Invitation Homes Inc.

Previous wording

Invitation Homes is a leading owner and operator of single-family homes for lease, offering residents high-quality homes in sought-after neighborhoods across the United States. As of December 31, 2024, we wholly own 85,138 homes for lease, jointly own 7,622 homes for lease, and provide professional third-party property and asset management services for an additional 17,678 homes, all of which are primarily located in 16 core markets across the country. These homes help meet the needs of a growing share of Americans who prefer the ease of a leasing lifestyle over the burden of owning a home. We provide our residents access to updated homes with features they value, as well as close proximity to jobs and access to good schools. The continued demand for our product proves that the choice and flexibility we offer are attractive to many people.

Current wording

Invitation Homes is a leading owner and operator of single-family homes for lease, offering residents high-quality homes in sought-after neighborhoods across the United States. As of December 31, 2025, we wholly own 86,192 homes for lease, jointly own 8,006 homes for lease, and provide professional third-party property and asset management services for an additional 15,866 homes, all of which are primarily located in 16 core markets across the country. These homes help meet the needs of a growing share of Americans who count on the ease, flexibility, and savings of leasing. We provide our residents access to updated homes with features they value, as well as close proximity to jobs and good schools. The continued demand for our product proves that the choice and flexibility we offer are attractive to many people.

Previous wording

At Invitation Homes, we are committed to creating a better way to live and to being a force for positive change, while at the same time advancing efforts that make our company more innovative and our processes more sustainable. Sustainability is an important part of our strategic business objectives and is critical to our long-term success.

Current wording

At Invitation Homes, we are committed to creating a better way to live and to being a force for positive change, which is underscored by our company purpose to Unlock the Power of Home™. Our Genuine CARE™ values serve as the foundation for our work, and the underlying principles of clear communication, integrity, responsibility, innovation, adaptability, and a welcoming workplace are designed to create an authentic experience for our residents, shareholders, and associates. We also work to advance sustainability, which is an important part of our strategic business objectives and is critical to our long-term success.

Previous wording

Our commitment to high-touch customer service continuously enhances residents’ living experiences and provides homes where individuals and families can thrive. Each aspect of our operations — whether in our corporate headquarters or field offices located in our 16 core markets — is driven by a resident-centric model. Our associates take our values seriously and work hard every day to honor the trust our residents have placed in us to provide clean, safe, and functional homes for them and their loved ones. In turn, we focus on ensuring that our associates are fairly compensated and that we provide a culture that values respect, opportunity, and belonging. We also place a strong emphasis on the impact we have in our communities and to the environment in general, and we continue to develop programs that demonstrate those commitments. In addition, we ensure that we operate under strong, well-defined governance practices and adhere to the highest ethical standards at all times.

Current wording

Our commitment to high-touch customer service continuously enhances residents’ living experiences and provides an environment where individuals and families can thrive. Many of our residents are first responders, healthcare workers, teachers, and other essential members of their communities, people who dedicate themselves to serving others every day. We are honored to serve them in return, and we work hard to ensure they come home to a place of comfort and security. Each aspect of our operations — whether in our corporate headquarters or field offices located in our 16 core markets — is driven by a resident-centric model. Our associates take our values seriously and work hard every day to honor the trust our residents have placed in us to provide clean, safe, and functional homes for them and their loved ones. In turn, we focus on ensuring that our associates are fairly compensated and that we provide a culture that values respect, opportunity, and belonging. We also place a strong emphasis on the impact we have in our communities and on the environment in general, and we continue to support programs that demonstrate those commitments. In addition, we operate under strong, well-defined governance practices and are dedicated to adhering to the highest ethical standards at all times.

Previous wording

General economic conditions in the United States have fluctuated in recent quarters, and concerns persist regarding adverse macroeconomic conditions, such as inflation, elevated interest rates, political dissension, and labor shortfalls. Such macroeconomic factors coupled with uncertainty in financial markets, and a general decline in business activity and/or consumer confidence could adversely affect (i) our occupancy levels, our rental rates, and collections, (ii) our ability to acquire or dispose of properties on economically favorable terms, (iii) our access to financial markets on attractive terms, or at all, and (iv) the value of our homes and our business that could cause us to recognize impairments in value of our tangible assets or goodwill. Inflationary pressures, bank failures, and other unfavorable global and regional economic conditions, as well as geopolitical events, may also negatively impact consumer income, credit availability, interest rates, and spending, among other factors, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations, including the ability of our residents to pay rent. These factors, which include labor shortages and inflationary increases in labor and material costs, have impacted and may continue to impact certain aspects of our business. In addition, consumer confidence and spending can be materially adversely affected in response to changes in fiscal and monetary policy, declines in income or asset values, and other macroeconomic factors.

Current wording

General economic conditions in the United States have continued to fluctuate in recent quarters. While inflationary pressures have moderated from prior peaks, they remain elevated, and interest rates remain subject to volatility and uncertainty. These factors, together with ongoing uncertainty in financial and capital markets, geopolitical tensions, evolving trade and tariff policies, labor market conditions, and a general decline in consumer confidence could adversely affect (i) our occupancy levels, rental rates, and collections, (ii) our ability to acquire or dispose of properties on economically favorable terms, (iii) our access to financial markets on attractive terms, or at all, and (iv) the value of our homes and our business that could cause us to recognize impairments in the value of our tangible assets or goodwill. Such macroeconomic conditions, and geopolitical events, may also negatively impact consumer income, credit availability, and spending, which may adversely impact our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations, including the ability of our residents to pay rent. In addition, consumer confidence and spending may decline in response to changes in fiscal and monetary policy, reductions in income or asset values, and other macroeconomic factors. Labor shortages and inflationary increases in labor and material costs have impacted and may continue to impact certain aspects of our business. Imposition or increase of tariffs and trade restrictions by the United States on imports from certain countries and counter-tariffs in response could lead to increased costs and supply chain disruptions. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations, as well as on the price of our common stock.

Previous wording

Potential consequences of global climate change may range from more frequent extreme weather events to governmental policy developments and shifts in consumer preferences, which have the potential individually or collectively to disrupt our business as well as negatively affect our suppliers, contractors, and residents. Experiencing or addressing the various physical, regulatory, and transition risks from climate change may significantly reduce our revenues and profitability or cause us to generate losses. We are subject to evolving laws and regulations relating to climate change, promulgated by governmental and regulatory organizations, including regulations aimed at drastically increasing reporting and governance related to climate change as well as focused on limiting GHG emissions and the implementation of “green” building codes. In March 2024, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11275, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. This rule will require registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports. In April 2024, the SEC issued an order voluntarily staying the effectiveness of the new rules pending the completion of judicial review of certain legal challenges to their validity. On February 11, 2025, SEC Acting Chairman Mark T. Uyeda released a public statement and notified the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (where the challenges are consolidated) to hold off scheduling the case for argument to provide time for the SEC to further deliberate and determine next steps. Therefore, the timing of the effectiveness of these disclosure requirements is uncertain. We are currently assessing the effect of new rules on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Additionally, the State of California recently passed the Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act and the Climate-Related Financial Risk Act that will impose broad climate-related disclosure obligations on certain companies doing business in California, including us, starting in 2026, though the Governor of California has directed further consideration of the implementation deadlines for each of the laws. Both laws have been challenged in federal court. Unless legal challenges to the foregoing new rules prevail or they are otherwise modified prior to effective dates or the effective dates are delayed, we will become subject to the rules as adopted, and they could significantly increase compliance burdens and associated regulatory costs and complexity. Disclosure obligations relating to sustainability matters are complex and not always consistent, making compliance difficult and uncertain.

Current wording

Potential consequences of global climate change may range from more frequent extreme weather events to governmental policy developments and shifts in consumer preferences, which have the potential individually or collectively to disrupt our business as well as negatively affect our suppliers, contractors, and residents. Physical, regulatory, and transition risks from climate change may significantly reduce our revenues and profitability or cause us to generate losses. We are subject to evolving laws and regulations relating to climate change, including regulations aimed at drastically increasing reporting and governance related to climate change as well as focused on limiting greenhouse gas emissions.

Previous wording

Evolving laws and regulations or any changed interpretation of such laws and regulations may require us to make costly improvements to our existing properties beyond our current plans to decrease the impact of our homes on the environment, resulting in increased operating costs. Incorporating greater resource efficiency into our homes, whether to comply with upgraded building codes or recommended practices given a region’s particular exposure to climate conditions or undertaken to satisfy demand from increasingly environmentally conscious residents or to meet our own sustainability goals, could raise our costs to maintain our homes. In evaluating whether to implement voluntary improvements, we also consider that choosing not to enhance our homes’ resource efficiency can make them less attractive to municipalities and increase the vulnerability of residents in our communities to rising energy and water expenses and use restrictions. Additionally, choosing not to enhance our homes’ resource efficiency could make our portfolio less attractive to residents and investors. If we fail to manage transition risks effectively, our profitability and cash flow could suffer.

Current wording

Evolving laws and regulations or any changed interpretation of such laws and regulations may require us to make costly improvements to our properties resulting in increased operating costs and compliance burdens. Choosing not to enhance our homes’ resource efficiency could make our portfolio less attractive to residents and investors. If we fail to manage transition risks effectively, our profitability and cash flow could suffer.

Previous wording

We recognize that climate change could have a significant impact on our portfolio of homes located in a variety of markets across the United States and that an increase in the number of acute weather events, natural disasters, and other climate-related events could significantly impact our business, operations, and homes. We actively consider physical risks such as the potential for natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, and wildfires when assessing our portfolio of homes and our business processes. Such extreme climate related events are driving changes in market dynamics and stakeholder expectations and could result in disruptions to us, our suppliers, vendors, and residents. We recognize that we must continue to adapt our policies, objectives, and processes to prepare for such events and improve the resiliency of our physical properties and our business.

Current wording

We recognize that climate change could have a significant impact on our portfolio of homes and that an increase in the number of acute weather events, natural disasters, and other climate-related events could significantly impact our business, operations, and homes. We consider physical risks, including the potential for natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires, when assessing our portfolio of homes and our business processes.

Previous wording

Our management and the board of directors are focused on managing our business risks, including climate change-related risks. The process to identify, manage, and integrate climate-change risk is part of our comprehensive enterprise risk management program. Our board of directors, through its Audit Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, is responsible for oversight of our management of risks related to environmental issues, climate related risks, and social issues. Our executive leadership regularly reports to the board of directors and the relevant committees on these risk areas and our initiatives for managing and mitigating these risks. By taking a proactive approach to climate-related risk, we aim to remain well-prepared for various climate scenarios, supporting our commitment to transparency and effective risk management. For more information on risks related to climate change, see Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Sustainability, Corporate Responsibility, and Governance —Climate change and related environmental issues, related legislative and regulatory responses to climate change, and the transition to a lower-carbon economy may adversely affect our business, —We are subject to risks from natural disasters such as earthquakes, wildfires, and severe weather, and —We are subject to increasing scrutiny from investors and others regarding our sustainability responsibilities, which could result in additional costs or risks and adversely impact our reputation, associate attraction and retention, and ability to raise capital.”

Current wording

Our management and the board of directors are focused on managing our business risks, including climate change-related risks. The process to identify, manage, and integrate climate-change risk is part of our comprehensive enterprise risk management program. Our board of directors, through its Audit Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, is responsible for oversight of our management of risks related to environmental issues, climate related risks, and social issues. For more information on risks related to climate change, see Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Sustainability, Corporate Responsibility, and Governance —Climate change and related environmental issues, related legislative and regulatory responses to climate change, and the transition to a lower-carbon economy may adversely affect our business, —We are subject to risks from natural disasters such as earthquakes, wildfires, and severe weather, and —We are subject to increasing scrutiny from investors and others regarding our sustainability responsibilities, which could result in additional costs or risks and adversely impact our reputation, associate attraction and retention, and ability to raise capital.”

Previous wording

In January 2023, we received an inquiry from the staff of the SEC requesting information relating to our compliance with building codes and permitting requirements, related policies and procedures, and other matters. We are in the process of responding to, and cooperating with, this request. We cannot currently predict the timing, outcome, or scope of this inquiry.

Current wording

In January 2023, we received an inquiry from the staff of the SEC requesting information relating to our compliance with building codes and permitting requirements, related policies and procedures, and other matters. In December 2025, the SEC notified us that it had concluded this inquiry and did not intend to recommend any enforcement action.

Previous wording

Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. See Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for more information regarding factors that could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Key factors that impact our results of operations and financial condition include market fundamentals, rental rates and occupancy levels, collection rates, turnover rates and days to re-resident homes, property improvements and maintenance, property acquisitions and renovations, and financing arrangements. Sensitivity to many of these factors has been heightened as a result of current macroeconomic conditions, including elevated interest rates, political dissension, and labor shortfalls. Additionally, each of these factors may also impact the results of operations and financial condition of our joint venture investments and those of third parties for whom we perform property and asset management services, which would impact the amount of management fee revenues and income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures that we earn.

Current wording

Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. See Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for more information regarding factors that could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Key factors that impact our results of operations and financial condition include market fundamentals, rental rates and occupancy levels, collection rates, turnover rates and days to re-resident homes, property improvements and maintenance, property acquisitions and renovations, and financing arrangements. Sensitivity to many of these factors has been heightened as a result of current macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, interest rate volatility, political dissension, labor market conditions, evolving regulatory landscape affecting institutional ownership and acquisition of single-family rental properties, and adverse global economic conditions. Additionally, each of these factors may also impact the results of operations and financial condition of our joint venture investments and those of third parties for whom we perform property and asset management services, which would impact the amount of management fee revenues and income (losses) from investments in unconsolidated joint ventures that we earn.

Previous wording

Market Fundamentals: Our results are impacted by housing market fundamentals and supply and demand conditions in our markets, particularly in the Western United States and Florida, which represented 72.1% of our rental revenues and other property income during the year ended December 31, 2024. We actively monitor the impact of macroeconomic conditions on market fundamentals and quickly implement changes in pricing as market fundamentals shift.

Current wording

Market Fundamentals: Our results are impacted by housing market fundamentals and supply and demand conditions in our markets, particularly in the Western United States and Florida, which represented 71.2% of our rental revenues and other property income during the year ended December 31, 2025. We actively monitor the impact of macroeconomic conditions on market fundamentals and quickly implement changes in pricing as market fundamentals shift.

Previous wording

Turnover Rates and Days to Re-Resident: Other drivers of rental revenues and property operating and maintenance expense include the length of stay of our residents, resident turnover rates, and the number of days a home is unoccupied between residents. Our operating results are also impacted by the amount of time it takes to market and lease a property, which is a component of the number of days a home is unoccupied between residents. The period of time to market and lease a property can vary greatly and is impacted by local demand, our marketing techniques, the size of our available inventory, the ability of our suppliers and other business partners to carry out their assigned tasks and/or source labor or supply materials at ordinary levels of performance relative to the conduct of our business, and both current economic conditions and future economic outlook, including the impact of elevated interest rates, political dissension, and labor shortfalls which could adversely affect demand for our properties.

Current wording

Turnover Rates and Days to Re-Resident: Other drivers of rental revenues and property operating and maintenance expense include the length of stay of our residents, resident turnover rates, and the number of days a home is unoccupied between residents. Our operating results are also impacted by the amount of time it takes to market and lease a property, which is a component of the number of days a home is unoccupied between residents. The period of time to market and lease a property can vary greatly and is impacted by local demand, our marketing techniques, the size of our available inventory, the ability of our suppliers and other business partners to carry out their assigned tasks and/or source labor or supply materials at ordinary levels of performance relative to the conduct of our business, and both current economic conditions and future economic outlook, including the impact of inflation, elevated interest rates, political dissension, and labor shortfalls which could adversely affect demand for our properties.

Previous wording

Property Improvements and Maintenance: Property improvements and maintenance impact capital expenditures, property operating and maintenance expense, and rental revenues. We actively manage our homes on a total portfolio basis to determine what capital and maintenance needs may be required and what opportunities we may have to generate additional revenues or expense savings from such expenditures. As a result of recent inflationary trends, we have experienced, and expect to continue to incur, increased costs for certain materials and services necessary to improve and maintain our homes. We continue to actively manage the impact of inflation on these costs, and we believe we are able to purchase goods and services at favorable prices compared to other purchasers due to our size and scale both nationally and locally.

Current wording

Property Improvements and Maintenance: Property improvements and maintenance impact capital expenditures, property operating and maintenance expense, and rental revenues. We actively manage our homes on a total portfolio basis to determine what capital and maintenance needs may be required and what opportunities we may have to generate additional revenues or expense savings from such expenditures. As a result of inflationary trends and/or imposition of or increases in tariffs, we may experience, as we have in the past, increased costs for certain materials and services necessary to improve and maintain our homes. We continue to actively manage the impact of these factors on these costs, and we believe we are able to purchase goods and services at favorable prices compared to other purchasers due to our size and scale both nationally and locally.

Previous wording

Property Acquisitions and Renovations: Future growth in rental revenues and other property income may be impacted by our ability to identify and acquire homes, our pace of property acquisitions, and the time and cost required to renovate and lease a newly acquired home. Our ability to identify and acquire single-family homes that meet our investment criteria is impacted by home prices in targeted acquisition locations, the inventory of homes available for sale through our acquisition channels, and competition for our target assets. All of these factors may be negatively impacted by current inflationary trends and elevated interest rates, potentially reducing the number of homes we acquire.

Current wording

Property Development, Acquisitions, and Renovations: Future growth in rental revenues and other property income may be impacted by our ability to and the pace at which we identify and build or acquire homes and the time and cost required to renovate and lease those homes. We are also developing build-to-rent homes through third-party homebuilders and our ResiBuilt business, acquired in January 2026. Opportunities from these new construction channels are impacted by the availability of vacant developed lots, development land assets, and inventory of homes currently under construction or newly developed. Our ability to identify and acquire single-family homes that meet our investment criteria is impacted by home prices in targeted acquisition locations, the inventory of homes available for sale through our acquisition channels, and competition for our target assets. All of these factors may be negatively impacted by current inflationary trends and elevated interest rates, potentially reducing the number of homes we acquire. The evolving regulatory landscape affecting institutional ownership and acquisition of single-family rental properties could also limit our ability to acquire additional homes.

Previous wording

The acquisition of homes involves expenditures in addition to payment of the purchase price, including payments for acquisition fees, property inspections, closing costs, title insurance, transfer taxes, recording fees, broker commissions, property taxes, and HOA fees (when applicable). Additionally, we incur costs to renovate a home to prepare it for rental. The scope of renovation work varies, but may include paint, flooring, carpeting, cabinetry, appliances, plumbing hardware, roof replacement, HVAC replacement, and other items required to prepare the home for rental. The time and cost involved in accessing our homes and preparing them for rental can significantly impact our financial performance. The time to renovate a newly acquired property can vary significantly among homes for several reasons, including the property’s acquisition channel, the condition of the property, whether the property was vacant when acquired, and whether there are any state or local restrictions on our ability to complete renovations as an essential business function. Additionally, the ability of our suppliers and other business partners to carry out their assigned tasks and/or source labor or supply materials at ordinary levels of performance relative to the conduct of our business have increased the time required to renovate our homes. As a result of recent inflationary trends, we have experienced, and expect to continue to incur, increased costs for certain materials and services necessary to renovate our homes. We continue to actively manage the impact of inflation on the cost of renovations, and we believe we are able to purchase goods and services at favorable prices compared to other purchasers due to our size and scale both nationally and locally.

Current wording

The acquisition of homes involves expenditures in addition to payment of the purchase price, including payments for acquisition fees, property inspections, closing costs, title insurance, transfer taxes, recording fees, broker commissions, property taxes, and HOA fees (when applicable). Additionally, we incur costs to renovate acquired homes to prepare them for rent. The time and cost involved in preparing acquired homes for rent can significantly impact our financial performance. As a result of inflationary trends and/or imposition of or increases in tariffs, we may experience, as we have in the past, increased costs for certain materials and services necessary to renovate our homes. We continue to actively manage the cost of renovations, and we believe we are able to purchase goods and services at favorable prices compared to other purchasers due to our size and scale both nationally and locally.

Previous wording

Macroeconomics Conditions: Inflation, elevated interest rates, political dissension, and adverse global economic conditions could negatively affect our business and financial condition. Mandated and proposed tariffs to be imposed by the United States on imports from certain countries and potential counter-tariffs in response could lead to increased costs and supply chain disruptions. If we are not able to navigate any such changes, they could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations, as well as on the price of our common stock.

Current wording

Macroeconomics Conditions: Inflation, interest rate volatility, political dissension, labor market conditions, the evolving regulatory landscape affecting institutional ownership and acquisition of single-family rental properties, and adverse global economic conditions could negatively affect our business and financial condition. Imposition of, increases in, and changing policies around tariffs by the United States on imports from certain countries and potential counter-tariffs in response could lead to increased costs and supply chain disruptions. If we are not able to navigate any such changes, they could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations, as well as on the price of our common stock.

Previous wording

Other property income is comprised of: (i) resident reimbursements for utilities, HOA fines, and other charge-backs; (ii) rent and non-refundable deposits associated with pets; (iii) revenues from value-add services such as smart homes, internet and media packages, home liability insurance, and HVAC replacement filters; and (iv) various other fees, including late fees and lease termination fees, among others.

Current wording

Other property income is comprised of: (i) resident reimbursements for utilities, HOA fines, and other charge-backs; (ii) revenues from value-add services such as smart homes, internet and media packages, home liability insurance, and HVAC replacement filters; (iii) various other fees, including late fees and lease termination fees, among others; and (iv) rent and non-refundable deposits associated with pets.

Previous wording

Casualty losses, impairment, and other represents provisions for impairment when the carrying amount of our single-family residential properties is not recoverable and casualty (gains) losses, net of any insurance recoveries.

Current wording

Casualty losses, impairment, and other represents casualty (gains) losses, net of any insurance recoveries, and provisions for impairment when the carrying amount of our single-family residential properties is not recoverable.

Previous wording

Other, net includes settlement and other costs related to certain litigation and regulatory matters, interest income, and other miscellaneous income and expenses.

Current wording

Other, net includes settlement and other costs related to certain litigation and regulatory matters, interest income, gains (losses) resulting from investments in equity securities, and other miscellaneous income and expenses.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we owned 85,138 and 84,567 single-family rental homes, respectively, in our total portfolio. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we acquired 2,072 and 2,877 homes, respectively, and sold 1,501 and 1,423 homes, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we owned an average of 84,718 and 83,722 single-family rental homes, respectively.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we owned 86,192 and 85,138 single-family rental homes, respectively, in our total portfolio. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we acquired 2,410 and 2,072 homes, respectively, and sold 1,356 and 1,501 homes, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we owned an average of 85,717 and 84,718 single-family rental homes, respectively.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, our Same Store portfolio consisted of 76,601 single-family rental homes.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, our Same Store portfolio consisted of 76,819 single-family rental homes.

Previous wording

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, total revenues were $2,618.9 million and $2,432.3 million, respectively. Set forth below is a discussion of changes in the individual components of total revenues.

Current wording

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, total revenues were $2,729.3 million and $2,618.9 million, respectively. Set forth below is a discussion of changes in the individual components of total revenues.

Previous wording

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, total portfolio rental revenues and other property income totaled $2,549.0 million and $2,418.6 million, respectively, an increase of 5.4%, driven by an increase in average monthly rent per occupied home and a 996 home increase between periods in the average number of homes owned, partially offset by a 80 bps reduction in average occupancy.

Current wording

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, total portfolio rental revenues and other property income totaled $2,642.0 million and $2,549.0 million, respectively, an increase of 3.6%, driven by an increase in average monthly rent per occupied home and a 999 home increase between periods in the average number of homes owned, partially offset by an 80 bps reduction in average occupancy.

Previous wording

Average occupancy for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 for the total portfolio was 95.8% and 96.6%, respectively. Average monthly rent per occupied home for the total portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2,387 and $2,303, respectively, a 3.6% increase. For our Same Store portfolio, average occupancy was 97.3% and 97.4% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and average monthly rent per occupied home for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2,392 and $2,303, respectively, a 3.9% increase.

Current wording

Average occupancy for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 for the total portfolio was 95.0% and 95.8%, respectively. Average monthly rent per occupied home for the total portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $2,439 and $2,387, respectively, a 2.2% increase. For our Same Store portfolio, average occupancy was 96.8% and 97.3% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and average monthly rent per occupied home for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $2,450 and $2,386, respectively, a 2.7% increase.

Previous wording

The annual turnover rate for the Same Store portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was 22.6% and 24.3%, respectively. For the Same Store portfolio, a home remained unoccupied on average for 40 and 38 days between residents for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Current wording

The annual turnover rate for the Same Store portfolio was 22.8% for each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. For the Same Store portfolio, a home remained unoccupied on average for 47 and 40 days between residents for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

Renewal lease net effective rental rate growth for the total portfolio averaged 4.9% and 6.9% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and new lease net effective rental rate growth for the total portfolio averaged 1.0% and 4.0% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For our Same Store portfolio, renewal lease net effective rental rate growth averaged 4.9% and 6.9% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and new lease net effective rental rate growth averaged 1.0% and 4.0% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Current wording

Renewal lease net effective rental rate growth for the total portfolio averaged 4.6% and 4.9% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and new lease net effective rental rate growth for the total portfolio averaged (0.8)% and 1.0% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For our Same Store portfolio, renewal lease net effective rental rate growth averaged 4.6% and 4.9% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and new lease net effective rental rate growth averaged (0.6)% and 0.9% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

Other property income for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased compared to December 31, 2023, primarily due to enhanced value-add revenue programs and increased utility billbacks as new leases are entered into, among other things.

Current wording

Other property income for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to enhanced value-add revenue programs and increased utility recoveries as new leases are entered into, among other things.

Previous wording

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, management fee revenues totaled $70.0 million and $13.6 million, respectively. The increase is due to an increase in the number of homes for which we provide property and asset management services. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we provided property and asset management services for 25,300 and 3,848 homes, respectively, of which 7,622 and 3,848 homes, respectively, were owned by our unconsolidated joint ventures.

Current wording

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, management fee revenues totaled $87.3 million and $70.0 million, respectively. The 24.8% increase is primarily due to an increase in the average number of homes for which we provide property and asset management services from 20,971 homes for the year ended December 31, 2024 to 24,521 homes for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Previous wording

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, total expenses were $2,326.7 million and $2,074.8 million, respectively. Set forth below is a discussion of changes in the individual components of total expenses.

Current wording

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, total expenses were $2,341.7 million and $2,326.7 million, respectively. Set forth below is a discussion of changes in the individual components of total expenses.

Previous wording

For the year ended December 31, 2024, property operating and maintenance expense increased to $935.3 million from $880.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition to a 996 home increase between periods in the average number of homes owned, increases in property taxes, utilities, and property maintenance, resulted in the overall 6.2% net increase in property operating and maintenance expense.

Current wording

For the year ended December 31, 2025, property operating and maintenance expense increased to $985.6 million from $935.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The 5.4% increase in property operating and maintenance expense is primarily attributableto a 999 home increase in the average number of homes owned between periods, as well as increases in utilities and property taxes.

Previous wording

Property management expense and general and administrative expense increased to$228.1 million from$178.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, primarily due to increased personnel and other costs related to expansion of our property and asset management platform, including costs incurred to manage 25,300 and 3,848 homes as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Current wording

Property management expense and general and administrative expense increased to$244.4 million from$228.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily due to increased personnel and other costs related to our property and asset management platform, including costs to manage a 16.9% increase in the average number of homes managed between periods.

Previous wording

Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $714.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $674.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 due to a$529.6 million year over year increase in building and improvements related to an increase of 571 homes in the number of homes owned as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Current wording

Depreciation and amortization expense increased to $746.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $714.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 due to an increase in cumulative capital expenditures and a 999 home increase in the average number of homes owned during theyear ended December 31, 2025 compared to theyear ended December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

Casualty losses, impairment, and other expenses were $82.9 million and $8.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, casualty losses, impairment, and other expenses were comprised of net casualty losses of $82.4 million, including the recognition of$55.1 million for estimated losses and damages related to Hurricanes Milton, Beryl, Debby, and Helene, net of estimated insurance proceeds, additional storm activity unrelated to hurricanes during the year, and impairment losses of $0.5 million on our single-family residential properties. During the year ended December 31, 2023, impairment and other expenses were comprised of $8.2 million of net casualty losses and $0.4 million of impairment losses on our single-family residential properties.

Current wording

Casualty losses, impairment, and other expenses were $11.4 million and $82.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we incurred $10.8 million of net casualty losses and $0.6 million of impairment losses on our single-family residential properties. During theyear ended December 31, 2024, casualty losses, impairment, and other expenses were comprised of net casualty losses of $82.4 million, including the recognition of $55.1 million for estimated losses and damages related to Hurricanes Milton, Beryl, Debby, and Helene, net of estimated insurance proceeds, additional storm activity unrelated to hurricanes during the year, and impairment losses of $0.5 million on our single-family residential properties.

Previous wording

Other, net increased to $54.0 million of expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $2.4 million of expense for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to settlement and other costs incurred in connection with the resolution of an inquiry from the FTC and the legal dispute entitled City of San Diego et al v. Invitation Homes, Inc.

Current wording

Other, net decreased to $4.3 million of expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 from $53.0 million of expense for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to settlement and other costs incurred in connection with the resolution of an inquiry from the FTC and the legal dispute entitled City of San Diego et al v. Invitation Homes, Inc. that was settled during the third quarter of 2024. This reduction in expense is partially offset by a decrease in interest earnings on cash balances.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, $1,180.0 million of our Revolving Facility is undrawn, and there are no restrictions on our ability to draw funds thereunder provided we remain in compliance with all covenants. We have no debt reaching final maturity until June 2027.

Current wording

Our liquidity and capital resources as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 include unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $130.0 million and $174.5 million, respectively, a 25.5%decrease primarilydue to acquisitions of homes. As of December 31, 2025, $1,605.0 million of our revolving facility (the “Revolving Facility”) is undrawn, and there are no restrictions on our ability to draw funds thereunder provided we remain in compliance with all covenants. We have no debt reaching final maturity until June 2027.

Previous wording

On September 26, 2024, in a public offering under our existing shelf registration statement, we issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.88% Senior Notes which mature on February 1, 2035 (the “2035 Unsecured Notes”).

Current wording

On August 15, 2025, in a public offering under our shelf registration statement, we issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.95% Senior Notes which mature on January 15, 2033.

Previous wording

In September 2024, we amended certain interest rate swap agreements and entered into $1,400.0 million of new interest rate swap agreements which became active on December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, our active swaps have a weighted average strike rate of 2.93%. We also have one forward starting swap which will become active July 9, 2025 and has a strike rate of 2.99%.

Current wording

During the second quarter of 2025, we entered into two new interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of $400.0 million which became active on May 8, 2025 and June 20, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, our active swaps have a weighted average strike rate of 3.07%.

Previous wording

(5)The Secured Term Loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.59% per annum including applicable servicing fees for the first 11 years and for the twelfth year bears interest at a floating rate based on a spread of 147 bps over a comparable or successor rate to one month LIBOR as provided for in our loan agreement, including applicable servicing fees, subject to certain adjustments as outlined in the loan agreement.

Current wording

(5)IH 2019-1 bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.59% per annum including applicable servicing fees for the first 11 years and for the twelfth year bears interest at a floating rate based on a spread of 147 bps over a comparable or successor rate to the one month London Interbank Offer Rate as provided for in the loan agreement, including applicable servicing fees, subject to certain adjustments as outlined in the loan agreement.

Previous wording

(6)As of December 31, 2024, interest rate is based on Term SOFR of 4.33% plus the applicable margin and a 0.10% credit spread adjustment.

Current wording

(6)As of December 31, 2025, interest rate is based on Term SOFR of 3.69% plus the applicable margin as well as a 0.10% credit spread adjustment for the 2024 Term Loan and the Revolving Facility.

Previous wording

(7)For unsecured debt and total debt, the weighted average interest rate is calculated based on December 31, 2024, Term SOFR of 4.33% adjusted for a 0.10% credit spread adjustment (Adjusted SOFR), as appropriate, and includes the impact of interest rate swap agreements effective as of that date.

Current wording

(8)For unsecured debt and total debt, the weighted average interest rate is calculated based on December 31, 2025 Term SOFR of 3.69% adjusted for a 0.10% credit spread adjustment (Adjusted SOFR), where appropriate, and includes the impact of interest rate swap agreements effective as of that date.