MongoDB, Inc.
For the period ended Oct 31, 2025. Filed Dec 2, 2025.
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A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Oct 31, 2025 · Filed Dec 2, 2025
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-Q
Period ended 2025-07-31; filed 2025-08-27.
0001441816-25-000181
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-Q
Period ended 2025-10-31; filed 2025-12-02.
0001628280-25-054768
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 103 previous paragraphs and 105 current paragraphs.
65 unchanged; 36 reworded; 3 added; 2 removed; 0 previous and 1 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 18 previous and 18 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (3)
Current report
$3.5 million increase in software, hosting, and IT-related expenses associated with ongoing initiatives to enhance systems and operational efficiency.
Current report
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended October 31, 2025 and 2024
Current report
During the three months ended October 31, 2025, we began funding withholding taxes in certain jurisdictions due on the vesting of employee RSUs by net share settlement, rather than our previous approach of selling shares of our common stock to cover taxes upon vesting of such awards. The amount of withholding taxes paid related to net share settlement of employee RSUs was $38.5 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025.
Removed paragraphs (2)
Previous report
Provision for income taxes remained flat for the three months ended July 31, 2025.
Previous report
Comparison of the Six Months Ended July 31, 2025 and 2024
Reworded paragraphs (36)
Previous wording
MongoDB is the developer data platform company whose mission is to empower developers to create, transform, and disrupt industries by unleashing the power of software and data. The foundation of our offering is the world’s leading, modern general purpose database. Organizations can deploy our database at scale in the cloud, on-premises, or in a hybrid environment. Built on our unique document-based architecture, our database is designed to meet the needs of organizations for performance, scalability, flexibility and reliability while maintaining the strengths of relational databases. In addition to the database, our developer data platform includes a set of, tightly integrated, capabilities such as search, time series, data lifecycle, application-driven analytics and stream processing that allow developers to address a broader range of application requirements. Our business model combines the developer mindshare and adoption benefits of open source with the economic benefits of a proprietary software subscription business model. MongoDB is headquartered in New York City and our total headcount increased to 5,654 as of July 31, 2025, from 5,360 as of July 31, 2024.
Current wording
MongoDB is the developer data platform company whose mission is to empower developers to create, transform, and disrupt industries by unleashing the power of software and data. The foundation of our offering is the world’s leading, modern general purpose database. Organizations can deploy our database at scale in the cloud, on-premises, or in a hybrid environment. Built on our unique document-based architecture, our database is designed to meet the needs of organizations for performance, scalability, flexibility and reliability while maintaining the strengths of relational databases. In addition to the database, our developer data platform includes a set of, tightly integrated, capabilities such as search, time series, data lifecycle, application-driven analytics and stream processing that allow developers to address a broader range of application requirements. Our business model combines the developer mindshare and adoption benefits of open source with the economic benefits of a proprietary software subscription business model. MongoDB is headquartered in New York City and our total headcount increased to 5,639 as of October 31, 2025, from 5,436 as of October 31, 2024.
Previous wording
We generate revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions, which accounted for 97% of our total revenue for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, and 97% for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2024.
Current wording
We generate revenue primarily from sales of subscriptions, which accounted for 97% of our total revenue for both the three and nine months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, and 97% for both the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024.
Previous wording
MongoDB Atlas is our hosted multi-cloud database-as-a-service (“DBaaS”) offering, which we run and manage in the cloud, and includes comprehensive infrastructure and management, as well as a host of additional features, such as MongoDB Atlas Search, Vector Search, time series, data lifecycle, application-driven analytics and stream processing. During the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, MongoDB Atlas revenue represented 74% and 73%, respectively, as compared to 71% and 70% of our total revenue during the three and six months ended July 31, 2024, respectively, reflecting the continued growth of MongoDB Atlas since its introduction in June 2016. We have experienced strong growth in self-serve customers of MongoDB Atlas, which are charged monthly in arrears based on their usage. We have also seen growth in MongoDB Atlas customers sold by our sales force, which typically sign annual contracts and pay in advance or are invoiced monthly in arrears based on usage. Customers sold by our sales force may also sign contracts that remain in effect until terminated and are invoiced monthly in arrears based on usage. We expect to continue to see a higher portion of our MongoDB Atlas contracts to be billed monthly in arrears based on usage without requiring upfront commitments.
Current wording
MongoDB Atlas is our hosted multi-cloud database-as-a-service (“DBaaS”) offering, which we run and manage in the cloud, and includes comprehensive infrastructure and management, as well as a host of additional features, such as MongoDB Atlas Search, Vector Search, time series, data lifecycle, application-driven analytics and stream processing. During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2025, MongoDB Atlas revenue represented 75% and 74%, respectively, as compared to 68% and 70% of our total revenue during the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, respectively, reflecting the continued strength of MongoDB Atlas since its introduction in June 2016. We have experienced strong growth in self-serve customers of MongoDB Atlas, which are charged monthly in arrears based on their usage. We have also seen growth in MongoDB Atlas customers sold by our sales force, which typically sign annual contracts and pay in advance or are invoiced monthly in arrears based on usage. Customers sold by our sales force may also sign contracts that remain in effect until terminated and are invoiced monthly in arrears based on usage. We expect to continue to see a higher portion of our MongoDB Atlas contracts to be billed monthly in arrears based on usage without requiring upfront commitments.
Previous wording
MongoDB Enterprise Advanced is our proprietary commercial database server offering for enterprise customers that can run in the cloud, on-premises or in a hybrid environment. MongoDB Enterprise Advanced revenue represented 21% and 21% for the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, respectively, and 24% of our subscription revenue for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2024. We sell subscriptions directly through our field and inside sales teams, as well as indirectly through channel partners. The majority of our subscription contracts are one year in duration and are invoiced upfront. When we enter into multi-year subscriptions, the customer is typically invoiced on an annual basis or pays upfront.
Current wording
MongoDB Enterprise Advanced is our proprietary commercial database server offering for enterprise customers that can run in the cloud, on-premises or in a hybrid environment. MongoDB Enterprise Advanced revenue represented 20% and 21% for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, and 25% and 24% of our subscription revenue for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, respectively. We sell subscriptions directly through our field and inside sales teams, as well as indirectly through channel partners. The majority of our subscription contracts are one year in duration and are invoiced upfront. When we enter into multi-year subscriptions, the customer is typically invoiced on an annual basis or pays upfront.
Previous wording
Many of our enterprise customers initially get to know our software by using Community Server, which is our free-to-download version of our database that includes the core functionality developers need to get started with MongoDB without all the features of our commercial platform. Our platform has been downloaded from our website more than 600 million times since February 2009. We also offer a free tier of MongoDB Atlas, which provides access to our hosted database solution with limited processing power and storage, as well as certain operational limitations. As a result, with the availability of both Community Server and MongoDB Atlas free tier offerings, our direct sales prospects are often familiar with our platform and may have already built applications using our technology. A core component of our growth strategy for MongoDB Atlas and MongoDB Enterprise Advanced is to convert developers and their organizations who are already using Community Server or the free tier of MongoDB Atlas to become customers of our commercial products and enjoy the benefits of either a self-managed or hosted offering.
Current wording
Many of our enterprise customers initially get to know our software by using Community Server, which is our free-to-download version of our database that includes the core functionality developers need to get started with MongoDB without all the features of our commercial platform. Our platform has been downloaded from our website more than 650 million times since February 2009. We also offer a free tier of MongoDB Atlas, which provides access to our hosted database solution with limited processing power and storage, as well as certain operational limitations. As a result, with the availability of both Community Server and MongoDB Atlas free tier offerings, our direct sales prospects are often familiar with our platform and may have already built applications using our technology. A core component of our growth strategy for MongoDB Atlas and MongoDB Enterprise Advanced is to convert developers and their organizations who are already using Community Server or the free tier of MongoDB Atlas to become customers of our commercial products and enjoy the benefits of either a self-managed or hosted offering.
Previous wording
We also generate revenue from services, which consist primarily of fees associated with consulting and training services. Revenue from services accounted for 3%of our total revenue for both the three andsix months ended July 31, 2025, and 3% for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2024. We expect to continue to invest in our services organization as we believe it plays an important role in accelerating our customers’ realization of the benefits of our platform, which helps drive customer retention and expansion.
Current wording
We also generate revenue from services, which consist primarily of fees associated with consulting and training services. Revenue from services accounted for 3%of our total revenue for both the three andnine months ended October 31, 2025, and 3% for both the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024. We expect to continue to invest in our services organization as we believe it plays an important role in accelerating our customers’ realization of the benefits of our platform, which helps drive customer retention and expansion.
Previous wording
We believe the market for our offerings is large and growing. According to IDC, the worldwide data software market, which it refers to as the Data Management Software market, was $106 billion in 2024 growing to approximately $191 billion in 2029. This represents a 13% compound annual growth rate.
Current wording
We believe the market for our offerings is large and growing. According to IDC, the worldwide data software market, which it refers to as the Data Management Software market, was $93 billion in 2024 growing to approximately $169 billion in 2029. This represents a 13% five year compound annual growth rate.
Previous wording
Adverse macroeconomic conditions include slower or negative economic growth and higher inflation. During the six months ended July 31, 2025, the macroeconomic environment negatively impacted our business. While the impact of these macroeconomic conditions on our business, results of operations and financial position remain uncertain over the long term, we expect to experience macroeconomic headwinds on growth rate for our existing MongoDB Atlas applications in the short term.
Current wording
Adverse macroeconomic conditions include slower or negative economic growth and higher inflation. While the impact of these macroeconomic conditions on our business, results of operations and financial position remain uncertain over the long term, we expect to experience macroeconomic headwinds on growth rate for our existing MongoDB Atlas applications in the short term.
Previous wording
We are intensely focused on continuing to grow our customer base. We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, in our sales and marketing efforts and developer community outreach, which are critical to driving customer acquisition. As of July 31, 2025, we had over 59,900 customers across a wide range of industries and in over 100 countries, compared to over 50,700 customers as of July 31, 2024. All affiliated entities are counted as a single customer and our definition of “customer” excludes users of our free offerings.
Current wording
We are intensely focused on continuing to grow our customer base. We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, in our sales and marketing efforts and developer community outreach, which are critical to driving customer acquisition. As of October 31, 2025, we had over 62,500 customers across a wide range of industries and in over 100 countries, compared to over 52,600 customers as of October 31, 2024. All affiliated entities are counted as a single customer and our definition of “customer” excludes users of our free offerings.
Previous wording
As of July 31, 2025, we had over 7,300 customers that were sold through our direct sales force and channel partners, as compared to over 7,300 such customers as of July 31, 2024. These customers, which we refer to as our Direct Sales Customers, accounted for 87% of our subscription revenue for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2025 and 87% for both the three and six months ended July 31, 2024, respectively. We plan to continue to invest in acquiring new customers and additional workloads from existing customers across all of our channels. We had over 58,300 MongoDB Atlas customers as of July 31, 2025 compared to over 49,200 as of July 31, 2024. The growth in MongoDB Atlas customers included new customers to MongoDB and existing MongoDB Enterprise Advanced customers adding incremental MongoDB Atlas workloads.
Current wording
As of October 31, 2025, we had over 7,000 customers that were sold through our direct sales force and channel partners, as compared to over 7,400 such customers as of October 31, 2024. These customers, which we refer to as our Direct Sales Customers, accounted for 87% of our subscription revenue for both the three and nine months ended October 31, 2025 and 88% for both the three and nine months ended October 31, 2024, respectively. We plan to continue to invest in acquiring new customers and additional workloads from existing customers across all of our channels. We had over 60,800 MongoDB Atlas customers as of October 31, 2025 compared to over 51,100 as of October 31, 2024. The growth in MongoDB Atlas customers included new customers to MongoDB and existing MongoDB Enterprise Advanced customers adding incremental MongoDB Atlas workloads.
Previous wording
The economic attractiveness of our subscription-based model is demonstrated by customer renewals and increasing existing customer subscriptions over time, referred to as land-and-expand. We believe that there is a significant opportunity to drive additional sales to existing customers, and expect to invest in sales and marketing and customer success personnel and activities to achieve additional revenue growth from existing customers. If an application grows and requires additional capacity, our customers increase their usage of our platform. Growth of an application is impacted by a number of factors including the macroeconomic environment. During the three and six months ended July 31, 2025, we believe we experienced a negative impact from the macroeconomic environment on the growth of existing Atlas applications, which affected our revenue growth. We expect the macroeconomic environment to continue to negatively impact our revenue growth. In addition, our customers add incremental workloads or expand their subscriptions to our platform as they migrate additional existing applications or build new applications, either within the same department or in other lines of business or geographies. Also, as customers modernize their information technology infrastructure and move to the cloud, they may migrate applications from legacy databases. Our goal is to increase the number of customers that standardize on our platform within their organization, as well as add new workloads with new and existing customers. Over time, the subscription amount for our typical Direct Sales Customer has increased.
Current wording
The economic attractiveness of our subscription-based model is demonstrated by customer renewals and increasing existing customer subscriptions over time, referred to as land-and-expand. We believe that there is a significant opportunity to drive additional sales to existing customers, and expect to invest in sales and marketing and customer success personnel and activities to achieve additional revenue growth from existing customers. If an application grows and requires additional capacity, our customers increase their usage of our platform. Our customers add incremental workloads or expand their subscriptions to our platform as they migrate additional existing applications or build new applications, either within the same department or in other lines of business or geographies. Also, as customers modernize their information technology infrastructure and move to the cloud, they may migrate applications from legacy databases. Our goal is to increase the number of customers that standardize on our platform within their organization, as well as add new workloads with new and existing customers. Over time, the subscription amount for our typical Direct Sales Customer has increased.
Previous wording
We calculate annualized recurring revenue (“ARR”) and annualized monthly recurring revenue (“MRR”) to help us measure our subscription revenue performance. ARR includes the revenue we expect to receive from our customers over the following 12 months based on contractual commitments and, in the case of Direct Sales Customers of MongoDB Atlas, by annualizing the prior 90 days of their actual usage of MongoDB Atlas, assuming no increases or reductions in their subscriptions or usage. For all other customers of our self-serve products, we calculate annualized MRR by annualizing the prior 30 days of their actual usage of such products, assuming no increases or reductions in usage. ARR and annualized MRR exclude professional services. The number of customers with $100,000 or greater in ARR and annualized MRR was 2,564 and 2,189 as of July 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our ability to increase sales to existing customers will depend on a number of factors, including customers’ satisfaction or dissatisfaction with our products and services, competition, pricing, economic conditions or overall changes in our customers’ spending levels.
Current wording
We calculate annualized recurring revenue (“ARR”) and annualized monthly recurring revenue (“MRR”) to help us measure our subscription revenue performance. ARR includes the revenue we expect to receive from our customers over the following 12 months based on contractual commitments and, in the case of Direct Sales Customers of MongoDB Atlas, by annualizing the prior 90 days of their actual usage of MongoDB Atlas, assuming no increases or reductions in their subscriptions or usage. For all other customers of our self-serve products, we calculate annualized MRR by annualizing the prior 30 days of their actual usage of such products, assuming no increases or reductions in usage. ARR and annualized MRR exclude professional services. The number of customers with $100,000 or greater in ARR and annualized MRR was 2,694 and 2,314 as of October 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our ability to increase sales to existing customers will depend on a number of factors, including customers’ satisfaction or dissatisfaction with our products and services, competition, pricing, economic conditions or overall changes in our customers’ spending levels.
Previous wording
We also examine the rate at which our customers increase their spend with us, which we call net ARR expansion rate. We calculate net ARR expansion rate by dividing the ARR and annualized MRR at the close of a given period (the “measurement period”), from customers who were also customers at the close of the same period in the prior year (the “base period”), by the ARR and annualized MRR from all customers at the close of the base period, including those who churned or reduced their subscriptions. As of July 31, 2025, our net ARR expansion rate was approximately 119%. Our net ARR expansion rate may fluctuate in future periods due to a variety of factors, including the volume and type of workloads that we onboard, growth rate of historical workloads on our platform and changes in the macroeconomic environment.
Current wording
We also examine the rate at which our customers increase their spend with us, which we call net ARR expansion rate. We calculate net ARR expansion rate by dividing the ARR and annualized MRR at the close of a given period (the “measurement period”), from customers who were also customers at the close of the same period in the prior year (the “base period”), by the ARR and annualized MRR from all customers at the close of the base period, including those who churned or reduced their subscriptions. As of October 31, 2025, our net ARR expansion rate was 120%. Our net ARR expansion rate may fluctuate in future periods due to a variety of factors, including the volume and type of workloads that we onboard, growth rate of historical workloads on our platform and changes in the macroeconomic environment.
Previous wording
Total revenue growth reflects increased demand for our platform and related services. Subscription revenue increased by $108.6 million primarily due to an increase of $92.4 million from our Direct Sales Customers, inclusive of the impact from Direct Sales Customers who were self-serve customers of MongoDB Atlas in the prior-year period.
Current wording
Total revenue growth reflects increased demand for our platform and related services. Subscription revenue increased by $96.9 million primarily due to an increase in consumption of MongoDB Atlas by our large existing customers as evidenced by our net ARR expansion rate of 120% as of October 31, 2025.
Previous wording
The increase in subscription cost of revenue was primarily due to a $23.6 million increase in third‑party cloud infrastructure costs, including costs associated with the growth of MongoDB Atlas, an increase of $4.8 million personnel costs and stock-based compensation and a $3.0 million increase in amortization costs primarily related to acquired intangible assets. The increase in services cost of revenue was primarily due to a $5.8 million increase in personnel costs and stock-based compensation and a $3.2 million increase in third-party consultant costs related to the delivery of consulting and training services.
Current wording
The increase in subscription cost of revenue was primarily due to a $26.5 million increase in third‑party cloud infrastructure costs, including costs associated with the growth of MongoDB Atlas, an increase of $5.0 million in personnel costs and stock-based compensation, and an increase of $3.0 million in amortization costs primarily related to acquired intangible assets. The increase in services cost of revenue was primarily due to a $4.8 million increase in personnel costs and stock-based compensation and a $2.5 million increase in third-party consultant costs related to the delivery of consulting and training services.
Previous wording
Our overall gross margin decreased to 71%. Our subscription gross margin declined to 76% due to an increase in subscription revenue from MongoDB Atlas as a percentage of our total revenue. Services gross margin decreased due to the impact of higher third-party consultant and training costs, services personnel costs and stock-based compensation related to growth in headcount.
Current wording
Our overall gross margin decreased to 71%. Our subscription gross margin declined to 76% due to an increase in subscription revenue from MongoDB Atlas as a percentage of our total subscription revenue. Services gross margin decreased due to the impact of higher third-party consultant and training costs, services personnel costs and stock-based compensation related to growth in headcount.
Previous wording
The increase in sales and marketing expense was primarily driven by a $19.8 million increase in commissions, an $18.8 million increase in personnel costs and $4.5 million in restructuring costs, partially offset by a $15.3 million decrease in costs associated with certain in-person events and a $5.3 million decrease in stock-based compensation.
Current wording
The increase in sales and marketing expense was primarily driven by a $7.7 million increase in spend on in-person events and digital marketing programs and a $6.7 million increase in commissions, partially offset by a $2.2 million decrease in overhead costs and travel-related expenses.
Previous wording
The increase in research and development expense was primarily driven by a $30.1 million increase in personnel costs and stock-based compensation.
Current wording
The increase in research and development expense was primarily driven by a $20.0 million increase in personnel costs and stock-based compensation and a $2.6 million increase in third-party infrastructure expenses to support ongoing product development and testing activities.
Previous wording
The increase in general and administrative expense was due to higher costs to support the growth of our business. In particular, these higher costs were driven by a $4.6 million increase in personnel cost and a $4.0 million increase in software costs and professional services to support the growth of our business.
Current wording
The increase in general and administrative expense was due to higher costs to support the growth of our business. In particular, these higher costs were driven by a $3.8 million increase in personnel cost and stock-based compensation and a
Previous wording
Other income, net for the three months ended July 31, 2025 increased primarily due to higher interest income from our short-term investments.
Current wording
Other income, net for the three months ended October 31, 2025 decreased primarily due to lower interest income from our short-term investments.
Previous wording
The increase in the provision for income taxes during the six months ended July 31, 2025 and 2024, was primarily due to an increase in foreign taxes.
Current wording
The increase in the provision for income taxes during the three months ended October 31, 2025 was primarily due to an increase in foreign taxes as we continue our global expansion.
Previous wording
Total revenue growth reflects increased demand for our platform and related services. Subscription revenue increased by $203.1 million primarily due to an increase of $171.6 million from our Direct Sales Customers, inclusive of the impact from Direct Sales Customers who were self-serve customers of MongoDB Atlas in the prior-year period.
Current wording
Total revenue growth reflects increased demand for our platform and related services. Subscription revenue increased by $300.0 million primarily due to an increase in consumption of MongoDB Atlas by our large existing customers as evidenced by our net ARR expansion rate of 120% as of October 31, 2025.
Previous wording
The increase in subscription cost of revenue was primarily due to a $43.8 million increase in third‑party cloud infrastructure costs, including costs associated with the growth of MongoDB Atlas, and increase of $10.2 million personnel costs and stock-based compensation and $6.6 million increase in amortization costs primarily related to acquired intangible assets. The increase in third‑party cloud infrastructure costs was partially offset by continued cost efficiencies realized as we scale MongoDB Atlas. The increase in services cost of revenue was primarily due to a $9.5 million increase in personnel costs and stock-based compensation and a $5.4 million increase in third-party consultant costs related to the delivery of consulting and training services.
Current wording
The increase in subscription cost of revenue was primarily due to a $70.4 million increase in third‑party cloud infrastructure costs, including costs associated with the growth of MongoDB Atlas, and increase of $15.2 million personnel costs and stock-based compensation and $8.4 million increase in amortization costs primarily related to acquired intangible assets. The increase in third‑party cloud infrastructure costs was partially offset by continued cost efficiencies realized as we scale MongoDB Atlas. The increase in services cost of revenue was primarily due to a $14.3 million increase in personnel costs and stock-based compensation and a $7.9 million increase in third-party consultant costs related to the delivery of consulting and training services.
Previous wording
Our overall gross margin decreased to 71%. Our subscription gross margin declined to 76% due to an increase in subscription revenue from MongoDB Atlas as a percentage of our total revenue. Services gross margin declined due to the impact of higher third-party consultant and training costs, services personnel costs and stock-based compensation related to growth in headcount.
Current wording
Our overall gross margin decreased to 71%. Our subscription gross margin declined to 76% due to an increase in subscription revenue from MongoDB Atlas as a percentage of our total subscription revenue. Services gross margin decreased due to the impact of higher third-party consultant and training costs, services personnel costs and stock-based compensation related to growth in headcount.
Previous wording
The increase in sales and marketing expense was primarily driven by a $12.3 million increase in commissions, an $11.7 million increase in personnel costs and $4.5 million in restructuring costs, partially offset by a $4.8 million decrease in stock-based compensation and a $1.4 million decrease in costs associated with certain in-person events.
Current wording
The increase in sales and marketing expense was primarily driven by a $26.5 million increase in commissions, a $22.6 million increase in personnel costs, $4.8 million in restructuring costs and a $4.1 million increase in spend on in-person events and digital marketing programs. The increase in sales and marketing was partially offset by a $13.9 million decrease in travel-related expenses due to reduced internal travel and sales events and a $8.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation.
Previous wording
The increase in research and development expense was primarily driven by a $53.6 million increase in personnel costs and stock-based compensation.
Current wording
The increase in research and development expense was primarily driven by a $71.7 million increase in personnel costs and stock-based compensation, a $5.5 million increase in third-party infrastructure expenses to support ongoing product development and testing activities, and a $3.2 million increase in allocated overhead costs.
Previous wording
The increase in general and administrative expense was primarily driven by a $7.5 million increase in personnel costs, a $3.2 million increase in professional services and a $2.7 million increase in software subscription costs, which was partially offset by a $11.2 million of reserve release and reduction of expense related to value-added tax expense for our operations in certain non-US jurisdictions.
Current wording
The increase in general and administrative expense was primarily driven by a $11.3 million increase in personnel costs and a $6.6 million increase in software and hosting expenses associated with ongoing initiatives to enhance systems and operational efficiency, which was partially offset by a $7.2 million release of reserves for value-added tax expense related to our operations in certain non-US jurisdictions.
Previous wording
Other income, net, for the six months ended July 31, 2025 improved primarily due to higher interest income from our short-term investments.
Current wording
Other income, net, for the nine months ended October 31, 2025 improved primarily due to higher interest income from our short-term investments.
Previous wording
In June 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional $800.0 million in repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program, bringing the aggregate authorized repurchase amount to $1.0 billion. During the six months ended July 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 929,674 shares of common stock for $200.0 million, of which, $5.6 million is included in other accrued liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2025, at an average price per share of $215.86. Refer to Note 10, Equity, in our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, and “Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer”included in Part II, Item 5 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
Current wording
In June 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional $800.0 million in repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program, bringing the aggregate authorized repurchase amount to $1.0 billion. During the nine months ended October 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 1,443,294 shares of common stock for $345.3 million, of which, $2.3 million is included in other accrued liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2025, at an average price per share of $265.88. Refer to Note 10, Equity, in our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, and “Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer”included in Part II, Item 5 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
Previous wording
Cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended July 31, 2025 was $182.0 million, driven primarily by an increase in our cash collections reflecting the overall growth of our sales and expansion of our customer base. Accordingly, our accounts receivable decreased by $41.8 million. In addition, our net loss of $84.7 million, includes non‑cash charges of $272.8 million for stock‑based compensation, $11.0 million for depreciation and amortization and deferred commissions of $14.5 million. Partially offsetting these benefits to our operating cash flow were a decrease in deferred revenue of $49.5 million, an increase in other long-term assets of $11.1 million, and a decrease in other net non-cash charges of $12.8 million.
Current wording
Cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended October 31, 2025 was $325.5 million, driven primarily by an increase in our cash collections reflecting the overall growth of our sales and expansion of our customer base. Our net loss of $86.7 million, includes $406.5 million of stock‑based compensation, $16.7 million of depreciation and amortization, $11.0 million of deferred commissions, $9.5 million of deferred revenue and $7.9 million of other net non-cash charges. Partially offsetting these benefits to our operating cash flow were an increase accounts receivable of $25.2 million and an increase in other long-term assets of $14.0 million.
Previous wording
Cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended July 31, 2024 was $62.2 million, driven primarily by an increase in our cash collections reflecting overall growth of our sales and expansion of our customer base. Accordingly, our accounts receivable decreased by $13.3 million. In addition, our net loss of $135.1 million, includes non‑cash charges of $243.2 million for stock‑based compensation and $7.2 million for depreciation and amortization. Our accrued liabilities increased by $29.2 million reflecting our increase in expenses and timing of payments. Partially offsetting these benefits to our operating cash flow were a decrease in deferred revenue of $54.3 million, amortization of premium and accretion of discount on short-term investments, net of $13.5 million, an increase in deferred commissions of $20.0 million and other net non-cash charges of $7.8 million.
Current wording
Cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended October 31, 2024 was $99.7 million, driven primarily by an increase in our cash collections reflecting the overall growth of our sales and expansion of our customer base. Accordingly, our accounts receivable increased by $11.3 million. In addition, our net loss of $144.9 million, includes non‑cash charges of $368.9 million for stock‑based compensation and $9.6 million for depreciation and amortization. Our accrued liabilities increased by $22.5 million reflecting our increase in expenses and timing of payments. Partially offsetting these benefits to our operating cash flow were a decrease in deferred revenue of $71.4 million, amortization of premium and accretion of discount on short-term investments, net of $19.1 million, an increase in deferred commissions of $38.8 million and other net non-cash charges of $15.9 million.
Previous wording
Cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended July 31, 2025 was $141.2 million, due to proceeds from maturities of marketable securities, net of purchases, of $153.7 million, partially offset by, cash used for investments in non-marketable securities of $8.3 million, purchases of property and equipment of $2.1 million and payments related to a business combination, net of cash acquired of $2.0 million.
Current wording
Cash provided by investing activities during the nine months ended October 31, 2025 was $372.2 million, due to proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities, net of purchases, of $386.3 million, partially offset by cash used for investments in non-marketable securities of $8.3 million, purchases of property and equipment of $3.8 million and payments related to a business combination, net of cash acquired of $2.0 million.
Previous wording
Cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended July 31, 2024 was $242.3 million, due to purchases of marketable securities, net of maturities, of $249.4 million, cash used for investments in non-marketable securities of $5.5 million and purchases of property and equipment of $1.6 million.
Current wording
Cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended October 31, 2024 was $411.1 million, due to purchases of marketable securities, net of maturities, of $401.8 million, cash used for investments in non-marketable securities of $5.8 million and purchases of property and equipment of $3.6 million.
Previous wording
Cash used in financing activities during the six months ended July 31, 2025 was $173.8 million, due to repurchases of common stock of $194.4 million and principal payments of finance leases of $4.1 million, offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan of $22.9 million and proceeds from the exercises of stock options of $1.8 million.
Current wording
Cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended October 31, 2025 was $362.1 million, due to repurchases of common stock of $343 million, $38.5 million due to taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards, and principal payments of finance leases of $5.8 million, offset by proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan of $22.9 million and proceeds from the exercises of stock options of $2.3 million.
Previous wording
Cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended July 31, 2024 was $186.9 million, due to proceeds from the settlement of capped calls of $170.6 million, proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and exercises of stock options of $19.9 million, partly offset by principal payments of finance leases of $3.6 million.
Current wording
Cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended October 31, 2024 was $186.3 million, due to proceeds from the settlement of capped calls of $170.6 million, proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and exercises of stock options of $20.3 million, partly offset by principal payments of finance leases of $4.5 million.
Previous wording
During the six months ended July 31, 2025, there were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations and commitments from those disclosed in our 2025 Form 10-K. Refer to Note 7, Leases and Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies, in our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
Current wording
During the nine months ended October 31, 2025, the Company entered into a renewal agreement with a cloud infrastructure provider that includes a non-cancelable commitment of $300 million to be paid over a period from October 2025 through October 2028. There were no other material changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations and commitments from those disclosed in our 2025 Form 10-K. Refer to Note 7, Leases and Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies, in our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.
Rearranged current paragraphs (1)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
The increase in the provision for income taxes during the nine months ended October 31, 2025, was primarily due to an increase in foreign taxes as we continue our global expansion.