Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

Previous wording

Cboe’s subsidiaries include the largest options exchange and the third largest equities exchange operator in the U.S. In addition, the Company operates Cboe Europe, one of the largest equities exchanges by value traded in Europe, and owns Cboe Clear Europe, a leading pan-European equities and derivatives clearinghouse, BIDS Holdings, which owns a leading block-trading ATS by volume in the U.S., and provides block-trading services with Cboe market operators in Europe, Canada, Australia, and Japan, Cboe Australia, an operator of trading venues in Australia, Cboe Japan, an operator of trading venues in Japan, Cboe Clear U.S., an operator of a regulated clearinghouse, and Cboe Canada Inc., a recognized Canadian securities exchange. Cboe subsidiaries also serve collectively as a leading market globally for exchange-traded products (“ETPs”) listings and trading.

Current wording

Cboe’s subsidiaries include the largest options exchange and the third largest equities exchange operator in the U.S. In addition, the Company operates Cboe Europe Equities (Cboe Europe and Cboe NL equities exchanges), one of the largest equities exchanges by value traded in Europe, and owns Cboe Clear Europe, a leading pan-European clearinghouse, BIDS Holdings, which owns a leading block-trading ATS by volume in the U.S., and provides block-trading services with Cboe market operators in Europe and Canada, Cboe Australia, an operator of a regulated stock exchange in Australia, Cboe Clear U.S., an operator of a regulated clearinghouse, and Cboe Canada, a recognized Canadian securities exchange. Cboe subsidiaries also serve collectively as a leading market globally for exchange-traded products (“ETPs”) listings and trading.

Previous wording

The Company operates six reportable business segments: Options, North American Equities, Europe and Asia Pacific, Futures, Global FX, and Digital, which is reflective of how the Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") reviews and operates the business, as discussed in Note 1 ("Nature of Operations"). The primary measure of segment performance used by the CODM in assessing segment-level performance and the allocation of resources is operating income (loss). The Company's CODM does not assess assets or income and expenses below operating income (loss) at the segment-level as key performance metrics. The Company has aggregated all of its corporate costs, as well as other business ventures, within the Corporate Items and Eliminations totals based on the decision that those activities should not be used to evaluate the operating performance of the segments; however, operating expenses that relate to activities of a specific segment have been allocated to that segment.

Current wording

Segment performance is primarily evaluated on operating income (loss). The CODM uses segment operating income (loss) to allocate resources, including but not limited to employees, financial, and capital resources. The Company's CODM does not assess assets or income and expenses below operating income (loss) at the segment-level as key performance metrics. The Company has aggregated all of its corporate costs, as well as other business ventures, within the Corporate Items and Eliminations totals based on the decision that those activities should not be used to evaluate the operating performance of the segments; however, operating expenses that relate to activities of a specific segment have been allocated to that segment. The Company's CODM primarily reviews operating expenses at the consolidated level for purposes of evaluating actual results versus budgets.

Previous wording

On April 25, 2024, the Company announced plans to refocus the digital asset business to leverage its core strengths in derivatives, technology, and product innovation. On May 31, 2024, the Company halted trading on the Cboe Digital spot market (“Cboe Digital spot market”). The Cboe Digital spot market is closed for all participant and trading purposes. In addition, the Company plans to transition the cash-settled margin Bitcoin and Ether futures contracts, currently available for trading on Cboe Digital Exchange, LLC's Digital Exchange ("Cboe Digital Exchange"), to CFE in the first half of 2025, pending regulatory review. The Company has brought Cboe Clear U.S. (formerly, Cboe Clear Digital) under unified leadership with the Global Head of Clearing, and expects to continue to facilitate the clearing of cash-settled margin Bitcoin and Ether futures contracts.

Current wording

On April 25, 2024, the Company announced plans to refocus the digital asset business to leverage its core strengths in derivatives, technology, and product innovation. Effective May 31, 2024, the Cboe Digital spot market closed for all participant and trading purposes. The Company has brought Cboe Clear U.S. under unified leadership with the Global Head of Clearing and continues to facilitate the clearing of cash-settled margin Bitcoin and Ether futures contracts. The Company retained and presented Digital as a reportable segment through December 31, 2024. As of January 1, 2025, the Company prospectively reorganized the Digital operating segment results into the Futures reporting segment as the Company expected to transition its cash-settled margin Bitcoin and Ether futures contracts, formerly available for trading on the Cboe Digital Exchange to CFE, which was completed on June 9, 2025. Cboe Digital Exchange no longer lists or trades any products. Comparative-period results have been presented for historical purposes but have not been recast as the historical results of the Digital segment were not material, nor do they materially impact the financial results, trends, or forecasts of the Futures segment. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2025, operating results included within the Digital operating segment are presented within the Futures reporting segment.

Previous wording

Options. The Options segment includes options on market indices (“index options”), as well as on the stocks of individual corporations (“equity options”) and on ETPs such as exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), which are “multi-listed” options and listed on a non-exclusive basis. These options are eligible to trade, as applicable, on Cboe Options, C2, BZX, EDGX, and/or other U.S. national security exchanges. Cboe Options is the Company’s primary options market and offers trading in listed options through a single system that integrates electronic trading and traditional open outcry trading on the Cboe Options trading floor in Chicago. C2 Options, BZX Options, and EDGX Options are all-electronic options exchanges, and typically operate with different market models and fee structures than Cboe Options. The Options segment also includes applicable market data fees revenues generated from the consolidated tape plans, the licensing of proprietary options market data, index licensing, routing services, and access and capacity services.

Current wording

Options. The Options segment includes options on market indices (“index options”), as well as on the stocks of individual corporations (“equity options”) and on ETPs such as exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), which are “multi-listed” options and listed on a non-exclusive basis. These options are eligible to trade, as applicable, on Cboe Options, C2, BZX, EDGX, and/or other U.S. national security exchanges. Cboe Options is the Company’s primary options market and offers trading in listed options through a single system that integrates electronic trading and traditional open outcry trading on the Cboe Options trading floor in Chicago. C2 Options, BZX Options, and

Previous wording

North American Equities. The North American Equities segment includes U.S. equities and ETP transaction services that occur on fully electronic exchanges owned and operated by BZX, BYX, EDGX, and EDGA, equities transactions that occur on the BIDS Trading platform in the U.S. and Canada, and Canadian equities and other transaction services that occur on or through Cboe Canada Inc.’s order books. The North American Equities segment also includes corporate listing services on Cboe Canada Inc., ETP listings on BZX, the Cboe Global Markets, Inc. common stock listing, and applicable market data fees revenues generated from the consolidated tape plans, the licensing of proprietary equities market data, routing services, and access and capacity services.

Current wording

North American Equities. The North American Equities segment includes U.S. equities and ETP transaction services that occur on fully electronic exchanges owned and operated by BZX, BYX, EDGX, and EDGA, equities transactions that occur on the BIDS Trading platform in the U.S. and the Cboe BIDS Canada platform, and Canadian equities and other transaction services that occur on or through Cboe Canada’s order books. The North American Equities segment also includes corporate listing services on Cboe Canada, ETP listings on BZX, the Cboe Global Markets, Inc. common stock listing, and applicable market data fees revenues generated from the consolidated tape plans, the licensing of proprietary equities market data, routing services, and access and capacity services.

Previous wording

Europe and Asia Pacific. The Europe and Asia Pacific segment includes the pan-European listed equities and derivatives transaction services, ETPs, including exchange traded funds, exchange traded notes, and exchange traded commodities, and international depository receipts that are hosted on MTFs operated by Cboe Europe Equities (Cboe Europe and Cboe NL equities exchanges) and Cboe Europe Derivatives (“CEDX”). It also includes the ETP listings business on RMs and clearing activities of Cboe Clear Europe, as well as the equities transaction services of Cboe Australia and Cboe Japan, operators of trading venues in Australia and Japan, respectively, along with equities transactions that occur on the BIDS Trading platform in Australia and Japan. Cboe Europe operates lit and dark books, a periodic auctions book, a closing cross book, and two BIDS orderbooks; a Large-in-Scale (“LIS”) trading negotiation facility and - predominantly for UK and Swiss symbols - a volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) trajectory crossing facility. Cboe NL, based in Amsterdam, operates similar business functionality to that offered by Cboe Europe (with exception of Trajectory Crossing), and provides for trading only in European Economic Area (“EEA”) symbols. Cboe Europe Derivatives, a pan-European derivatives platform, offers futures and options based on Cboe Europe equity indices, and single stock options. Cboe Clear Europe offers the clearing of equity and equity-like instruments for Cboe-operated and other regulated trading venues, the clearing of derivative transactions executed on CEDX, and has recently introduced a service to clear Securities Financing Transactions. This segment also includes Cboe Europe, Cboe NL, CEDX, Cboe Australia and Cboe Japan revenue generated from the licensing of proprietary market data and from access and capacity services.

Current wording

Europe and Asia Pacific. The Europe and Asia Pacific segment includes the pan-European derivatives transaction services, ETPs, including exchange traded funds, exchange traded notes, and exchange traded commodities, and international depository receipts that are hosted on MTFs operated by Cboe Europe Equities (Cboe Europe and Cboe NL equities exchanges) and CEDX. It also includes the ETP listings business on RMs and clearing activities of Cboe Clear Europe, as well as the equities services of Cboe Australia, an operator of a trading venue in Australia. Cboe Europe operates lit and dark books, a periodic auctions book, a closing cross book, and two BIDS order books; a Large-in-Scale (“LIS”) trading negotiation facility and a volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) trajectory crossing facility. Cboe NL, based in Amsterdam, operates similar business functionality to that offered by Cboe Europe (with the exception of Trajectory Crossing), and provides for trading only in European Economic Area (“EEA”) symbols. Subsequent to December 31, 2025, Cboe initiated the wind down of CEDX, its pan-European derivatives platform that offered futures and options based on Cboe Europe equity indices, FLEX options, and single stock options. Prior to the wind down, CEDX contributed derivatives transaction services and market data revenues to this segment. Cboe Clear Europe offers the clearing of equity and equity-like instruments for Cboe-operated and other regulated trading venues and clearing SFTs. Prior to the CEDX wind down, Cboe Clear Europe also provided clearing services for derivative transactions executed on CEDX. This segment also includes Cboe Europe, Cboe NL, and Cboe Australia revenue generated from the licensing of proprietary market data and from access and capacity services.

Previous wording

Futures. The Futures segment includes transaction services provided by CFE, a fully electronic futures exchange, which includes offerings for trading of VIX futures and other futures products, the licensing of proprietary market data, as well as access and capacity services. On April 25, 2024, the Company announced plans to transition the cash-settled margin Bitcoin and Ether futures contracts, currently available for trading on the Cboe Digital Exchange, to CFE in the first half of 2025, pending regulatory review.

Current wording

Futures. The Futures segment includes transaction services provided by CFE, a fully electronic futures exchange, which includes offerings for trading of VIX futures and other futures products, the licensing of proprietary market data, as well as access and capacity services. As of January 1, 2025, the Futures segment prospectively includes all Digital operating activity, which includes Cboe Digital Exchange, a regulated futures exchange, and Cboe Clear U.S., a regulated clearinghouse, as well as revenue generated from the licensing of proprietary market data and from access and capacity services. On June 9, 2025, Cboe successfully completed the migration of cash-settled Bitcoin and Ether futures contracts from Cboe Digital Exchange to CFE. There are no products currently listed for trading on the Cboe Digital Exchange.

Previous wording

Global FX. The Global FX segment includes institutional FX trading services that occur on the Cboe FX fully electronic trading platform, non-deliverable forward FX transactions (“NDFs”) offered for execution on Cboe SEF, as well as revenue generated from the licensing of proprietary market data and from access and capacity services. The segment includes transaction services for U.S. government securities executed on the Cboe Fixed Income fully electronic trading platform.

Current wording

Global FX. The Global FX segment includes institutional FX trading services that occur on the Cboe FX fully electronic trading platform, non-deliverable forward FX transactions (“NDFs”) offered for execution on Cboe SEF, as well as revenue generated from the licensing of proprietary market data and from access and capacity services. The segment also includes transaction services for U.S. government securities executed on the Cboe Fixed Income fully electronic trading platform.

Previous wording

•significant fluctuations in foreign currency translation rates or weakened value of currencies; and

Current wording

•significant fluctuations in foreign currency translation rates or weakened value of currencies;

Previous wording

A number of significant structural, political, monetary, and global conflicts continue to confront the global economy, and instability could continue, resulting in an increased or subdued level of: inflation, market volatility, potential recession, supply chain constraints and costs, trading volumes, uncertainty, expenses, and increased costs and uncertainties related to CAT and the ability to collect on the promissory notes related to the funding of CAT, may have an adverse effect on our financial results.

Current wording

A number of significant structural, political, monetary, and global conflicts continue to confront the global economy, and instability could continue, resulting in an increased or subdued level of inflation, market volatility, potential recession, supply chain constraints and costs, trading volumes, uncertainty, expenses, and costs due to potential new tariffs or changes to existing tariffs.

Previous wording

Revenue aggregated into cash and spot markets includes associated transaction and clearing fees, the portion of market data fees relating to associated U.S. tape plan market data fees, associated regulatory fees, and associated other revenue from the Company’s North American Equities, Europe and Asia Pacific, Global FX, and Digital segments.

Current wording

Revenue aggregated into cash and spot markets includes associated transaction and clearing fees, the portion of market data fees relating to associated U.S. tape plan market data fees, associated regulatory fees, and associated other revenue from the Company’s North American Equities, Europe and Asia Pacific, and Global FX segments.

Previous wording

Revenue aggregated into Data Vantage includes access and capacity fees, proprietary market data fees, and associated other revenue across the Company’s six segments.

Current wording

Revenue aggregated into Data Vantage includes access and capacity fees, proprietary market data fees, and associated other revenue across the Company’s five segments.

Previous wording

Revenue aggregated into derivatives markets includes associated transaction and clearing fees, the portion of market data fees relating to associated U.S. tape plan market data fees, associated regulatory fees, and associated other fees from the Company’s Options, Futures, Europe and Asia Pacific, and Digital segments.

Current wording

Revenue aggregated into derivatives markets includes associated transaction and clearing fees, the portion of market data fees relating to associated U.S. tape plan market data fees, associated regulatory fees, and associated other fees from the Company’s Options, Futures, and Europe and Asia Pacific segments.

Previous wording

Liquidity payments are primarily correlated to the volume of securities traded on our markets. As stated above, we record the liquidity rebates paid to market participants providing liquidity, in the case of Cboe Options, C2, BZX, EDGX, Cboe Europe Equities and Derivatives, CFE, and Cboe Digital, as cost of revenue. BYX offers an inverted pricing model where we rebate liquidity takers for executing against an order resting on our book, which is also recorded as a cost of revenues. Effective November 1, 2024, EDGA transitioned from an inverted fee model to a maker-taker fee model.

Current wording

Liquidity payments are primarily correlated to the trading volumes on our markets. As stated above, we record the liquidity rebates paid to market participants providing liquidity, in the case of Cboe Options, C2, BZX, EDGX, Cboe Europe Equities and Derivatives, Cboe Clear U.S., Cboe Digital Exchange, and CFE, as cost of revenue. BYX offers an inverted pricing model where we rebate liquidity takers for executing against an order resting on our book, which is also recorded as a cost of revenue. EDGA offers a maker-taker fee model, effective November 1, 2024, under which liquidity providers receive a rebate, while liquidity takers pay a fee, all within a pricing model that does not include volume-based tiers.

Previous wording

Various rules require that U.S. options and equities trade executions occur at the National Best Bid and Offer displayed by any exchange. Linkage order routing consists of the cost incurred to provide a service whereby Cboe equities and options exchanges deliver orders to other execution venues when there is a potential for obtaining a better execution price or when instructed to directly route an order to another venue by the order provider. The service affords exchange order flow providers an opportunity to obtain the best available execution price and may also result in cost benefits to those clients. Such an offering improves our competitive position and provides an opportunity to attract orders which would otherwise bypass our exchanges. We utilize third-party brokers or our broker-dealer, Cboe Trading, to facilitate such delivery. Also included within routing and clearing are the Order Management System ("OMS") and Execution Management System (“EMS”) fees incurred for U.S. Equities Off-Exchange order execution, as well as settlement costs incurred for the settlement process executed by Cboe Clear Europe and Cboe Clear U.S.

Current wording

Various rules require that U.S. options and equities trade executions occur at the National Best Bid and Offer displayed by any exchange. Linkage order routing consists of the cost incurred to provide a service whereby Cboe equities and options exchanges deliver orders to other execution venues when there is a potential for obtaining a better execution price or when instructed to directly route an order to another venue by the order provider. The service affords exchange order flow providers an opportunity to obtain the best available execution price and may also result in cost benefits to those clients. Such an offering improves our competitive position and provides an opportunity to attract orders which would otherwise bypass our exchanges. We utilize third-party brokers or our broker-dealer, Cboe Trading, to facilitate such delivery. Also included within routing and clearing are the Order Management System ("OMS") and Execution Management System (“EMS”) fees incurred for U.S. Equities Off-Exchange order execution, as well as settlement costs incurred for the settlement processes executed by Cboe Clear Europe and Cboe Clear U.S.

Previous wording

Exchanges under the authority of the SEC (Cboe Options, C2, BZX, BYX, EDGX, and EDGA as well as CFE to the extent that CFE offers trading in security futures products) are assessed fees pursuant to the Exchange Act designed to recover the costs to the U.S. government of supervision and regulation of securities markets and securities professionals. We treat these fees as a pass-through charge to customers executing eligible listed equities and listed equity options trades. Accordingly, we recognize the amount that we are charged under Section 31 as a cost of revenues and the corresponding amount that we charge our customers as regulatory transaction fees revenue. Since the regulatory transaction fees recorded in revenues are equal to the Section 31 fees recorded in cost of revenues, there is no impact on our operating income. Cboe Trading, Cboe Europe, Cboe NL, BIDS, Cboe FX, Cboe Australia, Cboe Japan, Cboe Digital, and Cboe Canada Inc. are not U.S. national securities exchanges, and accordingly are not charged Section 31 fees.

Current wording

Regulatory fees cost of revenues, previously labeled Section 31 fees, include Section 31 fees and other fees imposed by U.S. regulatory agencies. Exchanges under the authority of the SEC (Cboe Options, C2, BZX, BYX, EDGX, and EDGA as well as CFE to the extent that CFE offers trading in security futures products) are assessed fees under Section 31 pursuant to the Exchange Act designed to recover the costs to the U.S. government of supervision and regulation of securities markets and securities professionals. We treat these fees as a pass-through charge to customers executing eligible listed equities and listed equity options trades. Accordingly, we recognize the amount that we are charged under Section 31 as a cost of revenues and the corresponding amount that we charge our customers as regulatory transaction fees revenue. Since the regulatory transaction fees recorded in revenues are equal to the Section 31 fees recorded in cost of revenues, there is no impact on our operating income. Cboe Trading, Cboe Europe, Cboe NL, BIDS, Cboe FX, Cboe Australia, Cboe Clear U.S., Cboe Canada, and (formerly) Cboe Japan are not U.S. national securities exchanges, and, accordingly, are not charged Section 31 fees.

Previous wording

Royalty fees primarily consist of license fees paid by us for the use of underlying indices in our proprietary products usually based on contracts traded. The Company has licenses with the owners of the S&P 500 Index, S&P 100 Index and certain other S&P indices, FTSE Russell indices, the DJIA, MSCI, and certain other index products. This category also includes fees related to the dissemination of market data related to S&P indices and other products through Cboe Global Indices Feed (“CGIF”).

Current wording

Royalty fees primarily consist of license fees paid by us for the use of underlying indices in our proprietary products, usually based on contracts traded. The Company has licenses with the owners of the S&P 500 Index, S&P 100 Index and certain other S&P indices, FTSE Russell indices, the DJIA, and certain other index products. This category also includes fees related to the dissemination of market data related to S&P indices and other products through CGIF.

Previous wording

Technology support services consists primarily of costs related to the maintenance of computer equipment supporting our system architecture, circuits supporting our wide area network, support for production software, operating system license and support fees, fees paid to information vendors for displaying data and off-site system hosting fees.

Current wording

Technology support services consist primarily of costs related to the maintenance of computer equipment supporting our system architecture, circuits supporting our wide area network, support for production software, operating system license and support fees, fees paid to information vendors for displaying data and off-site system hosting fees.

Previous wording

Travel and promotional expenses primarily consist of advertising, costs for special events, sponsorship of industry conferences, options education seminars, and travel-related expenses.

Current wording

Travel and promotional expenses primarily consist of advertising, costs for marketing related special events, sponsorship of industry conferences, options education seminars, and travel-related expenses.

Previous wording

Impairment of intangible assets consists of charges to impair intangible assets if the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

Current wording

Impairment of assets consists of charges to impair indefinite or long-lived assets if the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

Previous wording

Other expenses represent costs necessary to support our operations that are not already included in the above categories, including, but not limited to, changes in contingent consideration.

Current wording

Other expenses represent costs necessary to support our operations that are not already included in the above categories, including, but not limited to, bad debt provisions and changes in contingent consideration.

Previous wording

Income and expenses incurred through activities outside of our core operations are considered non-operating and are classified as other (expenses) income. These activities primarily include interest earned on the investing of excess cash, commitment fees and interest expense related to outstanding debt facilities, income and unrealized gains and losses related to investments held in a trust for the Company’s non-qualified retirement and benefit plans, including non-employee director deferred compensation, realized gains related to lease modifications, realized gains related to the Company’s previously held minority investments, income earned related to the Company’s minority investments, equity earnings or losses from our investments in other business ventures, impairment of the Company’s investments, investment establishment costs associated with new business ventures, and gains and losses relating to the dissolution of the Cboe Digital syndication.

Current wording

Income and expenses incurred through activities outside of our core operations are considered non-operating and are classified as interest expense, interest income, earnings (loss) on investments, net, or other income (expenses), net. These activities primarily include interest earned on the investing of excess cash, commitment fees and interest expense related to outstanding debt facilities, income and unrealized gains and losses related to investments held in a trust for the Company’s non-qualified retirement and benefit plans, including non-employee director deferred compensation, unrealized and realized gains or losses or income earned related to the Company’s minority investments, exchange gain and loss, and equity earnings or losses from our investments in other business ventures.

Previous wording

These non-GAAP financial measures are not presented in accordance with, or as an alternative to, GAAP financial measures and may be calculated differently from non-GAAP measures used by other companies, which reduces their usefulness as comparative measures. We encourage analysts, investors and other interested parties to use these non-GAAP measures as supplemental information to the GAAP financial measures included herein, including our consolidated financial statements, to enhance their analysis and understanding of our performance and in making comparisons. Please see the footnotes below for definitions, additional information, and reconciliations from the closest GAAP measure.

Current wording

These non-GAAP financial measures are not presented in accordance with, or as an alternative to, GAAP financial measures and may be calculated differently from non-GAAP measures used by other companies, which reduces their usefulness as comparative measures. We encourage analysts, investors and other interested parties to use these non-GAAP measures as supplemental information to the GAAP financial measures included herein, including our consolidated financial statements, to enhance their analysis and understanding of our performance and in making comparisons. We note that non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools and they should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Please see the footnotes below for definitions, additional information, and reconciliations from the closest GAAP measure.

Previous wording

(3)Adjusted EBITDA margin represents adjusted EBITDA divided by revenues less cost of revenues.

Current wording

(2)EBITDA is defined as income before interest, net, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. EBITDA margin represents EBITDA divided by revenues less cost of revenues. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by adding back to EBITDA relevant adjustments, which includes revenue, cost of revenues, operating expense, and non-operating adjustments, as applicable. Adjusted EBITDA margin represents adjusted EBITDA divided by revenues less cost of revenues. Adjusted earnings is defined as net income after relevant adjustments, which includes revenue, cost of revenues, operating expense, non-operating adjustments, certain tax adjustments, and net income or loss allocated to participating securities, net of income tax effects of these adjustments, as applicable. Adjusted diluted earnings per share represents adjusted earnings divided by diluted weighted average shares outstanding. Relevant adjustments are detailed in the reconciliations that follow.

Previous wording

The following is a reconciliation of net income allocated to common stockholders to adjusted earnings (in millions):

Current wording

The following is a reconciliation of net income allocated to common stockholders to adjusted earnings (in millions) for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively:

Previous wording

Note, the Digital segment is not included as results were not material for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Current wording

Note, the former Digital segment is not included as results were not material for the year ended December 31, 2024. In the second quarter of 2025, Digital futures products were transitioned to Cboe Futures Exchange. Futures metrics prior to the second quarter of 2025 exclude Digital futures products.

Previous wording

Note, as of January 2025, European equities market share cleared excludes market volume not cleared within the Cboe Clear Europe pan-European equities market space. Prior periods have been restated in accordance with this methodology.

Current wording

Note, as of January 2025, European equities market share cleared excludes market volume not cleared within the Cboe Clear Europe pan-European equities market space. Prior periods have been recast in accordance with this methodology.

Previous wording

(6)Net capture per 10,000 touched shares refers to transaction fees divided by the product of one-ten thousandth ADV of shares for MATCHNow and Cboe Canada and the number of trading days. As of January 1, 2024, the Cboe Canada and MATCHNow entities have been amalgamated into Cboe Canada Inc.

Current wording

(6)Net capture per 10,000 touched shares refers to transaction fees divided by the product of one-ten thousandth ADV of shares of Cboe Canada and the number of trading days.

Previous wording

(8)Net capture per matched notional value refers to transaction fees less liquidity payments in British pounds divided by the product of ADNV in British pounds of shares matched on Cboe Europe Equities and the number of trading days.

Current wording

(8)Net capture per matched notional value refers to transaction fees less liquidity payments in Euros divided by the product of ADNV in Euros of shares matched on Cboe Europe Equities and the number of trading days.

Previous wording

(10)Fee per trade cleared refers to clearing fees divided by number of non-interoperable trades cleared.

Current wording

(10)Fee per trade cleared refers to clearing fees divided by the number of non-interoperable trades cleared.

Previous wording

(16)Net capture per one million dollars traded refers to net transaction fees less liquidity payments, if any, divided by the Spot and SEF products of one-thousandth of ADNV traded on the Cboe FX Markets and the number of trading days, divided by two, which represents the buyer and seller that are both charged on the transaction.

Current wording

(15)Net capture per one million dollars traded refers to net transaction fees less liquidity payments, if any, divided by the Spot and SEF products of one-thousandth of ADNV traded on the Cboe FX Markets and the number of trading days, divided by two, which represents the buyer and seller that are both charged on the transaction.

Previous wording

Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $321.0 million, or 9%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to increases across all revenue captions, driven by an increase in the Section 31 fee rate following a rate change in May 2024, an increase in transaction and clearing fees as a result of increased volumes on the Cboe U.S. equities, Cboe options, Cboe European equities, and Cboe futures exchanges, an increase in other revenue attributable to Cboe Clear Europe, and increases in access and capacity fees across segments.

Current wording

Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $619.7 million, or 15%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to increases across all revenue captions, driven by an increase in transaction and clearing fees as a result of increased volumes traded on the Cboe options, Cboe U.S. equities, and Cboe European equities exchanges, partially offset by a decrease in regulatory fees due to a decrease in the Section 31 fee rate following a rate change in May 2025.

Previous wording

Cash and spot markets revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to increases in regulatory fees, transaction and clearing fees, and other revenue. Regulatory fees increased primarily due to a 94% increase in the Section 31 fee rate, from an average of $10.35 per million dollars of covered sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 to an average rate of $20.08 per million dollars of covered sales for the year ended December 31, 2024. Transaction and clearing fees increased primarily due to pricing changes and shifts in volumes on the Cboe U.S. equities exchanges, a 4% increase in Cboe European equities' matched ADNV, a 72% increase in Cboe Japanese equities' ADNV, and an 11% increase in Cboe Clear Europe's net settlement volume. Other revenue increased primarily due to an increase in interest income attributable to Cboe Clear Europe as a result of the changing interest rate environment, coupled with additional interest earned in accordance with the change in its investment policy. See Note 14 ("Clearing Operations") for additional information on Cboe Clear Europe's investment policy.

Current wording

Cash and spot markets revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to an increase in transaction and clearing fees, partially offset by a decrease in regulatory fees. Transaction and clearing fees increased primarily due to a 26% increase in total matched shares on Cboe U.S. equity exchanges and a 31% increase in Cboe European equities exchanges matched ADNV. Regulatory fees decreased primarily due to a 49% decrease in the Section 31 fee rate, from an average of $20.08 per million dollars of covered sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 to an average rate of $10.26 per million dollars of covered sales for the year ended December 31, 2025, following a rate change effective May 2025 to $0 per million dollars of covered sales due to the SEC having collected its entire 2025 appropriated amount. Regulatory fees revenue related to Section 31 fees is directly offset by regulatory fees cost of revenues related to Section 31 fees.

Previous wording

Data Vantage revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to increases in access and capacity fees and proprietary market data fees. Access and capacity fees increased primarily due to increased logical and physical port fees in the North American Equities, Options, and Europe and Asia Pacific segments driven by increased customer demand. Proprietary market data fees increased primarily due to increases in in the Options, North American Equities, and Europe and Asia Pacific segments.

Current wording

Data Vantage revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to increases in access and capacity fees and proprietary market data fees. Access and capacity fees increased primarily due to increased logical and physical port fees in the Options, North American Equities, and Europe and Asia Pacific segments driven by increased customer demand. Proprietary market data fees increased primarily due to increases in proprietary market data fees in the Options, Europe and Asia Pacific, and North American Equities segments driven by increased customer demand.

Previous wording

Derivatives markets revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to an increase in regulatory fees, coupled with an increase in transaction and clearing fees. Regulatory fees increased primarily due to a 94% increase in the Section 31 fee rate, from an average of $10.35 per million dollars of covered sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 to an average rate of $20.08 per million dollars of covered sales for the year ended December 31, 2024. Transaction and clearing fees increased primarily due to an 8% increase in index options ADV and a 7% increase in Futures ADV, partially offset by a 2% decrease in multi-listed options market share.

Current wording

Derivatives markets revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to an increase in transaction and clearing fees, partially offset by a decrease in regulatory fees. Transaction and clearing fees increased primarily due to a 21% increase in index options ADV and a 24% increase in multi-listed options ADV. Regulatory fees decreased primarily due to a 49% decrease in the Section 31 fee rate, from an average of $20.08 per million dollars of covered sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 to an average rate of $10.26 per million dollars of covered sales for the year ended December 31, 2025, following a rate change effective May 2025 to $0 per million dollars of covered sales due to the SEC having collected its entire 2025 appropriated amount. Regulatory fees revenue related to Section 31 fees is directly offset by regulatory fees cost of revenues related to Section 31 fees.

Previous wording

Total cost of revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to increased cash and spot markets cost of revenues as a result of an increase in the Section 31 fee rate, coupled with an increase in other cost of revenues as a result of an increase in interest expense related to Cboe Clear Europe and an increase in royalty fees for licensed products, partially offset by a decrease in liquidity payments on the Cboe options exchanges, driven by a decline in multi-listed options market share.

Current wording

Total cost of revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to an increase in liquidity payments as a result of volume increases in U.S. equities and multi-listed options, partially offset by a decrease in regulatory fees cost of revenues as a result of a decrease in the Section 31 fee rate.

Previous wording

Liquidity payments decreased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to a decline in liquidity payments on the Cboe options exchanges, as a result of a 2% decline in multi-listed options market share, partially offset by an increase in liquidity payments on the Cboe U.S. equities exchanges as a result of a shift in volumes of certain market participants.

Current wording

Liquidity payments increased for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to an increase in liquidity payments on the Cboe U.S. equity exchanges as a result of a 26% increase in total matched shares, coupled with an increase in liquidity payments on the Cboe options exchanges as a result of a 24% increase in multi-listed options ADV.

Previous wording

Royalty fees and other cost of revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to an increase in interest expense attributable to Cboe Clear Europe as a result of the changing interest rate environment and a change in its investment policy, coupled with an increase in trading volumes of licensed products in the Options segment. See Note 14 ("Clearing Operations") for additional information on Cboe Clear Europe's investment policy.

Current wording

Royalty fees and other cost of revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to an increase in trading volumes of licensed products in the Options segment, partially offset by a decrease in operating interest expense attributable to Cboe Clear Europe as a result of the changing interest rate environment resulting in a decrease in interest paid to customers.

Previous wording

Revenues less cost of revenues increased $154.4 million, or 8%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to an increase in derivatives markets revenues less cost of revenues, driven by an increase in volumes on the Cboe options and futures exchanges, an increase in cash and spot markets revenues less cost of revenues driven by an increase in net capture on the Cboe U.S. equities exchanges and Cboe European equities exchanges, and an increase in access and capacity fees and proprietary market data across segments.

Current wording

Revenues less cost of revenues increased $356.7 million, or 17%, for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to an increase in derivatives markets revenues less cost of revenues, driven by an increase in volumes traded on the Cboe options exchanges, an increase in cash and spot markets revenues less cost of revenues driven by an increase in volumes traded on the Cboe European equities exchanges, and an increase in Data Vantage revenues less cost of revenues driven by an increase in access and capacity fees and proprietary market data across segments.

Previous wording

Cash and spot markets revenues less cost of revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily due to increases in transaction and clearing fees less liquidity payments and routing and clearing costs (“net transaction and clearing fees”) in the North American Equities and Europe and Asia Pacific segments and an increase in net other revenue, partially offset by a decrease in industry market data fees. Net transaction and clearing fees increased primarily due to a 17% increase in Cboe U.S. equities exchanges' net capture, a 12% increase in Cboe European equities' net capture, a 4% increase in Cboe European equities' matched ADNV, a 72% increase in Cboe Japanese equities' ADNV, and a 13% increase in Cboe Clear Europe's net fee per settlement, coupled with an 11% increase in Cboe Clear Europe's net settlement volume. Net other revenue increased primarily due to an increase in interest income attributable to Cboe Clear Europe as a result of the changing interest rate environment and additional interest income due to a change in its investment policy. See Note 14 ("Clearing Operations") for additional information on Cboe Clear Europe's investment policy. Industry market data fees decreased primarily due to a decrease in U.S. tape plan revenue as a result of a 1% decline in market share on the Cboe U.S. equities exchanges.

Current wording

Cash and spot markets revenues less cost of revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to increases in transaction and clearing fees less liquidity payments and routing and clearing costs ("net transaction and clearing fees") in the Europe and Asia Pacific and Global FX segments. Net transaction and clearing fees increased primarily due to a 31% increase in Cboe European equities matched ADNV, a 13% increase in Global FX ADNV, and a 22% increase in Cboe Clear Europe net settlement volumes.