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TruGolf Holdings, Inc.

For the period ended May 19, 2025. Filed May 19, 2025.

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What shareholders are asked to vote on at a company's meeting. It is where to find what directors and top executives are paid, and who owns the most shares.

May 19, 2025 · Filed May 19, 2025

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TRUG$0.52-9.4%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026
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Proposal 2: Reverse Split Proposal

PROPOSAL 2:

REVERSE SPLIT PROPOSAL

General

The Board has unanimously approved and stockholders are being asked to approve the reverse split amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation in substantially the form attached hereto as Annex C (the “Reverse Split Amendment”) to effect a reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the “common stock”), at a reverse stock split ratio of between 1-for-5 to 1-for-75 (or any whole number in between), as determined by the Board in its sole discretion, prior to the one-year anniversary of this Special Meeting. If stockholders approve and adopt the proposed Reverse Split Amendment to affect the reverse stock split, the Board will have the authority, but not the obligation, in its sole discretion, and without further action on the part of the stockholders, to select one of the approved reverse stock split ratios and effect the approved reverse stock split. The reverse stock split will become effective on the date set forth in the Reverse Split Amendment as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Effective Date”). Notwithstanding any approval of the proposed Reverse Split Amendment by our stockholders, the Board may, at its sole discretion, abandon the proposed Reverse Split Amendment and determine prior to the Effective Date not to affect any reverse stock split, as permitted under Section 242(c) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

If implemented, the reverse stock split will be realized simultaneously for all outstanding common stock and the ratio determined by our Board will be the same for all outstanding shares of common stock. The reverse stock split will affect all holders of shares of our common stock uniformly and each stockholder will hold the same percentage of our common stock outstanding immediately following the reverse stock split as that stockholder held immediately prior to the reverse stock split, except for adjustments that may result from the treatment of fractional shares as described below. The number of authorized shares of common stock and capital stock will not be impacted as a result of the Reverse Split Amendment, however, refer to Proposal 3 regarding the changes in authorized capital stock of the Company.

Purpose of the Reverse Stock Split Proposal; Nasdaq Delisting Proceedings

Our common stock is currently quoted on the Nasdaq Global Market, and we are therefore subject to its continued listing requirements, including requirements with respect to the market value of publicly held shares, market value of listed shares, minimum bid price per share, and minimum stockholder’s equity, among others, and requirements relating to board and committee independence. If we fail to satisfy one or more of the requirements, we may be delisted from the Nasdaq Global Market.

On November 5, 2024, we received a written notification from the Nasdaq Staff notifying us that, for the 30 consecutive business days ended November 4, 2024, our common stock did not maintain a minimum bid price of $1 per share. Nasdaq stated in its letter that in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) (the “Bid Price Rule”), we have a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Bid Notice (the “Compliance Period”), and that we may regain compliance if the closing bid on our common stock is at least $1 for a minimum of ten consecutive days during the Compliance Period, which ended May 5, 2025. Although we will not complete the reverse split prior to the end of the Compliance Period, we are seeking this approval to effect the reverse stock split as soon as possible.

In addition to the Bid Price Rule, the Board believes that by reducing the number of shares of common stock outstanding through the reverse stock split and thereby proportionately increasing the per share price of the Company’s common stock, the Company’s common stock may be more appealing to institutional investors and institutional funds. The Board also believes that the stockholders also may benefit from a higher priced stock because of improved liquidity as a result of an increased interest from institutional investors and investments funds and lower trading costs.

The Board believes that stockholder approval of multiple reverse stock split ratios (rather than a single reverse stock split ratio) provides the Board with maximum flexibility to achieve the purposes of the reverse stock split. If the stockholders approve this Proposal 2, the reverse stock split will be affected, if at all, only upon determination by the Board that the reverse stock split is in the Company’s and its stockholders’ best interests at that time. In connection with any determination to affect the reverse stock split, the Board will set the time for such a split and select the specific ratio from the proposed reverse stock split ratios included in this Proposal 2. These determinations will be made by the Board with the intention to create the greatest marketability for the Company’s common stock based upon prevailing market conditions at that time.

The Board reserves its right to elect not to proceed, and abandon, the reverse stock split if it determines, in its sole discretion, that this proposal is no longer in the best interests of the Company’s stockholders.

Certain Risk Associated with the Reverse Stock Split

Before voting on this Proposal 2, you should consider the following risks associated with the implementation of the reverse stock split.

●While the Board believes that a higher stock price may help generate investor interest, there can be no assurance that the reverse stock split will result in any particular price for the Company’s common stock or result in a per share price that will attract institutional investors or investment funds or that such share price will satisfy the investing guidelines of institutional investors or investment funds. As a result, the trading liquidity of the Company’s common stock may not necessarily improve.
●There can be no assurance that the market price per new share of the Company’s common stock after a reverse stock split will remain unchanged or increase in proportion to the reduction in the number of old shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding before the reverse stock split. Many companies have completed reverse splits and had their trading price fall significantly. Accordingly, the total market capitalization of the Company’s common stock after the reverse stock split may be lower than the total market capitalization before the reverse stock split. Moreover, in the future, the market price of the Company’s common stock following the reverse stock split may not exceed or remain higher than the market price prior to the reverse stock split.
●Although we expect that the reverse stock split will result in an increase in the market price of our common stock, we cannot assure you that the reverse stock split, if implemented, will increase the market price of our common stock in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of common stock outstanding or result in a permanent increase in the market price. The effect the reverse stock split may have upon the market price of our common stock cannot be predicted with any certainty, and the history of similar reverse stock splits for companies in similar circumstances to ours is varied. If the reverse stock split is affected and the market price of the Company’s common stock declines, the percentage decline may be greater than would occur in the absence of a reverse stock split. The market price of the Company’s common stock will, however, also be based on performance and other factors, which are unrelated to the number of shares outstanding. Furthermore, the liquidity of the Company’s common stock could be adversely affected by the reduced number of shares that would be outstanding after the reverse stock split.
●The reverse stock split may result in some stockholders owning “odd lots” of less than 100 shares of our common stock on a post-split basis. These odd lots may be more difficult to sell, or require greater transaction costs per share to sell, than shares in “round lots” of even multiples of 100 shares.

Determination of Ratio

The ratio of the reverse stock split, if approved and implemented, will be a ratio of between 1-for-5 to 1-for-75 (or any whole number in between), as determined by the Board in its sole discretion, prior to the one-year anniversary of this Special Meeting. Even if approved, the Board will have discretion to delay or not to implement the reverse stock split.

In determining the reverse stock split ratio, our Board will consider numerous factors, including:

●the historical and projected performance of our common stock;
●general economic and other related conditions prevailing in our industry and in the marketplace;
●the projected impact of the selected reverse stock split ratio on trading liquidity in our common stock;
●our capitalization (including the number of shares of our common stock issued and outstanding);
●the prevailing trading price for our common stock and the volume level thereof; and
●potential devaluation of our market capitalization as a result of a reverse stock split.

The purpose of asking for authorization to amend our Certificate of Incorporation to implement the reverse stock split at a ratio to be determined by the Board, as opposed to a ratio fixed in advance, is to give our Board the flexibility to take into account then-current market conditions and changes in price of our common stock and to respond to other developments that may be deemed relevant when considering the appropriate ratio.

Board Discretion to Implement the Reverse Stock Split

If the reverse stock split is approved by the Company’s stockholders, it will be affected, if at all, only upon a determination by the Board that a reverse stock split (at a ratio determined by the Board as described above) is in the best interests of the Company and the stockholders. The Board’s determination as to whether the reverse stock split will be affected and, if so, at what ratio, will be based upon certain factors, including existing and expected marketability and liquidity of the Company’s common stock, prevailing market conditions and the likely effect on the market price of the Company’s common stock. If the Board determines to affect the reverse stock split, the Board will consider various factors in selecting the ratio including the overall market conditions at the time and the recent trading history of the common stock.

Principal Effects of the Reverse Stock Split

A reverse stock split refers to a reduction in the number of outstanding shares of a class of a corporation’s capital stock, which may be accomplished, as in this case, by reclassifying and combining all our outstanding shares of common stock into a proportionately smaller number of shares. For example, if our Board decides to implement a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of our common stock, then a stockholder holding 10,000 shares of our common stock before the reverse stock split would instead hold 1,000 shares of our common stock immediately after the reverse stock split. The reverse stock split will affect all our stockholders uniformly and will not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership interests in our company or proportionate voting power, except for minor adjustments due to the cash payments as a result of the treatment of fractional shares. No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the reverse stock split. Instead, holders of common stock who would otherwise receive a fractional share of common stock pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split will receive cash in lieu of the fractional share as explained more fully below.

The principal effect of the reverse stock split will be that (i) the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding will be reduced to a number of shares between and including one-half to one-fiftieth that amount, as the case may be based on the ratio for the reverse stock split as determined by our Board, and (ii) all outstanding options, warrants, and convertible notes entitling the holders thereof to purchase shares of common stock will enable such holders to purchase, upon exercise of their options, warrants, or convertible notes, as applicable, between and including one-half to one- fiftieth of the number of shares of common stock which such holders would have been able to purchase upon exercise of their options, warrants, or convertible notes, as applicable, immediately preceding the reverse stock split at an exercise price equal to between and including 5 to 50 times the exercise price specified before the reverse stock split, resulting in essentially the same aggregate price being required to be paid therefor upon exercise thereof immediately preceding the reverse stock split, as the case may be based on the ratio for the reverse stock split as determined by our Board.

The following table, which is for illustrative purposes only, illustrates the effects of the reverse stock split at certain exchange ratios within the foregoing range, without giving effect to any adjustments for fractional shares of common stock, on our outstanding shares of common stock and authorized shares of capital stock as of May 7, 2025.

Before Reverse Stock Split · After Reverse Stock Split And Share Increase Amendment
1-for-5 · 1-for-10 · 1-for-20 · 1-for-25 · 1-for-30 · 1-for-50 · 1-for-75
Class A Common Stock Authorized90,000,000650,000,000650,000,000650,000,000650,000,000650,000,000650,000,000650,000,000
Class B Common Stock Authorized10,000,00010,000,00010,000,00010,000,00010,000,00010,000,00010,000,00010,000,000
Class A Common Stock Issued and Outstanding31,417,1246,283,4253,141,7121,570,8561,256,6851,047,237628,342418,895
Class B Common Stock Issued and Outstanding9,999,9992,000,0001,000,000500,000400,000333,333200,000133,333
Class A Common Stock Authorized and Unissued58,582,876643,716,575646,858,288648,429,144648,743,315648,952,763649,371,658649,581,105
Class B Common Stock Authorized and Unissued18,000,0009,000,0009,500,0009,600,0009,666,6679,800,0009,866,667

The Reverse Split Amendment will not change the terms of our common stock. The shares of new common stock will have the same voting rights and rights to dividends and distributions and will be identical in all other respects to the common stock now authorized. The common stock issued pursuant to the reverse stock split will remain fully paid and non-assessable. The reverse stock split is not intended as, and will not have the effect of, a “going private transaction” covered by Rule 13e-3 under the Exchange Act. We will continue to be subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

Accounting Matters

The reverse stock split will not affect the par value of our common stock. As a result, on the effective date of the reverse stock split, the stated capital on our balance sheet attributable to the common stock will be reduced to between and including one-half to one fiftieth of its present amount, as the case may be based on the ratio for the reverse stock split as determined by our Board, and the additional paid-in capital account shall be credited with the amount by which the stated capital is reduced. Our per share net loss will be retroactively increased for each period because there will be fewer shares of our common stock outstanding.

Effect on Authorized by Unissued Shares

The reverse stock split will have the effect of significantly increasing the number of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. The number of authorized shares of common stock will not be decreased and will remain at 650,000,000 assuming the approval of Proposal 3. Because the number of outstanding shares will be reduced as a result of the reverse stock split, the number of shares available for issuance will be increased. See the table above under the section titled “Principal Effects of the Reverse Stock Split” that shows the number of unreserved shares of common stock that would be available for issuance at various reverse stock split ratios.

Potential Anti-Takeover and Dilutive Effects

The purpose of the reverse stock split is not to establish any barriers to a change of control or acquisition of the Company. However, because the number of authorized shares of common stock will remain at 650,000,000 assuming the approval of Proposal 3, this proposal, if adopted and implemented, will result in a relative increase in the number of authorized but unissued shares of our common stock as compared to the outstanding shares of our common stock and could, under certain circumstances, have an anti-takeover effect. Shares of common stock that are authorized but unissued provide our Board with flexibility to effect, among other transactions, public or private financings, mergers, acquisitions, stock dividends, stock splits and the granting of equity incentive awards. However, these authorized but unissued shares may also be used by our Board, consistent with and subject to its fiduciary duties, to deter future attempts to gain control of us or make such actions more expensive and less desirable. After implementation of the proposed Reverse Split Amendment, our Board will continue to have authority to issue additional shares from time to time without delay or further action by the stockholders except as may be required by applicable law or the Nasdaq listing standards, assuming the Company remains listed on Nasdaq. Our Board is not aware of any attempt to take control of our business and has not considered the reverse stock split to be a tool to be utilized as a type of anti-takeover device. We currently have no plans, proposals or arrangements to issue any shares of common stock that would become newly available for issuance as a result of the reverse stock split.

In addition, if we do issue additional shares of our common stock, the issuance could have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and the book or market value of the outstanding common stock, depending on the circumstances, and would likely dilute a stockholder’s percentage voting power in the Company. Holders of common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Our Board intends to take these factors into account before authorizing any new issuance of shares.

Procedure for Effecting the Reverse Stock Split and Exchange of Stock Certificates

If the Proposal 2 is approved by our stockholders, the reverse stock split would become effective at such time prior to the one-year anniversary of this Special Meeting as it is deemed by our Board to be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders, and we file the Reverse Split Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Even if Proposal 2 is approved by our stockholders, our Board has discretion not to carry out or to delay in carrying out the reverse stock split. Upon the filing of the Reverse Split Amendment, all the old common stock will be converted into new common stock as set forth in the Reverse Split Amendment.

As soon as practicable after the Effective Date of the reverse stock split, stockholders will be notified that the reverse stock split has been affected. If you hold shares of common stock in a book-entry form, you will receive a transmittal letter from our transfer agent as soon as practicable after the Effective Date of the reverse stock split with instructions on how to exchange your shares. After you submit your completed transmittal letter, a transaction statement will be sent to your address of record as soon as practicable after the Effective Date of the reverse stock split indicating the number of post-reverse stock split shares of common stock you hold.

After the Effective Date, the Company’s common stock will each have new committee on uniform securities identification procedures (“CUSIP”) numbers, which is a number used to identify the Company’s equity securities, and stock certificates with the older CUSIP numbers will need to be exchanged for stock certificates with the new CUSIP numbers by following the procedures described above.

After the Effective Date, the Company will continue to be subject to periodic reporting and other requirements of the Exchange Act. We anticipate that our common stock will continue to be reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “TRUG.”

Beginning on the Effective Date of the reverse stock split, each book-entry notation evidencing pre-split shares will be deemed for all corporate purposes to evidence ownership of post-split shares.

Cash Payment In Lieu of Fractional Shares

No fractional shares of common stock will be issued as a result of any Reverse Stock Split. Instead, in lieu of any fractional shares to which a stockholder of record would otherwise be entitled as a result of the Reverse Stock Split, we will pay cash (without interest) equal to such fraction multiplied by the average of the closing sales prices of the common stock on the Nasdaq during regular trading hours for the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the Effective Time (with such average closing sales prices being adjusted to give effect to the Reverse Stock Split). After the Reverse Stock Split, a stockholder otherwise entitled to a fractional interest will not have any voting, dividend or other rights with respect to such fractional interest except to receive payment as described above.

As of May 7, 2025, there were 32 stockholders of record of our common stock. Upon stockholder approval of this Proposal 2, if our Board elects to implement the proposed Reverse Stock Split, stockholders owning, prior to the Reverse Stock Split, less than the number of whole shares of common stock that will be combined into one share of common stock in the Reverse Stock Split would no longer be stockholders. Holders of as many as 9 shares (if we were to implement the 1-for-10 Reverse Stock Split) of common stock would be eliminated as a result of the cash payment in lieu of any issuance of fractional shares or interests in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. The exact number by which the number of holders of the common stock would be reduced will depend on the number of stockholders that hold less than 9 shares as of the effective date of the Reverse Stock Split. As of the Record Date, there were 38 holders of record of the common stock, none of which was a holder of fewer than 9 shares of common stock. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, assuming a Reverse Stock Split ratio of 1-for-10, we estimate that cashing out fractional stockholders would not reduce the number of stockholders of record.

In addition, we do not intend for this transaction to be the first step in a series of plans or proposals of a “going private transaction” within the meaning of Rule 13e-3 of the Exchange Act.

Record and Beneficial Stockholders

If this Proposal 2 is approved by our stockholders and our Board elects to implement a Reverse Stock Split, stockholders of record holding all of their shares of our common stock electronically in book-entry form under the direct registration system for securities will be automatically exchanged by the exchange agent and will receive a transaction statement at their address of record indicating the number of new post-split shares of our common stock they hold after the Reverse Stock Split along with payment in lieu of any fractional shares. Non-registered stockholders holding common stock through a bank, broker or other nominee should note that such banks, brokers or other nominees may have different procedures for processing the Reverse Stock Split and making payment for fractional shares than those that would be put in place by us for registered stockholders. If you hold your shares with such a bank, broker or other nominee and if you have questions in this regard, you are encouraged to contact your nominee.

If this Proposal 2 is approved by our stockholders and our Board elects to implement a Reverse Stock Split, stockholders of record holding some or all of their shares in certificate form will receive a letter of transmittal from us or our exchange agent, as soon as practicable after the effective date of the Reverse Stock Split. Our transfer agent is expected to act as “exchange agent” for the purpose of implementing the exchange of stock certificates.

No Dissenter’s Rights

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, our stockholders are not entitled to dissenter’s rights with respect to the reverse stock split and we will not independently provide our stockholders with any such right.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations of the Reverse Stock Split

The following discussion summarizes certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations of the reverse stock split that would be expected to apply generally to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of our common stock. This summary is based upon current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, existing Treasury Regulations under the Code and current administrative rulings and court decisions, all of which are subject to change or different interpretation. Any change, which may or may not be retroactive, could alter the tax consequences to us or our stockholders as described in this summary. No ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, has been or will be requested in connection with the reverse stock split, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the statements and conclusions set forth below or that a court would not sustain any such challenge.

This summary is general in nature, and no attempt has been made to comment on all U.S. federal income tax consequences of the reverse stock split that may be relevant to particular U.S. Holders, including, among others, holders: (i) who are subject to special tax rules such as dealers, brokers and traders in securities, mutual funds, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance companies, banks or other financial institutions or tax-exempt entities; (ii) who acquired their shares in connection with stock options, stock purchase plans or other compensatory transactions; (iii) who hold their shares as a hedge or as part of a hedging, straddle, “conversion transaction”, “synthetic security”, integrated investment or any risk reduction strategy; (iv) who are partnerships, limited liability companies that are not treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, S corporations, or other pass-through entities or investors in such pass-through entities; (v) who do not hold their shares as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, property held for investment within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code); (vi) who hold their shares through individual retirement or other tax-deferred accounts; (vii) who have a functional currency for United States federal income tax purposes other than the U.S. dollar; (viii) who actually or constructively own five percent or more of our common stock; or (ix) who are otherwise subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws or who are otherwise subject to special tax rules.

In addition, the following discussion does not address state, local or foreign tax consequences of the reverse stock split, the Medicare tax on net investment income, U.S. federal estate and gift tax, the alternative minimum tax, the rules regarding qualified small business stock within the meaning of Section 1202 of the Code, or any other aspect of any U.S. federal tax other than the income tax. The discussion assumes that for U.S. federal income tax purposes the reverse stock split will not be integrated or otherwise treated as part of a unified transaction with any other transaction. Furthermore, the following discussion does not address the tax consequences of transactions effectuated before, after or at the same time as the reverse stock split, whether or not they are in connection with the reverse stock split.

For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. Holder means a beneficial owner of our common stock who is: (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust (other than a grantor trust) if (A) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

HOLDERS OF OUR COMMON STOCK ARE ADVISED AND EXPECTED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT IN LIGHT OF THEIR PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT UNDER U.S. FEDERAL NON-INCOME TAX LAWS AND STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN TAX LAWS.

Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Reverse Stock Split

The reverse stock split is intended to be treated as a tax-deferred “recapitalization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 368(a)(1)(E) of the Code. The remainder of the discussion assumes the reverse stock split will qualify as a recapitalization.

Generally, the reverse stock split is expected to be treated as a “recapitalization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore is not expected to result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes, except as described below with respect to cash received in lieu of fractional shares (which fractional share generally is treated as received and then exchanged for cash). The adjusted basis of the new shares of common stock will be the same as the adjusted basis of the common stock exchanged for such new shares. The holding period of the new, post-reverse stock split shares of the common stock resulting from implementation of the reverse stock split will include the stockholder’s respective holding periods for the pre-reverse stock split shares. Stockholders who acquired their shares of our common stock on different dates or at different prices should consult their tax advisors regarding the allocation of the tax basis of such shares.

A holder of pre-reverse stock split shares that receives cash in lieu of a fractional share of post-reverse stock split shares should generally be treated as having received such fractional share pursuant to the reverse stock split and then as having exchanged such fractional share for cash in a redemption by the Company. The amount of any gain or loss should be equal to the difference between the ratable portion of the tax basis of the pre-reverse stock split shares exchanged in the reverse stock split that is allocated to such fractional share and the cash received in lieu thereof. In general, any such gain or loss will constitute a long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such pre-reverse stock split shares exceeds one year at the time of the reverse stock split. Deductibility of capital losses by holders is subject to limitations. Special rules may apply to cause all or a portion of the cash received in lieu of a fractional share to be treated as a distribution under Section 301 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (rather than as a sale or exchange), with respect to certain U.S. Holders who own more than a minimal amount of our common stock and whose proportionate interest in the Company is not reduced (after taking into account certain constructive ownership rules), or who exercise more than a minimal degree of voting or other type of control over the affairs of the Company. Stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax effects to them of receiving cash in lieu of fractional shares based on their particular circumstances.

A U.S. Holder of our common stock may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding on cash paid in lieu of fractional shares in connection with the reverse stock split. A U.S. Holder of our common stock will be subject to backup withholding if such holder is not otherwise exempt and such holder does not provide its taxpayer identification number in the manner required or otherwise fails to comply with applicable backup withholding tax rules.

No gain or loss is expected to be recognized by us as a result of the reverse stock split.

TAX MATTERS ARE COMPLICATED, AND THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE REVERSE STOCK SPLIT, INCLUDING APPLICABLE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS, DEPEND UPON THE PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES OF EACH U.S. HOLDER. ACCORDINGLY, EACH U.S. HOLDER IS ADVISED TO CONSULT THE HOLDER’S TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO ALL OF THE POTENTIAL TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THE U.S. HOLDER OF A REVERSE STOCK SPLIT.

To approve Proposal 2 at the Special Meeting the votes cast for the proposal must exceed the votes cast against the proposal. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

The Board recommends that stockholders vote FOR the approval of the amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of our outstanding shares of common stock at a reverse stock split ratio of between 1-for-5 to 1-for-75 (or any whole number in between), as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, prior to the one-year anniversary of this Special Meeting.

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