Samsara Inc.

Previous wording

Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in the following discussion and analysis, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When reviewing the discussion below, you should keep in mind the substantial risks and uncertainties that could impact our business. In particular, we encourage you to review the risks and uncertainties described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” or included elsewhere in this report. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements contained in this report or implied by past results and trends. Forward-looking statements are statements that attempt to forecast or anticipate future developments in our business, financial condition, or results of operations. See the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this report. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of their date (unless another date is indicated), and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements in light of future developments. Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to February 1, resulting in a 52-week or 53-week fiscal year. Our fiscal years 2025 and 2023 each consisted of 52 weeks, with the fourth quarter consisting of 13 weeks, and our fiscal year 2024 consisted of 53 weeks, with the fourth quarter consisting of 14 weeks.

Current wording

Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in the following discussion and analysis, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. When reviewing the discussion below, you should keep in mind the substantial risks and uncertainties that could impact our business. In particular, we encourage you to review the risks and uncertainties described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” or included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or implied by past results and trends. Forward-looking statements are statements that attempt to forecast or anticipate future developments in our business, financial condition, or results of operations. See the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These statements, like all statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, speak only as of their date (unless another date is indicated), and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements in light of future developments. Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to February 1, resulting in a 52-week or 53-week fiscal year. Our fiscal years 2026 and 2025 each consisted of 52 weeks, with the fourth quarter consisting of 13 weeks, and our fiscal year 2024 consisted of 53 weeks, with the fourth quarter consisting of 14 weeks.

Previous wording

To realize this vision, we pioneered the Connected Operations Platform, which is an open platform that connects the people, devices, and systems of some of the world’s most complex operations, allowing them to develop actionable insights and improve their operations.

Current wording

To realize this vision, we pioneered the Connected Operations Platform, which is an open platform that connects the people, assets, and systems of some of the world’s most complex operations, allowing them to develop actionable insights and improve their operations.

Previous wording

Our Connected Operations Platform consolidates data from our IoT devices and a growing ecosystem of connected assets and third-party systems, and makes it easy for organizations to access, analyze, and act on data insights using our cloud dashboard, custom alerts and reports, mobile apps, and workflows. Our differentiated, purpose-built suite of Applications enables organizations to embrace and deploy a digital, cloud-connected strategy across their operations. With Samsara, customers have the ability to drive safer operations, increase business efficiency, and achieve their sustainability goals, all to improve the lives of their employees and the customers they serve.

Current wording

Our Connected Operations Platform consolidates data from our IoT devices and a growing ecosystem of connected assets and third-party systems, and makes it easy for organizations to access, analyze, and act on data insights using our cloud dashboard, custom alerts and reports, mobile apps, and workflows. Powered by our massive and growing data asset and expansive AI technology, our differentiated, purpose-built suite of Applications and Agents enables organizations to embrace and deploy a digital, cloud-connected strategy across their operations. With Samsara, customers have the ability to drive safer operations, increase business efficiency, and achieve their sustainability goals, all to improve the lives of their employees and the customers they serve.

Previous wording

We were founded in 2015 and have achieved significant growth since our inception. For the fiscal years ended February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, our revenue was $1,249.2 million and $937.4 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 33%. Our net loss was $154.9 million and $286.7 million for the fiscal years ended February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively. Our business model focuses on maximizing the lifetime value of our customer relationships, and we continue to make significant investments to grow our customer base.

Current wording

We were founded in 2015 and have achieved significant growth since our inception. For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2026 and February 1, 2025, our revenue was $1,618.6 million and $1,249.2 million, respectively. Our net loss was $9.1 million and $154.9 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2026 and February 1, 2025, respectively. Our business model focuses on maximizing the lifetime value of our customer relationships, and we continue to make significant investments to expand our customers’ use of our Connected Operations Platform.

Previous wording

In each of the past two fiscal years, we generated approximately 98% of our revenue from subscriptions to our Connected Operations Platform, which today includes Applications for Video-Based Safety, Vehicle Telematics, Workforce Apps, Equipment Monitoring, and Site Visibility. A subscription to our Connected Operations Platform includes IoT data collection, which usually comes from a Samsara IoT device, such as an internet gateway, camera or sensor, or at times from a third-party solution; cellular connectivity for our IoT devices; access to our cloud Applications, application programming interfaces, and the Samsara App Marketplace; customer support; and warranty coverage. We generally price our subscriptions on a per asset, per application basis. For example, one vehicle using two Applications (Video-Based Safety and Vehicle Telematics) would count as two subscriptions.

Current wording

In each of the past two fiscal years, we generated approximately 98% of our revenue from subscriptions to our Connected Operations Platform, which today includes Applications for AI Video-Based Safety, Telematics, Asset Tracking, Routing, Commercial Navigation, Maintenance, Connected Training, Connected Forms, and Site Visibility. A subscription to our Connected Operations Platform includes IoT data collection, which usually comes from a Samsara IoT device, such as an internet gateway, camera or sensor, or at times from a third-party solution; cellular connectivity for our IoT devices; access to our cloud Applications, application programming interfaces, and the Samsara App Marketplace; customer support; and warranty coverage. We generally price our subscriptions on a per asset, per application basis. For example, one vehicle using two Applications (AI Video-Based Safety and Telematics) would count as two subscriptions.

Previous wording

As our business has scaled, we have increasingly focused our sales efforts on larger customers. As of February 1, 2025, we had more than 20,000 customers, each representing $10,000 or more in ARR, or Core Customers, and approximately 93% of our ARR came from Core Customers. Our customer counts fluctuate from period to period, including due to customer mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, spin-offs, and other market activity. We have a very diverse customer base and no significant customer concentration, with no single customer accounting for more than 1% of our ARR as of February 1, 2025.

Current wording

As our business has scaled, we have increasingly focused our sales efforts on larger customers. As of January 31, 2026, we had more than 12,000 customers who each represented $25,000 or more in ARR, or Core Customers, and approximately 85% of our ARR came from Core Customers. Our customer counts fluctuate from period to period, including due to customer mergers, acquisitions, consolidations, spin-offs, and other market activity. We have a diverse customer base and no significant customer concentration, with no single customer accounting for more than 2% of our ARR as of January 31, 2026.

Previous wording

We have extended our Applications over time to address the needs of our customers. We started with Applications for connected fleets, where we observed a large and underpenetrated market opportunity, and then expanded into connected equipment and connected sites, where we observed similar opportunities to improve operations around physical assets. As of February 1, 2025, over 80% of our Core Customers and 90% of our customers representing over $100,000 in ARR are using multiple Applications. We believe this demonstrates the flexibility of our solution and our ability to develop and grow new Applications.

Current wording

We have extended our Applications over time to address the needs of our customers. We started with Applications for connected fleets, where we observed a large and underpenetrated market opportunity, and then expanded into connected equipment and connected sites, where we observed similar opportunities to improve operations around physical assets. As of January 31, 2026, over 90% of our Core Customers and over 95% of our customers representing over $100,000 in ARR are using multiple Applications. We believe this demonstrates the flexibility of our solution and our ability to develop and grow new Applications.

Previous wording

While our Connected Operations Platform is accessible to customers of all sizes and we have achieved rapid adoption over time, we are particularly focused on larger customers representing over $100,000 in ARR. As of February 1, 2025, approximately 55% of our ARR came from customers representing over $100,000 in ARR. These customers generally contribute higher revenue, land with multiple products, have higher retention rates, and demonstrate stronger unit economics. The number of our customers representing over $100,000 in ARR has increased over time from 1,848 as of February 3, 2024 to 2,506 customers as of February 1, 2025. Customers representing over $100,000 in ARR generally adopt more Applications than our overall customer base. For example, as of February 1, 2025, more than 90% of these large customers use two or more Applications and more than 60% use three or more Applications.

Current wording

While our Connected Operations Platform is accessible to customers of all sizes and we have achieved rapid adoption over time, we are particularly focused on larger customers representing over $100,000 in ARR. As of January 31, 2026, approximately 61% of our ARR came from customers representing over $100,000 in ARR. These customers generally contribute higher revenue, land with multiple products, have higher retention rates, and demonstrate stronger unit economics. The number of our customers representing over $100,000 in ARR has increased over time from 2,484 as of February 1, 2025 to 3,194 customers as of January 31, 2026. Customers representing over $100,000 in ARR generally adopt more Applications than our overall customer base. For example, as of January 31, 2026, more than 95% of these large customers use two or more Applications and approximately 70% use three or more Applications.

Previous wording

The following table shows a summary of our key business metrics as of the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

Current wording

The following table presents a summary of our key business metrics as of the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

Previous wording

Our performance is driven by continuous innovation on our Connected Operations Platform and our ability to scale our headcount to grow our business. We continuously invest in adding new data types to our Connected Operations Platform and innovate with this growing data asset to introduce new Applications over time. Our performance is also impacted by our ability to scale our headcount across our business to support our growth. We have increased our headcount from 2,895 employees as of the last business day of the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024 to more than 3,500 full-time employees as of the last business day of the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025. We remain committed to investing in our sales and marketing capacity and our research and development organization, and to driving revenue growth globally.

Current wording

Our performance is driven by continuous innovation on our Connected Operations Platform and our ability to scale our operations to grow our business. We continuously invest in adding new data types to our Connected Operations Platform and innovate with this growing data asset to introduce new Applications over time. Our performance is also impacted by our ability to scale our operations across our business to support our growth. We have increased our headcount from more than 3,500 full-time employees as of the last business day of the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 to more than 4,100 full-time employees as of the last business day of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026. We remain committed to investing in our sales and marketing capacity, investing in world-class talent and productivity tools within our research and development organization, and driving revenue growth globally.

Previous wording

Unfavorable conditions in the economy, both in the United States and abroad, may negatively affect the growth of our business and our results of operations. For example, our business and results of operations could be affected by global macroeconomic trends and events such as inflationary pressure, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rate increases and declines in consumer confidence, widespread disruptions of supply chains and freight and shipping channels, increased prices for many goods and services (including fluctuating fuel costs), labor shortages, delayed or reduced spending on IT products, and significant volatility and disruption of financial markets, as well as other conditions arising from international conflicts, such as the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, geopolitical tensions involving China, and the conflict in the Middle East, the outcome of political elections, new monetary, fiscal, and trade policies (including tariff policies and import and export restrictions), and the emergence of public health crises. We are continuously monitoring these global events and other macroeconomic developments and how they may impact us directly or indirectly as a result of the effects on our customers and suppliers.

Current wording

Unfavorable conditions in the economy, both in the United States and abroad, may negatively affect the growth of our business and our results of operations. For example, our business and results of operations, as well as those of our customers, could be affected by global macroeconomic trends and events such as inflationary pressure, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rate increases and declines in consumer confidence, widespread disruptions of supply chains and freight and shipping channels, increased prices for many goods and services (including fluctuating hardware component costs, memory, storage and computing costs, and fuel costs), labor shortages, delayed or reduced spending on technology, and significant volatility and disruption of financial markets, as well as other conditions arising from international conflicts and geopolitical tension, the outcome of political elections, and new monetary, fiscal, and trade policies (including tariff policies and import and export restrictions) in the United States and abroad. We are continuously monitoring these global events and other macroeconomic developments and how they may impact us directly or indirectly as a result of the effects on our customers and suppliers.

Previous wording

We provide access to our Connected Operations Platform through subscription arrangements, whereby the customer is charged a per-subscription fee for access for a specified term. Subscription agreements contain multiple service elements for one or more of our cloud-based Applications via mobile app(s) or a website that enable data collection and provide access to the cellular network, IoT devices (which we also refer to as connected devices), and support services delivered over the term of the arrangement. Our subscription contracts typically have an initial term of three to five years and are generally non-cancelable and non-refundable, subject to limited exceptions under our standard terms of service and other exceptions for public sector customers, who are often subject to annual budget appropriations cycles. Our Connected Operations Platform and IoT devices are highly interdependent and interrelated, and represent a combined performance obligation within the context of the contract.

Current wording

We provide access to our Connected Operations Platform through subscription arrangements, whereby the customer is charged a per-subscription fee for access for a specified term. Subscription agreements contain multiple service elements for one or more of our cloud-based Applications via mobile app(s) or a website that enable data collection and provide access to the cellular network, generally one or more wireless gateways, cameras, sensors and other devices (which we also refer to as connected devices or IoT devices), that are delivered over the term of the arrangement, and warranty coverage. Our subscription contracts typically have an initial term of three to five years and are generally non-cancelable and non-refundable, subject to limited exceptions under our standard terms of service and other exceptions for public sector customers, who are often subject to annual budget appropriations cycles. Our Connected Operations Platform and IoT devices are highly interdependent and interrelated, and represent a combined performance obligation within the context of the contract.

Previous wording

In each of our past two fiscal years, we generated approximately 98% of our revenue from subscriptions to our Connected Operations Platform. The remaining portion of our revenue not generated from subscriptions to our Connected Operations Platform is derived from the sale of replacement IoT devices, including gateways, sensors and cameras, related shipping and handling fees, and professional services.

Current wording

In each of our past two fiscal years, we generated approximately 98% of our revenue from subscriptions to our Connected Operations Platform. The remaining portion of our revenue not generated from subscriptions to our Connected Operations Platform is derived from the sale of replacement IoT devices, shipping and handling fees, and professional services.

Previous wording

Cost of revenue consists primarily of the amortization of IoT device costs associated with subscription agreements, third-party cloud and cellular infrastructure costs, customer support costs, warranty costs, and employee-related costs directly associated with our customer support and operations, including salaries, employee benefits and stock-based compensation, amortization of internal-use software development and certain cloud computing implementation costs, expenses related to shipping and handling, packaging, fulfillment, warehousing, write-downs of excess and obsolete inventory, and costs associated with software subscriptions, office facilities, IT-related expenses, and depreciation and amortization of property and equipment.

Current wording

Cost of revenue consists primarily of the amortization of connected device costs associated with subscription agreements, third-party cloud and cellular costs, employee-related costs directly associated with our customer support and supply chain teams, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation, amortization of internal-use software costs, fulfillment costs, warranty costs, provision for excess and obsolete inventory, and costs associated with software subscriptions and office facilities.

Previous wording

As our customers expand and increase the use of our Connected Operations Platform driven by additional IoT devices and Applications, our cost of revenue may vary from quarter to quarter as a percentage of our revenue due to the timing and extent of these expenses. We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our Connected Operations Platform and customer support and operations personnel as we grow our business. The level and timing of investment in these areas will affect our cost of revenue in the future.

Current wording

As our customers expand and increase the use of our Connected Operations Platform driven by additional IoT devices and Applications, our cost of revenue may vary from quarter to quarter as a percentage of our revenue due to the timing and extent of these expenses. We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our Connected Operations Platform and customer support and operations as we grow our business. The level and timing of investment in these areas will affect our cost of revenue in the future.

Previous wording

Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, employee benefits and stock-based compensation, depreciation and other expenses related to prototyping IoT devices, product initiatives, software subscriptions, hosting and cellular-related costs used in research and development, and costs associated with office facilities, IT-related expenses, and depreciation and amortization of property and equipment. We continue to focus our research and development efforts on adding new features and products and enhancing the utility of our Connected Operations Platform. We capitalize the portion of our internal-use software development costs that meets the criteria for capitalization.

Current wording

Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation, associated with improvements to our platform and current offerings and the development of new products, and costs associated with software subscriptions and office facilities. We continue to focus our research and development efforts on adding new features and products and enhancing the utility of our Connected Operations Platform.

Previous wording

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs directly associated with our sales and marketing activities, including salaries, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, and sales commissions. Sales and marketing expenses also include expenditures related to advertising, media, marketing, promotional costs, free trial expenses, brand awareness activities, business development, corporate partnerships, travel, conferences and events, professional services, and costs associated with software subscriptions, office facilities, IT-related expenses, and depreciation and amortization of property and equipment.

Current wording

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation, and sales commissions incurred to acquire and retain new customers and increase product adoption with our existing customers. Sales and marketing expenses also include marketing activities, promotional events, and costs associated with software subscriptions and office facilities.

Previous wording

We plan to continue to invest in sales and marketing to grow our customer base and increase our brand awareness. As a result, we expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future. Our sales and marketing expenses have fluctuated in the past and may in the future fluctuate as a percentage of our revenue from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses, including seasonally higher spend on conferences and events in the first half of our fiscal year.

Current wording

We plan to continue to invest in sales and marketing to expand our customers’ use of our Connected Operations Platform and increase our brand awareness. As a result, we expect our sales and marketing expenses to generally increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future. Our sales and marketing expenses have fluctuated in the past and may in the future fluctuate as a percentage of our revenue from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses, including seasonally higher spend on promotional events in the first half of our fiscal year.

Previous wording

General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related costs for executive, finance, legal, human resources, facilities, and certain IT personnel, including salaries, employee benefits and stock-based compensation, professional services fees for external legal, accounting, recruiting and other consulting services, bad debt, costs associated with software subscriptions, office facilities, IT-related expenses, and depreciation and amortization of property and equipment.

Current wording

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs for executive, finance, legal, human resources, facilities, and certain IT personnel, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation. General and administrative expenses also include costs related to professional services, including legal, accounting, recruiting and other consulting services, as well as costs associated with software subscriptions and office facilities.

Previous wording

Interest income and other income, net, consists primarily of income earned on our money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and our short-term and long-term investments, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts related to our marketable debt securities, net of associated fees. We also have foreign currency remeasurement gains and losses and foreign currency transaction gains and losses. As we have expanded our global operations, our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currencies has increased, and we expect this to continue.

Current wording

Interest income and other income, net, consists primarily of income earned on our money market funds and marketable debt securities, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and net unrealized gains (losses) on our strategic investments. It also includes the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. As we have expanded our global operations, our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currencies has increased, and we expect this to continue.

Previous wording

Revenue increased by $311.8 million, or 33%, for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 compared to the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024, primarily due to an increase in customer count and increased purchases by existing customers of our subscription offerings, including subscriptions to additional Applications, partially offset by an extra week in our fiscal year 2024.

Current wording

Revenue increased by $369.4 million, or 30%, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 compared to the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025, primarily due to an increase in new customers and increased purchases of subscriptions to our Connected Operations Platform, including subscriptions to additional Applications by existing customers.

Previous wording

Cost of revenue increased by $51.3 million, or 21%, for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 compared to the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024, primarily due to $22.0 million of increased amortization of IoT device costs, $19.1 million of increased infrastructure costs associated with our product offerings, $7.9 million of increased employee-related costs, which included a $6.5 million increase in salaries and benefits and related employer taxes and a $1.4 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, $3.1 million of increased excess and obsolete inventory charges, and $2.2 million of increased amortization of internally-developed software, partially offset by $4.6 million of decreased warranty costs. The increases in amortization of IoT device costs and infrastructure costs were primarily due to increased sales volume year-over-year. The increase in cost of revenue was partially offset by an extra week in our fiscal year 2024.

Current wording

Cost of revenue increased by $78.2 million, or 26%, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 compared to the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025, primarily due to $38.1 million of increased cloud and cellular costs, $21.8 million of increased connected device costs, and $7.9 million of increased employee-related costs, which included a $6.0 million increase in salaries, benefits, and related employer taxes and a $1.9 million increase in stock-based compensation expense. The increases in cloud and cellular costs and connected device costs were primarily due to increased sales volume year-over-year. The increase in employee-related costs was primarily due to increased headcount.

Previous wording

Our gross margin increased to 76% for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 compared to 74% for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024, mainly due to operational efficiencies in IoT device costs, direct labor costs, and warranty charges.

Current wording

Our gross margin increased to 77% for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 compared to 76% for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025, mainly due to operational efficiencies in connected device costs and direct labor costs.

Previous wording

Sales and marketing expense increased by $115.0 million, or 24%, for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 compared to the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024, primarily due to a $88.2 million increase in employee-related costs, which included a $69.4 million increase in salaries and benefits and related employer taxes, a $13.7 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, and a $5.1 million increase in sales commissions, primarily due to increased headcount to support our sales organization. The increase in sales and marketing expense was also due to a $10.0 million increase in travel-related costs and expenses relating to our customer visits, conferences, and other events, a $7.1 million increase in IT-related costs and software subscriptions, a $3.1 million increase in expenses relating to campaign marketing and brand awareness, a $2.8 million increase in expenses relating to professional services, and a $1.7 million increase in free trial expense. The increase in sales and marketing expense was partially offset by an extra week in our fiscal year 2024.

Current wording

Sales and marketing expense increased by $82.1 million, or 14%, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 compared to the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025, primarily due to a $64.1 million increase in employee-related costs, which included a $40.4 million increase in salaries, benefits, and related employer taxes, a $18.6 million increase in sales commissions, and a $5.1 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, primarily due to increased headcount. The increase in sales and marketing expense was also due to a $12.3 million increase in expenditures incurred to generate demand through various marketing channels and promotional events, including our annual conference.

Previous wording

General and administrative expense increased by $39.6 million, or 20%, for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 compared to the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024, primarily due to a $28.0 million increase in employee-related costs, which included a $16.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expense and a $11.6 million increase in salaries and benefits and related employer taxes, primarily due to increased headcount to support the growth of our finance, accounting, human resources, and legal functions. The increase in general and administrative expense was also due to a $14.7 million increase in expenses relating to professional services and a $2.2 million increase in software subscriptions, partially offset by a $4.1 million decrease in bad debt expense. The increase in general and administrative expense was partially offset by an extra week in our fiscal year 2024.

Current wording

General and administrative expense increased by $31.7 million, or 14%, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 compared to the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025, primarily due to a $16.5 million increase in employee-related costs, which included a $11.2 million increase in stock-based compensation expense and a $5.3 million increase in salaries, benefits, and related employer taxes, primarily due to increased headcount. The increase in general and administrative expense was also due to a $9.8 million increase in write-offs against the allowance for credit losses and a $7.5 million increase in consulting and professional services fees.

Previous wording

The provision for income taxes increased by $1.2 million, or 34%, for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025 compared to the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024, primarily due to higher taxes related to our foreign jurisdictions.

Current wording

The provision for income taxes increased by $5.5 million, or 123%, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 compared to the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025, primarily due to the growth of our operations in foreign jurisdictions.

Previous wording

Expenses Excluded from Non-GAAP Performance Financial Measures

Current wording

Expenses (Income) Excluded from Non-GAAP Performance Financial Measures

Previous wording

Stock-based compensation expense-related charges include the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation expense for capitalized software and employer taxes on employee equity transactions. Stock-based compensation expense is excluded because it is a non-cash expense and is dependent on our stock price, which is beyond our control. Further, because of varying available valuation methodologies and award types, we find it useful to exclude stock-based compensation expense in order to better understand our ongoing operational performance. Employer taxes on employee equity transactions, which are a cash expense, are excluded because such taxes are directly tied to the timing and size of employee equity transactions and the future fair market value of our common stock, which may vary from period to period independent of the operating performance of our business.

Current wording

Stock-based compensation expense-related charges include the amortization of deferred stock-based compensation expense for internal-use software and cloud computing arrangements and employer taxes on employee equity transactions. Stock-based compensation expense is a non-cash expense and is dependent on our stock price, which is beyond our control. Accordingly, we find it useful to exclude stock-based compensation expense in order to better understand our ongoing operational performance. Employer taxes on employee equity transactions, which are cash expenses, are excluded because such taxes are directly tied to the timing and size of employee equity transactions and the future fair market value of our common stock, which may vary from period to period independent of the operating performance of our business.

Previous wording

(1)Stock-based compensation expense-related charges included approximately $1.0 million, $0.8 million, and $0.3 million of employer taxes on employee equity transactions for the fiscal years ended February 1, 2025, February 3, 2024, and January 28, 2023, respectively.

Current wording

(1)Stock-based compensation expense-related charges included approximately $1.0 million, $1.0 million, and $0.8 million of employer taxes on employee equity transactions for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2026, February 1, 2025, and February 3, 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

Non-GAAP Income (Loss) from Operations and Non-GAAP Operating Margin

Current wording

Non-GAAP Operating Income and Non-GAAP Operating Margin

Previous wording

We define non-GAAP income (loss) from operations, or non-GAAP operating income (loss), as income (loss) from operations excluding the effect of stock-based compensation expense-related charges, lease modification, impairment, and related charges, and legal settlements. Non-GAAP operating margin is defined as non-GAAP operating income (loss) as a percentage of total revenue. We use non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and non-GAAP operating margin in conjunction with traditional GAAP measures to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and non-GAAP operating margin provide our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period-to-period comparisons of operations. The following table presents a reconciliation of our non-GAAP income (loss) from operations to our GAAP loss from operations for the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages):

Current wording

We define non-GAAP operating income as loss from operations excluding the effect of stock-based compensation expense-related charges, lease modification, impairment, and related charges, and legal settlements. Non-GAAP operating margin is defined as non-GAAP operating income as a percentage of total revenue. We use non-GAAP operating income and non-GAAP operating margin in conjunction with traditional GAAP measures to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that non-GAAP operating income and non-GAAP operating margin provide our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period-to-period comparisons of operations. The following table presents a reconciliation of our non-GAAP operating income to our GAAP loss from operations for the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages):

Previous wording

(1)Stock-based compensation expense-related charges included approximately $18.6 million, $14.1 million, and $4.0 million of employer taxes on employee equity transactions for the fiscal years ended February 1, 2025, February 3, 2024, and January 28, 2023, respectively.

Current wording

(1)Stock-based compensation expense-related charges included approximately $16.3 million, $18.6 million, and $14.1 million of employer taxes on employee equity transactions for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2026, February 1, 2025, and February 3, 2024, respectively.

Previous wording

We define non-GAAP net income (loss) as net income (loss) excluding the effect of stock-based compensation expense-related charges, lease modification, impairment, and related charges, and legal settlements. We use non-GAAP net income (loss) in conjunction with traditional GAAP measures to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that non-GAAP net income (loss) provides our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitates period-to-period comparisons of operations. The following table presents a reconciliation of our non-GAAP net income (loss) to our GAAP net loss for the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages):

Current wording

We define non-GAAP net income as net loss excluding the effect of stock-based compensation expense-related charges, lease modification, impairment, and related charges, and legal settlements. We use non-GAAP net income in conjunction with traditional GAAP measures to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that non-GAAP net income provides our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitates period-to-period comparisons of operations. The following table presents a reconciliation of our non-GAAP net income to our GAAP net loss for the periods presented (in thousands, except percentages):

Previous wording

(3)In January 2024, we settled non-recurring lease-related litigation and made a cash payment of $60.0 million.

Current wording

(3)In January 2024, we settled non-recurring lease-related litigation and made a cash payment of $60.0 million. In November 2025, we settled an unrelated non-recurring legal matter, net of insurance proceeds, for $1.2 million. Both the legal settlement and insurance proceeds individually were not material to our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Previous wording

Since our founding, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities and payments received from our customers. In December 2021, we completed our IPO, which resulted in aggregate net proceeds of $846.7 million, including proceeds from the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock in January 2022 and net of underwriting discounts and commissions. We have generated significant operating losses from our operations, as reflected in our accumulated deficit of $1,610.0 million as of February 1, 2025. We intend to continue investing in our business, and as a result, we may require additional capital resources to execute on our strategic initiatives to grow our business, particularly if we generate negative cash flows in future quarters. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term investments will be sufficient to support working capital, including our non-cancelable arrangements, and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months.

Current wording

Since our founding, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities and payments received from our customers. In December 2021, we completed our IPO, which resulted in aggregate net proceeds of $846.7 million, including proceeds from the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock in January 2022 and net of underwriting discounts and commissions. We have generated significant operating losses from our operations, as reflected in our accumulated deficit of $1,619.1 million as of January 31, 2026. We intend to continue investing in our business, and as a result, we may require additional capital resources to execute on our strategic initiatives to grow our business, particularly if we generate negative cash flows in future quarters. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term investments will be sufficient to support working capital, including our non-cancelable arrangements, and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months.

Previous wording

As of February 1, 2025, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term investments of $977.5 million. Cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash on deposit with banks as well as highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less, when purchased. Our investments primarily consisted of U.S. government and agency securities, corporate notes and bonds, and commercial paper. Our primary uses of cash include personnel-related costs, third-party cloud and cellular infrastructure costs, sales and marketing expenses, overhead costs, and funding other working capital requirements, such as inventory and related connected device costs to meet our performance obligations related to our Connected Operations Platform.

Current wording

As of January 31, 2026, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents, and short-term and long-term investments of $1,236.9 million. Cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash as well as highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less, when purchased. Our investments primarily consisted of U.S. government and agency securities, corporate notes and bonds, and commercial paper. Our primary uses of cash include employee-related expenditures, third-party cloud and cellular costs, sales and marketing expenses, overhead expenses, and funding other working capital requirements, such as inventory and related connected device costs to meet our performance obligations related to our Connected Operations Platform.

Previous wording

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, our growth, our ability to attract and retain customers, the continued market acceptance of our solution, the timing and extent of spending necessary to support our efforts to develop our Connected Operations Platform and meet our performance obligations related to our Connected Operations Platform, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, and the impact of macroeconomic conditions on our and our customers’ and partners’ businesses. Further, we may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services, and technologies. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Current wording

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, our growth, our ability to attract and retain customers, the continued market acceptance of our solution, the timing and extent of spending necessary to support our efforts to develop our Connected Operations Platform and meet our performance obligations related to customers, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, and the impact of macroeconomic conditions on our and our customers’ and partners’ businesses. Further, we may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services, and technologies. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Previous wording

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented (in thousands):

Current wording

The following table presents a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented (in thousands):

Previous wording

Our largest source of operating cash is payments received from our customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for employee-related expenses, sales and marketing expenses, inventory and related connected device costs, third-party cloud and cellular infrastructure costs, and overhead expenses. Although we generated positive cash flows from operations in fiscal year 2025, we generated negative cash flows from operations in the preceding two fiscal years. We have supplemented working capital through net proceeds from the sale of equity securities.

Current wording

Our largest source of operating cash is payments received from our customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for employee-related expenditures, sales and marketing expenses, inventory and related connected device costs, third-party cloud and cellular costs, and overhead expenses. Although we generated positive operating cash flows beginning in fiscal year 2025, we generated negative cash flows from operations in the preceding two fiscal years. We have supplemented working capital through net proceeds from the sale of equity securities.

Previous wording

Cash used in operating activities was $11.8 million for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024. This consisted of a net loss of $286.7 million, which included a charge of $60.0 million for a cash payment made to settle non-recurring lease-related litigation, and adjusted for non-cash charges of $253.7 million, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $21.2 million. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of stock-based compensation expense of $237.1 million, depreciation and amortization of $15.5 million, non-cash legal settlement of $8.7 million, and lease modification, impairment, and related charges of $4.8 million, partially offset by net accretion of discounts on marketable debt securities of $16.9 million. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024 reflect increases in deferred revenue due to the growth of our business, increases in accounts payable and other liabilities due to timing of invoices received from vendors, lower inventories due to operating efficiencies in our order fulfillment processes, and lower operating lease ROU assets, partially offset by higher connected device costs, lower cash collections from customers, higher deferred commissions, and higher prepaid expenses and other current assets during the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024.

Current wording

Cash provided by operating activities was $236.2 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026. This consisted of a net loss of $9.1 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $331.9 million, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $86.6 million. The non-cash charges were primarily composed of stock-based compensation expense of $315.0 million, depreciation and amortization of $24.0 million, and other non-cash charges of $3.5 million, partially offset by net accretion of discounts on marketable debt securities of $10.6 million. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 reflect increased accounts receivable from customers, higher connected device costs and deferred commissions due to the growth of our business, and higher levels of inventories to meet anticipated demand requirements, partially offset by increases in deferred revenue due to the growth of our business and lower vendor payments during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026.