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Context Therapeutics Inc.

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Mar 23, 2026.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Mar 23, 2026

CNTX$0.19+3.0%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-20.

0001842952-25-000028

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-03-23.

0001628280-26-020498

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 110 previous paragraphs and 105 current paragraphs.

67 unchanged; 27 reworded; 11 added; 14 removed; 2 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 3 previous and 3 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (11)

Current report

During the year ended December 31, 2025, cash used in investing activities was attributable to a payment of $2.0 million under the BioAtla License Agreement for the achievement of a development milestone for CT-202, and purchases of property and equipment totaling $34,000.

Current report

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we used approximately $15,000, of cash in financing activities related to the payment of remaining offering costs from the sale of ATM Shares under our ATM Sales Agreement.
Removed paragraphs (14)

Previous report

On March 22, 2023, we announced a portfolio prioritization and capital allocation strategy, including discontinuing the development of ONA-XR and focusing on the development of CTIM-76. Based upon the challenging market conditions for emerging companies, the increasingly competitive landscape for breast cancer treatments, recent study findings, and other factors, we decided to cease development and explore strategic options for ONA-XR. As a result, we no longer primarily focus on female cancers.

Previous report

We expect to continue to incur net operating losses for at least the next several years, and we expect our research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, and capital expenditures will continue to increase. We expect our expenses and capital requirements will increase significantly in connection with our ongoing activities as we:

Previous report

•continue nonclinical studies and initiate clinical trials for CTIM-76, CT-95, CT-202 and for any additional product candidates that we may pursue;

Previous report

•continue to scale up external manufacturing capacity with the aim of securing sufficient quantities to meet our capacity requirements for clinical trials and potential commercialization;

Previous report

•establish a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any approved product candidate and related additional commercial manufacturing costs;

Previous report

•develop, maintain, expand, protect and enforce our intellectual property portfolio, including patents, trade secrets and know how;

Previous report

•acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies, including related upfront, milestone and royalty payments;

Previous report

•attract, hire and retain additional executive officers, clinical, scientific, quality control, and manufacturing management and administrative personnel;

Previous report

•add clinical, operational, financial and management information systems and personnel, including personnel to support our product development and planned future commercialization efforts;

Previous report

•expand our operations in the United States and to other geographies; and

Previous report

We did not have cash flows from investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Previous report

We did not have cash flows from financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Reworded paragraphs (27)

Previous wording

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company advancing TCE bispecific antibodies for solid tumors. We are building an innovative portfolio of TCE bispecific therapeutics, including CTIM-76, a CLDN6 x CD3 TCE, CT-95, an MSLN x CD3 TCE, and CT-202, a Nectin-4 x CD3 TCE.

Current wording

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company advancing TCE bispecific antibodies for solid tumors. Our goal is to build an innovative portfolio of TCE bispecific therapeutics, including CTIM-76, a CLDN6 x CD3 TCE, CT-95, an MSLN x CD3 TCE, and CT-202, a Nectin-4 x CD3 TCE.

Previous wording

CTIM-76 is a CLDN6 x CD3 TCE that is intended to redirect T-cell-mediated lysis toward malignant cells expressing CLDN6. CLDN6 is a tight junction membrane protein target expressed in multiple solid tumors and absent from or expressed at low levels in healthy adult tissues. IND-enabling studies on CTIM-76 have been completed. On May 2, 2024, we announced the FDA cleared our IND application to support the initiation of a Phase 1 dose escalation and expansion trial of CTIM-76 in patients with CLDN6-positive gynecologic and testicular cancers. We dosed the first patient in our CTIM-76 Phase 1 trial in January 2025. We expect to share initial data for the CTIM-76 Phase 1 trial in the first half of 2026.

Current wording

CTIM-76 is a CLDN6 x CD3 TCE that is intended to redirect T-cell-mediated lysis toward malignant cells expressing CLDN6. CLDN6 is a tight junction membrane protein target expressed in multiple solid tumors and absent from or expressed at low levels in healthy adult tissues. We have an active IND for CTIM-76 with the FDA. We dosed the first patient in our CTIM-76 Phase 1 clinical trial in January 2025. We expect to share Phase 1a interim data for the CTIM-76 trial in June 2026.

Previous wording

CT-95 is an MSLN x CD3 TCE that is intended to redirect T-cell-mediated lysis toward malignant cells expressing MSLN. MSLN is a membrane protein overexpressed in approximately 30% of cancers. We anticipate dosing the first patient in the CT-95 Phase 1 trial in the second quarter of 2025. We expect to share initial data for the CT-95 Phase 1 trial in the middle of 2026.

Current wording

CT-95 is an MSLN x CD3 TCE that is intended to redirect T-cell-mediated lysis toward malignant cells expressing MSLN. MSLN is a membrane protein overexpressed in approximately 30% of cancers. We dosed the first patient in our CT-95 Phase 1 trial in April 2025. We expect to share Phase 1a interim data for the CT-95 trial in September 2026.

Previous wording

CT-202 is a Nectin-4 x CD3 TCE that targets Nectin-4, a cell surface protein that is highly and frequently overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors, including bladder, colorectal, lung and breast. Nectin-4 is a clinically validated target for cancer therapy using a traditional antibody-drug conjugate (“ADC”), but it is also associated with certain adverse events, including neuropathy and rash. CT-202 is a pH-dependent TCE that is designed to be preferentially active within the tumor microenvironment. We expect to file an IND application for CT-202 in the middle of 2026.

Current wording

CT-202 is a Nectin-4 x CD3 TCE that targets Nectin-4, a cell surface protein that is highly and frequently overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors, including bladder, colorectal, lung and breast. Nectin-4 is a clinically validated target for cancer therapy using a traditional antibody-drug conjugate, but it is also associated with certain adverse events, including neuropathy and rash. CT-202 is a pH-dependent TCE that is designed to be preferentially active within the tumor microenvironment. We submitted our application to the HREC in March 2026 to support the initiation of a first-in-human trial for CT-202. We expect to dose the first patient in our CT-202 Phase 1 trial in the third quarter of 2026.

Previous wording

We were incorporated in April 2015 under the laws of the State of Delaware. Since inception, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to developing product and technology rights, conducting research and development, organizing and staffing our company, business planning and raising capital. We operate as one business segment and have incurred recurring losses, the majority of which are attributable to research and development activities, and negative cash flows from operations. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of convertible debt, convertible preferred stock, common stock and warrants. Our net loss was $26.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $94.8 million.

Current wording

We were incorporated in April 2015 under the laws of the State of Delaware. Since inception, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to developing product and technology rights, conducting research and development, organizing and staffing our company, business planning and raising capital. We operate as one business segment and have incurred recurring losses, the majority of which are attributable to research and development activities, and negative cash flows from operations. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of common stock, warrants, convertible debt and convertible preferred stock. Our net loss was $36.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $130.9 million.

Previous wording

On February 29, 2024, we amended the Integral License Agreement to reflect updated financial terms. In the course of our further due diligence review of CTIM-76, we determined that certain of the licensed rights under the Integral License Agreement may incorporate intellectual property rights currently held by a third party. Specifically, we are aware of issued patents in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions expiring in January 2034 that potentially cover certain parts of the intellectual property included in CTIM-76. While we believe we will have reasonable defenses against any potential claim of infringement, we may not be successful in such efforts, and we also may not be able to obtain a license to such patent on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Current wording

In April 2021, we entered into a collaboration and licensing agreement with Integral Molecular, Inc. (“Integral”) (the “Integral License Agreement”) for the development of a CLDN6 bsAb for cancer therapy. On February 29, 2024, we further amended (the "Second Amendment") the Research Collaboration and License Agreement (the “Integral License Agreement”, as amended) with Integral to reflect updated financial terms. In the course of our further due diligence review of CTIM-76, we determined that certain of the licensed rights under the Integral License Agreement may incorporate intellectual property rights currently held by a third party. Specifically, at the time of the Second Amendment, we were aware of issued patents in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions expiring in January 2034, and then in 2025 became aware of a patent that issued in the United States expiring in March 2042, in each instance that potentially covers certain parts of the intellectual property included in CTIM-76. While we believe we will have reasonable defenses against any potential claim of infringement, we may not be successful in such efforts, and we also may not be able to obtain a license to such patent on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Previous wording

On July 9, 2024, we entered into the Asset Purchase Agreement pursuant to which we acquired CT-95 (formerly known as LNK-101), from Link, which succeeded to the assets of Link Immunotherapeutics Inc. The FDA previously cleared the IND application for CT-95.

Current wording

On July 9, 2024, we entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which we acquired CT-95 (formerly known as LNK-101), from Link (assignment for the benefit of creditors), LLC (“Link”), which succeeded to the assets of Link Immunotherapeutics Inc. The FDA previously cleared the IND application for CT-95.

Previous wording

Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, we purchased the Transferred Assets on an “as is” and “where is” basis. CT-95 patents are currently being prosecuted and/or maintained in the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan and Taiwan. We also assumed certain liabilities relating to the Transferred Assets. In consideration of the Transferred Assets, we made a one-time payment to Link of $3.75 million.

Current wording

Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, we purchased all of the assets of Link associated with CT-95, including patent rights, know-how, regulatory filings, and inventory of drug substance and drug product (the “Transferred Assets”), on an “as is” and “where is” basis. CT-95 patents are currently being prosecuted and/or maintained in the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan and Taiwan. We also assumed certain liabilities relating to the Transferred Assets. In consideration of the Transferred Assets, we made a one-time payment to Link of $3.75 million.

Previous wording

On September 23, 2024, we entered into the BioAtla License Agreement with BioAtla, pursuant to which we obtained an exclusive, worldwide license to develop, manufacture and commercialize the BioAtla Asset, including BA3362 (renamed by the Company as CT-202), BioAtla’s Nectin-4 x CD3 TCE.

Current wording

On September 23, 2024, we entered into a license agreement (the “BioAtla License Agreement”) with BioAtla, Inc. ("Bioatla"), pursuant to which we obtained an exclusive, worldwide license to develop, manufacture and commercialize two licensed antibodies (the “BioAtla Assets”), including BA3362 (renamed by the Company as CT-202), BioAtla’s Nectin-4 x CD3 TCE bispecific antibody.

Previous wording

As partial consideration for the exclusive license under the BioAtla License Agreement, we made an upfront payment of $11.0 million, and BioAtla is eligible to receive up to $122.5 million in additional milestone payments based upon the achievement of specified pre-clinical, clinical, development and commercial milestones, as well as tiered mid-single digit to low double-digit royalties on future net sales for products containing the BioAtla Assets, subject to standard reductions.

Current wording

As partial consideration for the exclusive license under the BioAtla License Agreement, we made an upfront payment of $11.0 million, and BioAtla is eligible to receive up to $122.5 million in additional milestone payments based upon the achievement of specified pre-clinical, clinical, development and commercial milestones, as well as tiered mid-single-digit to low double-digit royalties on future net sales for products containing the BioAtla Assets, subject to standard reductions. In October 2025, we achieved a $2.0 million development milestone under the BioAtla License Agreement, which we paid to BioAtla in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $94.4 million, which we expect will be sufficient to fund our operations into 2027. If the Company is unable to obtain additional financing, the lack of liquidity could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future prospects.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $66.0 million, which we expect will be sufficient to fund the estimated duration of the Phase 1a dose escalation portions of our CTIM-76 and CT-95 trials, the estimated expenses to initiate patient enrollment in a first-in-human trial for CT-202, as well as our operations into mid-2027. If the Company is unable to obtain additional financing, the lack of liquidity could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future prospects.

Previous wording

On December 2, 2024, we entered into the ATM Sales Agreement with Agent. Pursuant to the terms of the ATM Sales Agreement, we may offer and sell ATM Shares having an aggregate offering amount of up to $75.0 million from time to time through the Agent. Sales of the ATM Shares may be made in sales deemed to be an “at-the-market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. The Agent will be entitled to a commission from the Company of 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of ATM Shares sold under the ATM Sales Agreement. On December 23, 2024, the Company sold 14,705,882 shares of its common stock under the ATM Sales Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million.

Current wording

On December 2, 2024, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the “ATM Sales Agreement”) with Leerink Partners LLC (the “Agent”). Pursuant to the terms of the ATM Sales Agreement, we may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering amount of up to $75.0 million from time to time through the Agent (the “ATM Shares”). Sales of the ATM Shares may be made in sales deemed to be an “at-the-market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. On December 23, 2024, we sold 14,705,882 shares of our common stock under the ATM Sales Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $14.5 million. On October 24, 2025, we entered into Amendment No. 1 to Sales Agreement (the “Amendment”, and together with the ATM Sales Agreement, the “Amended ATM Sales Agreement”) to provide for an increase in the aggregate offering amount under the Amended ATM Sales Agreement, such that following the filing of a new prospectus supplement with respect to the ATM Shares on October 24, 2025, we may offer and sell ATM Shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million, exclusive of ATM Shares previously sold in December 2024. The Agent will be entitled to a commission from the Company of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of ATM Shares sold under the Amended ATM Sales Agreement.

Previous wording

On May 1, 2024, we entered into the Purchase Agreement for the Private Placement of (i) 59,032,259 PIPE Shares at a purchase price of $1.55 per PIPE Share and (ii) Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase 5,482,741 Warrant Shares at a purchase price of $1.549 per Pre-Funded Warrant. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share of common stock, are immediately exercisable and remain exercisable until exercised in full. The aggregate gross proceeds for the Private Placement were approximately $100 million, before deducting offering expenses of $5.2 million, and the Private Placement closed on May 6, 2024.

Current wording

On May 1, 2024, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) for the private placement (the “Private Placement”) of (i) 59,032,259 shares (the “PIPE Shares”) of our common stock at a purchase price of $1.55 per PIPE Share, and (ii) pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase 5,482,741 shares of common stock (the “Warrant Shares”) at a purchase price of $1.549 per Pre-Funded Warrant. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share of common stock, are immediately exercisable and remain exercisable until exercised in full. The aggregate gross proceeds for the Private Placement were approximately $100 million, before deducting offering expenses of $5.2 million, and the Private Placement closed on May 6, 2024. In September 2025, 2,178,200 Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised on a cashless basis, resulting in the issuance of 2,174,983 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2025, 3,304,541 Pre-Funded Warrants remained outstanding.

Previous wording

•costs of funding research performed by third parties, including pursuant to agreements with CROs that conduct our clinical trials, as well as investigative sites, consultants and CROs that conduct our preclinical and clinical studies;

Current wording

•costs of funding research performed by third parties, including pursuant to agreements with contract research organizations (“CROs”) that conduct our clinical trials, as well as investigative sites, consultants and CROs that conduct our preclinical and clinical studies;

Previous wording

We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future to support our continued research and development activities, potential commercialization efforts and increased costs of operating as a public company. These increases will likely include increased costs related to the hiring of additional personnel and fees to outside consultants, legal support and accountants, among other expenses. Additionally, we will continue to incur significant costs associated with being a public company, including expenses related to services associated with maintaining compliance with the requirements of Nasdaq and the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), insurance and investor relations costs. If any of our current or future product candidates obtain U.S. regulatory approval, we expect that we would incur significantly increased expenses associated with building a sales and marketing team.

Current wording

We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future to support our continued research and development activities, potential commercialization efforts and increased costs of operating as a public company. These increases will likely include increased costs related to the hiring of additional personnel and fees to outside consultants, legal support and accountants, among other expenses. Additionally, we will continue to incur significant costs associated with being a public company, including expenses related to services associated with maintaining compliance with the requirements of Nasdaq and the SEC, insurance and investor relations costs. If any of our current or future product candidates obtain U.S. regulatory approval, we expect that we would incur significantly increased expenses associated with building a sales and marketing team.

Previous wording

Other expense is primarily due to the recognition of foreign currency losses as a result of exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than our functional currency.

Current wording

Other income (expense) is primarily due to the recognition of foreign currency gains or losses as a result of exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than our functional currency.

Previous wording

Research and development expenses increased by approximately $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 2023. The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 2023:

Current wording

Research and development expenses increased by approximately $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 as compared to 2024. The following table summarizes our research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 as compared to 2024:

Previous wording

The decrease in ONA-XR expenses of $1.9 million was due to the decision in March 2023 to discontinue development of ONA-XR and focus on the development of CTIM-76. CTIM-76 expenditures decreased by $9.0 million, primarily due to decreases of $6.1 million in contract manufacturing costs mainly due to the completion of manufacturing activities in early 2024 and $5.0 million in preclinical costs as a result of the completion of IND- enabling studies in early 2024. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $2.0 million in clinical costs as a result of initiating our Phase 1 clinical trial. CT-95 expense of$4.9 million primarily represents consideration paid of $3.75 million to acquire the asset from Link in July 2024 and approximately$1.1 million in other expenses, the majority of which were$0.6 million of clinical start up costs. CT-202 expense of$11.2 million primarily represents the $11.0 million consideration paid under the BioAtla License Agreement entered into in September 2024. Personnel-related costs, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, decreased by approximately $0.2 million, primarily due to lower average headcount over the prior year period.

Current wording

CTIM-76 expenditures increased by $1.3 million, primarily due to an increase of $3.1 million in clinical costs as a result of continued progression of our ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $1.0 million in preclinical costs as a result of the completion of IND-enabling studies in early 2024 and a decrease of $0.8 million in contract manufacturing costs. CT-95 expense of $4.9 million for 2025 primarily represents $3.7 million in clinical costs and $1.2 million in preclinical, contract manufacturing, and diagnostic development expenses incurred. CT-95 expense of$4.9 millionfor 2024 primarily represents consideration paid of $3.75 million to acquire the asset from Link in July 2024 and approximately $1.1 million in other expenses, the majority of which was $0.6 million of clinical start up costs. CT-202 expense of$15.6 million for 2025 primarily represents $8.7 million in contract manufacturing costs, $4.7 million in preclinical expenses, and a $2.0 million expense related to achieving a development milestone under the BioAtla License Agreement. CT-202 expense of$11.2 million for 2024 primarily represents the $11.0 million consideration paid under the BioAtla License Agreement entered into in September 2024. Personnel-related costs, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, increased by approximately $3.3 million, primarily due to higher headcount over the prior year as well as termination benefits incurred related to certain employee departures. Other research and development expense increased by approximately $0.1 million, due to allocated expenses as a result of higher headcount over the prior year.

Previous wording

General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.1 million from $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in insurance expense of $0.2 million and salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in other administrative costs of $0.2 million.

Current wording

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.6 million from $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $7.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily driven by a $0.7 million increase in salaries and personnel-related costs, including share-based compensation, mainly due to higher headcount and compensation adjustments. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in professional fees of $0.1 million.

Previous wording

Interest income increased by approximately $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 2023, primarily due to higher interest income earned on cash and cash equivalent balances due to the Private Placement and other sales of common stock.

Current wording

Interest income increased by approximately $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 as compared to 2024, primarily due to additional interest earned from higher cash and cash equivalent balances following the Private Placement and other sales of common stock.

Previous wording

Other expense decreased by approximately $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 2023 primarily due to lower foreign currency losses as a result of exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than our functional currency.

Current wording

Other income was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 as compared to other expense of $1,400 in 2024, primarily due to foreign currency gains in 2025 as a result of exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than our functional currency.

Previous wording

Since our inception, we have not recognized any revenue and have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from our operations. We have not yet commercialized any product and we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of any products for several years, if at all. Since our inception through December 31, 2024, we have funded our operations through the sale of convertible debt, convertible preferred stock, common stock and warrants. As of December 31, 2024, we had $94.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and an accumulated deficit of $94.8 million.

Current wording

Since our inception, we have not recognized any revenue and have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from our operations. We have not yet commercialized any product and we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of any products for several years, if at all. Since our inception through December 31, 2025, we have funded our operations through the sale of common stock, warrants, convertible debt and convertible preferred stock. As of December 31, 2025, we had $66.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and an accumulated deficit of $130.9 million.

Previous wording

We expect our cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2024 to fund the estimated duration of the dose escalation portions of our CTIM-76 and CT-95 Phase 1 trials, the estimated expenses through IND filing for CT-202, as well as our operations into 2027. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be imprecise, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect.

Current wording

We expect our cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2025 to fund the estimated duration of the Phase 1a dose escalation portions of our CTIM-76 and CT-95 trials, the estimated expenses to initiate patient enrollment in a first-in-human trial for CT-202, as well as our operations into mid-2027. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be imprecise, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect.

Previous wording

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic transactions and/or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interests of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making acquisitions or capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic transactions or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or other arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research, product development or future commercialization efforts, or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Current wording

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic transactions and/or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interests of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making acquisitions or capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic transactions or marketing, or distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or other arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research, product development or future commercialization efforts, or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Previous wording

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we used $21.0 million of cash in operating activities. Cash used in operating activities reflected our net loss of $24.0 million, partially offset by non-cash share-based compensation of $1.1 million and a net change in our operating assets and liabilities of $1.8 million. The primary uses of cash were to fund our operations related to the development of our current and former product candidates.

Current wording

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we used $26.4 million of cash in operating activities. Cash used in operating activities reflected our net loss of $36.1 million, partially offset by a net change in our operating assets and liabilities of $6.3 million, in-process research and development charges of $2.0 million, and non-cash share-based compensation of $1.3 million. The primary uses of cash were to fund our operations related to the development of our product candidates.

Previous wording

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we used $14.6 million of cash in operating activities. Cash used in operating activities reflected our net loss of $26.7 million and a net change in our operating assets and liabilities of $3.5 million, partially offset by in-process research and development charges of $14.8 million and non-cash share-based compensation of $0.8 million. The primary uses of cash were to fund our operations related to the development of our product candidates.

Current wording

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we used $14.6 million of cash in operating activities. Cash used in operating activities reflected our net loss of $26.7 million and a net change in our operating assets and liabilities of $3.5 million, partially offset by in-process research and development charges of $14.8 million and non-cash share-based compensation of $0.8 million. The primary uses of cash were to fund our operations related to the development of our current and former product candidates.

Previous wording

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs include external costs of outside vendors engaged to conduct clinical studies and other research and development activities, acquired IPR&D, salaries, share-based compensation, and other operational costs related to our research and development activities.

Current wording

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs include external costs of outside vendors engaged to conduct clinical studies and other research and development activities, acquired in-process research and development, salaries, share-based compensation, and other operational costs related to our research and development activities.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (2)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

We expect to have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to fund the estimated duration of the dose escalation portions of our CTIM-76 and CT-95 Phase 1 trials, the estimated expenses through IND filing for CT-202, as well as our operations into 2027.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

•incur additional legal, accounting, investor relations and other expenses associated with operating as a public company.