Gates Industrial Corp plc
For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 12, 2026.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.
FY2025 · Filed Feb 12, 2026
What changed in Risk Factors?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-K
Period ended 2024-12-28; filed 2025-02-06.
0001718512-25-000013
Item 1A. Risk FactorsCurrent report: 10-K
Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-02-12.
0001628280-26-007719
Item 1A. Risk FactorsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 133 previous paragraphs and 136 current paragraphs.
86 unchanged; 41 reworded; 9 added; 4 removed; 2 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 0 previous and 0 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (9)
Current report
U.S. policies, actions, or legislation could have a material adverse impact on our and our business partners’ operations and financial results.
Current report
Although we have global operations, our corporate headquarters and a significant portion of our facilities and workforce are located in the U.S. Approximately 37% of our Fiscal 2025 revenues were generated from customers in the U.S. and we have manufacturing, sales and service facilities across several states in the U.S. Accordingly, our business and results of operations, as well as the business and results of operations of many of our vendors and customers, are subject to risks associated with U.S. government policies, actions, and legislation, including, without limitation, risks related to:
Current report
•economic and political instability related to foreign relations policies and actions;
Current report
•the imposition of tariffs and other trade restrictions or embargoes and uncertainty related thereto, including inflationary and deflationary pressures and retaliatory actions;
Current report
•withdrawal of or changes in federal funding and support of organizations and programs that affect companies operating in the U.S. and their workforces, including those related to cyber security; and
Current report
•other changes to U.S. policies that may have a negative impact on U.S. economic conditions or us.
Current report
The likelihood and duration of such occurrences and their potential effect on us, our vendors and customers, are unpredictable and our efforts to minimize or eliminate the effects of these occurrences may not be successful. For example, recent U.S. tariff policies have been volatile and remain uncertain, making it difficult for us and our vendors to predict or act to mitigate negative impacts of the tariffs. While we have taken measures to help mitigate U.S. and retaliatory tariffs enacted in 2025, if we are unable to recoup cost increases resulting from current or future tariffs through our pricing strategies on a timely basis or at all, or are unable to offset these cost increases through other means, our operating margins and results of operations may be materially adversely affected. Moreover, we may be impacted by tariffs to a greater degree than our competitors who operate in countries that are not subject to tariffs or are subject to lesser tariffs, placing us at a disadvantage. Uncertainty with respect to tariffs and other U.S. foreign relations policies and actions has led to, and may continue to lead to, volatility in the global financial markets, which could negatively impact demand for our products and increase future costs of capital. Certain of these risks may be exacerbated if key trading partners enact or coordinate retaliatory efforts against the U.S. or U.S.-headquartered companies.
Current report
Increasing competition may limit our ability to grow or maintain our competitive position or margins.
Current report
Our operations, products and properties are subject to extensive foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations around the world. These laws and regulations are complex, have tended to be stricter over time, and may be inconsistent across jurisdictions. In addition, existing laws and regulations may be revised, reinterpreted or more strictly enforced and new laws and new regulations may be adopted or become applicable to us. Complying with, or preparing to comply with, anticipated emerging and changing laws and regulations may cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices (such as changing our production methods or materials used in our manufacturing processes or products). We cannot predict the form any such new laws or regulations will take or the impact these laws and regulations will have on our business operations.
Removed paragraphs (4)
Previous report
The likelihood of such occurrences and their potential effect on us vary from country to country and are unpredictable. Certain regions, including Latin America, Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, are generally more economically and politically volatile than the U.S. and as a result, our operations in these regions could be subject to more significant or frequent fluctuations in sales and operating income. Because a significant percentage of our operating income in recent years has come from these regions, adverse fluctuations in the operating results in these regions could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations in future periods. Further, our industry has been impacted by the ongoing uncertainty surrounding tariffs and international trade relations, and it is difficult for us to predict future trade measures and the impact they will have on our business and operations. For example, in early 2025, the U.S. presidential administration threatened or imposed tariffs on imports from various countries, including China, Mexico, and Canada. In response, some of these countries threatened or announced tariffs on imports from the U.S. The extent to which these threats will be enacted and the duration for which enacted tariffs will be in place remain uncertain and could lead to economic decline in affected countries, which could negatively impact demand for our products. Moreover, if our products are subject to tariffs, we may be impacted to a greater degree than our competitors who operate in countries that are not subject to tariffs, placing us at a disadvantage. We have significant manufacturing operations in Mexico and, to a lesser degree in Canada, China and other countries, that supply products to U.S. customers. We also export products from the U.S. to these and other countries. As a result, future U.S. tariffs on imports and retaliatory tariffs could increase the cost of, and reduce demand for, our products, which may materially adversely affect our results of operations.
Previous report
Competition in the replacement market in emerging markets may limit our ability to grow in those markets.
Previous report
Pricing pressures from our customers may materially adversely affect our business.
Previous report
On January 17, 2023, the European Parliament approved a proposal for an anti-tax avoidance directive laying down rules to prevent the misuse of shell entities for tax purposes within the EU (the “Unshell Proposal,” also known as “ATAD III”). The final text will need to be approved by the Council of the European Union, although it is uncertain at this stage whether the Unshell Proposal will move forward to implementation. If it is implemented, the Unshell Proposal could, among other things, impose additional taxes on our entities (including by imposing additional limitations on the deductibility of interest payments) and/or impact our ability to pay dividends and interest intra-group in a tax efficient way resulting in additional tax costs and/or reporting, disclosure, and computation obligations (which could result in increased administrative and compliance costs) for our group entities.
Reworded paragraphs (41)
Previous wording
A substantial portion of our operations are conducted and located outside the U.S. For Fiscal 2024, approximately 63% of our net sales originated from outside of the U.S. We have manufacturing, sales and service facilities spanning six continents and sell to customers in over 130 countries. Moreover, a significant amount of our manufacturing functions and sources of our raw materials and components are from emerging markets such as China, India and Eastern Europe. Accordingly, our business and results of operations, as well as the business and results of operations of our vendors and customers, are subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, including:
Current wording
A substantial portion of our operations are conducted and located outside the U.S. For Fiscal 2025, approximately 63% of our net sales originated from outside of the U.S. We have manufacturing, sales and service facilities spanning six continents and sell to customers in over 130 countries. Accordingly, our business and results of operations, as well as the business and results of operations of our vendors and customers, are subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, including, without limitation:
Previous wording
•macroeconomic factors beyond the Company’s control, such as recent significant volatility around inflation, material and logistics availability, supply chain and labor challenges;
Current wording
•macroeconomic factors beyond the Company’s control, such as recent significant volatility around inflation, material and logistics availability, supply chain, labor challenges, and our customers’ ability to access credit and ability to pay amounts due to us;
Previous wording
While we have adopted certain operational and financial measures to reduce the risks associated with doing business internationally, such measures may not be successful and any one of the risks listed above may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Current wording
The likelihood of such occurrences and their potential effect on us vary from country to country and are unpredictable. Furthermore, increased economic and political volatility in our regions could result in significant or frequent fluctuations or declines in our sales and operating income, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations in future periods. While we have adopted certain operational and financial measures to reduce the risks associated with doing business internationally, such measures may not be successful and any one of the risks listed above may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Previous wording
We purchase our energy, steel, aluminum, rubber-based materials, chemicals, polymers and other key manufacturing inputs from outside sources. We do not traditionally have long-term pricing contracts with raw material suppliers. The costs of these raw materials have been volatile historically and are influenced by factors that are outside of our control, including the imposition of tariffs. In recent years, the prices and availability of energy, metal alloys, polymers and certain other of our raw materials have fluctuated significantly, exacerbated by inflation and global disruptions such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict. If we are unable to pass increases in the costs of our raw materials on to our customers on a timely basis or at all, maintain current pricing, or are otherwise unable to offset these cost increases, our operating margins and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Current wording
We purchase our energy, steel, aluminum, rubber-based materials, chemicals, polymers and other key manufacturing inputs from outside sources. We do not traditionally have long-term pricing contracts with raw material suppliers. The costs of these raw materials have been volatile historically and are influenced by factors that are outside of our control, including the imposition of tariffs which may be unpredictable. In recent years, the prices and availability of energy, metal alloys, polymers and certain other of our raw materials have fluctuated significantly, exacerbated by inflation and global disruptions and conflicts. If we are unable to pass increases in the costs of our raw materials on to our customers on a timely basis or at all, maintain current pricing, or are otherwise unable to offset these cost increases, our operating margins and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Previous wording
Certain of our businesses operate with short lead times, and we order raw materials and supplies and plan production based on discussions with our customers and internal forecasts of demand. If we are unable to accurately forecast demand for our products, in terms of both volume and specific products, or react appropriately to abrupt changes in demand, we may experience delayed product shipments and customer dissatisfaction. If demand increases significantly from current levels, both we and our suppliers may have difficulty meeting such demand, particularly if such demand increases occur rapidly. Additionally, we may carry excess inventory if demand for our products decreases below projected levels. Failure to accurately forecast demand or meet significant increases in demand could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Current wording
Certain of our businesses operate with short lead times, and we order raw materials and supplies and plan production based on discussions with our customers and internal forecasts of demand. If we are unable to accurately forecast demand for our products, in terms of both volume and specific products, or react appropriately to abrupt changes in demand, we may experience delayed product shipments and customer dissatisfaction. If demand increases significantly from current levels, both we and our suppliers may have difficulty meeting such demand, particularly if such demand increases occur rapidly. Additionally, we may carry excess inventory if demand for our products decreases below projected levels. These risks may be heightened for new products supporting developing markets for which we do not have historical references, and are influenced by factors that are outside of our control, including the imposition of tariffs which may be unpredictable. Failure to accurately forecast demand or meet significant increases in demand could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Previous wording
The markets in which we operate, or seek to operate, are subject to technological change and, in some cases, developing. Our long-term operating results depend upon our ability to continually develop, introduce, and market new and innovative products, to modify existing products, to respond to technological change, and to customize certain products to meet customer requirements and evolving sustainability and industry standards. The development of new product introductions and product innovations may require significant investment by us. There are numerous risks inherent in this process, including the risks that we will be unable to anticipate the direction of technological change (including those related to the utilization of artificial intelligence) or that we will be unable to develop and market new products and applications in a timely fashion to satisfy customer demands. For example, the increased adoption of electric vehicles and demand for data centers may result in application requirements that are not supported by our current technologies. If we are unable to adapt to these changes, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Current wording
The markets in which we operate, or seek to operate, are subject to technological change and, in some cases, developing. Our long-term operating results depend upon our ability to continually develop, introduce, and market new and innovative products, to modify existing products, to respond to technological change (such as artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning), and to customize certain products to meet customer requirements and evolving sustainability and industry standards. The development of new product introductions and product innovations may require significant investment by us, including investment in our workforce and in competing for talent. There are numerous risks inherent in this process, including the risks that we will be unable to anticipate the direction of technological change (including those related to the utilization of AI) or that we will be unable to develop and market new products and applications in a timely fashion to satisfy customer demands. If we are unable to adapt to these changes, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Previous wording
Longer lives of parts used in our end markets may adversely affect demand for some of our replacement products.
Current wording
Longer lives of parts used in our end markets may adversely affect demand for some of our aftermarket products.
Previous wording
The average useful life of certain parts used in our end markets has increased in recent years due to innovations in technologies and manufacturing processes. Extending the life or durability of these parts may allow end users to replace parts less often depending on operating conditions. As a result, a portion of our sales in replacement markets may be displaced. If this trend continues, it could adversely impact our replacement market sales.
Current wording
The average useful life of certain parts used in our end markets has increased in recent years due to innovations in technologies and manufacturing processes. Extending the life or durability of these parts may allow end users to replace parts less often depending on operating conditions. As a result, a portion of our sales in the aftermarket may be displaced. If this trend continues, it could adversely impact our aftermarket sales.
Previous wording
In emerging markets such as China, India, and Eastern Europe, the replacement markets are still nascent as compared to those in more developed nations. In these markets, we have focused on establishing brand visibility, including by building a OEM presence in the end markets we serve. However, as the replacement markets in these regions grow, our products may not be selected as the replacement product based on local market requirements and other competitive factors, and there may be a material adverse effect on our replacement end market growth potential in these emerging markets.
Current wording
We compete in a wide variety of end markets with a broad portfolio of products. Our ability to compete effectively in each end market depends on how successfully we anticipate and respond to various local competitive factors, such as product offerings, customer service and pricing. Additionally, our competitors may adopt new technologies, such as AI and machine learning, to pursue new products and approaches more quickly, successfully and effectively than us. If we are unable to successfully respond to these pressures, our revenues could be negatively impacted. In emerging markets such as areas of southeast Asia and eastern Europe, the aftermarket channels are still nascent as compared to those in more developed nations. In these markets, we have focused on establishing brand visibility, including by building an OEM presence in the end markets we serve. However, as the aftermarket channels in these regions grow, our products may not be selected as the aftermarket product based on local market requirements and other competitive factors, and there may be a material adverse effect on our aftermarket sales growth potential in these emerging markets. In addition, we generate strong margins by selling premium products at premium prices. Accordingly, our margins could suffer if our customers are no longer willing to pay a premium for our product and service offerings. We continue to face pricing pressure from our customers in OEM end markets as well as other end markets. Many manufacturers seek price reductions in both the initial bidding process and during the term of the award. If we are not able to offset price reductions through improved operating efficiencies, reduced expenditures, or new product introductions, those price reductions may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Previous wording
We consider strategic transactions on an ongoing basis, and regularly discuss potential acquisitions of complementary businesses or assets to expand our product portfolio and geographic presence, certain of which may be material. Strategic transactions, particularly investments in emerging markets, involve legal, economic, operational and political risks. We also encounter risks in the selection of appropriate investment and disposal targets, negotiation and execution of transactions, and integration of acquired businesses or assets.
Current wording
We consider strategic transactions on an ongoing basis, and regularly discuss potential acquisitions of complementary businesses or assets to expand our product portfolio and geographic presence, certain of which may be material. Strategic transactions, particularly investments in emerging or developing markets, involve legal, economic, operational and political risks. We also encounter risks in the selection of appropriate investment and disposal targets, negotiation and execution of transactions, and integration of acquired businesses or assets.
Previous wording
A substantial part of our business is concentrated with a few customers, and we have certain customers that are significant to our business. During Fiscal 2024, our top ten customers accounted for approximately 22% of our consolidated net sales and accounted for approximately 29% of our trade accounts receivable balance as of December 28, 2024, and our largest customer accounted for approximately 9% and 6% of our Fiscal 2024 consolidated net sales and trade accounts receivable balance as of December 28, 2024, respectively. The loss of one or more of these customers or other major customers, a deterioration in our relationship with any of them, or their failure to pay amounts due to us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Current wording
A substantial part of our business is concentrated with a few customers, and we have certain customers that are significant to our business. During Fiscal 2025, our top ten customers accounted for approximately 24% of our consolidated net sales and accounted for approximately 29% of our trade accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2025, and our largest customer accounted for approximately 9.6% and 13.7% of our Fiscal 2025 consolidated net sales and trade accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2025, respectively. The loss of one or more of these customers or other major customers, a deterioration in our relationship with any of them, or their failure to pay amounts due to us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Previous wording
Our contracted backlog is comprised of future orders for our products from a broad number of customers. Defaults by any of the customers that have placed significant orders with us could have a significant adverse effect on our net sales, profitability and cash flow. Our customers may in the future default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons deriving from the general economic environment or circumstances affecting those customers in particular. If a customer defaults on its obligations to us, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Current wording
Our contracted backlog is comprised of future orders for our products from a broad number of customers. Defaults by any of the customers that have placed or may in the future place significant orders with us could have a significant adverse effect on our net sales, profitability and cash flow. Our customers may in the future default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons deriving from the general economic environment or circumstances affecting those customers in particular. If a customer defaults on its obligations to us, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Previous wording
Concerns over sustainability and ESG issues, including the impacts of climate change, have led and will continue to lead to governmental, private, and consumer efforts around the world to reduce or mitigate those issues. We and our customers and suppliers will need to respond to new laws and regulations as well as changes in consumer and customer behaviors, which have added costs and could add substantial costs to our operations and those of our customers and partners. We may also experience a drop in demand for our products and services, particularly in certain sectors. We expect the impact on our customers to vary depending on their specific attributes, including reliance on or role in carbon-intensive activities. There is also a risk that we are unable to meet our sustainability objectives or the increasing expectations of our customers, employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. Moreover, there has been a rise in “anti-ESG” activism, which could impact our efforts. In addition, our efforts to mitigate these risks, including by investing in sustainability initiatives, may not be successful in achieving their desired outcomes, which may include cost savings.
Current wording
Concerns over sustainability issues, including the impacts of climate change, have led and will continue to lead to governmental, private, and consumer efforts around the world to reduce or mitigate those issues. We and our customers and suppliers will need to respond to new laws and regulations as well as changes in consumer and customer behaviors, which have added costs and could add substantial costs to our operations and those of our customers and partners. We may also experience a drop in demand for our products and services, particularly in certain sectors, and, if we are unable to meet our customers’ sustainability objectives, such as more-efficient, lower emissions products, our sales growth could be limited. We expect the impact on our customers to vary depending on their specific attributes, including reliance on or role in carbon-intensive activities. Moreover, there has been a rise in “anti-ESG” activism, particularly in the U.S., which could impact our efforts. In addition, our efforts to mitigate these risks, including by investing in sustainability initiatives, may not be successful in achieving their desired outcomes, which may include cost savings.
Previous wording
Our brand has worldwide recognition and our success may be linked to our ability to maintain and enhance our brand image and reputation. In particular, we believe that maintaining and enhancing the Gates brand is critical to maintaining and expanding our customer base. Maintaining, promoting and enhancing our brand may require us to make substantial investments in areas such as product innovation, product quality, intellectual property protection, marketing and employee training, and these investments may not have the desired impact on our brand image and reputation. Moreover, sustainability topics and activities have been the subject of increased focus by certain of our stakeholders and regulators. Our business could be adversely impacted if we fail to achieve any of these objectives or if the reputation or image of our brand is tarnished or receives negative publicity. In addition, adverse publicity about regulatory or legal action against us could damage our reputation and brand image and reduce long-term demand for our products, even if the regulatory or legal action is unfounded or not material to our operations. If we are unable to maintain or enhance the image of our brand, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Current wording
Our brand has worldwide recognition and our success may be linked to our ability to maintain and enhance our brand image and reputation. In particular, we believe that maintaining and enhancing the Gates brand is critical to maintaining and expanding our customer base. Maintaining, promoting and enhancing our brand may require us to make substantial investments in areas such as product innovation, product quality, intellectual property (“IP”) protection, marketing and employee training, and these investments may not have the desired impact on our brand image and reputation. Moreover, sustainability topics and activities have been the subject of increased focus by certain of our stakeholders and regulators. Our business could be adversely impacted if we fail to achieve any of these objectives or if the reputation or image of our brand is tarnished or receives negative publicity. In addition, adverse publicity about regulatory or legal action against us could damage our reputation and brand image and reduce long-term demand for our products, even if the regulatory or legal action is unfounded or not material to our operations. If we are unable to maintain or enhance the image of our brand, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Previous wording
Increased global cybersecurity vulnerabilities, threats, computer viruses and more sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks (such as the recent increasing use of ransomware, social engineering, and phishing attacks), as well as cybersecurity failures resulting from human error, catastrophic events (such as fires, floods, hurricanes and tornadoes), and technological errors, pose a risk to our systems (including third-party systems utilized by us), products and data as well as potentially to our employees’, customers', partners', suppliers' and third-party service providers' systems and data. An attack on our systems or those of certain of our vendors could result in security breaches, theft, lost or corrupted data, misappropriation of sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, loss of trade secrets and commercially valuable information, production downtimes and operational disruptions. We defend against attempted cyber-attacks in the normal course of our business. For example, in February 2023, we experienced a malware attack that temporarily disrupted our normal business operations, including some disruption to sales, and resulted in additional costs of $5.2 million in Fiscal 2023. We attempt to mitigate these risks by employing a number of measures, including employee training, monitoring and testing, and maintenance of protective systems and contingency plans, but we remain potentially vulnerable to additional known or unknown threats. There is no assurance the financial or operational impact from such threats will not be material.
Current wording
Increased global cybersecurity vulnerabilities, threats, computer viruses and more sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks (such as the use of ransomware and social engineering, and the misuse or malicious use of AI), as well as cybersecurity failures resulting from human actions, catastrophic events, and technological errors, pose a risk to our systems (including third-party systems, such as cloud services, utilized by us), products and data as well as potentially to our employees’, customers', partners', suppliers' and third-party service providers' systems and data. Additionally, the rapid evolution and increased availability of AI may intensify cybersecurity risks by making targeted attacks more sophisticated and cybersecurity incidents more difficult to detect, contain, and mitigate. An attack on our systems or those of certain of our vendors could result in security breaches, theft, lost or corrupted data, misappropriation of sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, loss of trade secrets and commercially valuable information, production downtimes and operational disruptions. We defend against attempted cyber-attacks in the normal course of our business. We attempt to mitigate these risks by employing a number of measures, including employee training, monitoring and testing, and maintenance of protective systems and contingency plans, but we remain potentially vulnerable to additional known or unknown threats. There is no assurance the financial or operational impact from such threats will not be material.
Previous wording
Global data privacy, data protection and data security requirements are highly complex, evolving rapidly, and may increase our costs to comply.
Current wording
Global data privacy, data protection and data security requirements are complex, evolving, and may increase our costs to comply.
Previous wording
To conduct our operations, we regularly move data across national borders, and consequently we are subject to a variety of continuously evolving and developing laws and regulations in the U.S. and abroad regarding data privacy, data protection and data security. The scope of the laws that may be applicable to us is often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) adopted by the European Union (“EU”) greatly increased the jurisdictional reach of EU law and added a broad array of requirements for handling personal data, including the public disclosure of significant data breaches, and many other countries and several states in the U.S. have proposed or adopted similar legislation. Other countries such as China, India, Thailand, Brazil and Argentina have enacted or are enacting data privacy laws that restrict cross-border data transfers, as well as requiring that data subjects provide clear and concise consent on how collected data will be utilized. These evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time as the breadth and complexity of regulations continues to evolve internationally. We continue to monitor these developments and adjust our data processing practice in accordance with applicable law.
Current wording
To conduct our operations, we regularly move data across national borders, and consequently we are subject to a variety of continuously evolving and developing laws and regulations in the U.S. (including new state laws) and abroad regarding data privacy, data protection and data security. The scope of the laws that may be applicable to us is often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) adopted by the European Union (“EU”) greatly increased the jurisdictional reach of EU law and added a broad array of requirements for handling personal data, including the public disclosure of significant data breaches, and many other countries and several states in the U.S. have proposed or adopted similar legislation. Other countries such as China, India, Thailand, Brazil and Argentina have enacted or are enacting data privacy laws that restrict cross-border data transfers, as well as requiring that data subjects provide clear and concise consent on how collected data will be utilized. These evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time as the breadth and complexity of regulations continues to evolve internationally. We continue to monitor these developments and adjust our data processing practice in accordance with applicable law.
Previous wording
Existing or new laws and regulations, including but not limited to those relating to HSE, sustainability, and ESG matters, may prohibit, burden, restrict or make significantly more costly the sale of our products and the operation of our business.
Current wording
Existing or new laws and regulations, including but not limited to those relating to HSE, sustainability and product compliance matters, may prohibit, burden, restrict or make significantly more costly the sale of our products and the operation of our business.
Previous wording
In addition, these laws and regulations have become increasingly stringent and new laws and regulations or stricter interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and regulations could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of our operations and product demand. This includes increasing legal requirements and global efforts to control emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, fluorinated and other GHGs in an effort to minimize the effect on climate change, which have the potential to influence the price of the energy and raw materials we purchase. For example, we anticipate the enactment of the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism will increase the cost of materials we need for production in the EU and could reduce the demand for our products manufactured for the EU market. GHG regulations and carbon taxes could also impact oil and gas production, a key demand driver of our industrial end markets, and reduce demand for our products by driving down the use of fossil fuels. The evolution of laws to restrict specific chemical substances in our products or impose labeling and other requirements, such as the EU’s Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemical Substances (“REACH”) Regulation, and rising global concerns around microplastics, extended producer responsibility, plastic packaging or hazardous chemicals such as per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (“PFAS”) could result in significant costs to us or limit our access to certain markets.
Current wording
We are subject to numerous laws and regulations related to HSE, sustainability and product compliance matters. These laws vary by jurisdiction but generally govern emissions, wastewater discharges, material handling and transportation, waste management and disposal, product stewardship, biodiversity and packaging requirements, toxicity and hazardous substances, supplier due diligence and standards, and workplace health and safety, as well as the investigation and clean-up of contaminated sites. For example, we are subject to increasing legal requirements and global efforts to control emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, fluorinated and other GHGs in an effort to minimize the effect on climate change, which have the potential to influence the price of the energy and raw materials we purchase. This includes the recent enactment of the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, which is anticipated to increase the cost of production of certain of our products in the EU and could reduce the demand for such products. GHG regulations and carbon taxes could also reduce oil and gas production, which may negatively impact our sales in the Energy and Resources end market. In addition, many of our products are subject to evolving laws to restrict specific chemical substances in our products or impose labeling and other requirements, such as the EU’s Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemical Substances (“REACH”) Regulation, and rising global concerns around microplastics, extended producer responsibility, plastic packaging or hazardous chemicals such as per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, which could result in significant costs to us or limit our access to certain markets. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could have significant consequences on our business and operations, including the imposition of substantial fines and sanctions for violations, injunctive relief (including requirements that we limit or cease the manufacture or sale of certain products) and negative publicity.
Previous wording
We have incurred, and will continue to incur, both operating and capital costs to comply with HSE, sustainability, and ESG related and other laws and regulations, including costs associated with the investigation and clean-up of some of our current and former properties and offsite disposal locations. As the present and former operator of industrial properties that use and generate hazardous materials, we could be subject to additional liability for environmental contamination in the future, regardless of whether we caused such contamination.
Current wording
We have incurred, and will continue to incur, both operating and capital costs to comply with HSE, sustainability and product compliance related and other laws and regulations, including costs associated with the investigation and clean-up of some of our current and former properties and offsite disposal locations. As the present and former operator of industrial properties that use and generate hazardous materials, we could be subject to additional liability for environmental contamination in the future, regardless of whether we caused such contamination.
Previous wording
Certain organizations test the quality and safety of vehicle replacement products. If these organizations decide not to test a particular vehicle product, or in the event that such organizations decide that a particular vehicle product does not meet applicable quality or safety standards, we may incur additional costs to meet such standards or experience a decrease in sales of such products, including as a result of a decision to discontinue sales of such product or insurance companies deciding to discontinue authorization of repairs using such product. Such events could adversely affect our business.
Current wording
Certain organizations test the quality and safety of vehicle aftermarket products. If these organizations decide not to test a particular vehicle product, or in the event that such organizations decide that a particular vehicle product does not meet applicable quality or safety standards, we may incur additional costs to meet such standards or experience a decrease in sales of such products, including as a result of a decision to discontinue sales of such product or insurance companies deciding to discontinue authorization of repairs using such product. Such events could adversely affect our business.
Previous wording
We are also subject to new and proposed rules and regulations of a number of governmental and self-regulatory bodies and organizations, such as the SEC, the NYSE, the EU, and the U.K. government, that require increased public disclosure of data related to sustainability and ESG issues and mandate additional requirements for sustainability and ESG related marketing claims. In addition, customers, investors, employees and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on these matters and related disclosures and marketing claims. At the same time, regulators have increasingly expressed or pursued opposing views, legislation and investment expectations with respect to sustainability and ESG initiatives, including the proposal or enactment of “anti-ESG” legislation or policies. These opposing views may also be adopted by our investors. Conflicting regulations and expectations across the jurisdictions in which we operate may create enhanced compliance risks and costs. These changing and inconsistent rules, regulations and stakeholder expectations have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and increased management time and attention to comply with or meet those regulations and expectations. For example, measuring and reporting information and metrics in compliance with the EU’s recently enacted Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive has been, and we expect will continue to be, costly, difficult and time consuming. Our sustainability initiatives and goals could be difficult and expensive to implement, and we could be criticized for or subject to litigation related to the accuracy, adequacy, consistency or completeness of our sustainability disclosures and marketing claims or the scope or nature of our initiatives or goals or revisions thereto. Further, statements about our sustainability initiatives and goals, and progress against those goals, may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve and assumptions that are subject to change in the future. If our sustainability related data, claims, processes and reporting are incomplete or inaccurate, or if we fail to achieve progress with respect to our sustainability goals on a timely basis, or at all, our reputation and financial results could be adversely affected and we could be exposed to litigation.
Current wording
We are also subject to new and proposed laws and regulations in various jurisdictions, such as the EU and the U.K., that require increased public disclosure of data related to sustainability and ESG issues and mandate additional requirements for sustainability and ESG related marketing claims. In addition, certain customers, investors, employees and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on these matters and related disclosures and marketing claims. At the same time, regulators have increasingly expressed or pursued opposing views, legislation and investment expectations with respect to sustainability and ESG initiatives, including the proposal or enactment of “anti-ESG” legislation or policies. These opposing views may also be adopted by certain of our investors. Conflicting regulations and expectations across the jurisdictions in which we operate may create enhanced compliance risks and costs. These changing and inconsistent rules, regulations and stakeholder expectations have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and increased management time and attention to comply with or meet those regulations and expectations. For example, measuring and reporting information and metrics in compliance with the EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, and monitoring updates to its implementation and effectiveness, has been, and we expect will continue to be, costly, difficult and time consuming. Our sustainability initiatives and goals could be difficult and expensive to implement, and we could be criticized for or subject to litigation related to the accuracy, adequacy, consistency or completeness of our sustainability disclosures and marketing claims or the scope or nature of our initiatives or goals or revisions thereto. Further, statements about our sustainability initiatives and goals, and progress against those goals, may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve and assumptions that are subject to change in the future. If our sustainability related data, claims, processes and reporting are incomplete or inaccurate, or if we fail to achieve progress with respect to our sustainability goals on a timely basis, or at all, our reputation and financial results could be adversely affected and we could be exposed to litigation.
Previous wording
Failure to develop, obtain, adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights could adversely affect our business, and third parties could allege that our products infringe on their intellectual property rights, adversely affecting our business.
Current wording
Failure to develop, obtain, adequately protect or enforce our IP rights could adversely affect our business, and third parties could allege that our products infringe on their IP rights, adversely affecting our business.
Previous wording
Our success depends on our ability to develop technologies and inventions used in our products and to brand such products to obtain intellectual property rights and to protect and enforce such intellectual property rights worldwide. In this regard, we rely on U.S. and foreign patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws, as well as license agreements, nondisclosure agreements, and confidentiality and other contractual provisions; however, procuring, enforcing, and defending patents on our products in all jurisdictions throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect or allow enforcement of intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.
Current wording
Our success depends on our ability to develop technologies and inventions used in our products and to brand such products to obtain IP rights and to protect and enforce such IP rights worldwide. In this regard, we rely on U.S. and foreign patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws, as well as license agreements, nondisclosure agreements, and confidentiality and other contractual provisions; however, procuring, enforcing, and defending IP rights on our products in all jurisdictions throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect or allow enforcement of IP rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.
Previous wording
Even if we obtain patents or other intellectual property rights in our new technologies and inventions, the scope of such rights may not be sufficiently broad to afford us any significant commercial advantage over our competitors. In addition, the technologies and inventions developed by our engineers in the future may not prove to be as valuable as those of competitors, or competitors may develop similar or identical technologies and inventions independently of us and before we do.
Current wording
Even if we obtain IP rights in our new technologies and inventions, the scope of such rights may not be sufficiently broad to afford us any significant commercial advantage over our competitors. In addition, the technologies and inventions developed by our engineers in the future may not prove to be as valuable as those of competitors, or competitors may develop similar or identical technologies and inventions independently of us and before we do.
Previous wording
Competitors and other third parties may challenge the ownership, validity, and/or enforceability of our patents or other intellectual property rights. Competitors may also use our technologies in jurisdictions where we do not pursue and obtain patent protection to develop their own products and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection, but where the ability to enforce our patent rights is not as strong as in the U.S. These products may compete with our products, and our intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent such competition.
Current wording
Competitors may also use our technologies in jurisdictions where we do not pursue and obtain patent or other IP protection to develop their own products and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent or other IP protection, but where the ability to enforce our patent or other IP rights is limited. These products may compete with our products, and our IP rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent such competition.
Previous wording
Further, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights against infringers may not prove successful and will generally be time consuming and expensive. Successful assertion of our intellectual property rights depends on the judicial strength and willingness of the issuing jurisdictions to enact and enforce sufficient intellectual property laws. To the extent we assert our intellectual property rights against third parties, adequate remedies may not be available. If we are unsuccessful in challenging such products on the basis of patent, trademark or other intellectual property misappropriation, continued sales of such imitating products may adversely affect our market share and impact customer perceptions and demand for our products. For example, although we routinely conduct anti-counterfeiting activities in multiple jurisdictions, we have encountered counterfeit reproductions of our products that infringe on our intellectual property rights. We expect pirates to continue counterfeiting certain of our products using our trademarks, which has led to, and will likely continue to cause, loss of sales. It is difficult to police such counterfeiting, particularly on a worldwide basis, and the actions we take to stop such counterfeiting and to establish trademarks and other intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent such counterfeiting activities by others. Conversely, third parties may assert infringement or other misappropriation claims against us based on their patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights. For example, OEM manufacturers continue to seek and obtain utility and design patents to support claims of intellectual property infringement against manufacturers and distributors of aftermarket products in efforts to restrict or eliminate the sale of aftermarket products.
Current wording
Further, our efforts to enforce our IP rights and prevent misappropriation, infringement or other violation of our IP rights may prove unsuccessful and will generally be time consuming and expensive. Successful assertion of our IP rights depends on the judicial strength and willingness of the issuing jurisdictions to enact and enforce sufficient IP laws. To the extent we assert our IP rights against third parties, adequate remedies may not be available. If we are unsuccessful in challenging such products on the basis of patent, trademark or other IP misappropriation, continued sales of such imitating products may adversely affect our market share and impact customer perceptions and demand for our products. For example, although we routinely conduct anti-counterfeiting activities in multiple jurisdictions, we have encountered counterfeit reproductions of our products that infringe on our IP rights. We expect pirates to continue counterfeiting certain of our products using our trademarks, which has led to, and will likely continue to cause, loss of sales. It is difficult to police such counterfeiting, particularly on a worldwide basis, and the actions we take to stop such counterfeiting and to establish trademarks and other IP rights may not be adequate to prevent such counterfeiting activities by others. Conversely, third parties may assert infringement or other misappropriation claims against us based on their IP rights. For example, OEM manufacturers continue to seek and obtain utility and design patents to support claims of IP infringement against manufacturers and distributors of aftermarket products in efforts to restrict or eliminate the sale of aftermarket products.
Previous wording
In addition, our markets are competitive and our efforts to prevent misappropriation, infringement or other violation of the intellectual property of others may not be successful. Any claim relating to intellectual property infringement, misappropriation or other violation that is successfully asserted against us may require us to pay substantial damages, including treble damages (if we are found to be willfully infringing another party’s patents) for past use of the asserted intellectual property, and royalties and other consideration going forward if we are forced to take a license. In addition, if any such claim were successfully asserted against us, we could be restricted or prohibited from manufacturing, selling or otherwise commercializing certain of our products, product candidates or other technology. Even if infringement claims against us are without merit, we will likely incur significant expenses investigating and defending such claims and, even if we prevail, may divert management attention from other business concerns.
Current wording
In addition, certain of our markets are highly competitive, and competitors and other third parties may challenge the ownership, validity, and/or enforceability of our IP rights or claim that our products violate their IP rights. Any claim relating to IP infringement, misappropriation or other violation that is successfully asserted against us may require us to pay substantial damages, including treble damages (if we are found to be willfully infringing another party’s patents) for past use of the asserted IP, and royalties and other consideration going forward if we are forced to take a license. Further, if any such claim were successfully asserted against us, we could be restricted or prohibited from manufacturing, selling or otherwise commercializing certain of our products, product candidates or other technology. Even if infringement claims against us are without merit, we will likely incur significant expenses investigating and defending such claims and, even if we prevail, may divert management attention from other business concerns.
Previous wording
We face an inherent business risk of exposure to various types of claims, lawsuits and proceedings. We have been, and may in the future be, involved in tax, intellectual property, product liability, product warranty, environmental and antitrust claims and lawsuits, and other legal, antitrust and regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of every claim, lawsuit or proceeding and the range of probable loss, we believe these claims, lawsuits and proceedings will not individually or in the aggregate have a material impact on our results. However, we could, in the future, be subject to various claims, lawsuits and proceedings, and we may incur judgments or enter into settlements of lawsuits and proceedings that are not covered or not sufficiently covered by insurance. Further, the insurance we carry may not be adequate to protect against unforeseen and damaging events, such as work stoppages and damage to facilities, equipment or reputation. We supply products to industries that are subject to inherent risks, including equipment defects, malfunctions and failures, and natural disasters (including as a result of climate change), which could expose us to liability. These exposures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Current wording
We face an inherent business risk of exposure to various types of claims, lawsuits and proceedings. We have been, and may in the future be, involved in tax, IP, product liability, product warranty, environmental and antitrust claims and lawsuits, and other legal, antitrust and regulatory proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of every claim, lawsuit or proceeding and the range of probable loss, we believe these claims, lawsuits and proceedings will not individually or in the aggregate have a material impact on our results. However, we could, in the future, be subject to various claims, lawsuits and proceedings, and we may incur judgments or enter into settlements of lawsuits and proceedings that are not covered or not sufficiently covered by insurance. Further, the insurance we carry may not be adequate to protect against unforeseen and damaging events, such as work stoppages and damage to facilities, equipment or reputation. We supply products to industries that are subject to inherent risks, including equipment defects, malfunctions and failures, and natural disasters (including as a result of climate change), which could expose us to liability. These exposures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Previous wording
The success of our business is largely dependent on our senior management team, as well as on our ability to attract and retain other qualified key personnel. In addition, there continues to be significant demand in our industry for skilled workers. It cannot be assured that we will be able to retain all our current senior management personnel and attract and retain other necessary personnel, including skilled workers, necessary for the development of our business. Further, in the event we do lose key personnel, the success of our business may depend on whether we have appropriate succession plans in place and can implement such plans to identify and integrate new personnel. The loss of the services of senior management and other key personnel or the failure to attract additional personnel and implement succession plans as required could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Current wording
The success of our business is largely dependent on our senior management team, as well as on our ability to attract and retain other qualified key personnel. In addition, there continues to be significant demand in our industry for skilled workers, the availability of which is limited in some of the locations in which we operate. It cannot be assured that we will be able to retain all our current senior management personnel and attract and retain other necessary personnel, including skilled workers, necessary for the development of our business. Further, in the event we do lose key personnel, the success of our business may depend on whether we have appropriate succession plans in place and can implement such plans to identify and integrate new personnel. The loss of the services of senior management and other key personnel or the failure to attract additional personnel and implement succession plans as required could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Previous wording
Labor is a primary component of operating our business. As of December 28, 2024, we had approximately 14,100 full time employees worldwide. Certain of our employees are represented by various unions under collective bargaining agreements, or by various regional works councils. While we have no reason to believe that we will be impacted by work stoppages and other labor matters, we cannot ensure that future issues with our labor unions or works councils, or with the labor unions of our customers and vendors will be resolved favorably or that we will not encounter future strikes, work stoppages, or other types of labor conflicts. Furthermore, increased unionization, new labor legislation or changes in regulations has disrupted and could further disrupt our operations, reduce our profitability, or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies. Additionally, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, labor shortages, turnover and increased labor costs due to general macroeconomic factors. Any of these factors may have a materially adverse effect on us or may limit our flexibility in managing our workforce.
Current wording
Labor is a primary component of operating our business. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately 13,000 full time employees worldwide. Certain of our employees are represented by various unions under collective bargaining agreements, or by various regional works councils. We cannot ensure that future issues with our labor unions or works councils, or with the labor unions of our customers and vendors will be resolved favorably or that we will not encounter future strikes, work stoppages, or other types of labor conflicts. Furthermore, increased unionization, new labor legislation or changes in regulations has disrupted and could further disrupt our operations, reduce our profitability, or interfere with the ability of our management to focus on executing our business strategies. Additionally, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, labor shortages, turnover and increased labor costs due to general macroeconomic factors. Any of these factors may have a materially adverse effect on us or may limit our flexibility in managing our workforce.
Previous wording
Certain of our employees in the U.S., the U.K., Canada, Mexico, Germany and Japan are participants in defined benefit pension plans which we sponsor and/or to which we have contribution obligations. As of December 28, 2024, the net pension obligation of our underfunded defined benefit pension plans globally was $58.5 million on a Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits” basis. The amount of our contributions to our underfunded plans will depend upon asset returns, funding assumptions, regulatory requirements and a number of other factors and, as a result, the amount we may be required to contribute to such plans in the future may vary. Such cash contributions to the plans will reduce the cash available for our business such as the payment of interest expense on our notes or our other indebtedness.
Current wording
Certain of our employees in the U.S., the U.K., Canada, Mexico, Germany and Japan are participants in defined benefit pension plans which we sponsor and/or to which we have contribution obligations. As of December 31, 2025, the net pension obligation of our underfunded defined benefit pension plans globally was $52.0 million on the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification Topic 715 “Compensation-Retirement Benefits” basis. The amount of our contributions to our underfunded plans will depend upon asset returns, funding assumptions, regulatory requirements and a number of other factors and, as a result, the amount we may be required to contribute to such plans in the future may vary. Such cash contributions to the plans will reduce the cash available for our business.
Previous wording
We are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes in the U.K., the U.S. and various other jurisdictions in which we operate. The laws and regulations in these jurisdictions are inherently complex and the Company and its subsidiaries are obliged to make judgments and interpretations about the application of these laws and regulations to the Company and its subsidiaries and their operations and businesses, including those related to any restructuring of intercompany operations, holdings or financings; the valuation of intercompany services; cross-border payments between affiliated companies; and the related effects on income tax, value added tax (“VAT”) and transfer tax. Further, our tax liabilities could be adversely affected by numerous other factors, including income before taxes being lower than anticipated in countries with lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in countries with higher statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws and regulations. We are regularly under audit by taxing authorities in certain of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, including our estimates of reserves for unrecognized tax benefits related to the implementation of our European corporate center in 2019, any changes in our judgments and interpretation of tax laws or any material differences as a result of the audits could result in unfavorable tax adjustments that have an adverse effect on our overall tax liability.
Current wording
We are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes in the U.K., the U.S. and various other jurisdictions in which we operate. The laws and regulations in these jurisdictions are inherently complex and the Company and its subsidiaries are obliged to make judgments and interpretations about the application of these laws and regulations to the Company and its subsidiaries and their operations and businesses, including those related to any restructuring of intercompany operations, holdings or financings; the valuation of intercompany services; cross-border payments between affiliated companies; and the related effects on income tax, value added tax and transfer tax. Further, our tax liabilities could be adversely affected by numerous other factors, including income before taxes being lower than anticipated in countries with lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in countries with higher statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws and regulations. We are regularly under audit by taxing authorities in certain of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, any changes in our judgments and interpretation of tax laws or any material differences as a result of the audits could result in unfavorable tax adjustments that have an adverse effect on our overall tax liability.
Previous wording
Changes in tax laws can and do occur. Changes to tax laws may require the Company to make significant judgment in determining the appropriate provision and related accruals for these taxes; and, as a result, such changes could result in substantially higher taxes and a significant adverse effect on our results of operations, financial conditions and liquidity. In addition, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”), which represents a coalition of member countries, has recommended fundamental tax reforms affecting the taxation of multinational corporations, including the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (“BEPS”) project, which in part aims to address international corporate tax avoidance. Countries have already enacted significant measures in this regard. The OECD has undertaken another project to address the tax challenges of the digitization of the economy. The broad objectives of this project are to reform international allocation of taxing rights by allocating a greater share of taxing rights to countries where consumers are located, regardless of the physical presence of a business (“Pillar One”), and to implement a global minimum tax (“Pillar Two”). In December 2021, the OECD published its Pillar Two model rules and, in December 2022, the EU Commission adopted a Directive to implement Pillar Two in the EU and required all 27 EU member states to adopt local legislation during 2023 to implement Pillar Two rules, which are to apply in respect of the fiscal years beginning from December 31, 2023. The U.K. has implemented certain elements of the Pillar Two proposal with effect in relation to accounting periods commencing on or after December 31, 2023, and the U.K. government announced in the Autumn Budget that (i) further elements of the OECD agreed Pillar Two model rules will be implemented in the U.K., with the effect in relation to accounting periods beginning on or after December 31, 2024 and (ii) further amendments would be made to the Pillar Two rules that have already been implemented. All sets of proposals are subject to exemptions and exclusions. Pillar One is generally intended to apply only to entities that are members of a consolidated group with an annual global turnover of at least €20 billion and profitability exceeding 10%, and Pillar Two is generally intended to apply only to entities that are members of a consolidated group with an annual revenue of at least €750 million. However, the details of the proposals are complex and are subject to significant uncertainty, and consultation in respect of certain aspects of the proposals is ongoing. While the impact on the Company will need to be determined by reference to the final rules, we currently do not expect any material impact as of December 28, 2024, and do not expect a material impact in future years.
Current wording
Changes in tax laws can and do occur. Changes to tax laws may require the Company to make significant judgment in determining the appropriate provision and related accruals for these taxes; and, as a result, such changes could result in substantially higher taxes and a significant adverse effect on our results of operations, financial conditions and liquidity. In addition, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”), which represents a coalition of member countries, has recommended fundamental tax reforms affecting the taxation of multinational corporations, including the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (“BEPS”) project, which in part aims to address international corporate tax avoidance. Countries have already enacted significant measures in this regard. The OECD has undertaken another project to address the tax challenges of the digitization of the economy. The broad objectives of this project are to reform international allocation of taxing rights by allocating a greater share of taxing rights to countries where consumers are located, regardless of the physical presence of a business (“Pillar One”), and to implement a global minimum tax (“Pillar Two”). In December 2022, the EU Commission adopted a Directive to implement Pillar Two in the EU and required all 27 EU member states to adopt local legislation during 2023 to implement Pillar Two rules, with effect in respect of the fiscal years beginning from December 31, 2023. The U.K. has implemented certain elements of the Pillar Two proposal with effect in relation to accounting periods commencing on or after December 31, 2023, and further elements were implemented with effect in relation to accounting periods commencing on or after December 31, 2024. The U.K. government announced as part of the 2025 Autumn Budget that further amendments would be made to the Pillar Two rules that have already been implemented. Such amendments are expected to largely take effect for accounting periods beginning on or after December 31, 2025. All sets of proposals are subject to exemptions and exclusions. Pillar One is generally intended to apply only to entities that are members of a consolidated group with an annual global turnover of at least €20 billion and profitability exceeding 10%, and Pillar Two is generally intended to apply only to entities that are members of a consolidated group with an annual revenue of at least €750 million. These legislative changes did not have a material impact in fiscal year 2025 and we do not expect a material impact in future years.
Previous wording
Moreover, a number of further proposals from the European Commission have been issued or adopted that further enhance and move beyond the work on the BEPS project. First, a package of tax reforms was adopted by the European Commission on September 12, 2023, comprising the “Proposal for a Council Directive on Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation” (“BEFIT”) (which seeks to produce a comprehensive solution for business taxation in the EU) and the “Proposal for a Council Directive on transfer pricing” (which seeks to harmonize transfer pricing rules within the EU and ensure a common approach to transfer pricing). BEFIT aims to introduce a common set of rules for EU companies to calculate their taxable base while ensuring a more effective allocation of profits between EU countries. Following adoption by the European Council, the proposals are intended to come into force on July 1, 2028 (for BEFIT) and January 1, 2026 (for the transfer pricing proposals). BEFIT has the potential to alter taxing rights with the EU, and may include substantive changes to applicable tax rules. Second, the European Council has agreed to implement changes to the procedures used across the European Union in respect of withholding taxes (known as “FASTER”). Specifically, the changes are aimed to simplify the procedures for a refund or to apply for relief at the source; however, the changes could have broader implications. These withholding tax proposals are expected to come into effect from January 1, 2030. The details and timing of the implementation of BEFIT (if adopted) and FASTER and the impact on our group entities which operate in the EU are uncertain.
Current wording
Moreover, a number of further proposals from the European Commission have been issued or adopted that further enhance and move beyond the work on the BEPS project. First, the “Proposal for a Council Directive on Business in Europe: Framework for Income Taxation” (“BEFIT”) (which seeks to produce a comprehensive solution for business taxation in the EU). was adopted by the European Commission on September 12, 2023. BEFIT aims to introduce a common set of rules for EU companies to calculate their taxable base while ensuring a more effective allocation of profits between EU countries. If adopted by the European Council, BEFIT is intended to come into force on July 1, 2028. BEFIT has the potential to alter taxing rights with the EU, and may include substantive changes to applicable tax rules. Second, the European Council has agreed to implement changes to the procedures used across the European Union in respect of withholding taxes (known as “FASTER”). Specifically, the changes are aimed to simplify the procedures for a refund or to apply for relief at the source; however, the changes could have broader implications. These withholding tax proposals are expected to come into effect from January 1, 2030. The details and timing of the implementation of BEFIT (if adopted) and FASTER and the impact on our group entities which operate in the EU are uncertain.
Previous wording
As of December 28, 2024, the total principal amount of our debt was $2,363.5 million. Our level of debt could have important consequences, including the following:
Current wording
As of December 31, 2025, the total principal amount of our debt was $2,240.1 million. Our level of debt could have important consequences, including the following:
Previous wording
Despite our current level of indebtedness, we may be able to incur substantially more debt and enter into other transactions which could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above.
Current wording
We may be able to incur substantially more debt and enter into other transactions which could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above.
Previous wording
A significant portion of our debt is variable rate. Although the U.S. Federal Reserve recently decreased interest rates, interest rates remain relatively high and could be increased in the future. As a result, interest rates on our variable rate debt could be higher or lower than current levels. As of December 28, 2024, after taking into account our interest rate derivatives, $608.5 million (equivalent), or 25.7%, of our outstanding debt had variable interest rates. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, would correspondingly decrease.
Current wording
A significant portion of our debt is variable rate. Although the U.S. Federal Reserve recently decreased interest rates, interest rates remain relatively high and could be increased in the future. As a result, interest rates on our variable rate debt could be higher or lower than current levels. As of December 31, 2025, after taking into account our interest rate derivatives, $655.1 million (equivalent), or 29.2%, of our outstanding debt had variable interest rates. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, would correspondingly decrease.
Previous wording
We have no current plans to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on our ordinary shares will be at the sole discretion of our Board. Our Board may take into account general economic conditions, our financial condition and results of operations, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is limited by our senior secured credit facilities and notes and may be limited by covenants of other indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur in the future. As a result, our shareholders may not receive any return on an investment in our ordinary shares unless such shares are sold for a price greater than that which was paid for them.
Current wording
We have no current plans to pay dividends on our ordinary shares. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends on our ordinary shares will, subject to contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions, be at the sole discretion of our Board. Our Board may take into account general economic conditions, our financial condition and results of operations, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries to us, and such other factors as our Board may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is limited by our senior secured credit facilities and notes and may be limited by covenants of other indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur in the future. As a result, our shareholders may not receive any return on an investment in our ordinary shares unless such shares are sold for a price greater than that which was paid for them.
Previous wording
In 2024, our shareholders adopted a resolution authorizing our Board to allot up to approximately 20% of our issued share capital as of April 22, 2024 and to grant rights to subscribe for or convert any security into such shares for the consideration and on the terms and conditions established by our Board in its sole discretion, whether in connection with acquisitions or otherwise. Additionally, we have reserved 19.0 million ordinary shares for issuance under our Omnibus Incentive Plan, including 7.3 million shares available for grant as of December 28, 2024. Any ordinary shares that we issue, including under our Omnibus Incentive Plan or other equity incentive plans that we may adopt in the future, would dilute the percentage ownership held by the holders of our ordinary shares.
Current wording
In 2025, our shareholders adopted a resolution authorizing our Board to allot up to approximately 20% of our issued share capital as of April 8, 2025 and to grant rights to subscribe for or convert any security into such shares for the consideration and on the terms and conditions established by our Board in its sole discretion, whether in connection with acquisitions or otherwise. Additionally, we have reserved 19.0 million ordinary shares for issuance under our Omnibus Incentive Plan, including 6.5 million shares available for grant as of December 31, 2025. Any ordinary shares that we issue, including under our Omnibus Incentive Plan or other equity incentive plans that we may adopt in the future, would dilute the percentage ownership held by the holders of our ordinary shares.
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Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
We generate strong margins by selling premium products at premium prices. Accordingly, our margins could suffer if our customers are no longer willing to pay a premium for our product and service offerings. We continue to face pricing pressure from our customers in OEM end markets as well as other end markets. Many manufacturers seek price reductions in both the initial bidding process and during the term of the award. If we are not able to offset price reductions through improved operating efficiencies, reduced expenditures, or new product introductions, those price reductions may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
Our operations, products and properties are subject to extensive foreign, federal, state, local and provincial laws and regulations relating to HSE, sustainability, and ESG matters around the world. These laws vary by jurisdiction but generally govern air emissions, wastewater discharges, material handling and transportation, waste management and disposal, product stewardship and packaging requirements, toxicity and hazardous substances, supplier due diligence and standards, and workplace health and safety, as well as the investigation and clean-up of contaminated sites. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could have significant consequences on our business and operations, including the imposition of substantial fines and sanctions for violations, injunctive relief (including requirements that we limit or cease operations at affected facilities), and negative publicity.