NeoVolta Inc.

Previous wording

The following discussion reflects the Company’s revenues and expenses for the three-month and six-month periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, as reported in our financial statements included in Item 1.

Current wording

The following discussion reflects the Company’s revenues and expenses for the three-month and nine-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, as reported in our financial statements included in Item 1.

Previous wording

Revenues - Revenues from contracts with customers for the six months ended December 31, 2024 were $1,661,817 compared to $1,781,958 for the six months ended December 31, 2023. Such decrease was primarily due tothe impact of various macroeconomic factors, such as relatively high interest rates, and regulatory factors, such as utility regulations in the State of California, partially offset by the impact of opening various new sales channels since the engagement of our new chief executive officer in April 2024.

Current wording

Revenues - Revenues from contracts with customers for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $2,014,105 compared to $283,900 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Such increase in our revenues, to the highest quarterly level in the history of our Company, was primarily due tothe impact of opening various new sales channels since the engagement of our new chief executive officer in April 2024.

Previous wording

Cost of Goods Sold - Cost of goods sold for the three months ended December 31, 2024 were $747,670 compared to $811,955 for the three months ended December 31, 2023. The cost of goods sold in both periods reflected the cost of procuring and assembling the component parts of the energy storage systems that were sold in each fiscal year and resulted in gross profits on such sales of approximately 30% and 20%, respectively, with the increase largely being due to the reversal in December 2024 of a prior year reserve for obsolescence on component parts of our NV-14Ks of $90,000.

Current wording

Cost of Goods Sold - Cost of goods sold for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $1,499,597 compared to $117,755 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The cost of goods sold in both periods reflected the cost of procuring and assembling the component parts of the energy storage systems that were sold in each fiscal year and resulted in gross profits on such sales of approximately 26% and 58%, respectively, with the unusually high percentage in the prior year being due to the initial efficiencies that we realized from taking over responsibility for manufacturing of our products from a prior contract operator.

Previous wording

General and Administrative Expense - General and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 were $1,228,517 compared to $774,698 for the three months ended December 31, 2023. Such increase was mainly due to our engagement of a new chief executive officer, who was engaged at an annual salary of $350,000 and also received a 4 year amortizing equity award of $2,854,000, as well as the hiring of several other employees since April 2024. The addition of these personnel resulted in a higher level of both cash compensation expense and other associated expenses, such as marketing and travel, as well as non-cash stock compensation expenses related to the Company’s equity incentive programs.

Current wording

General and Administrative Expense - General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $1,857,531 compared to $756,118 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Such increase was mainly due to our engagement of a new chief executive officer, who was engaged at an annual salary of $350,000 and also received a 4 year amortizing equity award of $2,854,000, as well as the hiring of several other employees since April 2024. The addition of these personnel has resulted in a higher level of both cash compensation expense and other associated expenses, such as marketing and travel, as well as non-cash stock compensation expenses related to the Company’s equity incentive programs.

Previous wording

Research and Development Expense - Research and development expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 were $42,324 compared to zero for the three months ended December 31, 2023. Such fluctuation was largely due to timing differences in the level of the Company’s recent product development efforts.

Current wording

Research and Development Expense - Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $27,947 compared to $10,392 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Such fluctuation was largely due to timing differences in the level of the Company’s recent product development efforts.

Previous wording

Other Income and Expense - Interest expense for the three months ended December 31, 2024 was $24,546 compared to zero for the three months ended December 31, 2023, reflecting interest attributable to borrowings made under our line of credit and borrowing arrangements obtained since June 30, 2024. Interest income for the three months ended December 31, 2024 was $339 compared to $12,781 for the three months ended December 31, 2023. This decrease was due to our lower level of investable cash in the three months ended December 31, 2024.

Current wording

Other Income and Expense - Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $78,499 compared to zero for the three months ended March 31, 2024, reflecting interest attributable to borrowings made under our line of credit and another borrowing arrangement obtained since June 30, 2024. Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $138 compared to $10,892 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This decrease was due to our lower level of investable cash in the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

Net Loss - Net loss for the three months ended December 31, 2024 was $971,137 compared to $556,044 for the three months ended December 31, 2023, representing the aggregate of the various revenue and expense categories indicated above. The Company has not recognized any income tax benefit for these net losses due to the uncertainty of its ultimate realization.

Current wording

Net Loss - Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $1,449,331 compared to $589,473 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, representing the aggregate of the various revenue and expense categories indicated above. The Company has not recognized any income tax benefit for these net losses due to the uncertainty of its ultimate realization.

Previous wording

Revenues - Revenues from contracts with customers for the three months ended December 31, 2024 were $1,071,581 compared to $1,017,828 for the three months ended December 31, 2023. Such relatively modest increase in revenues was primarily due tothe impact of opening various new sales channels since the engagement of our new chief executive officer in April 2024.

Current wording

Revenues - Revenues from contracts with customers for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 were $3,675,922 compared to $2,065,858 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. Such increase in our revenues was primarily due tothe impact of opening various new sales channels since the engagement of our new chief executive officer in April 2024.

Previous wording

Cost of Goods Sold - Cost of goods sold for the six months ended December 31, 2024 were $1,245,059 compared to $1,454,913 for the six months ended December 31, 2023. The cost of goods sold in both periods reflected the cost of procuring and assembling the component parts of the energy storage systems that were sold in each fiscal year and resulted in gross profits on such sales of approximately 25% and 18%, respectively, with the increase largely being due to the reversal in December 2024 of a prior year reserve for obsolescence on component parts of our NV-14Ks of $90,000.

Current wording

Cost of Goods Sold - Cost of goods sold for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 were $2,744,656 compared to $1,572,668 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. The cost of goods sold in both periods reflected the cost of procuring and assembling the component parts of the energy storage systems that were sold in each fiscal year and resulted in gross profits on such sales of approximately 25% and 24%, respectively, with the increase being partially due to the reversal in December 2024 of a prior year reserve for obsolescence on component parts of our NV-14Ks of $90,000.

Previous wording

General and Administrative Expense - General and administrative expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2024 were $2,278,636 compared to $1,329,858 for the six months ended December 31, 2023. Such increase was mainly due to our engagement of a new chief executive officer, who was engaged at an annual salary of $350,000 and also received a 4 year amortizing equity award of $2,854,000, as well as the hiring of several other employees since April 2024. The addition of these personnel resulted in a higher level of both cash compensation expense and other associated expenses, such as marketing and travel, as well as non-cash stock compensation expenses related to the Company’s equity incentive programs.

Current wording

General and Administrative Expense - General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 were $4,136,167 compared to $2,085,976 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. Such increase was mainly due to our engagement of a new chief executive officer, who was engaged at an annual salary of $350,000 and also received a 4 year amortizing equity award of $2,854,000, as well as the hiring of several other employees since April 2024. The addition of these personnel has resulted in a higher level of both cash compensation expense and other associated expenses, such as marketing and travel, as well as non-cash stock compensation expenses related to the Company’s equity incentive programs.

Previous wording

Research and Development Expense - Research and development expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2024 were $50,941 compared to zero for the six months ended December 31, 2023. Such fluctuation was largely due to timing differences in the level of the Company’s recent product development efforts.

Current wording

Research and Development Expense - Research and development expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 were $78,888 compared to $10,392 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. Such fluctuation was largely due to timing differences in the level of the Company’s recent product development efforts.

Previous wording

Other Income and Expense - Interest expense for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $24,546 compared to zero for the six months ended December 31, 2023, reflecting interest attributable to borrowings made under our line of credit and borrowing arrangements obtained since June 30, 2024. Interest income for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $1,734 compared to $18,054 for the six months ended December 31, 2023. This decrease was due to our lower level of investable cash in the six months ended December 31, 2024.

Current wording

Other Income and Expense - Interest expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was $103,045 compared to zero for the nine months ended March 31, 2024, reflecting interest attributable to borrowings made under our line of credit and another borrowing arrangement obtained since June 30, 2024. Interest income for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was $1,872 compared to $28,946 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. This decrease was due to our lower level of investable cash in the nine months ended March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

Net Loss - Net loss for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $1,935,631 compared to $984,759 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, representing the aggregate of the various revenue and expense categories indicated above. The Company has not recognized any income tax benefit for these net losses due to the uncertainty of its ultimate realization.

Current wording

Net Loss - Net loss for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was $3,384,962 compared to $1,574,232 for the nine months ended March 31, 2024, representing the aggregate of the various revenue and expense categories indicated above. The Company has not recognized any income tax benefit for these net losses due to the uncertainty of its ultimate realization.

Previous wording

Operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities in the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $1,451,330 compared to $503,497 in the six months ended December 31, 2023. This increase was largely due to the current period increase in our comparative net loss, primarily resulting from an increase in our previously noted cash operating expenses, as well as relatively higher changes in our net working capital needs on a comparative basis.

Current wording

Operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was $3,501,515 compared to $988,827 in the nine months ended March 31, 2024. This increase was largely due to the current period increase in our comparative net loss, primarily resulting from an increase in our previously noted cash operating expenses for personnel and related costs, as well as the relatively higher changes in our net working capital needs, including recent stockpiling and prepayment of inventory, on a comparative basis.

Previous wording

Financing activities. Net cash provided by financing activities in the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $793,649, compared to zero in the six months ended December 31, 2023. In September 2024, we entered into an agreement with a newly formed financing entity whereby we obtained a line of credit for borrowings of up to $5,000,000. As of December 31, 2024, we had made net borrowings under this credit agreement in the total amount of $383,538 initially to fund a short-term loan that we made to a customer in October 2024, in the amount of $250,000, which was fully repaid in December 2024. In November and December 2024, we made short-term borrowings from an accounts receivable lender in the total amount of $371,997, of which a portion had been repaid, leaving an outstanding balance as of December 31, 2024 of $249,711. In December 2024, we also received proceeds from the exercise of warrants issued in our August 2022 public offering in the amount of $160,400.

Current wording

Financing activities. Net cash provided by financing activities in the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was $3,051,054, compared to zero in the nine months ended March 31, 2024. In February 2025, we closed a private equity offering under which we issued a total of 543,500 shares of our common stock to the investors at an offering price of $2.00 per share resulting in gross proceeds of $1,087,000. In September 2024, we entered into an agreement with a newly formed financing entity whereby we obtained a line of credit for borrowings of up to $5,000,000. As of March 31, 2025, we had made net borrowings under this credit agreement in the total amount of $383,538 initially to fund a short-term loan that we made to a customer in October 2024, in the amount of $250,000, which was fully repaid in December 2024. Beginning in November 2024, we have made short-term borrowings from another lender in the total amount of $2,081,845, of which a portion had been repaid, leaving an outstanding balance as of March 31, 2025 of $1,420,116. While our increasing level of short-term borrowings from this lender have been made at a relatively high borrowing cost in terms of interest rate and fees, we have been able to meet our rising funding needs in this period in large part due to the timely responsiveness of this lender. In December 2024, we also received proceeds from the exercise of warrants issued in our August 2022 public offering in the amount of $160,400.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had a cash balance of approximately $0.3 million and net working capital of approximately $3.7 million. Currently, we are not generating a break-even level of net operating cash flow from our net sales. However, we anticipate that demand for our products will ultimately increase over time and that, in conjunction with our recently obtained line of credit noted above and the completion of the February 2025 private offering, we will have sufficient cash to operate for at least the next 12 months.

Current wording

As of March 31, 2025, we had a cash balance of approximately $0.5 million and net working capital of approximately $4.2 million. Currently, we are not generating a break-even level of net operating cash flow from our net sales. However, we anticipate that demand for our products will ultimately increase over time and that, in conjunction with our recently obtained line of credit noted above and the completion of our February 2025 private offering, we will have sufficient cash to operate for at least the next 12 months.

Previous wording

Presently, our two main raw material components, batteries and inverters, are imported from different Asian suppliers and are subject to fairly low tariff rates that have been in effect for several years. The newly inaugurated Trump Administration has indicated that it may propose a significant increase in such tariff rates on various types of goods imported from Asia that could apply to our two main components. In the event that any such possible tariff increases recently proposed by President Trump on China and two North American countries become enacted, which are applicable to our two main components, they would significantly increase the cost of our two main imported components whenever the increased rates become effective. In that case, we would be faced with a decision as to whether we should attempt to pass along such tariff increases to our customers through higher prices for our products or absorbing them internally, or some combination of those two alternatives.

Current wording

In the event, however, that such a mutual trade agreement is not reached between the parties within the next several months and we find it necessary to begin purchasing a significant level of our inventory components from China at post-tariff prices, we would be faced with a decision as to whether we should attempt to pass along such tariff increases to our customers through higher prices for our products or absorbing them internally, or some combination of those two alternatives. Either circumstance would likely materially adversely affect our sales and/or our profitability.