INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTIES INC
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 24, 2026.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.
FY2025 · Filed Feb 24, 2026
What changed in Risk Factors?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-K
Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-02-21.
0001558370-25-001322
Item 1A. Risk FactorsCurrent report: 10-K
Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-02-24.
0001677576-26-000001
Item 1A. Risk FactorsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 260 previous paragraphs and 460 current paragraphs.
191 unchanged; 44 reworded; 176 added; 6 removed; 19 previous and 49 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 160 previous and 0 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (176)
Current report
•We are focused on properties leased to licensed cannabis operators, and a decrease in demand for these types of facilities would have a greater impact on us than if we had a more diversified property portfolio.
Current report
•Competition for the acquisition of properties suitable for regulated cannabis operations and alternative financing sources for licensed operators may make new acquisitions difficult or less economically attractive.
Current report
•We acquire our properties “as-is,” which increases the risk of costs to remedy defects without recourse.
Current report
•Our property portfolio is and will be geographically concentrated in certain states.
Current report
•Certain of our tenants have experienced financial distress or are in receivership, which increases the risk of lease defaults and potential delays in enforcing our rights.
Current report
•Our tenants may be subject to Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
Current report
•We may have a difficult time obtaining the insurance policies with our focus on the regulated cannabis industry.
Current report
•Construction loans involve an increased risk of loss and other risks that are different from owning properties.
Current report
Risks Related to Our Life Science Investments and Real Estate-Related Assets
Current report
•Our investments in the IQHQ Credit Facility and IQHQ Preferred Stock expose us to borrower credit risk, structural subordination, illiquidity, collateral impairment, reduced or delayed returns, and potential loss of principal.
Current report
•Payment-in-kind dividends and interest on our investments in IQHQ Preferred Stock and the IQHQ Credit Facility may result in taxable income without corresponding cash receipts, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.
Current report
•As part of our investment strategy, we may invest in equity and secured and unsecured debt of private REITs, which involve limited liquidity, uncertain valuations, restricted access to financial and operational information, dependence on issuer performance and structure, and features that make the timing and amount of returns uncertain.
Current report
Risks Related to Investments in Life Science Properties
Current report
•Intense competition in the life sciences industry may limit our ability to acquire attractive assets and successfully execute our investment strategy.
Current report
•Any investment in life science properties subjects us to industry-specific risks, including heightened regulatory scrutiny, specialized infrastructure and capital needs, and potential liability for hazardous materials that may exceed insurance coverage.
Current report
•Any future investments in life science properties involve uncertainty in leasing, occupancy, and returns due to industry downturns, oversupply, reduced funding, consolidation, high capital costs for repositioning, and potential geographic shifts away from key hubs.
Current report
•FDA regulation of cannabis facilities could negatively affect the regulated cannabis industry.
Current report
•Property owners located in close proximity to our properties may assert claims against our cannabis facilities.
Current report
•Our independent auditor's report includes an explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and if we are unable to obtain refinancing or other additional financing, we may be unable to continue operating as a going concern.
Current report
•Our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected if we are unable to refinance our Notes due 2026 or extend, renew or replace our Revolving Credit Facility.
Current report
•Our existing and future indebtedness could reduce our distributable cash and expose us to default risk.
Current report
•Our Notes due 2026 and our Credit Facilities include restrictive covenants that limit our operational flexibility.
Current report
•Rising interest rates could increase our cost of capital, reduce investment returns, and adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
Current report
•Increased debt service obligations under our Credit Facilities or otherwise reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
Current report
•Our charter provisions make it difficult to remove directors, and to effect changes in management as a result.
Current report
•We plan to continue to operate our business so as not to require registration under the Investment Company Act.
Current report
•Our failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce our distributable cash and negatively impact us.
Current report
•The REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan, and require us to make unfavorable borrowing decisions or subject us to tax.
Current report
•If Section 280E of the Code applies to us while cannabis remains classified as a Schedule I drug, tax deductions may be disallowed, resulting in federal income tax and potentially jeopardizing our REIT status.
Current report
•Our board of directors has the ability to revoke our REIT election without stockholder approval.
Current report
•REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and result in tax liabilities.
Current report
•federal, state and local taxation and regulatory burdens;
Current report
•ineffective state and local law enforcement efforts to curtail the illicit production and sale of cannabis; and
Current report
•limited access to capital on acceptable terms or at all.
Current report
•construction costs, which may exceed our or our tenant’s original estimates due to increases in materials, labor or other costs, which could make the project less profitable for our tenant, require us or our tenant to commit additional funds to complete the project and adversely impact our tenant’s business and prospects as a result;
Current report
•permitting or construction delays, which may result in increased project costs, as well as deferred revenue and delayed commencement of operations by our tenant;
Current report
•unavailability of raw materials when needed, which may result in project delays, stoppages or interruptions, which could make the project less profitable;
Current report
•claims for warranty, product liability and construction defects after a property has been built;
Showing the first 40 of 176 passages. Open the source sections for the rest.
Removed paragraphs (6)
Previous report
In November 2022, Green Peak Industries, Inc. (“Green Peak”) defaulted on its obligations to pay rent at one of our properties in Michigan. During 2023, a receiver was appointed over substantially all of Green Peak’s assets and we regained possession of one property that was under redevelopment as a regulated cannabis cultivation and processing facility and three retail properties in Michigan. In February 2024, we regained possession of the remaining regulated cannabis cultivation and processing facility that was leased to Green Peak.
Previous report
In December 2024, PharmaCann defaulted on its obligations to pay rent for the month of December under six leases for properties located in Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Previous report
We cannot predict the outcome of these lawsuits and we may be subject to other similar securities litigation in the future. Monitoring and defending against legal actions, whether or not meritorious, is time-consuming for our management and detracts from our ability to fully focus our internal resources on our business activities. In addition, we may incur substantial legal fees and costs in connection with litigation. Although we have insurance, coverage could be denied or prove to be insufficient. We are not currently able to estimate the possible cost to us from the currently pending lawsuits, and we cannot be certain how long it may take to resolve these matters or the possible amount of any damages that we may be required to pay. We have not established any reserves for any potential liability relating to these or future lawsuits. It is possible that we could, in the future, incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims for monetary damages. A decision adverse to our interests on these actions could result in the payment of substantial damages and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the uncertainty of the currently pending lawsuits could lead to volatility in our stock price. The ultimate outcome of litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business and the trading price for our securities.
Previous report
The prospects for this reclassification effort under the Trump administration remain unclear. A DEA administrative law judge canceled the rulemaking hearing on this issue that was set to begin on January 21, 2025, following a series of challenges by various parties, including parties seeking to remove the DEA from the proposed rulemaking process. Since that postponement, President Trump has appointed Derek Maltz to lead the DEA. Neither Trump nor Maltz has released any official policy directive related to rescheduling. No further hearings have been scheduled beyond a status update slated for April, 2025.
Reworded paragraphs (44)
Previous wording
We are currently subject to securities lawsuits and we may be subject to similar or other litigation in the future, which may divert management’s attention and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Current wording
•We are currently subject to securities lawsuits and an SEC investigation, and we may be subject to litigation in the future, which may divert management’s attention and have a material adverse effect on us.
Previous wording
Our ability togrow our business depends on state laws pertaining to the cannabis industry.
Current wording
•Our ability to grow our business depends on state laws pertaining to the cannabis industry.
Previous wording
potential tenants, related guarantors and their properties, operations and prospects, of which there is generally little or no publicly available operating and financial information. We may not learn all of the material information we need to know regarding these businesses through our investigations, and these businesses are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to regulatory risks and the rapidly evolving market dynamics of each state’s regulated cannabis program. As a result, it is possible that we could enter into a sale-leaseback arrangement with tenants or otherwise lease properties to tenants that ultimately are unable to pay rent to us, which could adversely impact our cash available for distributions.
Current wording
Single tenants currently occupy our properties generally, and we expect that single tenants will occupy our properties that we acquire in the future. Therefore, the success of our investments will be materially dependent on the financial stability of these tenants. We rely on our management team to perform due diligence investigations of our potential tenants, related guarantors and their properties, operations and prospects, of which there is generally little or no publicly available operating and financial information. We may not learn all of the material information we need to know regarding these businesses through our investigations, and these businesses are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to regulatory risks and the rapidly evolving market dynamics of each state’s regulated cannabis program. As a result, it is possible that we could enter into a sale-leaseback arrangement with tenants or otherwise lease properties to tenants that ultimately are unable to pay rent to us, which could adversely impact our cash available for distributions.
Previous wording
As of December 31, 2024, we owned 109 properties. As of such date, five of our tenants, PharmaCann (at eleven of our properties), Ascend (at four of our properties), Green Thumb (at three of our properties), Holistic (at five of our properties) and Curaleaf (at eight of our properties), represented 17%, 11%, 8%, 7% and 7%, respectively, of our rental revenues (including tenant reimbursements) for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Lease payment defaults by any of our tenants or a significant decline in the value of any single property would materially adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Our lack of diversification also increases the potential that a single underperforming investment or tenant could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and the price we could realize from the sale of our properties. Any adverse change in the financial condition of any of our tenants, including but not limited to the state cannabis markets not developing and growing in ways that we or our tenants projected, or any adverse change in the political climate regarding cannabis where our properties are located, would subject us to a significant risk of loss.
Current wording
As of December 31, 2025, we owned 111 properties. As of such date, five of our tenants, Ascend (at four of our properties), Green Thumb (at three of our properties), Curaleaf (at eight of our properties), Trulieve (at six of our properties) and The Cannabist Company (at 21 of our properties) represented 12%, 9%, 8%, 8% and 8%, respectively, of our rental revenues (including tenant reimbursements) for the year ended December 31, 2025. Lease payment defaults by any of our tenants or a significant decline in the value of any single property would materially adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. Our lack of diversification also increases the potential that a single underperforming investment or tenant could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and the price we could realize from the sale of our properties. Any adverse change in the financial condition of any of our tenants, including but not limited to the state cannabis markets not developing and growing in ways that we or our tenants projected, or any adverse change in the political climate regarding cannabis where our properties are located, would subject us to a significant risk of loss.
Previous wording
Because our portfolio of properties primarily consists of industrial and greenhouse properties used in the regulated cannabis industry, we are subject to risks inherent in investments in a single industry. A decrease in the demand for cannabis cultivation and processing facilities would have a greater adverse effect on our rental revenues than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio. Demand for cannabis cultivation and processing facilities has been and could be adversely affected by changes in current favorable state or local laws relating to cultivation and production of cannabis or any change in the federal government’s current enforcement posture with respect to state-licensed cannabis operations, among others, including but not limited to changes to local zoning and other laws that no longer allow a facility to be utilized for regulated cannabis activities. To the extent that any of these conditions occur, they are likely to affect demand and market rents for cannabis cultivation and processing facilities, which could cause a decrease in our rental revenue. Any such decrease could impair our ability to make distributions to investors. Other than with respect to one property located in San Bernardino, California and one property located in Palm Springs, California, where we are evaluating alternative non-cannabis uses as of December 31, 2024, we do not currently have any material investments in other real estate or businesses to hedge against the risk that industry trends might decrease the profitability of our facilities leased for cannabis operations.
Current wording
Because our portfolio of properties primarily consists of industrial and greenhouse properties used in the regulated cannabis industry, we are subject to risks inherent in investments in a single industry. A decrease in the demand for cannabis cultivation and processing facilities would have a greater adverse effect on our rental revenues than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio. Demand for cannabis cultivation and processing facilities has been and could be adversely affected by changes in current favorable state or local laws relating to cultivation and production of cannabis or any change in the federal government’s current enforcement posture with respect to state-licensed cannabis operations, among others, including but not limited to changes to local zoning and other laws that no longer allow a facility to be utilized for regulated cannabis activities. To the extent that any of these conditions occur, they are likely to affect demand and market rents for cannabis cultivation and processing facilities, which could cause a decrease in our rental revenue. Any such decrease could impair our ability to make distributions to investors. As of December 31, 2025, other than our investments in IQHQ, we do not have any other material investments in other real estate or businesses to hedge against the risk that industry trends might decrease the profitability of our facilities leased for cannabis operations.
Previous wording
result in that tenant defaulting on its rent obligations to us. As of December 31, 2024, we had properties consisting of an aggregate of 666,000 rentable square feet under development or redevelopment, and we had committed to fund improvements at our properties in the future totaling up to $38.3 million.
Current wording
The realization of any of the risks above or other delays in development and redevelopment activities at a property may also materially adversely impact our tenant’s ability to commence, continue or expand its operations, which may result in that tenant defaulting on its rent obligations to us. As of December 31, 2025, we had properties consisting of an aggregate of 303,000 rentable square feet under development or redevelopment, and we had committed to fund improvements at our properties in the future totaling up to $6.5 million.
Previous wording
Purported securities class action lawsuits have been filed against us and certain of our executive officers alleging that the Company made false or misleading statements regarding its business. Derivative lawsuits also have been filed against us and certain of our officers and directors asserting putative derivative claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and waste of corporate assets against our directors and certain of our officers. See Note 11 “Commitments and Contingencies” for a full description of these actions.
Current wording
Purported securities class action lawsuits have been filed against us and certain of our executive officers alleging that the Company made false or misleading statements regarding its business. Derivative lawsuits also have been filed against us and certain of our officers and directors asserting putative derivative claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and waste of corporate assets against our directors and certain of our officers. See Note 12 “Commitments and Contingencies — Litigation” for a full description of these actions.
Previous wording
We will continue to incur legal fees in connection with these pending cases, including expenses for the reimbursement of legal fees of our officers and directors under indemnification obligations. The expense of continuing to defend such litigation may be significant. We intend to defend these lawsuits vigorously, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in any defense. If any of the lawsuits are adversely decided, we may be liable for significant damages directly or under our indemnification obligations, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows. Further, the amount of time that will be required to resolve these lawsuits is unpredictable and these actions may divert management's attention from the day-to-day operations of our business, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.
Current wording
We intend to defend these lawsuits vigorously, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in any defense. If any of the lawsuits are adversely decided, we may be liable for significant damages directly or under our indemnification obligations, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows. We have not established reserves for any potential liability relating to the pending litigation or the SEC investigation, and although we maintain insurance, coverage could be denied or prove to be insufficient.
Previous wording
financial condition and liquidity and may cause one or more of our tenants to be unable to meet their obligations to us in full, or at all, or to otherwise seek modifications of such obligations;
Current wording
•the temporary inability of consumers and patients to purchase our tenant’s cannabis products due to a number of factors, including but not limited to illness, dispensary closures or limitations on operations (including but not limited to shortened operating hours, social distancing requirements and mandated “curbside only” pickup), quarantine, financial hardship, and “stay at home” orders, could severely impact our tenants’ businesses, financial condition and liquidity and may cause one or more of our tenants to be unable to meet their obligations to us in full, or at all, or to otherwise seek modifications of such obligations;
Previous wording
Most states where we own properties issue licenses for cannabis operations for a limited period. We rely on our tenants to renew or otherwise maintain the requisite state and local cannabis licenses and other authorizations on a continuous basis. If one or more of our tenants are unable to renew or otherwise maintain its licenses or other state and
Current wording
Most states where we own properties issue licenses for cannabis operations for a limited period. We rely on our tenants to renew or otherwise maintain the requisite state and local cannabis licenses and other authorizations on a continuous basis. If one or more of our tenants are unable to renew or otherwise maintain its licenses or other state and local authorizations necessary to continue its cannabis operations, such tenants may default on their lease payments to us.
Previous wording
As of February 21, 2025, we owned properties in 19 states, and we expect that the properties that we acquire will be geographically concentrated in these states and other states that have established cannabis programs. See “Geographic Concentration” under Item 1, “Business” for a table of properties owned by us and organized by state as of
Current wording
As of February 23, 2026, we owned properties in 19 states, and we expect that the properties that we acquire will be geographically concentrated in these states and other states that have established cannabis programs. See “Geographic Concentration” under Item 1, “Business” for a table of properties owned by us and organized by state as of December 31, 2025. Circumstances and developments related to operations in these markets that could negatively affect our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations include, but are not limited to, the following factors:
Previous wording
Section 280E of the Code provides that, with respect to any taxpayer, no deduction or credit is allowed for expenses incurred during a taxable year “in carrying on any trade or business if such trade or business (or the activities which comprise such trade or business) consists of trafficking in controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the CSA) which is prohibited by federal law or the law of any state in which such trade or business is conducted.” Because cannabis is a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, Section 280E by its terms applies to the purchase and sale of cannabis products. Our tenants are engaged in the cultivation, processing and sale of cannabis and cannabis-related products, and therefore may be subject to Section 280E. Application of the provisions of Section 280E to our tenants would result in the disallowance of certain tax deductions, including for depreciation or interest expense, which could have an adverse impact on their respective financial condition and ability to make lease payments to us. Any lease payment defaults by a tenant could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows, and cause us to reduce the amount of distributions to our stockholders.
Current wording
Section 280E of the Code provides that, with respect to any taxpayer, no deduction or credit is allowed for expenses incurred during a taxable year “in carrying on any trade or business if such trade or business (or the activities which comprise such trade or business) consists of trafficking in controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the CSA) which is prohibited by federal law or the law of any state in which such trade or business is conducted.” Because cannabis is presently a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, and there can be no assurance that the reclassification called for by the Executive Order will occur, Section 280E by its terms applies to the purchase and sale of cannabis products. Our tenants are engaged in the cultivation, processing and sale of cannabis and cannabis-related products, and therefore may be subject to Section 280E. Application of the provisions of Section 280E to our tenants would result in the disallowance of certain tax deductions, including for depreciation or interest expense, which could have an adverse impact on their respective financial condition and ability to make lease payments to us. Any lease payment defaults by a tenant could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows, and cause us to reduce the amount of distributions to our stockholders.
Previous wording
We are exposed to potential physical risks from possible future changes in climate. Our properties may be exposed to catastrophic weather events, such as severe storms, hurricanes, fires, floods or droughts, in addition to changes in temperature and air quality. If the frequency of extreme weather events increases, our exposure to these events could increase. We may also be exposed to regulatory risks related to climate change, including regulations seeking to limit greenhouse gas emissions and reduce water usage. We may also be adversely impacted by potential impacts to the supply chain or stricter energy efficiency standards or greenhouse gas regulations for commercial real estate. We cannot give any assurance that other such conditions do not exist or may not arise in the future. The potential impacts of future
Current wording
We are exposed to potential physical risks from possible future changes in climate. Our properties may be exposed to catastrophic weather events, such as severe storms, hurricanes, fires, floods or droughts, in addition to changes in temperature and air quality. If the frequency of extreme weather events increases, our exposure to these events could increase. We may also be exposed to regulatory risks related to climate change, including regulations seeking to limit greenhouse gas emissions and reduce water usage. We may also be adversely impacted by potential impacts to the supply chain or stricter energy efficiency standards or greenhouse gas regulations for commercial real estate. We cannot give any assurance that other such conditions do not exist or may not arise in the future. The potential impacts of future climate change on our properties could adversely affect our ability to lease or sell such properties or to borrow using such properties as collateral.
Previous wording
In June 2021, we executed a construction loan agreement with a developer, pursuant to which we agreed to make available up to $18.5 million for the development of a regulated cannabis cultivation and processing facility in California. In February 2023, we amended our construction loan agreement to provide up to an additional $4.5 million for the development as a result of costs incurred by the developer that were in excess of the original budget, making our
Current wording
In June 2021, we executed a construction loan agreement with a developer, pursuant to which we agreed to make available up to $18.5 million for the development of a regulated cannabis cultivation and processing facility in California. In February 2023, we amended our construction loan agreement to provide up to an additional $4.5 million for the development as a result of costs incurred by the developer that were in excess of the original budget, making our total potential investment in the project $23.0 million. We may invest in other such loans in the future. Construction loans involve an increased risk of loss and other risks that are different from owning and leasing properties, including the following risks:
Previous wording
Cannabis is a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA. Even in those jurisdictions in which cannabis has been legalized at the state level, the possession, distribution, cultivation, manufacture and use of cannabis all remain violations of federal law that are punishable by imprisonment, substantial fines and forfeiture. Moreover, individuals and entities may violate federal law if they intentionally aid and abet another in violating these federal controlled substance laws, or conspire with another to violate them. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled inUnited States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers’ Coop. andGonzales v. Raich that it is the federal government that has the right to regulate and criminalize the sale, possession and use of cannabis, even for medical purposes. We would likely be unable to execute our business plan if the federal government were to strictly enforce federal law regarding cannabis.
Current wording
Cannabis is a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA. Even in those jurisdictions in which cannabis has been legalized at the state level, the possession, distribution, cultivation, manufacture and use of cannabis all remain violations of federal law that are punishable by imprisonment, substantial fines and forfeiture. Moreover, individuals and entities may violate federal law if they intentionally aid and abet another in violating these federal controlled substance laws, or conspire with another to violate them. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled in United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers’ Coop. and Gonzales v. Raich that it is the federal government that has the right to regulate and criminalize the sale, possession and use of cannabis, even for medical purposes. We would likely be unable to execute our business plan if the federal government were to strictly enforce federal law regarding cannabis.
Previous wording
Pamela Bondi was confirmed by the United States Senate as Attorney General of the United States on February 4, 2025. During her tenure as Attorney General in the State of Florida, Bondi routinely opposed the softening of anti-cannabis laws, including opposition to ballot initiatives to broaden access to medical cannabis, but she also generally faithfully enforced state cannabis laws to maintain a well-regulated medical cannabis market. Bondi has not provided a clear policy directive for the United States as it pertains to state-level cannabis-related activities, and there can be no assurances that DOJ or other law enforcement authorities will not seek to vigorously enforce current U.S. federal laws. It is generally expected that Bondi will closely follow the Trump Administration’s enforcement priorities.
Current wording
Pamela Bondi was confirmed by the United States Senate as Attorney General of the United States on February 4, 2025. During her tenure as Attorney General in the State of Florida, Bondi routinely opposed the softening of anti-cannabis laws, including opposition to ballot initiatives to broaden access to medical cannabis, but she also generally faithfully enforced state cannabis laws to maintain a well-regulated medical cannabis market. Bondi has not provided a clear policy directive for the United States as it pertains to state-level cannabis-related activities, and it is generally expected that Bondi will closely follow the Trump Administration’s enforcement priorities.
Previous wording
Congress previously enacted an omnibus spending bill that includes the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer Amendment prohibiting the DOJ (which includes the DEA) from using funds appropriated by that bill to prevent states from implementing their medical-use cannabis laws. This provision will expire on March 8, 2024. On December 20, 2024, Congress passed a continuing resolution to extend government funding, extending the application of the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer Amendment until March 14, 2025. There can be no assurance that Congress will approve inclusion of a similar prohibition in future appropriations bills to prevent DOJ from using congressionally appropriated funds to enforce federal cannabis laws against regulated medical cannabis actors operating in compliance with state and local law. InUSA vs. McIntosh, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that this provision prohibits the DOJ from spending funds from relevant appropriations acts to prosecute individuals who engage in conduct permitted by state medical-use cannabis laws and who strictly comply with such laws. However, the Ninth Circuit’s opinion, which only applies to the states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, and Idaho, also held that persons who do not strictly comply with all state laws and regulations regarding the distribution, possession and cultivation of medical-use cannabis have engaged in conduct that is unauthorized, and in such instances the DOJ may prosecute those individuals. Furthermore, while we target the acquisition of medical-use cannabis facilities, our leases do not prohibit cannabis cultivation for adult-use that is permissible under the state and local laws where our facilities are located. Consequently, certain of our tenants currently (and additional tenants may in the future) cultivate adult-use cannabis in our medical-use cannabis facilities, as permitted by such state and local laws now or in the future, which may in turn subject the tenant, us and our properties to greater and/or different federal legal and other risks as compared to facilities where cannabis is cultivated exclusively for medical use, including not providing protection under the Congressional spending bill provision described above.
Current wording
Congress previously enacted an omnibus spending bill that includes the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer Amendment prohibiting the DOJ (which includes the DEA) from using funds appropriated by that bill to prevent states from implementing their medical-use cannabis laws. On January 23, 2026, President Trump signed H.R. 6938, which contains the appropriations funding for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, Interior, and other related agencies, thereby extending the application of the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer Amendment until September 30, 2026. There can be no assurance that Congress will approve inclusion of a similar prohibition in future appropriations bills to prevent DOJ from using congressionally appropriated funds to enforce federal cannabis laws against regulated medical cannabis actors operating in compliance with state and local law. In USA vs. McIntosh, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that this provision prohibits the DOJ from spending funds from relevant appropriations acts to prosecute individuals who engage in conduct permitted by state medical-use cannabis laws and who strictly comply with such laws. However, the Ninth Circuit’s opinion, which only applies to the states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, and Idaho, also held that persons who do not strictly comply with all state laws and regulations regarding the distribution, possession and cultivation of medical-use cannabis have engaged in conduct that is unauthorized, and in such instances the DOJ may prosecute those individuals. Furthermore, while we target the acquisition of medical-use cannabis facilities, our leases do not prohibit cannabis cultivation for adult-use that is permissible under the state and local laws where our facilities are located. Consequently, certain of our tenants currently (and additional tenants may in the future) cultivate adult-use cannabis in our medical-use cannabis facilities, as permitted by such state and local laws now or in the future, which may in turn subject the tenant, us and our properties to greater and/or different federal legal and other risks as compared to facilities where cannabis is cultivated exclusively for medical use, including not providing protection under the Congressional spending bill provision described above.
Previous wording
Additionally, financial transactions involving proceeds generated by cannabis-related conduct can form the basis for prosecution under the federal money laundering statutes, unlicensed money transmitter statutes and the Bank Secrecy Act. The penalties for violation of these laws include imprisonment, substantial fines and forfeiture. Prior to the DOJ’s rescission of the Cole Memo, supplemental guidance from the DOJ issued in the 2014 Cole Memorandum directed federal prosecutors to consider the federal enforcement priorities enumerated in the Cole Memo when determining whether to charge institutions or individuals with any of the financial crimes described above based upon cannabis-related activity. This supplemental guidance was followed by the February 14, 2014 FinCEN Memorandum outlining the pathways for financial institutions to provide services to state-sanctioned cannabis businesses consistent with Bank Secrecy Act obligations and in alignment with federal enforcement priorities. Under these guidelines, financial institutions must submit a SAR in connection with all cannabis-related banking activities by any client of such financial institution, in accordance with federal money laundering laws. These cannabis-related SARs are divided into three categories - cannabis limited, cannabis priority, and cannabis terminated - based on the financial institution’s belief that the business in question follows state law, is operating outside of compliance with state law, or where the banking
Current wording
Additionally, financial transactions involving proceeds generated by cannabis-related conduct can form the basis for prosecution under the federal money laundering statutes, unlicensed money transmitter statutes and the Bank Secrecy Act. The penalties for violation of these laws include imprisonment, substantial fines and forfeiture. Prior to the DOJ’s rescission of the Cole Memo, supplemental guidance from the DOJ issued in the 2014 Cole Memorandum directed federal prosecutors to consider the federal enforcement priorities enumerated in the Cole Memo when determining whether to charge institutions or individuals with any of the financial crimes described above based upon cannabis-related activity. This supplemental guidance was followed by the February 14, 2014 FinCEN Memorandum outlining the pathways for financial institutions to provide services to state-sanctioned cannabis businesses consistent with Bank Secrecy Act obligations and in alignment with federal enforcement priorities. Under these guidelines, financial institutions must submit a SAR in connection with all cannabis-related banking activities by any client of such financial institution, in accordance with federal money laundering laws. These cannabis-related SARs are divided into three categories - cannabis limited, cannabis priority, and cannabis terminated - based on the financial institution’s belief that the business in question follows state law, is operating outside of compliance with state law, or where the banking relationship has been terminated, respectively. The FinCEN Memorandum states that in some circumstances, it is permissible for banks to provide services to cannabis-related businesses without risking prosecution for violation of federal money laundering laws. Although the Cole Memo has been rescinded, the FinCEN Memorandum technically remains intact; however, it is unclear whether the current administration will continue to follow the FinCEN Memorandum. The DOJ continues to have the right and power to prosecute crimes committed by banks and financial institutions, such as money laundering and violations of the Bank Secrecy Act, that occur in any state including states that have in some form legalized the sale of cannabis. Further, the conduct of the DOJ’s enforcement priorities could change for any number of reasons. A change in the DOJ’s priorities could result in the DOJ’s prosecuting banks and financial institutions for crimes that were not previously prosecuted.
Previous wording
of operators in that state. According to Global Go Analytics, the illicit market for cannabis remains a much larger portion of overall sales in the state, and state and local authorities have assessed significant taxes on regulated cannabis products, both of which have had the impact of significantly limiting the growth and profitability for operators in the state’s regulated cannabis market. This also extends beyond California, with reports coming from states like Oregon, Massachusetts, and New York that buyers are turning to the illicit cannabis market to avoid state sales taxes. These states report difficulties in enforcement as well, allowing the illicit market to thrive, and limiting the growth and profitability for operators in the regulated markets of those states.
Current wording
For example, we believe that California’s taxation of regulated cannabis at local and state governmental levels and ineffective enforcement policy with respect to illicit cannabis sales have significantly limited the growth and profitability of operators in that state. According to Global Go Analytics, the illicit market for cannabis remains a much larger portion of overall sales in the state, and state and local authorities have assessed significant taxes on regulated cannabis products, both of which have had the impact of significantly limiting the growth and profitability for operators in the state’s regulated cannabis market. This also extends beyond California, with reports coming from states like Oregon, Massachusetts, and New York that buyers are turning to the illicit cannabis market to avoid state sales taxes. These states report difficulties in enforcement as well, allowing the illicit market to thrive, and limiting the growth and profitability for operators in the regulated markets of those states.
Previous wording
involving cannabis proceeds does not require an underlying cannabis-related conviction under federal or state law. Thus, most banks and other financial institutions in the United States do not appear to be comfortable providing banking services to cannabis-related businesses, or relying on this guidance, which can be amended or revoked at any time by the executive branch. In addition to the foregoing, banks may refuse to process debit card payments and credit card companies generally refuse to process credit card payments for cannabis-related businesses. Prior to the DOJ’s announcement in January 2018 of the rescission of the Cole Memo and related memoranda, supplemental guidance from the DOJ directed federal prosecutors to consider the federal enforcement priorities enumerated in the Cole Memo when determining whether to charge institutions or individuals with any of the financial crimes described above based upon cannabis-related activity. It remains unclear what impact the rescission of the Cole Memo will have, but federal prosecutors may increase enforcement activities against institutions or individuals that are conducting financial transactions related to cannabis activities. The increased uncertainty surrounding financial transactions related to cannabis activities may also result in financial institutions discontinuing services to the cannabis industry.
Current wording
Financial transactions involving proceeds generated by cannabis-related conduct can form the basis for prosecution under the federal money laundering statutes, unlicensed money transmitter statute and the Bank Secrecy Act. Previous guidance issued by FinCEN clarified how financial institutions can provide services to cannabis-related businesses consistent with their obligations under the Bank Secrecy Act. However, this guidance does not provide any safe harbors or legal defenses from examination or regulatory or criminal enforcement actions by the DOJ, FinCEN or other federal regulators. Further, prosecution of financial institutions of offenses under the Bank Secrecy Act based on transactions involving cannabis proceeds does not require an underlying cannabis-related conviction under federal or state law. Thus, most banks and other financial institutions in the United States do not appear to be comfortable providing banking services to cannabis-related businesses, or relying on this guidance, which can be amended or revoked at any time by the executive branch. In addition to the foregoing, banks may refuse to process debit card payments and credit card companies generally refuse to process credit card payments for cannabis-related businesses. Prior to the DOJ’s announcement in January 2018 of the rescission of the Cole Memo and related memoranda, supplemental guidance from the DOJ directed federal prosecutors to consider the federal enforcement priorities enumerated in the Cole Memo when determining whether to charge institutions or individuals with any of the financial crimes described above based upon cannabis-related activity. It remains unclear what impact the rescission of the Cole Memo will have, but federal prosecutors may increase enforcement activities against institutions or individuals that are conducting financial transactions related to cannabis activities. The increased uncertainty surrounding financial transactions related to cannabis activities may also result in financial institutions discontinuing services to the cannabis industry.
Previous wording
In addition, federal money laundering statutes and Bank Secrecy Act regulations discourage financial institutions from working with any organization that sells a controlled substance, regardless of whether the state it resides in permits cannabis sales. While the United States House of Representatives has passed the SAFE Banking Act, which would permit commercial banks to offer services to cannabis companies that are in compliance with state law, it remains under consideration by the Senate, and if Congress fails to pass the SAFE Banking Act, the Company’s inability, or limitations on the Company’s ability, to open or maintain bank accounts, obtain other banking services and/or accept credit card and debit card payments may make it difficult for the Company to operate and conduct its business as planned or to operate efficiently.
Current wording
In addition, federal money laundering statutes and Bank Secrecy Act regulations discourage financial institutions from working with any organization that sells a controlled substance, regardless of whether the state it resides in permits cannabis sales. Both the U.S. House and Senate have considered legislation designed to reduce some of the legal risks financial institutions face under current law in providing financial services to state sanctioned cannabis-related businesses. The U.S. House of Representatives has on multiple occasions passed the SAFE Banking Act, which would permit commercial banks to offer services to cannabis companies that are in compliance with state law, however, the bill has not passed in the Senate. In September 2023, the U.S. Senate Banking Committee passed the Secure And Fair Enforcement Regulation Banking Act, or the SAFER Banking Act. As with the SAFE Banking Act, the SAFER Banking Act is designed to provide protections for federally regulated financial institutions that serve state-sanctioned cannabis businesses. The SAFER Banking Act has yet to be brought to the U.S. Senate floor. If Congress fails to pass the SAFE Banking Act, the SAFER Banking Act, or similar comprehensive legislation, the Company’s inability, or limitations on the Company’s ability, to open or maintain bank accounts, obtain other banking services and/or accept credit card and debit card payments may make it difficult for the Company to operate and conduct its business as planned or to operate efficiently.
Previous wording
Owners of properties located in close proximity to our properties may assert claims against us regarding the use of our properties for regulated cannabis cultivation, processing or dispensing, including assertions that the use of the property constitutes a nuisance that diminishes the market value of such owner’s nearby property. Such property owners may also attempt to assert such a claim in federal court as a civil matter under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. If a property owner were to assert such a claim against us, we may be required to devote significant
Current wording
Owners of properties located in close proximity to our properties may assert claims against us regarding the use of our properties for regulated cannabis cultivation, processing or dispensing, including assertions that the use of the property constitutes a nuisance that diminishes the market value of such owner’s nearby property. Such property owners may also attempt to assert such a claim in federal court as a civil matter under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. If a property owner were to assert such a claim against us, we may be required to devote significant resources and costs to defending ourselves against such a claim, and if a property owner were to be successful on such a claim, our tenants may be unable to continue to operate their business in its current form at the property, which could materially adversely impact the tenant’s business and the value of our property, our business and financial results and the trading price of our securities.
Previous wording
The impact of such decisions or rules, if any are promulgated, on existing state-regulated cannabis programs remains unclear, including but not limited to FDA and other federal regulatory agency involvement, the impact of such a decision on potential federal legislative reform such as proposals to de-schedule cannabis and provide greater access to capital markets for state-regulated cannabis operators, and the potential entry into the cannabis markets of large, well-capitalized companies as a result of any re-scheduling.
Current wording
On December 18, 2025, President Trump issued his Executive Order directing the Attorney General to complete the rulemaking process related to rescheduling of marijuana to Schedule III under the CSA that was begun during the Biden Administration. The impact of such decisions or rules, if any are promulgated, on existing state-regulated cannabis programs remains unclear, including but not limited to FDA and other federal regulatory agency involvement, the impact of such a decision on potential federal legislative reform such as proposals to de-schedule cannabis and provide greater access to capital markets for state-regulated cannabis operators, and the potential entry into the cannabis markets of large, well-capitalized companies as a result of any re-scheduling.
Previous wording
As discussed above, cannabis is illegal under federal law. Therefore, there is a compelling argument that the federal bankruptcy courts cannot provide relief for parties who engage in the cannabis or cannabis related businesses. Recent bankruptcy rulings have denied bankruptcies for dispensaries upon the justification that businesses cannot violate federal law and then claim the benefits of federal bankruptcy for the same activity and upon the justification that courts cannot
Current wording
As discussed above, cannabis is illegal under federal law. Therefore, there is a compelling argument that the federal bankruptcy courts cannot provide relief for parties who engage in the cannabis or cannabis related businesses. Recent bankruptcy rulings have denied bankruptcies for dispensaries upon the justification that businesses cannot violate federal law and then claim the benefits of federal bankruptcy for the same activity and upon the justification that courts cannot ask a bankruptcy trustee to take possession of, and distribute cannabis assets as such action would violate the CSA. Therefore, we may not be able to seek the protection of the bankruptcy courts and this could materially affect our business or our ability to obtain credit.
Previous wording
ability to obtain capital to finance the purchase of real estate assets could be negatively impacted. In addition, banks and other financial institutions may be reluctant to enter into lending transactions with us, particularly secured lending, because we intend to acquire properties used in the cultivation, production or dispensing of cannabis. If this source of funding is unavailable to us, our growth may be limited and our levered return on the properties we purchase may be lower.
Current wording
Our access to capital will depend upon a number of factors over which we have little or no control, including general market conditions, restrictions imposed on potential investors and other capital markets participants due to our tenants’ operations in the regulated cannabis industry, and the market’s perception of our current and potential future earnings. If general economic instability or downturn leads to an inability to borrow at attractive rates or at all, our ability to obtain capital to finance the purchase of real estate assets could be negatively impacted. In addition, banks and other financial institutions may be reluctant to enter into lending transactions with us, particularly secured lending, because we intend to acquire properties used in the cultivation, production or dispensing of cannabis. If this source of funding is unavailable to us, our growth may be limited and our levered return on the properties we purchase may be lower.
Previous wording
In recent years, general financial conditions have deteriorated significantly, which has also significantly reduced our access to capital. If sustained, this would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results ofoperations, including our ability to continue to make acquisitions of new properties and fund draws for future improvements at existing properties.
Current wording
In recent years, general financial conditions have deteriorated significantly, which has also significantly reduced our access to capital. If sustained, this would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including our ability to continue to make acquisitions of new properties and fund draws for future improvements at existing properties.
Previous wording
As of December 31, 2024, we had outstanding $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Notes due 2026. Payments of principal and interest on our Notes due 2026 and borrowings that we may incur in the future, including pursuant to the Revolving Credit Facility, may leave us with insufficient cash resources to operate our properties or to pay the distributions currently contemplated or necessary to satisfy the requirements for REIT qualification. Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by these debt agreements could have significant material and adverse consequences, including the following:
Current wording
As of December 31, 2025, we had$291.2 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of our Notes due 2026. Payments of principal and interest on our Notes due 2026 and borrowings that we may incur in the future, including pursuant to the Credit Facilities, may leave us with insufficient cash resources to operate our properties or to pay the distributions currently contemplated or necessary to satisfy the requirements for REIT qualification. Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by these debt agreements could have significant material and adverse consequences, including the following:
Previous wording
Theterms governing our Notes due 2026 and the Revolving Credit Facility include restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to respond to changing market conditions and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Current wording
Theterms governing our Notes due 2026 and the Credit Facilities include restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to respond to changing market conditions and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Previous wording
The indenture governing the Notes due 2026 and the Loan Agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility each contains financial and operating covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to take specific actions, even if we believe them to be in our best interest, including restrictions on our ability to (1) consummate a merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and (2) incur additional secured and unsecured indebtedness.
Current wording
The indenture governing the Notes due 2026 and the Loan Agreements governing the Credit Facilities each contains financial and operating covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to take specific actions, even if we believe them to be in our best interest, including restrictions on our ability to (1) consummate a merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and (2) incur additional secured and unsecured indebtedness. In addition, our Credit Facilities are subject to borrowing conditions, borrowing-base limitations, and financial and other covenants that may restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness.
Previous wording
The covenants relating to our Notes due 2026 and Revolving Credit Facilitymay adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our operating plans. Our ability to comply with these covenants and other provisions relating to our indenture governing the Notes due 2026 and the Loan Agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility may be affected by changes in our operating and financial performance, changes in general business and economic conditions, adverse regulatory developments or other events adversely impacting us. The breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our indebtedness, which could cause those and other obligations to become due and payable. If any of our indebtedness is accelerated, we may not be able to repay it, pursue our business plan or make distributions to our stockholders.
Current wording
The covenants relating to our Notes due 2026 and Credit Facilitiesmay adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our operating plans. Our ability to comply with these covenants and other provisions relating to our indenture governing the Notes due 2026 and the Loan Agreements governing the Credit Facilities may be affected by changes in our operating and financial performance, changes in general business and economic conditions, adverse regulatory developments or other events adversely impacting us. The breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our indebtedness, which could cause those and other obligations to become due and payable. If any of our indebtedness is accelerated, we may not be able to repay it, pursue our business plan or make distributions to our stockholders.
Previous wording
The “control share” provisions of the MGCL provide that, subject to certain exceptions, a holder of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation (defined as shares which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding “control shares”) has no voting rights with respect to such shares except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding
Current wording
The “control share” provisions of the MGCL provide that, subject to certain exceptions, a holder of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation (defined as shares which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding “control shares”) has no voting rights with respect to such shares except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding votes entitled to be cast by the acquirer of control shares, our officers and our personnel who are also our directors. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future by our board of directors.
Previous wording
We are a holding company with no business operations of our own. Our only significant asset is and will be the general and limited partnership interests in our Operating Partnership. We conduct, and intend to continue to conduct, all of our business operations through our Operating Partnership. Accordingly, our only source of cash to pay our obligations is distributions from our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries of their net earnings and cash flows. We cannot assure our stockholders that our Operating Partnership or its subsidiaries will be able to, or be permitted to, make distributions to us that will enable us to make distributions to our stockholders from cash flows from operations. Each of our Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries is or will be a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from such entities. In addition, because we are a holding company, your claims as stockholders will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and
Current wording
We are a holding company with no business operations of our own. Our only significant asset is and will be the general and limited partnership interests in our Operating Partnership. We conduct, and intend to continue to conduct, all of our business operations through our Operating Partnership. Accordingly, our only source of cash to pay our obligations is distributions from our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries of their net earnings and cash flows. We cannot assure our stockholders that our Operating Partnership or its subsidiaries will be able to, or be permitted to, make distributions to us that will enable us to make distributions to our stockholders from cash flows from operations. Each of our Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries is or will be a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from such entities. In addition, because we are a holding company, your claims as stockholders will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries will be able to satisfy your claims as stockholders only after all of our and our Operating Partnership’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and obligations have been paid in full. Furthermore, U.S. bankruptcy courts have generally refused to grant bankruptcy protections to cannabis businesses.
Previous wording
Subject to applicable law, our board of directors, without stockholder approval, may authorize us to issue additional shares of our common stock or to raise capital through the issuance of preferred stock (including equity or debt securities convertible into preferred stock), options, warrants and other rights, on terms and for consideration as our board of directors in its sole discretion may determine. Any such issuance could result in dilution of the equity of our
Current wording
Subject to applicable law, our board of directors, without stockholder approval, may authorize us to issue additional shares of our common stock or to raise capital through the issuance of preferred stock (including equity or debt securities convertible into preferred stock), options, warrants and other rights, on terms and for consideration as our board of directors in its sole discretion may determine. Any such issuance could result in dilution of the equity of our stockholders. Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Previous wording
Furthermore, we intend to file an automatic shelf registration statement, which may permit us, from time to time, to offer and sell common stock, preferred stock, warrants and other securities to the extent necessary or advisable to meet our liquidity needs.
Current wording
Furthermore, we have filed a registration statement with the SEC, allowing us, from time to time, to offer and sell common stock, preferred stock, warrants and other securities to the extent necessary or advisable to meet our liquidity needs.
Previous wording
As of December 31, 2024, 28,331,833 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding, and we had reserved an additional 457,654 shares of common stock for future issuance under our 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). In addition, as of December 31, 2024, we had $490.0 million in shares of common stock and/or Series A Preferred Stock available for future issuance under the ATM Program. The existence of operating partnership units, shares of Series A Preferred Stock, shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2016 Plan and shares available for future issuance under the ATM Program may adversely affect the terms upon which we may be able to obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities.
Current wording
As of December 31, 2025, 28,022,975 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding, and we had reserved an additional 336,921 shares of common stock for future issuance under our 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). In addition, as of December 31, 2025, we had $464.9 million in shares of common stock and/or Series A Preferred Stock available for future issuance under the ATM Program. The existence of operating partnership units, shares of Series A Preferred Stock, shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our 2016 Plan and shares available for future issuance under the ATM Program may adversely affect the terms upon which we may be able to obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities.
Previous wording
U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)), and that it pay U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its taxable income. We may not continue our current level of distributions to stockholders. Our board of directors will determine future distributions based on a number of factors, including cash available for distribution, economic conditions, operating results, our financial condition, especially in relation to our anticipated future capital needs, then current expansion plans, the distribution requirements for REITs, and other factors our board deems relevant. In
Current wording
U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)), and that it pay U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its taxable income. We may not continue our current level of distributions to stockholders. Our board of directors will determine future distributions based on a number of factors, including cash available for distribution, economic conditions, operating results, our financial condition, especially in relation to our anticipated future capital needs, then current expansion plans, the distribution requirements for REITs, and other factors our board deems relevant. In addition, we may borrow money, sell assets or use offering proceeds to make distributions to our stockholders, if we are unable to make distributions from cash flows from operations.
Previous wording
provide no assurances that we will have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these requirements. Difficulties in meeting the distribution requirements might arise due to competing demands for available funds or timing differences between tax reporting and cash receipts. In addition, if the Service were to disallow certain of our deductions, such as employee salaries, depreciation or interest expense, by alleging that we, through our rental agreements with our state-licensed medical cannabis tenants, are primarily or vicariously liable for “trafficking” a Schedule I substance (cannabis) under Section 280E of the Code or otherwise, we would be unable to meet the distribution requirements and would fail to qualify as a REIT. Likewise, if any governmental entity were to impose fines on us for our business involvement in state-licensed cannabis, such fines would not be deductible and the inability to deduct such fines could also cause us to be unable to satisfy the distribution requirement.
Current wording
To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders, on an annual basis, at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. In addition, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income (including net capital gain) and will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount by which our distributions in any calendar year are less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax laws. We intend to distribute our net income to our stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy the REIT 90% distribution requirement and to avoid U.S. federal income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax. However, we can provide no assurances that we will have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these requirements. Difficulties in meeting the distribution requirements might arise due to competing demands for available funds or timing differences between tax reporting and cash receipts. In addition, if the Service were to disallow certain of our deductions, such as employee salaries, depreciation or interest expense, by alleging that we, through our rental agreements with our state-licensed medical cannabis tenants, are primarily or vicariously liable for “trafficking” a Schedule I substance (cannabis) under Section 280E of the Code or otherwise, we would be unable to meet the distribution requirements and would fail to qualify as a REIT. Likewise, if any governmental entity were to impose fines on us for our business involvement in state-licensed cannabis, such fines would not be deductible and the inability to deduct such fines could also cause us to be unable to satisfy the distribution requirement.
Previous wording
If we are deemed to be subject to Section 280E of the Code because of the business activities of our tenants, the resulting disallowance of tax deductions could cause us to incur U.S. federal income tax and jeopardize our REIT status.
Current wording
If we are deemed to be subject to Section 280E of the Code because of the business activities of our tenants, the resulting disallowance of tax deductions while cannabis remains a Schedule I drug could cause us to incur U.S. federal income tax and jeopardize our REIT status.
Previous wording
Section 280E of the Code provides that, with respect to any taxpayer, no deduction or credit is allowed for expenses incurred during a taxable year “in carrying on any trade or business if such trade or business (or the activities which comprise such trade or business) consists of trafficking in controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the CSA) which is prohibited by federal law or the law of any State in which such trade or business is conducted.” Because cannabis is a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, Section 280E by its terms applies to the purchase and sale of cannabis products. Although we will not be engaged in the purchase, sale, growth, cultivation, harvesting, or processing of cannabis products, we will lease our properties to tenants who will engage in such activities, and therefore our tenants will likely be subject to Section 280E. If the Service were to take the position that, through our rental agreements with our state-licensed cannabis tenants, we are primarily or vicariously liable under federal law for “trafficking” a Schedule 1 substance (cannabis) under section 280E of the Code or for any other violations of the CSA, the Service may seek to apply the provisions of Section 280E to our company and disallow certain tax deductions, including for employee salaries, depreciation or interest expense. If such tax deductions are disallowed, we would be unable to meet the distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the Code, which could cause us to incur U.S. federal income tax and fail to qualify as a REIT. Because we are not engaged in the purchase and/or sale of a controlled substance, we do not believe that we will be subject to the disallowance provisions of Section 280E, and neither we nor our tax advisors are aware of any tax court cases or guidance from the Service in which a taxpayer not engaged in the purchase or sale of a controlled substance was disallowed deductions under Section 280E. However, there is no assurance that the Service will not take such a position either currently or in the future.
Current wording
Section 280E of the Code provides that, with respect to any taxpayer, no deduction or credit is allowed for expenses incurred during a taxable year “in carrying on any trade or business if such trade or business (or the activities which comprise such trade or business) consists of trafficking in controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the CSA) which is prohibited by federal law or the law of any State in which such trade or business is conducted.” Because cannabis is presently a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, Section 280E by its terms applies to the purchase and sale of cannabis products. Although we will not be engaged in the purchase, sale, growth, cultivation, harvesting, or processing of cannabis products, we will lease our properties to tenants who will engage in such activities, and therefore our tenants will likely be subject to Section 280E. If the Service were to take the position that, through our rental agreements with our state-licensed cannabis tenants, we are primarily or vicariously liable under federal law for “trafficking” a Schedule I substance (cannabis) under section 280E of the Code or for any other violations of the CSA, the Service may seek to apply the provisions of Section 280E to our company and disallow certain tax deductions, including for employee salaries, depreciation or interest expense. If such tax deductions are disallowed, we would be unable to meet the distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the Code, which could cause us to incur U.S. federal income tax and fail to qualify as a REIT. Because we are not engaged in the purchase and/or sale of a controlled substance, we do not believe that we will be subject to the disallowance provisions of Section 280E, and neither we nor our tax advisors are aware of any tax court cases or guidance from the Service in which a taxpayer not engaged in the purchase or sale of a controlled substance was disallowed deductions under Section 280E. However, there is no assurance that the Service will not take such a position either currently or in the future. If any of the efforts to reclassify cannabis to a Schedule III drug are successful, this will not eliminate these risks for periods prior to the effective date of any reclassification.
Previous wording
In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, no more than 20% of the value of our total securities can be represented by securities of one or more TRSs, and the aggregate value of debt instruments issued by public REITs held by us that are not otherwise secured by real property may not exceed 25% of the value of our total assets. If we fail to comply with these asset requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we generally must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences.
Current wording
In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, no more than 20% (25%, effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025, due to changes made in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA)) of the value of our total securities can be represented by securities of one or more TRSs, and the aggregate value of debt instruments issued by public REITs held by us that are not otherwise secured by real property may not exceed 25% of the value of our total assets. If we fail to comply with these asset requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we generally must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences.
Showing the first 40 of 44 pairs. Open the source sections for the rest.
Rearranged current paragraphs (49)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Many of our tenants are, and we expect that many of our future tenants will be, companies with limited histories of operations and may be unable to pay rent with funds from operations or at all.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•The inability of any single tenant to make its lease payments could adversely affect our business.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Our real estate investments consist of primarily properties suitable for cultivation and production of cannabis, which may be difficult to sell or re-lease upon tenant defaults or lease terminations.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Our growth depends, in part, upon future acquisitions of regulated cannabis facilities.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•There may only be a limited number of cannabis facilities operated by suitable tenants available for acquisition.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Our tenants may be unable to renew or otherwise maintain their licenses for their cannabis operations.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•We are exposed to the potential impacts of future climate change.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Our properties’ access to adequate water and power supplies could be interrupted.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Certain of our tenants engage in operations for the adult-use cannabis industry, which may subject us and our properties to additional risks associated with such adult-use cannabis operations.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•New laws adverse to the business of our tenants may be enacted, and current favorable national, state or local laws or enforcement guidelines relating to cannabis operations may be modified or eliminated in the future.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•We and our tenants may have difficulty accessing the service of banks and other financial institutions.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•The properties that we acquire are subject to extensive regulations, which may result in significant costs.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Our growth depends on external sources of capital, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•A downgrade in our investment grade credit rating could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•We depend on our Operating Partnership for cash flow and are structurally subordinated in right of payment.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Our Operating Partnership may issue additional limited partnership interests to third parties without the consent of our stockholders, which would reduce the distributions we can make to our stockholders.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•The market prices and trading volumes of our capital stock have been and may continue to be volatile.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Capital stock eligible for future sale may have material and adverse effects on our share price.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•We cannot assure you of our ability to make distributions in the future.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Our charter permits us to pay distributions from any source and, as a result, the amount of distributions paid at any time may not reflect the performance of our properties or our cash flow from operations.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•The market price of our capital stock could be materially, adversely affected by our level of cash distributions.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego attractive business opportunities or asset sales.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•The tax on prohibited transactions could limit what transactions we make or subject us to a 100% penalty tax.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividends from regular corporations.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•The occurrence of cyber incidents or cyberattacks could disrupt our operations and damage our business.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•Contingent or unknown liabilities could materially and adversely affect our business.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Continuing unfavorable market dynamics affecting the regulated cannabis industry could adversely affect our business, liquidity and financial condition, and overall results of operations.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
•declines in unit pricing for regulated cannabis products;
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
The assets we acquire may be subject to impairment charges.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
We face significant risks associated with the development and redevelopment of properties that we acquire.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
We are currently subject to securities lawsuits and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which may divert management’s attention and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Liability for uninsured losses could adversely affect our financial condition.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Cannabis remains illegal under federal law, and therefore, strict enforcement of federal laws regarding cannabis would likely result in our inability and the inability of our tenants to execute our respective business plans.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Our ability to grow our business depends on state laws pertaining to the cannabis industry.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Laws and regulations affecting the regulated cannabis industry are constantly changing, which could materially adversely affect our operations, and we cannot predict the impact that future regulations may have on us.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Assets leased to cannabis businesses may be forfeited to the federal government.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
We may have difficulty accessing bankruptcy courts.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Compliance with environmental laws could materially increase our operating expenses.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Our senior management team manages our portfolio subject to very broad investment guidelines.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Our board of directors may change our investment objectives and strategies without stockholder consent.
Showing the first 40 of 49 passages. Open the source sections for the rest.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (19)
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
Single tenants currently occupy our properties generally, and we expect that single tenants will occupy our properties that we acquire in the future. Therefore, the success of our investments will be materially dependent on the financial stability of these tenants. We rely on our management team to perform due diligence investigations of our
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
The realization of any of the risks above or other delays in development and redevelopment activities at a property may also materially adversely impact our tenant’s ability to commence, continue or expand its operations, which may
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
local authorizations necessary to continue its cannabis operations, such tenants may default on their lease payments to us.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
December 31, 2024. Circumstances and developments related to operations in these markets that could negatively affect our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations include, but are not limited to, the following factors:
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
climate change on our properties could adversely affect our ability to lease or sell such properties or to borrow using such properties as collateral.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
total potential investment in the project $23.0 million. We may invest in other such loans in the future. Construction loans involve an increased risk of loss and other risks that are different from owning and leasing properties, including the following risks:
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
relationship has been terminated, respectively. The FinCEN Memorandum states that in some circumstances, it is permissible for banks to provide services to cannabis-related businesses without risking prosecution for violation of federal money laundering laws. Although the Cole Memo has been rescinded, the FinCEN Memorandum technically remains intact; however, it is unclear whether the current administration will continue to follow the FinCEN Memorandum. The DOJ continues to have the right and power to prosecute crimes committed by banks and financial institutions, such as money laundering and violations of the Bank Secrecy Act, that occur in any state including states that have in some form legalized the sale of cannabis. Further, the conduct of the DOJ’s enforcement priorities could change for any number of reasons. A change in the DOJ’s priorities could result in the DOJ’s prosecuting banks and financial institutions for crimes that were not previously prosecuted.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
For example, we believe that California’s taxation of regulated cannabis at local and state governmental levels and ineffective enforcement policy with respect to illicit cannabis sales have significantly limited the growth and profitability
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
Financial transactions involving proceeds generated by cannabis-related conduct can form the basis for prosecution under the federal money laundering statutes, unlicensed money transmitter statute and the Bank Secrecy Act. Previous guidance issued by FinCEN clarified how financial institutions can provide services to cannabis-related businesses consistent with their obligations under the Bank Secrecy Act. However, this guidance does not provide any safe harbors or legal defenses from examination or regulatory or criminal enforcement actions by the DOJ, FinCEN or other federal regulators. Further, prosecution of financial institutions of offenses under the Bank Secrecy Act based on transactions
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
resources and costs to defending ourselves against such a claim, and if a property owner were to be successful on such a claim, our tenants may be unable to continue to operate their business in its current form at the property, which could materially adversely impact the tenant’s business and the value of our property, our business and financial results and the trading price of our securities.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
ask a bankruptcy trustee to take possession of, and distribute cannabis assets as such action would violate the CSA. Therefore, we may not be able to seek the protection of the bankruptcy courts and this could materially affect our business or our ability to obtain credit.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
Our access to capital will depend upon a number of factors over which we have little or no control, including general market conditions, restrictions imposed on potential investors and other capital markets participants due to our tenants’ operations in the regulated cannabis industry, and the market’s perception of our current and potential future earnings. If general economic instability or downturn leads to an inability to borrow at attractive rates or at all, our
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
votes entitled to be cast by the acquirer of control shares, our officers and our personnel who are also our directors. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future by our board of directors.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
obligations of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries will be able to satisfy your claims as stockholders only after all of our and our Operating Partnership’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and obligations have been paid in full. Furthermore, U.S. bankruptcy courts have generally refused to grant bankruptcy protections to cannabis businesses.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
stockholders. Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
addition, we may borrow money, sell assets or use offering proceeds to make distributions to our stockholders, if we are unable to make distributions from cash flows from operations.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders, on an annual basis, at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. In addition, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income (including net capital gain) and will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount by which our distributions in any calendar year are less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal income tax laws. We intend to distribute our net income to our stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy the REIT 90% distribution requirement and to avoid U.S. federal income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax. However, we can
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
such tax deductions are disallowed, we would be unable to meet the distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the Code, which could cause us to incur U.S. federal income tax and fail to qualify as a REIT.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
We rely on technology to run our business, and as such we are subject to risk from cyber incidents, including cyberattacks attempting to gain unauthorized access to our systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data or steal