Alpha Metallurgical Resources, Inc.

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A period of sustained low demand for metallurgical coal (or “met coal”) by U.S. and foreign customers and the potential for negative trade impacts resulting from changing and unpredictable tariff policies could reduce the price of our coal, which would reduce our revenues.

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Alpha produces coal that is sold directly to both U.S. and foreign customers and indirectly to foreign customers through U.S.-based companies. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, coal export revenues accounted for approximately 73% and 78% of our coal revenues, respectively.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, met coal accounted for approximately 96% and 97% of our coal revenues, respectively. Any deterioration in conditions in the U.S. or foreign steel industries, including the demand for steel and the continued financial viability of the industry, could reduce the demand for our met coal and could impact the collectability of our accounts receivable from U.S. or foreign steel industry customers.

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The demand for foreign-produced steel both in foreign markets and in the U.S. market also depends substantially on other factors such as tariff rates on steel. For example, in March 2025, President Trump implemented 25% tariffs, in addition to any existing special rates, on steel and aluminum pursuant to Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. These tariffs, which were subsequently increased to 50% for most countries of origin on June 3, 2025, may lead to generally higher rates of steel production in the U.S. and therefore greater domestic demand for met coal. However, Alpha’s export customers include foreign steel producers who may be markedly affected by these and similar tariffs to the extent their imports into the U.S. are curtailed as a result of tariffs. Retaliatory tariffs by foreign nations have already limited international trade and may adversely impact global economic conditions. Additional or augmented tariffs proposed and enacted under the Trump administration could in turn provoke additional retaliatory tariffs.

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Further, as noted by the Federal Reserve’s April 2025 Beige Book, “uncertainty around international trade policy was pervasive” in early 2025, and in many sectors companies have, because of “on-again, off-again tariffs,” delayed capital expenditures and expressed concern regarding increasing inflationary pressures and the health of the U.S. and world economies generally. In the May 2025 Beige Book, the analysis of one survey of U.S. manufacturers noted that “more than 60 percent expect decreased profit margins this year as a result of higher tariffs, 44 percent expect lower capital spending, and 29 percent expect a drop in production.” Alpha’s ability to plan for future economic conditions is similarly limited by unpredictably evolving trade policies, and this limitation could negatively affect our future operating results.

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In addition, the steel industry’s demand for met coal is affected by a number of factors, including the variable nature of that industry’s business, technological developments in the steel-making process and the availability of substitutes for steel, such as aluminum, composites and plastics. The U.S. steel industry increasingly relies on processes to make steel that do not use coke, such as electric arc furnaces or pulverized coal processes. As this trend continues, the amount of met coal that we sell and the prices that we receive for it in the U.S. could decrease, thereby reducing our revenues and adversely impacting our earnings and the value of our coal reserves. Lower demand for met coal in international markets for any reason would reduce the amount of met coal that we sell and the prices that we receive for it, thereby reducing our revenues and adversely impacting our earnings and the value of our coal reserves. Foreign government policies related to coal production and consumption could also negatively impact pricing and demand for our products.