Shattuck Labs Inc
For the period ended Jun 30, 2024. Filed Aug 1, 2024.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Jun 30, 2024 · Filed Aug 1, 2024
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-Q
Period ended 2024-03-31; filed 2024-05-02.
0001680367-24-000025
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-Q
Period ended 2024-06-30; filed 2024-08-01.
0001680367-24-000040
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 104 previous paragraphs and 114 current paragraphs.
69 unchanged; 25 reworded; 16 added; 9 removed; 1 previous and 4 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 3 previous and 4 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (16)
Current report
We are evaluating SL-172154 in an ongoing Phase 1B clinical trial for the treatment of patients with certain hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia ("AML") and higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes ("HR-MDS"). We believe our clinical development plan may provide both first-in-class and best-in-class development opportunities for SL-172154 in these hematologic indications. In June 2024, at the European Hematology Association 2024 Congress, we shared additional data from our ongoing Phase 1B dose expansion clinical trial in HR-MDS and TP53 mutant ("TP53m") AML. These data showed that SL-172154 in combination with azacitidine improved the rates of both clinical response and complete remission compared to what is expected of azacitidine monotherapy in these indications, and that the safety and tolerability profile was manageable, with no hemolytic anemia observed. We have initiated an additional dose expansion cohort in HR-MDS patients to evaluate SL-172154 in a randomized, controlled, dose optimization cohort to further characterize the efficacy and safety and tolerability of SL-172154 in combination with azacitidine, compared to an azacitidine monotherapy control arm.
Current report
We are also planning additional studies in both TP53 wild-type ("TP53wt") and TP53m AML patient populations. We plan to initiate a randomized, controlled dose expansion cohort in TP53m AML patients to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of SL-172154 in combination with azacitidine, compared to an azacitidine +/- venetoclax control arm. And, in addition to our ongoing Phase 1B randomized, controlled dose expansion cohorts in HR-MDS and TP53m AML, we have plans to evaluate SL-172154 in patients with TP53wt AML, in combination with azacitidine and venetoclax, which is the standard of care in this indication. Because we have observed objective responses in our studies to date in patients with both TP53m and TP53wt HR-MDS or AML, we believe that SL-172154 may provide clinical benefit for AML patients regardless of TP53 mutation status.
Current report
Additionally, we believe that SL-172154 may have therapeutic potential in other hematologic indications, including multiple myeloma and myelofibrosis, and we may evaluate SL-172154 in these indications in the future.
Current report
Research Programs
Current report
We maintain a strong research organization that has developed a diverse pipeline of preclinical compounds. The ARC platform was generated based on the goal of linking an immune checkpoint inhibitor to a tumor necrosis factor ("TNF") superfamily ligand. This expertise in TNF ligand and receptor biology provided a basis to develop other potential product candidates to inhibit certain TNF receptors, including death receptor 3 ("DR3"), the cognate binding partner for TL1A. We have developed an antibody that binds to DR3 with high affinity and blocks the interaction with TL1A with reduced DR3 receptor agonism. There are parallels between the improved efficacy associated with blocking PD-1 receptor versus PD-L1, and we believe that targeting DR3 (the receptor) instead of TL1A (the ligand) may provide for better efficacy in certain inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease.
Current report
One of our guiding principles for considering additional pipeline candidates in oncology is a preference for compounds that we expect to have monotherapy activity early in clinical development. Through a series of studies, which were recently published in Cancer Cell, we gained an understanding of cellular targets which appear to play a pivotal role in determining acquired resistance ("AR") to immune checkpoint blockade. We reported that aberrant IFN regulation in the setting of AR suggests that tumor cell intrinsic mechanisms have conferred a growth advantage despite the presence of immune-mediated pressure unleashed by PD-1/L1 antibody blockade. Analysis of transcripts progressively upregulated during acquisition of ARin vivo and transcripts upregulated by IFN exposure of isolated AR cell linesin vitro identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM7 as a candidate mediator of the AR phenotype. Interestingly, TRIM7 is required for cell proliferation downstream of KRAS signaling as well. We have developed small molecule inhibitors (SMI) designed to the TRIM7 PRY/SPRY viral-pocket domain, where binding specificity was confirmed using mass spec analysis. These SMI suppressed proliferation of tumor cells as monotherapy bothin vitroandin vivo using preclinical models, as reported during an oral presentation at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting in 2024. We are advancing lead TRIM7 inhibitors through pre-clinical development as future internal pipeline candidates in oncology.
Current report
We have also demonstrated the feasibility of delivering certain dual-sided fusion proteins as lipid-encapsulated mRNA in a collaboration with Moderna, Inc. This work was published in Cancer Research in February 2024. We have independently extended this work to dual-sided fusion proteins in non-oncology indications, wherein mRNA/LNP based delivery methods may provide pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and pharmacoeconomic advantages in comparison to traditional, intravenous delivery of recombinant proteins for chronic, non-lethal diseases. We are developing a platform of mRNA/LNP administered GLP-1 containing multifunctional constructs with potential therapeutic utility in certain cardiometabolic disorders.
Current report
We completed our obligations under the collaboration agreement with ImmunoGen (the “ImmunoGen Agreement”), and have recognized the remaining deferred revenue pursuant to terms of that agreement as of June 30, 2024.
Current report
Research and development expenses increased by $1.0 million, or 5.7%, to $19.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $18.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily a result of an increase in SL-172154 cost related to the good manufacturing practice ("GMP") manufacture of clinical trial material of $2.1 million partially offset by decreases in costs related to our preclinical research efforts of $1.3 million.
Current report
General and administrative expenses increased by $0.6 million, or 12.4%, to $5.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $4.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in general and administrative expense was due to an increase in general corporate costs.
Current report
Results of Operations
Current report
Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023
Current report
Collaboration revenue increased by $2.5 million, or 959.9%, to $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in revenue was attributable to research activities performed pursuant to the Ono Agreement and continued clinical activities pursuant to the ImmunoGen Agreement. As of June 30, 2024 we have completed our obligations under the ImmunoGen Agreement and have recognized all revenue pursuant to that agreement.
Current report
Research and development expenses increased by $0.6 million, or 1.8%, to $35.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $34.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily a result of an increase in SL-172154 cost related to the GMP manufacture of clinical trial material of $2.2 million and cost associated with our clinical trials of $1.6 million partially offset by a decrease of costs related to our preclinical research efforts of $2.6 million and a decrease in employee costs of $0.7 million
Current report
General and administrative expenses increased by $0.4 million, or 4.4%, to $10.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $9.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in general and administrative expense was due to an increase in general corporate costs.
Current report
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, minimal cash was provided by financing activities.
Removed paragraphs (9)
Previous report
Collaboration Revenue
Previous report
Research and Development Expense
Previous report
General and Administrative Expense
Previous report
Collaboration Revenue
Previous report
Research and Development Expense
Previous report
Research and development expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 2.4%, to $16.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $16.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease in research and development cost was primarily a result of a decrease in the current Good Manufacturing Practice manufacture of clinical trial material of $0.8 million partially offset by increases in costs associated with the conduct of clinical trials for SL-172154 of $0.4 million.
Previous report
General and Administrative Expense
Previous report
General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.2 million, or 3.1%, to $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as a result of lower insurance costs.
Previous report
Net Cash (Used In) Provided by Financing Activities
Reworded paragraphs (25)
Previous wording
We are an innovative clinical-stage biotechnology company pioneering the development of dual-sided fusion proteins as an entirely new class of biologic medicine. We have created a novel approach to immune modulation by designing biologics with structural characteristics that may not be achievable by existing therapeutic modalities, including monoclonal or bispecific antibodies. Our ARC® platform was designed to simultaneously inhibit checkpoint molecules and activate costimulatory molecules with a single therapeutic as a potential treatment for cancer. We also have at varying stages of preclinical development, dual-sided fusion proteins, distinct from our ARC platform, that have therapeutic potential in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, among other therapeutic areas.
Current wording
We are an innovative clinical-stage biotechnology company pioneering the development of dual-sided fusion proteins as an entirely new class of biologic medicine. We have created a novel approach to immune modulation by designing biologics with structural characteristics that may not be achievable by existing therapeutic modalities, including monoclonal or bispecific antibodies. Our Agonist Redirected Checkpoint (“ARC®”) platform was designed to simultaneously inhibit checkpoint molecules and activate costimulatory molecules with a single therapeutic as a potential treatment for cancer. We also have at varying stages of preclinical development, dual-sided, multifunctional fusion proteins, distinct from our ARC platform, that have therapeutic potential in autoimmune, inflammatory, and cardiometabolic diseases, among other therapeutic areas.
Previous wording
Our lead product candidate, SL-172154, is designed to simultaneously inhibit the CD47/SIRPα macrophage checkpoint interaction and activate the CD40 costimulatory receptor to induce an antitumor immune response. Coupling CD40 activation with CD47 inhibition differentiates SL-172154 from all other clinical-stage CD47/SIRPα inhibitors in development, and in our published preclinical studies, SL-172154 resulted in superior antitumor immunity as compared to certain CD47/SIRPα inhibitors. We are pursuing a broad clinical development strategy in both solid and hematologic tumors, with multiple ongoing clinical trials. SL-172154 is in an ongoing Phase 1B clinical trial for the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer. We are also evaluating SL-172154 in an ongoing Phase 1B clinical trial for the treatment of patients with certain hematologic malignancies, including AML and HR-MDS. We believe our clinical development plan may provide both first-in-class and best-in-class development opportunities for SL-172154.
Current wording
Our lead product candidate, SL-172154, is designed to simultaneously inhibit the CD47/SIRPα macrophage checkpoint interaction and activate the CD40 costimulatory receptor to induce an antitumor immune response. Coupling CD40 activation with CD47 inhibition differentiates SL-172154 from all other clinical-stage CD47/SIRPα inhibitors in development, and in our published preclinical studies, SL-172154 resulted in superior antitumor immunity as compared to certain CD47/SIRPα inhibitors.
Previous wording
We believe that data shared to date in human cancer patients demonstrate that the unique protein engineering and physical properties of the ARC platform have led to a differentiated profile in terms of safety and on-target immune activation, demonstrated by unique pharmacodynamic findings, as compared to monoclonal or bispecific antibodies. Further, clinical data generated with our ARC platform has guided our preclinical research efforts to further expand our pipeline, and we are advancing certain potential product candidates through preclinical development. We expect to nominate one or more additional product candidates to our clinical pipeline in the future, potentially for indications outside of oncology, by selecting product candidates where there is an expectation of monotherapy efficacy and where our scientific and protein engineering expertise has led to a product candidate with advantages over current treatment modalities.
Current wording
Further, clinical data generated with our ARC platform has guided our preclinical research efforts to further expand our pipeline, and we are advancing certain potential product candidates through preclinical development. We expect to nominate one or more additional product candidates to our clinical pipeline in the future, potentially for indications outside of oncology, by selecting product candidates where there is an expectation of monotherapy efficacy and where our scientific and protein engineering expertise has led to a product candidate with advantages over current treatment modalities.
Previous wording
Since our inception in 2016, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to conducting research and development activities, including undertaking nonclinical studies of our product candidates, conducting clinical trials of our most advanced product candidates, manufacturing our product candidates, developing and perfecting our intellectual property rights, organizing and staffing our company, business planning, and raising capital. We do not have any products approved for sale, and we have not generated any revenue from product sales. We have funded our operations as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q through the net proceeds from the sale of our common stock and pre-funded warrants for approximately$261.7 million, the sale of redeemable convertible preferred stock for approximately$152.9 million, the issuance of convertible notes for approximately$10.5 million and payments received pursuant to our collaboration agreements for approximately$89.6 million.
Current wording
Since our inception in 2016, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to conducting research and development activities, including undertaking nonclinical studies of our product candidates, conducting clinical trials of our most advanced product candidates, manufacturing our product candidates, developing and perfecting our intellectual property rights, organizing and staffing our company, business planning and raising capital. We do not have any products approved for sale, and we have not generated any revenue from product sales. We have funded our operations as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q through the net proceeds from the sale of our common stock and pre-funded warrants for approximately$262.4 million, the sale of redeemable convertible preferred stock for approximately$152.9 million, the issuance of convertible notes for approximately$10.5 million and payments received pursuant to our collaboration agreements for approximately$89.6 million.
Previous wording
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, our net loss was $18.5 million and $20.7 million, respectively. We have not been profitable since inception, and as of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $324.8 million and $114.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and investments. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses in the near term in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:
Current wording
For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, our net loss was $40.1 million and $42.1 million, respectively. We have not been profitable since inception, and as of June 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $346.4 million and $105.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and investments. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses in the near term in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:
Previous wording
We do not expect to generate significant product revenue unless and until we successfully complete development and obtain regulatory and marketing approval of, and begin to sell, one or more of our product candidates, if ever, which we expect will take several years. We expect to spend a significant amount in development and marketing costs prior to such time. We may never succeed in achieving regulatory and marketing approval for our product candidates. We may obtain unexpected results from our nonclinical studies and clinical trials. We may elect to discontinue, delay, or modify nonclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates. We may be adversely affected by inflationary pressures and the macroeconomic environment, which are beyond our control. A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. Accordingly, until such time as we can generate significant product revenue, if ever, we expect to continue to seek private or public equity and debt financing, and/or additional collaborations with third-parties, to meet our capital requirements. There can be no assurance that such funding may be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, or that we will be able to commercialize our product candidates. In addition, we may not be profitable even if we commercialize one or more of our product candidates.
Current wording
We do not expect to generate significant product revenue unless and until we successfully complete development and obtain regulatory and marketing approval of, and begin to sell, one or more of our product candidates, if ever, which we expect will take several years. We expect to spend a significant amount in development and marketing costs prior to such time. We may never succeed in achieving regulatory and marketing approval for our product candidates. We may obtain unexpected results from our nonclinical studies and clinical trials. We may elect to discontinue, delay, or modify nonclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates. We may be adversely affected by inflationary pressures and the macroeconomic environment, which are beyond our control. A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. Accordingly, until such time as we can generate significant product revenue, if ever, we expect to continue to seek private or public equity and debt financing, and/or additional collaborations with third-parties, to meet our capital requirements. There can be no assurance that such funding may be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, or that we will be able to commercialize our product candidates. In addition, we may not be profitable even if we commercialize any of our product candidates.
Previous wording
Under the terms of the Ono Agreement, we will receive an initial non-refundable payment of $5.4 million, consisting of a $2.0 million payment for the Option and an initial research funding payment of $3.4 million to cover the expected cost of the first six months of planned activities under the Research Plan. At the conclusion of the first six months, Ono may continue to reimburse nonclinical research activities under the Research Plan, and we may receive up to $7.0 million payable upon the achievement of certain milestones specified in the Research Plan. The Research Plan, which began in March 2024, is currently expected to take up to 18 months to complete, subject to the achievement of research milestones and Ono’s decision to continue reimbursement of our research activities.
Current wording
Under the terms of the Ono Agreement, we have received an initial non-refundable payment of $5.4 million, consisting of a $2.0 million payment for the Option and an initial research funding payment of $3.4 million to cover the expected cost of the first six months of planned activities under the Research Plan. At the conclusion of the first six months, Ono may continue to reimburse nonclinical research activities under the Research Plan, and we may receive up to $7.0 million payable upon the achievement of certain milestones specified in the Research Plan. The Research Plan, which began in March 2024, is currently expected to take up to 18 months to complete, subject to the achievement of research milestones and Ono’s decision to continue reimbursement of our research activities.
Previous wording
The following table summarizes our research and development expenses by product candidate (in thousands):
Current wording
The following table summarizes our research and development expenses by product candidate:
Previous wording
Research and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials, including increased demand for clinical trial material. We expect to incur significant research and development expenses throughout 2024, including expenses associated with the conduct of the Research Plan pursuant to the Ono Agreement. While it is difficult for us to predict with certainty, we expect increasing year-over-year operating expense over the next several years in the event that we conduct additional nonclinical studies and clinical trials, which may include a material expansion of our existing clinical trials or the initiation of planned, later-stage clinical trials for our current and/or future product candidates, pursue regulatory approval of our product candidates, or advance additional product candidates from our preclinical pipeline.
Current wording
Research and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials, including increased demand for clinical trial material. We expect to incur significant research and development expenses throughout 2024 and beyond, including expenses associated with the conduct of the Research Plan pursuant to the Ono Agreement. The completion of our clinical trial in platinum resistant ovarian cancer (“PROC”) does not materially impact our anticipated operating expense or cash burn projections in 2024 as this trial was fully enrolled and we had not yet initiated additional clinical trials in this indication. Further, we are not currently planning to conduct additional clinical development in PROC, in part due to the evolving competitive landscape in this indication. We plan to focus all current later-stage clinical development efforts in AML and HR-MDS due to the strength of the emerging efficacy results in those patient populations, the favorable competitive landscape, and the potential for these indications to provide the fastest path to registration. While it is difficult for us to predict with certainty, we expect increasing year-over-year operating expense over the next several years in the event that we conduct additional nonclinical studies and clinical trials, which may include a material expansion of our existing clinical trials or the initiation of planned, later-stage clinical trials for our current and/or future product candidates, pursue regulatory approval of our product candidates, or advance additional product candidates from our preclinical pipeline.
Previous wording
We expect that our general and administrative expense may increase in the future to support our ongoing research and development activities and as a result of the costs of operating as a public company. These increases may include increased costs related to the retention of personnel and fees paid to outside consultants, lawyers, and accountants, among other expenses. Additionally, we anticipate that we will continue to incur significant costs associated with being a public company, including expenses related to services associated with maintaining compliance with the requirements of Nasdaq and the Securities and Exchange Commission, insurance, and investor relations costs. If any of our current or future product candidates advances to later-stage clinical development or obtains regulatory approval, we expect that we would incur significantly increased expenses associated with building the appropriate general and administrative support for our increased research and development activities, or building a sales and marketing team, respectively.
Current wording
We expect that our general and administrative expense may increase in the future to support our ongoing research and development activities and as a result of the costs of operating as a public company. These increases may include increased costs related to the retention of personnel and fees paid to outside consultants, lawyers, and accountants, among other expenses. Additionally, we anticipate that we will continue to incur significant costs associated with being a public company, including expenses related to services associated with maintaining compliance with the requirements of Nasdaq and the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), insurance, and investor relations costs. If any of our current or future product candidates advances to later-stage clinical development or obtains regulatory approval, we expect that we would incur significantly increased expenses associated with building the appropriate general and administrative support for our increased research and development activities, or building a sales and marketing team, respectively.
Previous wording
Other income consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investments, which consists of amounts held in a money market fund and at various times in government and corporate obligations as well as investment fees and realized gain or losses on investments (if any).
Current wording
Other income consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investments, which consists of amounts held in a money market fund and government obligations as well as investment fees and realized gain or losses on investments (if any).
Previous wording
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Current wording
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
Previous wording
Collaboration revenue increased by $1.1 million, or 1,856.1%, to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in collaboration revenue was attributable to an increase in research activities associated with the Ono Agreement and continued clinical activity associated with the ImmunoGen Agreement.
Current wording
Collaboration revenue increased by $1.4 million, or 704.5%, to $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in collaboration revenue was attributable to the research activities conducted pursuant to the Ono Agreement and continued clinical activities pursuant to the ImmunoGen Agreement. As of June 30, 2024 we have completed our obligations under the ImmunoGen Agreement and have recognized all revenue pursuant to that agreement.
Previous wording
Since our inception, our primary sources of liquidity have been generated by sales of common stock, pre-funded warrants, convertible preferred stock, and convertible notes and through our collaboration agreements. As of March 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $324.8 million and $114.6 million of cash and cash equivalents and investments.
Current wording
Since our inception, our primary sources of liquidity have been generated by sales of our common stock, pre-funded warrants, convertible preferred stock and convertible notes, and through our collaboration and research agreements with various third parties.
Previous wording
In July 2022, we entered into a sales agreement, or the Sales Agreement, with Leerink Partners LLC, (the "Sales Agent"), pursuant to which we may offer and sell up to $75.0 million of shares of our common stock from time to time in “at-the-market” offerings (the “ATM Facility”). The Sales Agent is generally entitled to compensation at a commission equal to 3.0% of the aggregate gross sales price per share sold under the Sales Agreement. As of March 31, 2024, there were no sales pursuant to the ATM Facility.
Current wording
In July 2022, we entered into a sales agreement ("the Sales Agreement") with Leerink Partners LLC (formerly known as SVB Securities LLC) (the "Sales Agent") pursuant to which we may offer and sell up to $75.0 million of shares of our common stock from time to time in an at-the-market facility (the "ATM Facility"). The Sales Agent is generally entitled to compensation at a commission equal to 3.0% of the aggregate gross sales price per share sold under the Sales Agreement. As of June 30, 2024, there were no sales pursuant to the ATM Facility.
Previous wording
Our primary uses of cash and cash equivalents and investments are to fund our operations, which consist primarily of research and development expenditures related to our programs, product development costs, research expenses, administrative support, capital expenditures related to bringing in-house certain process development and manufacturing capabilities, and working capital requirements. We anticipate continuing to incur additional net losses and negative cash flows from operations in the near future until such time, if ever, that we can generate significant sales of our product candidates currently in development. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:
Current wording
Our primary uses of cash and cash equivalents and investments are to fund our operations, which consist primarily of research and development expenditures related to our programs, product development costs, research expenses, administrative support, capital expenditures related to bringing in-house certain process development and manufacturing capabilities and working capital requirements. We anticipate incurring additional net losses and negative cash flows from operations in the near future until such time, if ever, that we can generate significant sales of our product candidates currently in development. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:
Previous wording
Until we obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates, if ever, we cannot generate revenues from sales of our products. Even if we are able to sell our products, we may not generate a sufficient amount of product revenues to finance our cash requirements. Accordingly, it will be necessary for us to seek to raise additional capital through equity offerings and/or debt financings or from other potential sources of liquidity, which may include new collaborations, licensing or other commercial agreements for one or more of our development programs or patent portfolios. There can be no assurance that such funding may be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. The issuance of equity securities may result in dilution to stockholders and the issuance of debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our common stock and the terms of any such debt securities could impose significant restrictions on our operations. The failure to raise funds as and when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and ability to pursue our business strategies. Additionally, if additional funding is not secured when required, we may need to delay or curtail our operations until such funding is received, which would have a material and adverse impact on our business prospects and results of operations.
Current wording
Until we obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidates, if ever, we cannot generate revenues from sales of our products. Even if we are able to sell our products, we may not generate a sufficient amount of product revenues to finance our cash requirements. Accordingly, it will be necessary for us to seek to raise additional capital through equity offerings and/or debt financings or from other potential sources of liquidity, which may include new collaborations, licensing or other commercial agreements for one or more of our development programs or patent portfolios. Additionally, we are currently evaluating our options related to the advancement of our platform of mRNA/LNP administered multifunctional GLP-1 constructs, which may include the independent financing of a subsidiary or spun-out entity. There can be no assurance that such funding may be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. The issuance of equity securities may result in dilution to stockholders and the issuance of debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our common stock and the terms of any such debt securities could impose significant restrictions on our operations. The failure to raise funds as and when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and ability to pursue our business strategies. Additionally, if additional funding is not secured when required, we may need to delay or curtail our operations until such funding is received, which would have a material and adverse impact on our business prospects and results of operations.
Previous wording
The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):
Current wording
The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $16.2 million and primarily reflected our net loss of $18.5 million and an $0.8 million net change in our operating assets and liabilities, $0.4 million of amortization of investments offset by noncash charges of $2.5 million in stock-based compensation and $1.1 million in depreciation expense and non-cash operating lease expense. We expect to continue to use cash in our operating activities as we conduct our clinical trials and nonclinical studies, incur costs of manufacturing clinical trial and nonclinical study materials and continue process development activities to optimize our manufacturing processes.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $27.1 million and primarily reflected our net loss of $40.1 million, offset by $6.7 million in net changes to our operating assets and liabilities, and net noncash operating charges of $6.3 million for stock-based compensation, depreciation expense, accretion of investments and non-cash operating lease expense. We expect to continue to use cash in our operating activities as we conduct our clinical trials and nonclinical studies, incur costs of manufacturing clinical trial and nonclinical study materials and continue process development activities to optimize our manufacturing processes.
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $26.5 million and primarily reflected our net loss of $20.7 million and an $8.3 million net change in our operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash charges of $1.7 million in stock-based compensation and $1.0 million in depreciation expense, amortization of investments and non-cash operating lease expense.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $45.1 million and primarily reflected our net loss of $42.1 million and an $8.3 million net change in our operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash charges of $5.2 million in stock-based compensation, depreciation expense, amortization of investments and operating lease expense.
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $33.3 million, and is the net change in investments.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $38.7 million, as a result of the net change in investments of $38.7 million.
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by investing activities was $45.1 million, and is primarily due to the net change in investments.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, net cash provided by investing activities was $69.6 million, of which $69.9 million was the net change in investments, offset by $0.4 million in purchases of property and equipment.
Previous wording
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities was $0.2 million and was primarily from the exercise of stock options and purchases pursuant to our employee stock purchase plan offset by $0.4 million of offering cost accrued in 2023 and paid in 2024.
Current wording
During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $0.8 million and was primarily from $1.3 million in cash received for the exercise of stock options and purchases pursuant to our employee stock purchase plan offset by taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards of $0.4 million.
Previous wording
We have evaluated the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements under the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions, as an emerging growth company, we may rely on certain of these exemptions, including without limitation exemptions to the requirements for (1) providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (2) complying with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our IPO, (ii) in which we have total annual gross revenues of at least $1.235 billion or (iii) in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the prior June 30th, or (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.
Current wording
We have evaluated the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements under the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions, as an emerging growth company, we may rely on certain of these exemptions, including without limitation exemptions to the requirements for (1) providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (2) complying with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, (ii) in which we have total annual gross revenues of at least $1.235 billion or (iii) in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700.0 million as of the prior June 30th, or (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.
Previous wording
We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). We will continue to be a smaller reporting company so long as (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million. If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.
Current wording
We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million. If we are a smaller reporting company at the time we cease to be an emerging growth company, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are available to smaller reporting companies. Specifically, as a smaller reporting company we may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and, similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.
Rearranged current paragraphs (4)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
We believe that data shared to date in human cancer patients demonstrate that the unique protein engineering and physical properties of the ARC platform have led to a differentiated profile in terms of safety and on-target immune activation, demonstrated by unique pharmacodynamic findings, as compared to monoclonal or bispecific antibodies.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Rearranged previous paragraphs (1)
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities