an enhanced regulatory agenda that imposes greater costs on all sectors and on financial services companies in particular. In addition, uncertainty regarding legislation and regulations affecting the financial services industry or taxation could also adversely impact our business or the business of our portfolio companies.
Current wording
In recent years, there has been increased regulatory enforcement activity and rulemaking impacting the financial services industry. Under the prior U.S. presidential administration, including at the SEC and certain other regulatory bodies, policy changes could have imposed additional costs on us and our investments, required significant attention of senior management or resulted in limitations on the manner in which we or the companies in which we invest conduct business. We cannot predict at this time whether and the extent to which the current U.S. presidential administration and newly-appointed senior officials at the SEC and other federal agencies will pursue these or other policy changes. In addition, uncertainty regarding legislation and regulations affecting the financial services industry or taxation could also adversely impact our business or the business of our portfolio companies.
Previous wording
The financial services industry continues to be the subject of heightened regulatory scrutiny in the United States. There has been active debate over the appropriate extent of regulation and oversight of investment funds and their managers. We may be adversely affected as a result of new or revised regulations imposed by the SEC or other U.S. governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets. We also may be adversely affected by changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and regulations by these governmental authorities and self-regulatory organizations. Further, new regulations or interpretations of existing laws may result in enhanced disclosure obligations, including with respect to climate change or environmental, social and governance factors, which could negatively affect us and materially increase our regulatory burden. Increased regulations generally increase our costs, and we could continue to experience higher costs if new laws require us to spend more time or buy new technology to comply effectively.
Current wording
The financial services industry continues to be the subject of heightened regulatory scrutiny in the United States. There has been active debate over the appropriate extent of regulation and oversight of investment funds and their managers. We may be adversely affected as a result of new or revised regulations imposed by the SEC or other U.S. governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets. We also may be adversely affected by changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and regulations by these governmental authorities and self-regulatory organizations. Further, new regulations or interpretations of existing laws may result in enhanced disclosure obligations, including with respect to sustainability matters, which could negatively affect us and materially increase our regulatory burden. Increased regulations generally increase our costs, and we could continue to experience higher costs if new laws require us to spend more time or buy new technology to comply effectively.
Previous wording
Our business and the businesses of the Adviser and its affiliates are subject to extensive regulation, including periodic examinations, inquiries and investigations which may result in enforcement and other proceedings, by governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations in the jurisdictions in which we and they operate around the world, including the SEC and various other U.S. federal, state and local agencies. These authorities have regulatory powers dealing with many aspects of financial services, including the authority to grant, and in specific circumstances to cancel, permissions to carry on particular activities.
Current wording
Our business and the businesses of the Adviser and its respective affiliates are subject to extensive regulation, including periodic examinations, inquiries and investigations, which may result in enforcement and other proceedings, by governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations in the jurisdictions in which we and they operate around the world, including the SEC and various other U.S. federal, state and local agencies. These authorities have regulatory powers dealing with many aspects of financial services, including the authority to grant, and in specific circumstances to cancel, permissions to carry on particular activities.
Previous wording
We, the Adviser and its respective affiliates have received, and may in the future receive, requests for information, inquiries and informal or formal investigations or subpoenas from such regulators from time to time in connection with such inquiries and proceedings and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. These requests could relate to a broad range of matters, including specific practices of our business, the Adviser, our investments or other investments the Adviser or its affiliates make on behalf of their clients, potential conflicts of interest between us and the Adviser or its affiliates, or industry wide practices. SEC actions and initiatives can have an adverse effect on our financial results, including as a result of the imposition of a sanction, a limitation on our, Blackstone’s or our personnel’s activities, or changing our historic practices. Any adverse publicity relating to an investigation, proceeding or imposition of these sanctions could harm our or Blackstone’s reputation and have an adverse effect on our future fundraising or operations. The costs of responding to legal or regulatory information requests, any increased reporting, registration and compliance requirements will be borne by us in the form of legal or other expenses, litigation, regulatory proceedings or penalties, may divert the attention of our management, may cause negative publicity that adversely affects investor sentiment, and may place us at a competitive disadvantage, including to the extent that we, the Adviser or any of its affiliates are required to disclose sensitive business information or alter business practices.
Current wording
We, the Adviser and its respective affiliates have received, and may in the future receive, requests for information, inquiries and informal or formal investigations or subpoenas from such regulators from time to time in connection with such inquiries and proceedings and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. These requests could relate to a broad range of matters, including specific practices of our business, the Adviser, our investments or other investments the Adviser or its affiliates make on behalf of their clients, potential conflicts of interest between us and the Adviser or its affiliates, or industry wide practices. Actions by and/or initiatives of the SEC and/or other regulators can have an adverse effect on our financial results, including as a result of the imposition of a sanction, a limitation on our, Blackstone’s or our personnel’s activities, or changing our historic practices. Any adverse publicity relating to an investigation, proceeding or imposition of these sanctions could harm our or Blackstone’s reputation and have an adverse effect on our future fundraising or operations. The costs of responding to legal or regulatory information requests, any increased reporting, registration and compliance requirements will be borne by us in the form of legal or other expenses, litigation, regulatory proceedings or penalties, may divert the attention of our management, may cause negative publicity that adversely affects investor sentiment, and may place us at a competitive disadvantage, including to the extent that we, the Adviser or any of its affiliates are required to disclose sensitive business information or alter business practices.
Previous wording
In light of past market conditions in the U.S. and global financial markets, the U.S. and global economy, legislators, the presidential administration and regulators have increased their focus on the regulation of the financial services industry, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the“Dodd-Frank Act,” which instituted a wide range of reforms that have impacted all financial institutions to varying degrees. Because these requirements are relatively new and evolving, the full impact such requirements will have on our business, results of operations or financial condition is unclear. While we cannot predict what effect any changes in the laws or regulations or their interpretations would have on us, these changes could be materially adverse to us and our shareholders.
Current wording
In light of past market conditions in the U.S. and global financial markets, the U.S. and global economy, legislators, the presidential administration and regulators have increased their focus on the regulation of the financial services industry, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the“Dodd-Frank Act”) which instituted a wide range of reforms that have impacted all financial institutions to varying degrees. Because these requirements are relatively new and evolving, the full impact such requirements will have on our business, results of operations or financial condition is unclear. While we cannot predict what effect any changes in the laws or regulations or their interpretations would have on us, these changes could be materially adverse to us and our shareholders.
Previous wording
We and our portfolio companies are susceptible to the effects of economic slowdowns or recessions. The global growth cycle is in a mature phase and signs of slowdown are evident in certain regions around the world, although most economists continue to expect moderate economic growth in the near term, with limited signals of an imminent recession in the U.S. as consumer and government spending remain healthy. Financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic events, including the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging markets jurisdictions, levels of non‑performing loans on the balance sheets of European banks, the effect of the United Kingdom (the“U.K.”) leaving the European Union (the “E.U.”), instability in the Chinese capital markets and the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the broader outlook remains constructive, geopolitical instability continues to pose risk. In particular, the current U.S. political environment and the resulting uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. foreign investment, trade, taxation, economic, environmental and other policies under the current Administration, as well as the impact of geopolitical tension, such as a deterioration in the bilateral relationship between the U.S. and China or the current ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the escalating conflict in the Middle East, and the rapidly evolving measures in response, could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in the global markets. Certain of our portfolio companies may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government, foreign governments, or the United Nations or other international organizations. U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns or a recession in the United States. A decreased U.S. government credit rating, any default by the U.S. government on its obligations, or any prolonged U.S. government shutdown, could create broader financial turmoil and uncertainty, which may weigh heavily on our financial performance and the value of our common shares. Unfavorable economic conditions would be expected to increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events may limit our investment originations, and limit our ability to grow and could have a material negative impact on our operating results, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and the fair values of our debt and equity investments.
Current wording
Financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic events, including the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging markets jurisdictions, levels of non‑performing loans on the balance sheets of European banks, the effect of the United Kingdom (the“U.K.”) leaving the European Union (the “E.U.”), instability in the Chinese capital markets and the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the broader outlook remains constructive, geopolitical instability continues to pose risk. In particular, the current U.S. political environment and the resulting uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. foreign investment, trade, taxation, economic, environmental and other policies, as well as the impact of geopolitical tension, such as a deterioration in the bilateral relationship between the U.S. and China, concern as to whether China’s stimulus measures will effectively stabilize its slowing economic growth, or the ongoing wars in the Middle East and Ukraine, could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in the global markets. For example, in the United States, the current presidential administration has stated its intention to make governmental policy and regulatory changes in a variety of areas, including the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers. In that connection, certain countries subject to those changes have expressed an intent to impose similar measures in return. Additionally, certain of our portfolio companies may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government, foreign governments, or the United Nations or other international organizations. U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns or a recession in the United States. A decreased U.S. government credit rating, any default by the U.S. government on its obligations, or any prolonged U.S. government shutdown, could create broader financial turmoil and uncertainty, which may weigh heavily on our financial performance and the value of our Common Shares. Unfavorable economic conditions would be expected to increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events may limit our investment originations, and limit our ability to grow and could have a material negative impact on our operating results, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and the fair values of our debt and equity investments.
Previous wording
We may be impacted by general European economic conditions.
Current wording
We may be impacted by general global economic and market conditions.
Previous wording
In addition, economic problems in a single country are increasingly affecting other markets and economies. A continuation of this trend could result in problems in one country adversely affecting regional and even global economic conditions and markets. For example, concerns about the fiscal stability and growth prospects of certain European countries in the last economic downturn had a negative impact on most economies of the Eurozone and global markets and the current ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine could have a negative impact on those countries and others in the region. The occurrence of similar crises in the future could cause increased volatility in the economies and financial markets of countries throughout a region, or even globally.
Current wording
In addition, economic problems in a single country are increasingly affecting other markets and economies. A continuation of this trend could result in problems in one country adversely affecting regional and even global economic conditions and markets. For example, concerns about the fiscal stability and growth prospects of certain European countries in the last economic downturn had a negative impact on most economies of the Eurozone and global markets and the current ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the conflict and escalating tensions in the Middle East could have a negative impact on those countries and others in those regions. The occurrence of similar crises in the future could cause increased volatility in the economies and financial markets of countries throughout a region, or even globally.
Previous wording
Cybersecurity and data protection have become top priorities for regulators around the world. Many jurisdictions in which we, Blackstone and/or its affiliates operate have laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and cybersecurity, including, as examples, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) in the European Union, the U.K. Data Protection Act, and the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”). For example, in February 2022, the SEC proposed rules regarding registered investment advisers' and funds' cybersecurity risk management requiring the adoption and implementation of cybersecurity policies and procedures, enhanced disclosure in regulatory filings and prompt reporting of incidents to the SEC, which, if adopted, could increase our compliance costs and potential regulatory liability related to cybersecurity. Some jurisdictions have also enacted or proposed laws requiring companies to notify individuals and government agencies of data security breaches involving certain types of personal data.
Current wording
Cybersecurity and data protection have become top priorities for regulators around the world. Many jurisdictions in which we, Blackstone and/or its affiliates operate have laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and cybersecurity, including, as examples, the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union, the U.K. Data Protection Act, and the California Privacy Rights Act. For example, in February 2022, the SEC proposed rules regarding registered investment advisers' and funds' cybersecurity risk management requiring the adoption and implementation of cybersecurity policies and procedures, enhanced disclosure in regulatory filings and prompt reporting of incidents to the SEC, which, if adopted, could increase our compliance costs and potential regulatory liability related to cybersecurity. Some jurisdictions have also enacted or proposed laws requiring companies to notify individuals and government agencies of data security breaches involving certain types of personal data.
Previous wording
Under the DSTA Control Share Statute, once a threshold is reached, an acquirer has no voting rights with respect to shares in excess of that threshold (i.e., the“control shares”) until approved by a vote of shareholders, as described above, or otherwise exempted by the Board of Trustees. The DSTA Control Share Statute contains a statutory process for an acquiring person to request a shareholder meeting for the purpose of considering the voting rights to be accorded control shares. An acquiring person must repeat this process at each threshold level.
Current wording
Under the DSTA Control Share Statute, once a threshold is reached, an acquirer has no voting rights with respect to shares in excess of that threshold (i.e., the control shares) until approved by a vote of shareholders, as described above, or otherwise exempted by the Board. The DSTA Control Share Statute contains a statutory process for an acquiring person to request a shareholder meeting for the purpose of considering the voting rights to be accorded control shares. An acquiring person must repeat this process at each threshold level.
Previous wording
The DSTA Control Share Statute permits the Board, through a provision in the Company’s governing documents or by Board action alone, to eliminate the application of the DSTA Control Share Statute to the acquisition of control shares in the Company specifically, generally, or generally by types, as to specifically identified or unidentified existing or future beneficial owners or their affiliates or associates or as to any series or classes of shares. The DSTA Control Share Statute does not provide that the Company can generally “opt out” of the application of the DSTA Control Share Statute; rather, specific acquisitions or classes of acquisitions may be exempted by the Board, either in advance or retroactively, but other aspects of the DSTA Control Share Statute, which are summarized above, would continue to apply. The DSTA Control Share Statute further provides that the Board of Trustees is under no obligation to grant any such exemptions.
Current wording
The DSTA Control Share Statute permits the Board, through a provision in the Company’s governing documents or by Board action alone, to eliminate the application of the DSTA Control Share Statute to the acquisition of control shares in the Company specifically, generally, or generally by types, as to specifically identified or unidentified existing or future beneficial owners or their affiliates or associates or as to any series or classes of shares. The DSTA Control Share Statute does not provide that the Company can generally “opt out” of the application of the DSTA Control Share Statute; rather, specific acquisitions or classes of acquisitions may be exempted by the Board, either in advance or retroactively, but other aspects of the DSTA Control
Previous wording
The foregoing is only a summary of the material terms of the DSTA Control Share Statute. Shareholders should consult their own counsel with respect to the application of the DSTA Control Share Statute to any particular circumstance.
Current wording
The foregoing is only a summary of the material terms of the DSTA Control Share Statute. Shareholders should consult their own counsel with respect to the application of the DSTA Control Share Statute to any particular circumstance. Some uncertainty around the general application under the 1940 Act of state control share statutes exists as a result of recent court decisions which have held that control share acquisition provisions in funds’ governing documents are not consistent with the 1940 Act. Additionally, in some circumstances uncertainty may also exist in how to enforce the control share restrictions contained in state control share statutes against beneficial owners who hold their shares through financial intermediaries.
Previous wording
Our Declaration of Trust contains anti-takeover provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Company or to change the composition of our Board of Trustees. Our Board of Trustees is divided into three classes of trustees serving staggered three-year terms. This provision could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of our Board of Trustees. These provisions could have the effect of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their common shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control over the Company.
Current wording
Our Declaration of Trust contains anti-takeover provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Company or to change the composition of our Board. Our Board is divided into three classes of trustees serving staggered three-year terms. This provision could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of our Board. These provisions could have the effect of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their common shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control over the Company.
Previous wording
Senior Secured Loans and Senior Secured Bonds. There is a risk that any collateral pledged by portfolio companies in which we have taken a security interest may decrease in value over time or lose its entire value, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. Such risks have become more pronounced due to rising interest rates and market volatility. To the extent our debt investment is collateralized by the securities of a portfolio company’s subsidiaries, such securities may lose some or all of their value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the portfolio company. Also, in some circumstances, our security interest may be contractually or structurally subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio company’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the debt. Secured debt that is under-collateralized involves a greater risk of loss. In addition, second lien debt is granted a second priority security interest in collateral, which means that any realization of collateral will generally be applied to pay senior secured debt in full before second lien debt is paid. Similarly, investments in “last out” pieces of unitranche loans will be similar to second lien loans in that such investments will be junior in priority to the “first out” piece of the same unitranche loan with respect to payment of principal, interest and other amounts. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the debt should we be forced to enforce our remedies.
Current wording
Senior Secured Loans and Senior Secured Bonds. There is a risk that any collateral pledged by portfolio companies in which we have taken a security interest may decrease in value over time or lose its entire value, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. Such risks have become more pronounced due to elevated interest rates and market volatility. To the extent our debt investment is collateralized by the securities of a portfolio company’s subsidiaries, such securities may lose some or all of their value in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the portfolio company. Also, in some circumstances, our security interest may be contractually or structurally subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio company’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the debt. Secured debt that is under-collateralized involves a greater risk of loss. In addition, second lien debt is granted a second priority security interest in collateral, which means that any realization of collateral will generally be applied to pay senior secured debt in full before second lien debt is paid. Similarly, investments in “last out” pieces of unitranche loans will be similar to second lien loans in that such investments will be junior in priority to the “first out” piece of the same unitranche loan with respect to payment of principal, interest and other amounts. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the debt’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the debt should we be forced to enforce our remedies.
Previous wording
Mezzanine Loans. Our mezzanine loans generally will be subordinated to senior secured loans on a payment basis, are typically unsecured and rank pari passu with other unsecured creditors. As such, other creditors may rank senior to us in the event of insolvency. This may result in an above average amount of risk and loss of principal. Our mezzanine debt securities generally will have ratings or implied or imputed ratings below investment grade. They will be obligations of corporations, partnerships or other entities that are generally unsecured, typically are subordinated to other obligations of the obligor and generally have greater credit and liquidity risk than is typically associated with investment grade corporate obligations. Accordingly, the risks associated with mezzanine debt securities include a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including a sustained period of rising interest rates or an economic downturn) may adversely affect the obligor’s ability to pay principal and interest on its debt. Many obligors on mezzanine debt securities are highly leveraged, and specific developments affecting such obligors, including reduced cash flow from operations or the inability to refinance debt at maturity, may also adversely affect such obligors’ ability to meet debt service obligations. Mezzanine debt securities are often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations, in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. Default rates for mezzanine debt securities have historically been higher than has been the case for investment grade securities.
Current wording
Mezzanine Loans. Mezzanine debt securities generally will be unrated or have ratings or implied or imputed ratings below investment grade. They will be obligations of corporations, partnerships or other entities that are generally unsecured, typically are subordinated to other obligations of the obligor and generally have greater credit and liquidity risk than is typically associated with investment grade corporate obligations. While mezzanine debt investments and other loans or unsecured investments can benefit from the same or similar covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking more senior to such investments and can benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the issuer’s assets, some or all of such terms might not be part of particular investments (for example, such investments might not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon incurrence of additional indebtedness by the issuer). Accordingly, the risks associated with mezzanine debt securities include a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including a sustained period of elevated interest rates or an economic downturn) could adversely affect the obligor’s ability to pay principal and interest on its debt. Many obligors on mezzanine debt securities are highly leveraged, and specific developments affecting such obligors, including reduced cash flow from operations or the inability to refinance debt at maturity, can also adversely affect such obligors’ ability to meet debt service obligations. Mezzanine debt securities are often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations, in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. Default rates for mezzanine debt securities have historically been higher than has been the case for investment grade securities.
Previous wording
Risk Retention Vehicles. We may invest in CLO debt and equity tranches and warehouse investments directly or indirectly through an investment in U.S. and/or European vehicles (“Risk Retention Vehicles”) established for the purpose of satisfying U.S. and/or E.U. regulations that require eligible risk retainers to purchase and retain specified amounts of the credit risk associated with certain CLOs, which vehicles themselves are invested in CLO securities, warehouse investments and/or senior secured obligations. Risk Retention Vehicles will be structured to satisfy the retention requirements by purchasing and retaining the percentage of CLO notes prescribed under the applicable retention requirements (the“Retention Notes”) and will not include Risk Retention Vehicles that are deemed to be controlled by the Adviser or its affiliates (other than Risk Retention Vehicles we control).
Current wording
Risk Retention Vehicles. We may invest in CLO debt and equity tranches and warehouse investments directly or indirectly through an investment in U.S. and/or European vehicles (“Risk Retention Vehicles”) established for the purpose of satisfying U.S. and/or E.U. regulations applicable to such investments, including regulations that require the retention of credit risk associated with certain CLOs, and other investments. Risk Retention Vehicles will be structured to satisfy such retention requirements by purchasing and retaining the percentage of CLO notes prescribed under applicable retention requirements (the“Retention Notes”)or as otherwise may be required under applicable laws and regulations. For the avoidance of doubt, the term Risk Retention Vehicles does not include vehicles that are deemed to be controlled by the Adviser or its affiliates but does include Risk Retention Vehicles we control.
Previous wording
Indirect investments in CLO equity securities (and in some instances more senior CLO securities) and warehouse investments through entities that have been established to satisfy the U.S. retention requirements and/or the European retention requirements may allow for better economics for us (including through fee rebate arrangements) by creating stronger negotiating positions with CLO managers and underwriting banks who are incentivized to issue CLOs and who require the participation of a Risk Retention Vehicle to enable the CLO securities to be issued. However, Retention Notes differ from other securities of the same ranking since the retention requirements prescribe that such Retention Notes must be held by the relevant risk retainer for a specified period. In the case of European Risk Retention Vehicles, the prescribed holding period is the lifetime of the CLO, and in the case of U.S. Risk Retention Vehicles it is the longer of (x) the period until the CLO has paid down its securities to 33% of their original principal amount, (y) the period until the CLO has sold down its assets to 33% of their original principal amount and (z) two years after the closing of the CLO. In addition, Retention Notes are subject to other restrictions not imposed on other securities of the same ranking; for example, Retention Notes may not be subject to credit risk mitigation, and breach of the retention requirements may result in the imposition of regulatory sanctions or, in the case of the European retention requirements, in claims being brought against the retaining party.
Current wording
Indirect investments in CLO equity securities (and in some instances more senior CLO securities) and warehouse investments through entities that have been established to satisfy the U.S. and/or the E.U. retention requirements may allow for better economics for us (including through fee rebate arrangements). For example, these types of investments may create stronger negotiating positions with CLO managers and underwriting banks who are incentivized to issue CLOs and who require the participation of a Risk Retention Vehicle to enable the CLO securities to be issued. However, Retention Notes differ from other securities of the same ranking since the retention requirements prescribe that such Retention Notes must be held by the relevant risk retainer for a specified period. U.S. retention requirements prescribe the holding period to be the longer of (x) the period until the CLO has paid down its securities to 33% of their original principal amount, (y) the period until the CLO has sold down its assets to 33% of their original principal amount and (z) two years after the closing of the CLO. On the other hand, the E.U. retention requirements prescribe the holding period to be the lifetime of the CLO. In addition, Retention Notes are subject to other restrictions not imposed on other securities of the same ranking; for example, Retention Notes may not be subject to credit risk mitigation. A breach of the retention requirements may result in the imposition of regulatory sanctions or, in the case of the E.U. retention requirements, in claims being brought against the retaining party.
Previous wording
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments and investment opportunities and, accordingly, have a material adverse effect on our investment objectives and our rate of return on invested capital. In addition, an increase in interest rates would make it more expensive to use debt for our financing needs.
Current wording
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our ability to make investments, the value of our investments and our ability to realize gains from the disposition of investments and, accordingly, have a material adverse effect on our investment objectives and our rate of return on invested capital. In addition, an increase in interest rates would make it more expensive to use debt for our financing needs.
Previous wording
A rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates would make it easier for us to meet or exceed the incentive fee hurdle rate and may result in a substantial increase in the amount of incentive fees payable to the Adviser with respect to pre-incentive fee net investment income.
Current wording
A rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, in general, an increase in interest rates would make it easier for us to meet or exceed the incentive fee hurdle rate and may result in a substantial increase in the amount of incentive fees payable to the Adviser with respect to pre-incentive fee net investment income.
Previous wording
Although the Adviser’s consideration of ESG factors is intended to aid the Adviser in evaluating the return and risk profile of a given investment and is not expected to by itself determine an investment decision for us, the Adviser’s consideration of ESG factors could, to the extent material economic risks associated with an investment are identified, cause the Adviser to consider taking action with respect to a company differently than may have been taken in the absence of such consideration, which could cause us to perform differently compared to funds that do not have such considerations. Further, although the Adviser views application of its ESG framework to be an opportunity to potentially enhance or protect the performance of investments over the long-term, the Adviser cannot guarantee that any consideration of ESG factors or engagement with portfolio companies on ESG, which depends in part on skill and qualitative judgments, will positively impact the performance of any individual portfolio company or us.
Current wording
In evaluating potential investments, the Adviser considers opportunities and risk related to material sustainability factors. Although the Adviser’s consideration of sustainability factors is intended to aid the Adviser in evaluating the return and risk profile of a given investment and is not expected to by itself determine an investment decision for us, the Adviser’s consideration of sustainability factors could, to the extent material economic risks or opportunities associated with an investment are identified, cause the Adviser to consider taking a different action than may have been taken in the absence of such consideration, which could cause us to perform differently compared to funds or other investors that do not consider such risks and opportunities. Further, although the Adviser views application of its sustainability framework to be an opportunity to potentially enhance or protect the performance of investments over the long-term, the Adviser cannot guarantee that any consideration of sustainability factors or engagement with portfolio companies on sustainability, which depends in part on skill and qualitative judgments, will positively impact the performance of any individual portfolio company or us.
Previous wording
Investors and other stakeholders have become more focused on understanding how companies address a variety of ESG factors. As they evaluate investment decisions, many investors look not only at company disclosures but also to ESG rating systems that have been developed by third parties to allow ESG comparisons among companies. The criteria used in these ratings systems may conflict and change frequently, and we cannot predict how these third parties will score us, nor can we have any assurance that they score us accurately or other companies accurately or that other companies have provided them with accurate data. If our ESG ratings, disclosures or practices do not meet the standards set by such investors or our shareholders, they may choose not to invest in our shares. Relatedly, we risk damage to our reputation, if we do not, or are perceived to not, act responsibly in a number of areas, such as greenhouse gas emissions, energy management, human rights, community relations, workforce health and safety, and business ethics and transparency. Adverse incidents with respect to ESG matters or negative ESG ratings or assessments by third-party ESG raters could impact the value of our brand, or the cost of our operations and relationships with investors, all of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Current wording
In addition, some investors may evaluate potential investments in part based on third-party environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) rating systems. The criteria used in these ratings systems may conflict and change frequently, and we cannot predict how these third parties will score us, nor can we have any assurance that they score us or other companies accurately. If our ESG ratings, disclosures or practices do not meet the standards set by such investors or our shareholders, they may choose not to invest in our Common Shares. Relatedly, adverse performance or incidents with respect to sustainability matters or negative ESG ratings or assessments could impact the value of our brand, or the cost of our operations and relationships with investors, all of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. At the same time, some stakeholders and regulators have increasingly expressed or pursued opposing views, legislation and investment expectations with respect to sustainability initiatives. This divergence increases the risk that any action or lack thereof with respect to sustainability matters will be perceived negatively by at least some stakeholders and adversely impact our reputation and business.
Previous wording
There is a growing regulatory interest across jurisdictions in improving transparency regarding the definition, measurement and disclosure of ESG factors in order to allow investors to validate and better understand sustainability claims. New regulatory initiatives related to ESG that are applicable to us could adversely affect our business. For example, the SEC has proposed rules that would require additional disclosures about ESG investment practices by investment advisers and certain funds, including BDCs. These changing rules, regulations and stakeholder expectations have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and increased management time and attention spent complying with or meeting such regulations and expectations. If we fail or are perceived to fail to comply with applicable rules, regulations and stakeholder expectations, it could negatively impact our reputation and our business results.
Current wording
Rules, regulations and stakeholder expectations concerning sustainability matters have been subject to increased attention and shifting focus in recent years. Some of these changes have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and increased management time and attention spent complying with or meeting such regulations and expectations. If we fail or are perceived to fail to comply with applicable rules, regulations and stakeholder expectations, it could negatively impact our reputation and our business results.
Previous wording
Certain debt investments that we make to portfolio companies may be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing first priority debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens, then we, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against the company’s remaining assets, if any.
Current wording
Certain debt investments that we make in portfolio companies may be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing first priority debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens, then we, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against the company’s remaining assets, if any.
Previous wording
The risks associated with our and our portfolio companies’ businesses are more severe during periods of economic slowdown or recession. In recent years, we have experienced periods of economic slowdown and in some instances, contraction, as countries and industries around the globe grappled with the short- and long-term economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, elevated inflation, supply chain challenges, labor shortages, high interest rates, foreign currency exchange volatility and volatility in global capital markets.
Current wording
The risks associated with our and our portfolio companies’ businesses are more severe during periods of economic slowdown or recession. In recent years, we have experienced periods of economic slowdown and in some instances, contraction, as countries and industries around the globe grappled with the short- and long-term economic impacts of elevated inflation, supply chain challenges, labor shortages, high interest rates, foreign currency exchange volatility, the COVID-19 pandemic and volatility in global capital markets.
Previous wording
Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of industries. Our portfolio will be considered to be concentrated in a particular industry when 25% or greater of its total assets are invested in issuers that are a part of that industry. A downturn in any industry in which we are invested could significantly impact the aggregate returns we realize. We anticipate that we may concentrate our investments in issuers that are part of the software industry, which currently represent close to 25% of our total assets, as a result of additional investments in the software industry and/or fluctuations in the fair value of our investments in the software industry and other industries.
Current wording
Our portfolio may be concentrated in a limited number of industries. Our portfolio will be considered to be concentrated in a particular industry when 25% or greater of its total assets are invested in issuers that are a part of that industry. A downturn in any industry in which we are invested could significantly impact the aggregate returns we realize. We may concentrate our investments in issuers that are part of the software industry, which currently represent approximately 20% of our total investments at fair value. Such concentration may change as a result of additional investments in, or divestment of investments in, the software industry and/or fluctuations in the fair value of our investments in the software industry and other industries.
Previous wording
We may invest a portion of our portfolio in publicly-traded assets. For example, it is not expected that we will be able to negotiate additional financial covenants or other contractual rights, which we might otherwise be able to obtain in making privately negotiated investments. In addition, by investing in publicly-traded securities or assets, we will be subject to U.S. federal and state securities laws, as well as non-U.S. securities laws, that may, among other things, restrict or prohibit our ability to make or sell an investment. Moreover, we may not have the same access to information in connection with investments in public securities, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as compared to privately negotiated investments. Furthermore, we may be limited in our ability to make investments and to sell existing investments in public securities because the Firm may be deemed to have material, non-public information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies. The inability to sell public securities in these circumstances could materially adversely affect our investment results. In addition, an investment may be sold by us to a public company where the consideration received is a combination of cash and stock of the public company, which may, depending on the securities laws of the relevant jurisdiction, be subject to lock-up periods.
Current wording
We may invest a portion of our portfolio in publicly-traded assets. For example, it is not expected that we will be able to negotiate additional financial covenants or other contractual rights, which we might otherwise be able to obtain in making privately negotiated investments. In addition, by investing in publicly-traded securities or assets, we will be subject to U.S. federal and state securities laws, as well as non-U.S. securities laws, that may, among other things, restrict or prohibit our ability to make or sell an investment. Moreover, we may not have the same access to information in connection with investments in public securities, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as compared to privately negotiated investments. Furthermore, we may be limited in our ability to make investments and to sell existing investments in public securities because the Company may be deemed to have material, non-public information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies. The inability to sell public securities in these circumstances could materially adversely affect our investment results. In addition, an investment may be sold by us to a public company where the consideration received is a combination of cash and stock of the public company, which may, depending on the securities laws of the relevant jurisdiction, be subject to lock-up periods.
Previous wording
We may not have the funds or ability to make additional investments in our portfolio companies or to fund our unfunded debt commitments. After our initial investment in a portfolio company, we may be called upon from time to time to provide additional funds to such company or have the opportunity to increase our investment through the exercise of a warrant to purchase shares. There is no assurance that we will make, or will have sufficient funds to make, follow-on investments. Any decisions not to make a follow-on investment or any inability on our part to make such an investment may have a negative impact on a portfolio company in need of such an investment, may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation or may reduce the expected return on the investment.
Current wording
After our initial investment in a portfolio company, we may be called upon from time to time to provide additional funds to such company or have the opportunity to increase our investment through the exercise of a warrant to purchase shares. There is no assurance that we will make, or will have sufficient funds to make, follow-on investments. Any decisions not to make a follow-on investment or any inability on our part to make such an investment may have a negative impact on a portfolio company in need of such an investment, may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation or may reduce the expected return on the investment.
Previous wording
To the extent that we invest in original issue discount or payment-in-kind (“PIK”) instruments and the accretion of original issue discount or PIK interest income constitutes a portion of our income, we will be exposed to risks associated with the requirement to include such non-cash income in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash, including the following:
Current wording
To the extent that we invest in original issue discount or PIK instruments and the accretion of original issue discount or PIK interest income constitutes a portion of our income, we will be exposed to risks associated with the requirement to include such non-cash income in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash, including the following:
Previous wording
A total return swap (“TRS”) is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in the market value of the assets underlying the TRS, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during a specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate. A TRS effectively adds leverage to a portfolio by providing investment exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Because of the unique structure of a TRS, a TRS often offers lower financing costs than are offered through more traditional borrowing arrangements. The Company would typically have to post collateral to cover this potential obligation. To the extent the Company complied with the applicable requirements of Rule 18f-4, the leverage incurred through TRS will not be considered a borrowing for purposes of the Company’s overall leverage limitation.
Current wording
A TRS is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in the market value of the assets underlying the TRS, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during a specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate. A TRS effectively adds leverage to a portfolio by providing investment exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. Because of the unique structure of a TRS, a TRS often offers lower financing costs than are offered through more traditional borrowing arrangements. The Company would typically have to post collateral to cover this potential obligation. To the extent the Company complies with the applicable requirements of Rule 18f-4, the leverage incurred through TRS will not be considered a borrowing for purposes of the Company’s overall leverage limitation.
Previous wording
Subject to our investment objectives and policies, we may invest in repurchase agreements as a buyer for investment purposes. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by us of debt securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that we will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future for the purchase price plus premium (which often reflects the interests). We do not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation. In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, we could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including (1) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period in which we seek to enforce its rights thereto; (2) possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and (3) expenses of enforcing its rights. In addition, as described above, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, we generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of our right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, we could suffer a loss.
Current wording
Subject to our investment objectives and policies, we may invest in repurchase agreements as a buyer for investment and/or cash management purposes. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by us of debt securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that we will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future. We do not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation. In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, we could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including (1) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period in which we seek to enforce its rights thereto; (2) possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and (3) expenses of enforcing its rights. In addition, as described above, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, we generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of our right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, we could suffer a loss.
Previous wording
Subject to our investment objectives and policies, we invest in repurchase agreements as a seller, also known as a “reverse repurchase agreement.” Our use of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks involved in our use of leverage, as the proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements are generally invested in additional portfolio investments. There is a risk that the market value of the securities acquired from the proceeds received in connection with a reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities underlying the reverse repurchase agreement that we have sold but remain obligated to repurchase. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the counterparty liquidates the securities we delivered to it under the reverse repurchase agreements following the occurrence of an event of default under the applicable repurchase agreement by us. In addition, there is a risk that the market value of the securities we retain may decline. If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement were to file for bankruptcy or experiences insolvency, we may be adversely affected. Furthermore, our counterparty may require us to provide additional margin in the form of cash, securities or other forms of collateral under the terms of the derivative contract. Also, in entering into reverse repurchase agreements, we bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the underlying securities. In addition, the interest costs associated with reverse repurchase agreements transactions, may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, and, in some cases, we may be worse off than if we had not used such instruments.
Current wording
Subject to our investment objectives and policies, we invest in repurchase agreements as a seller, also known as a“reverse repurchase agreement.” Our use of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks involved in our use of leverage, as the proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements are generally invested in additional securities. There is a risk that the market value of the securities acquired in the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities that we have sold but remain obligated to repurchase. In addition, there is a risk that the market value of the securities we retain may decline. If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement were to file for bankruptcy or experiences insolvency, we may be adversely affected. Also, in entering into reverse repurchase agreements, we bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the underlying securities. In addition, due to the interest costs associated with reverse repurchase agreements transactions, the Company’s NAV will decline, and, in some cases, we may be worse off than if we had not used such instruments.
Showing the first 40 of 144 pairs. Open the source sections for the rest.
Rearranged current paragraphs (17)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
There is increasing competition among financial sponsors, investment banks and other investors for hiring and retaining qualified investment professionals, and there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to find qualified investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support our investment process could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
We and our portfolio companies are susceptible to the effects of economic slowdowns or recessions. The global growth cycle is in a mature phase and signs of slowdown are evident in certain regions around the world, although most economists continue to expect moderate economic growth in the near term, with limited signals of an imminent recession in the U.S. as consumer and government spending remain healthy. Periods of elevated inflation and high interest rates, such as those experienced in recent years, can contribute to significant volatility in debt and equity markets. Although generally decelerating, inflation remains above the U.S. Federal Reserve’s target levels. Despite multiple federal fund rate decreases over the course of 2024, interest rates have remained elevated, with the U.S. Federal Reserve indicating in early 2025 an expectation of slower rate decreases moving forward.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Share Statute, which are summarized above, would continue to apply. The DSTA Control Share Statute further provides that the Board is under no obligation to grant any such exemptions.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Secondments and Internships. Certain personnel of Blackstone and its affiliates, including consultants, will, in certain circumstances, be seconded to one or more portfolio companies, vendors and service providers and vendors or shareholders or other investors of the Company and Other Clients to provide finance, accounting, operational support, data services and other similar services, including the sourcing of investments for the Company or other parties. The salaries, benefits, overhead and other similar expenses for such personnel during the secondment could be borne by Blackstone and its affiliates or the organization for which the personnel are working or both (including fees for acquisition and/or transaction services to brokers, consultants (including sustainability consultants) or other finders). In addition, personnel of portfolio companies, vendors, service providers (including law firms and accounting firms) and shareholders or other investors of the Company and Other
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Additionally, and notwithstanding the foregoing, these Senior and Other Advisors, as well as Other Clients could be (or could have the preferred right to be) investors in Blackstone Credit & Insurance’s portfolio companies (which, in some cases, can involve agreements to pay performance fees, or allocate profits interests, to such persons in connection with the Company’s investment therein, which will reduce the Company’s returns) and/or Other Clients. Such Senior and Other Advisors, as well as Other Clients, could also, subject to applicable law, have rights to co-invest with the Company on a side-by-side basis, which rights are generally offered on a no-fee/no-carried interest basis and generally result in the Company being allocated a smaller share of an investment than would otherwise be the case in the absence of such side-by-side participation. Senior and Other Advisors’ benefits described in this paragraph will, in certain circumstances, continue after termination of status as a Senior and Other Advisors. In certain cases, these Senior and Other Advisors will receive intangible and other benefits resulting from their activities on behalf of the Company.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Data Services. Blackstone or an affiliate of Blackstone formed in the future may provide data services to portfolio companies and investors in the Company and in Other Clients and will provide such services directly to the Company and Other Clients (collectively, “Data Holders”). Such services can be expected to include assistance with obtaining, analyzing, curating, processing, packaging, distributing, organizing, mapping, holding, transforming, enhancing, marketing and selling such data
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Subject to applicable law and the conditions of the Company’s co-investment exemptive relief, certain personnel of Blackstone-affiliated service providers may receive a management promote, an incentive fee and other performance-based compensation in respect of investments. Furthermore, subject to applicable law, Blackstone-affiliated service providers can be expected to charge costs and expenses based on allocable overhead associated with non-investment personnel working on relevant matters (including salaries, benefits and other similar expenses).
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Operations Group will remain employed by Blackstone through the life of the Company. The level of involvement and role of Blackstone’s Portfolio Operations Group within each part of Blackstone with respect to any of the Company’s portfolio companies are expected to vary, including having no involvement or role at all. In addition, the Portfolio Operations Group will provide services to the Company’s portfolio companies as described in more detail in “—Firm Affiliated Service Providers,” including facilitation of arrangements for portfolio companies relating to operational, administrative or management related matters from third parties or Firm affiliates, and other similar operational initiatives. These services can result in commissions or similar payments, including related to a portion of the savings achieved by the portfolio companies. See also“—Firm Affiliated Service Providers” for further information regarding such programs.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Such reduction may result in allocation to the Company in an amount less than what it would otherwise have been if such other entities did not participate in such investment opportunity. The co-investment exemptive order also restricts the ability of the Company (or any Other Blackstone Credit & Insurance Client) from investing in any privately negotiated investment opportunity alongside a Regulated Fund except at the same time and on same terms, as described in the exemptive order. As a result, the Company risks being unable to make investments in different parts of the capital structure (e.g., equity investments, debt investments, hybrid securities, etc.) of the same issuer in which a Regulated Fund has invested or seeks to invest. Likewise, Regulated Funds and Other Blackstone Credit & Insurance Clients that are not Regulated Funds risk being unable to make investments in different parts of the capital structure of the same issuer in which the Company has invested or seeks to invest.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Further, the Company may be unable to participate in or effect certain transactions, or take certain actions in respect of certain investments, on account of applicable restrictions under the 1940 Act, related guidance from the SEC and/or the Company’s exemptive order. For example, the Company may be restricted from participating in certain transactions or taking certain actions in respect of portfolio companies in which certain funds managed and controlled by Blackstone Credit & Insurance and its affiliates and/or a Regulated Fund has also invested, which may include, but are not limited to:
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•participating in a potential co-investment opportunity (as such participation may not comply with the conditions of the co-investment exemptive order);
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•declining to participate in follow-on investments.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
The Company may also be required to sell an investment to avoid potential violations of the 1940 Act or for other reasons. In such cases, the Company’s interests in an investment may be adversely affected, including by resulting in the dilution of or decrease in the value of the Company’s investment or in the Company being put in a disadvantageous position with respect to the investment as compared to Other Blackstone Credit & Insurance Clients, including other Regulated Funds. Whether the Company participates or declines to participate in any such action or transaction will be made by the Adviser in its sole discretion, subject to the Adviser’s fiduciary duties and applicable law, including the 1940 Act, and/or the exemptive order. There is no assurance that any such determination will be resolved in favor of the Company’s interests. The rules promulgated by the SEC under the 1940 Act, as well as any related guidance from the SEC and/or the terms of the exemptive order itself, are subject to change. Additionally, Blackstone Credit & Insurance could undertake to amend the exemptive order (subject to SEC approval), obtain additional exemptive relief, or otherwise be subject to other requirements in respect of co-investments involving the Company, any Other Blackstone Credit & Insurance Client and any Regulated Funds, any of which could impact the amount of any allocation made available to Regulated Funds and thereby affect (and potentially decrease) the allocation made available to the Company.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Additionally, investment opportunities sourced by Blackstone Credit & Insurance will be allocated in accordance with Blackstone’s and Blackstone Credit & Insurance’s allocation policies, which provide that investment opportunities will be allocated in whole or in part to other business units of the Firm on a basis that Blackstone and Blackstone Credit & Insurance believe in good faith to be fair and reasonable, based on various factors, including the involvement of the respective teams from Blackstone Credit & Insurance and such other business units. It should also be noted that investment opportunities sourced by business units of the Firm other than Blackstone Credit & Insurance will, subject to applicable law and the terms of the Company’s co-investment exemptive relief, be allocated in accordance with such business units’ allocation policies, which will result in such investment opportunities being allocated, in whole or in part, away from Blackstone Credit & Insurance, the Company and Other Blackstone Credit & Insurance Clients.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Company receiving a lesser percentage of an investment opportunity than if such co-investment vehicles did not exist. Such relationships will from time to time give rise to conflicts of interest, and there can be no assurance that such conflicts of interest will be resolved in favor of the Company. Accordingly, any investment opportunities that would have otherwise been offered or allocated, in whole or in part, to the Company can be reduced and made available to co-investment vehicles. Co-investments may be offered by the Adviser on such terms and conditions as the Adviser determines in its discretion on a case-by-case basis.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Securities and Lending Activities. Blackstone, its affiliates and their related parties and personnel will from time to time participate in underwriting or lending syndicates with respect to current or potential portfolio companies, or will otherwise act as arrangers of financing, including with respect to the public offering and/or private placement of debt or equity securities issued by, or loan proceeds borrowed by the Company and its portfolio companies, or otherwise in arranging financing (including loans) for such portfolio companies or advise on such transactions. Such underwritings or engagements can be on a firm commitment basis or can be on an uncommitted “best efforts” basis, and the underwriting or financing parties are under no duty to provide any commitment unless specifically set forth in the relevant contract. Blackstone may also provide placement or other similar services to purchasers or sellers of securities, including loans or instruments issued by portfolio companies. There could also be circumstances in which the Company commits to purchase any portion of such issuance from the portfolio company that a Blackstone broker-dealer intends to syndicate to third parties. As a result thereof, subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act, Blackstone may be permitted to receive commissions or other compensation, thereby creating a potential conflict of interest. This could include, by way of example, fees and/ or commissions for equity syndications to co-investment vehicles.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
b. Blackstone Capital Markets. Blackstone Capital Markets Group is a Blackstone affiliate that Blackstone, the Company and its portfolio companies, Other Clients and their portfolio companies, and third parties will, in certain circumstances, engage for debt and equity financings and to provide other investment banking, brokerage, investment advisory or other services.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (2)
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
Advisors could have conflicts of interest between their work for the Company and its portfolio companies, on the one hand, and themselves or other clients, on the other hand, and Blackstone Credit & Insurance is limited in its ability to monitor and mitigate these conflicts. Blackstone Credit & Insurance expects, where applicable, to allocate the costs of such Senior and Other Advisors to the Company and/or applicable portfolio companies, and to the extent any such costs are allocated to the Company, they would be treated as Company Expenses. Payments or allocations to Senior and Other Advisors will not be reduced by the management fee, and can be expected to increase the overall costs and expenses borne indirectly by investors in the Company. There can be no assurance that any of the Senior and Other Advisors, to the extent engaged, will continue to serve in such roles and/or continue their arrangements with Blackstone Credit & Insurance, the Company and/or any portfolio companies for the duration of the relevant investments or throughout the term of the Company. Additionally, from time to time, Senior and Other Advisors provide services on behalf of both the Company and Other Clients, and any work performed by Senior and Other Advisors retained on behalf of the Company could benefit the Other Clients (and alternatively, work performed by Senior and Other Advisors on behalf of Other Clients could benefit the Company), and Blackstone Credit & Insurance shall have no obligation to allocate any portion of the costs to be borne by the Company in respect of such Senior and Other Advisors to the Other Clients, except as described below.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
It is possible that shareholders, Other Clients, their portfolio companies, co-investors and other parties with material relationships with the Firm, such as shareholders of and lenders to the Firm and lenders to Other Clients and their portfolio companies (as well as Blackstone itself), could provide additional financing to portfolio companies of the Company, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act. The Firm could have incentives to cause the Company and its portfolio companies to accept less favorable financing terms from a shareholder, Other Clients, their portfolio companies, Blackstone, and other parties with material relationships with the Firm than it would from a third party. If the Company occupies a different, and in particular, a more senior, position in the capital structure than a shareholder, Other Client, their portfolio companies and other parties with material relationships with Blackstone, Blackstone could have an incentive to cause the Company or portfolio company to offer financing terms that are more favorable to such parties. In the case of a related party financing between the Company or its portfolio companies, on the one hand, and Blackstone or Other Clients’ portfolio companies, on the other hand, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the Adviser could, but is not obligated to, rely on a third party agent to confirm the terms offered by the counterparty are consistent with market terms, or the Adviser could instead rely on its own internal analysis, which the