C3ai Inc
For the period ended Apr 30, 2025. Filed Jun 23, 2025.
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A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.
FY2025 · Filed Jun 23, 2025
AI$11.69+2.7%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-K
Period ended 2024-04-30; filed 2024-06-18.
0001628280-24-028786
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-K
Period ended 2025-04-30; filed 2025-06-23.
0001628280-25-032604
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 193 previous paragraphs and 161 current paragraphs.
72 unchanged; 60 reworded; 29 added; 61 removed; 0 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 13 previous and 12 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (29)
Current report
Prioritized engineering services are undertaken when a customer requests that we accelerate the design, development, and delivery of software features and functions that are planned in our future product roadmap. When we agree to this, we negotiate an agreed upon fee to accelerate the development of the software as well as other terms, such as relevant specifications. When the software feature is delivered, it becomes integrated to our core product offering, is available to all subscribers of the underlying software product, and enhances the operation of that product going forward. Such prioritized engineering services result in production-level computer software-compiled code that enhances the functionality of our production products — which is available for our customers to use over the life of their software licenses. Prioritized engineering services revenue is recognized as professional services over the period in which the software development is completed. Prioritized engineering services accounted for 70%, 80% and 80% of total professional services revenue for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Current report
Service fees include revenue from services such as consulting, training, and paid implementation services. For service fees, revenue is typically recognized over time as the services are performed.
Current report
RPO was $235.1 million as of April 30, 2025, which includes $66.5 million of non-cancellable commitments where actual product selection and quantities of specific products or services will be determined at a later date. RPO was $235.1 million and $244.3 million as of April 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Current report
Initial Production Deployment (formerly referred to as Pilots and Trials)
Current report
We executed 174, 123 and 49 initial production deployment agreements in the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Current report
As the AI landscape continues to evolve, we remain at the forefront of generative AI technologies. This is clear in the product innovations we continue to roll out. In early fiscal year 2024, we launched the C3 Generative AI, with 28 domain-specific generative AI offerings that addressed needs unique to industries, business processes, and enterprise systems.
Current report
C3 Generative AI is a vehicle that allows us to diversify our customer base and market reach. Aiming to develop technology that serves high impact, under-served verticals, we launched the C3 Generative AI for Government Programs application. This application was built to help government agencies and the residents they serve navigate public benefits programs more efficiently and effectively. With C3 Generative AI for Government Programs, federal, state, or local government agencies can eliminate service delays, reduce wait times, make contact centers more effective, and improve the citizen experience.
Current report
The value of our innovations is evident in the benefits customers are realizing as adoption grows. In fiscal year 2025, we continue to have strong customer demand and adoption in diverse use cases, including operator assistance, intelligence analysis, complex documentation drafting, and customer service.
Current report
To help customers get started with C3 Generative AI faster and allow enterprises to truly understand the value of our technology, we launched C3 Generative AI Accelerator Program. This program is a three-day workshop designed to help organizations implement generative AI solutions effectively. The in-person program emphasizes a hands-on approach with participating teams engaged in unstructured and structured data integration, accuracy tuning, and application configuration using C3 Generative AI and the C3 Agentic AI Platform. At the end of the Accelerator, participating teams have working prototype applications that they can showcase within their organizations. Participants also work with C3 AI experts to develop customized AI scale-out and value capture plans that are tailored to each organization’s specific requirements.
Current report
Our intellectual property advancements in generative AI highlight our power as a pioneer in Enterprise AI. In October 2024, we were awarded a foundational U.S. patent (No. 12,111,859) for our generative AI agentic technology. The patent details a sophisticated system and method for orchestrating multiple AI agents using multimodal foundation models. This patent reinforces C3 AI’s commitment to innovation and its leadership in generative AI. Key patented technologies include:
Current report
•AI Orchestrator: The C3 AI orchestrator coordinates multiple AI agents, invokes specialized machine-learning models or mathematical tools as necessary and handles all data types and tasks.
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•Autonomy: Meaning the AI agents can operate independently to perform tasks across various business functions like sales, service, marketing, and commerce. AI agents can be fully customized to fit the specific needs of any industry or business process, using tools that are already familiar to programmers and data scientists.
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•Multimodal Model Integration: The system integrates advanced multimodal models to break down inputs into a series of instructions for a multiplicity of AI agents.
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•Natural Language Summarization: The technology generates comprehensive summaries from varied data sources, significantly improving decision making.
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•Traceability and Security: C3 Generative AI Agents provide full traceability to sources, comprehensive enterprise access controls, high security, minimal hallucinations, and are LLM agnostic.
Current report
C3 Generative AI is a highly differentiated product offering that provides customers with safe, secure, fast, and reliable insights from data across the enterprise. We differentiated C3 Generative AI from other market offerings, introducing expanded functionalities and innovative capabilities, including:
Current report
▪Omni-Modal Parsing at Scale: C3 Generative AI now extracts high-quality content and metadata from a wide array of unstructured formats — including presentations, spreadsheets, rich text, audio, and video — transforming them into a structured knowledge graph. This enables users to seamlessly search, link and analyze information across disparate systems, reducing time spent on manual information discovery.
Current report
▪Dynamic Planning Agent with Multi-Agent Collaboration: C3 AI’s planning agent performs multi-step reasoning across all data types, coordinating with other agents to solve complex tasks and workflows. This enables organizations to automate decision chains that previously required cross-functional input, from scenario planning to operational forecasting.
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▪Easy Agent and Tool Authoring: C3 Generative AI offers a streamlined developer experience, enabling users to rapidly create or enhance agents by integrating new tools in minutes, without the need for system upgrades. This flexibility allows enterprises to quickly adapt AI capabilities to meet evolving needs.
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▪On-the-Fly Custom Visualizations: C3 Generative AI can autonomously generate context-specific visualizations from natural language queries. This feature allows users to transition from questions to insights instantly, eliminating the need for manual charting, coding, or dashboard configuration.
Current report
A key priority for us is not just to meet but anticipate the needs of the Enterprise AI market. In many ways, generative AI is accelerating our strategic initiatives to achieve this goal. We expect to continue to invest heavily in generative AI, leveraging these advanced technologies not only to enhance our existing offerings, but also to create new, innovative applications that expand our impact in Enterprise AI.
Current report
In September 2024, we entered into a new global alliance agreement with Microsoft — focused on sales, marketing, and solution delivery across all geographies and all industries — to accelerate the adoption of Enterprise AI. The agreement establishes us as a preferred AI application software provider on Microsoft Azure. The collaboration includes joint sales, joint go-to-market strategies, and immediate availability of all C3 Enterprise AI solutions through Azure sales channels, including the Microsoft Commercial Cloud, technical integration, and aligned product development. We plan to invest aggressively to support this distribution channel.
Current report
In January 2025, we also entered into a new strategic alliance with McKinsey & Company, a global management consulting firm, to help clients and prospects across industries and geographies accelerate Enterprise AI transformations at scale. The alliance combines the deep technical expertise of McKinsey’s AI practice, QuantumBlack, and its track record of deploying and scaling AI solutions across industries with our cutting-edge Enterprise AI software applications to help clients unlock the power of Enterprise AI and agentic AI to realize significant operational improvements and unlock new growth opportunities.
Current report
Our business and financial results may be adversely affected by macroeconomic conditions, including geopolitical instability, a potential U.S. government shutdown, delays in budget approvals, or increased tariffs or global trade tensions. These and other market risks could have unforeseen and negative impacts on our operations and performance.
Current report
Professional services revenue increased by $28.9 million, or 89%, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, compared to the prior fiscal year, predominantly due to an increase in prioritized engineering services of $17.1 million and an increase in professional services of $11.9 million as a result of an increase in the number of consulting and training projects.
Current report
The subscription margin for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 increased primarily due to higher mix of revenue from demonstration licenses.
Current report
Other Income (Expense), Net
Current report
Operating Activities. Our largest source of operating cash is cash collections from our customers for subscription and professional services. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for payroll and contractors costs, third-party cloud hosting costs, sales and marketing costs, and other operational costs.
Current report
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, cash used in operating activities was $41.4 million, an increase of $21.0 million compared to last year. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in cash received from customers and improved spend efficiency, partially offset by an increase in cash paid for payroll and related costs, and to vendors.
Removed paragraphs (61)
Previous report
The Evolution of C3 AI
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Like many of the world’s leading technology companies, C3 AI has changed and expanded its branding and product portfolios to achieve market leadership.
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In January of 2009, we founded C3, Inc with the purpose of developing and marketing a software platform and family of software products that would enable companies to exploit the power of elastic cloud computing, big data, IoT, and predictive analytics.
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When we founded C3 AI, we believed the market for elastic cloud computing, IoT, big data, and predictive analytics software was destined to be large. That proved true. However, in 2009 the market was nascent, and the specific applications and markets were unknown. Based on Forrester’s report on the Public Cloud Market Outlook, in 2008, the global public cloud market was less than $20 billion; in 2023, it was expected to approach $500 billion. In 2008, there were less than 1 billion IoT devices worldwide;1 in 2023, that number was expected to exceed 55 billion based on the IDC report. In 2008, AI software - as we think about it today - did not exist. This year the AI software market is expected to exceed $450 billion based on the IDC report. We believe that by any standard that constitutes explosive growth.
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When we consider mega-market developments like the internet, the smartphone, and AI, it is impossible to anticipatea priori exactly how these markets will develop. With the advent of the Mosaic internet browser in 1993, who could have anticipated Amazon and Google? With the founding of Apple Computer Company in 1976, who could have anticipated the iPhone? The Apple Store? Apple TV? iTunes? These mega-markets develop in unanticipated ways.
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We believe that Enterprise AI is a mega-market event. As this market has developed, C3 AI has done a fine job of continually expanding its market offerings and continually expanding its market position to address the ever-expanding opportunity.
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C3: 2009 - 2012
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We founded C3 in January of 2009 and developed some of the core components of what is now the C3 AI Platform within the first year. There was much discussion and interest in the 2008 – 2011 timeframe about what we now consider sustainability initiatives, including clean tech, energy management, LEED certification, and cap and trade vs. carbon offsets; and as a result, we decided to focus our first use case on energy management. That proved to be a good decision.
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In 2010 we released our first product, C3 Energy Management.
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From 2010 – 2012, we closed several large agreements with a large global industrial company, one of the world’s largest chemical companies, two large utilities, and one of the world’s largest high-tech companies.
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C3 Energy: 2013-2015
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In 2012, C3 engaged McKinsey & Co. to conduct a study and make recommendations for maximizing growth including optimal company positioning and an associated pricing and product strategy. In the first two decades of the 21st century, utility companies were in the process of spending $2 trillion globally to upgrade their grid infrastructures with IoT devices, enabling the advent of the smart grid. Utilities were early adopters of IoT.
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The McKinsey analysis recommended that there was a significant opportunity for C3 to expand its business by applying its energy management and energy efficiency solutions to utilities at grid scale in addition to selling to enterprises.
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Adopting the McKinsey recommendations, C3 expanded its market position, rebranded as C3 Energy, and in addition to its prior solutions, C3 Energy offered a family of predictive analytics solutions - which were reliant on emerging AI techniques including machine learning, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning. Built to address the utility value chains of power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption, these solutions optimize the operation of large and complex power grid infrastructures. The C3 Energy utility software products expanded to include C3 AMI Operations, C3 Revenue Protection, C3 Predictive Analytics, C3 Revenue Production, and C3 Reliability.
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Many customers also licensed our core C3 Platform that they could use to develop their own predictive analytics application and/or to develop derivative works of the C3 Energy applications.
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It was during this period that the company formed its data science division to develop and apply AI techniques to our applications including machine learning, predictive analytics, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning.
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During this period, the company began to offer its products to the oil and gas industry including its AI Predictive Maintenance application for oil pumps, offshore oil rigs, LNG production facilities, etc. The company continued to offer its products for energy management and energy efficiency to utility companies based on per customer pricing and to enterprises based on expected value pricing.
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1 https://www.statista.com/statistics/764026/number-of-iot-devices-in-use-worldwide/
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This expansion into energy markets proved successful as the company booked 2 approximately $83 million in contracts and recognized $63.9 million in revenue during this period.
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C3 IoT: 2016 – 2018
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By 2016, we were seeing significant expansion in the cloud computing market and the proliferation of IoT sensors was expanding dramatically across many industries. We were increasingly approached by manufacturing companies, financial services companies, oil and gas companies, and the U.S. Department of Defense to deploy the same types of AI applications that we had successfully deployed in enterprises and utilities including AI Predictive Maintenance, AI Fraud Detection, AI Inventory Optimization, and C3 Energy Management.
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At that time, the common expression for these types of applications was “IoT,” and we appropriately rebranded the company as C3 IoT to communicate to the market that we were again expanding our market offerings from primarily one vertical market (energy) to a broadening range of markets.
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In response to this increased demand, the company tailored its core applications to meet the needs of those industries. As such, in addition to the C3 Platform, we offered market-specific versions of all our applications including AI Predictive Maintenance, AI Inventory Optimization, and AI Energy Management for the utility, oil and gas, defense, and financial services industries. In addition, the company introduced the concept of 4-to-16-week product trials as part of the sales process.
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This market and product line expansion again proved successful as the company booked 2 approximately $203 million in contracts and recognized $120.4 million in revenue from 2016 – 2018.
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C3 AI: 2019 – Present
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As the market for cloud computing, big data, IoT, and predictive analytics continued to expand, the market perception of IoT - as expressed in the literature, technical conferences, the academy, and in customer expectations - changed. While IoT had previously been considered at the confluence of sensor devices and AI applications, it was clear that IoT was becoming a concept increasingly centered on the devices - the IoT sensors themselves - with the AI applications considered a separate category. As this developed, the C3 IoT brand became confusing to the market, as many customers had the impression that the company was primarily in the business of manufacturing IoT sensors and devices.
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To eliminate this market confusion, we rebranded the company C3 AI, clearly communicating that we were in the computer software business.
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In addition to the products and services that the company offered since its inception, C3 AI again expanded its product offerings that now include over 90 AI production applications for the utility, oil & gas, state and local governments, financial services, manufacturing, health, and communications industries, and U.S. defense and intelligence sectors. Across industries, we introduced a number of AI application products that serve all vertical markets including C3 AI Ex Machina to address the needs of the growing citizen data science market, C3 AI CRM, C3 AI Data Vision, C3 AI ESG, and C3 Generative AI.
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Again, this market expansion proved successful, enabling C3 AI to book 2 over $1.4 billion in additional contracts and recognize $1.3 billion in revenue from 2019 – 2024.
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C3 AI was well ahead of its time in predicting the scale of the opportunity in enterprise AI applications. We began when the market was nascent, and as the market has developed and expanded, we have expanded our branding and our market offerings to meet market expectations.
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2 Unaudited
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Consumption-based Pricing Transition
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We believe the transition from a primarily subscription-based pricing model to a consumption-based pricing model brought us in line with industry-standard cloud software pricing standards, making it easier and less costly for new customers to initially acquire our solutions and then increase their spending if their usage and adoption increased. We anticipated and announced that this transition would have a short-to-medium term negative effect upon revenue growth, as the average sales price was significantly reduced and the contracts often lacked a time-certain multi-period commitment. We are still in the process of working through the transition to the new pricing model.
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As shown below, revenue growth initially decreased and then increased as the consumption-based pricing model went into effect. Average selling price, or ASP, and RPO have generally decreased. Customer Engagement has increased.
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As we continue our transition to consumption-based pricing model, and lower ASP subscription contracts, we expect RPO to decline.
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Customer Engagement and Product Adoption
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We define a Customer-Entity as each entity that is the ultimate parent of a party contracting with us. We commonly enter into enterprise-wide agreements with Customer-Entities that include multiple operating units or divisions. Our customer composition is diverse and includes various customer segments with discrete purchasing decisions and pricing models. We offer a wide range of products and services, which results in a complex sales tapestry.
Previous report
Over the course of our history, we have continued to innovate our product offerings, expand our market reach, and evolve our business model to better serve the needs and use cases of our ever-growing customers. Today, our relationships with customers take a myriad of different forms, ranging from free trials of C3 Generative AI on the AWS and GCP Marketplaces, $25 licenses of C3 AI Ex Machina to individual data scientists, to enterprise-level limited time trials and pilots, to multi-million-dollar long-term enterprise-wide agreements for C3 AI Applications and/or the C3 AI Platform. The number of individual departments and divisions within our customer base using our applications and/or applications they have built on our platform continues to expand. The move to our new consumption-based pricing model, while being the right model for our business evolution, adds yet another permutation to our customer relations. While the bulk of our new business volume consists of pilots followed by consumption-based pricing or time-certain multi-period commitments that may include consumption-based pricing, we continue to employ our historic pricing models in certain circumstances, including the expansion of existing agreements and renewals. We also have reseller relationships that sell our solutions to their end customers.
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While this may seem inordinately complex, it is in fact appropriately complex. Our flexibility in customer arrangements speaks to our agility in working with our customers and providing value-add products and solutions through those contractual agreements and pricing arrangements most convenient to our customers, while also enabling profitability and growth for C3 AI.
Previous report
Over time, we have done our best to provide a quarterly customer count as a proxy to highlight the adoption and acceptance of our products and services by customers.
Showing the first 40 of 61 passages. Open the source sections for the rest.
Reworded paragraphs (60)
Previous wording
•The C3 AI Platform, our core technology, is a comprehensive, end-to-end application development and runtime environment that is designed to allow our customers to rapidly design, develop, and deploy Enterprise AI applications.
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•C3 Agentic AI Platform, our core technology, is a comprehensive, end-to-end application development and runtime environment that is designed to allow our customers to rapidly design, develop, and deploy Enterprise AI applications.
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•C3 AI Applications, built using the C3 AI Platform, is a portfolio of pre-built, extensible, industry-specific and application-specific Enterprise AI applications that can be rapidly installed and deployed.
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•C3 AI Applications, built using the C3 Agentic AI Platform, is a portfolio of pre-built, extensible, industry-specific and application-specific Enterprise AI applications that can be rapidly installed and deployed.
Previous wording
•C3 Generative AI, combines the utility of large language models, or LLMs, generative AI, reinforcement learning, natural language processing, and the C3 AI Platform to rapidly locate, retrieve, and present information, disparate data stores, applications, and enterprise information systems.
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•C3 Generative AI combines the utility of large language models, or LLMs, generative AI, reinforcement learning, natural language processing, and the C3 Agentic AI Platform to rapidly locate, retrieve, and present information, disparate data stores, applications, and enterprise information systems.
Previous wording
We generate revenue primarily from the sale of subscriptions, which accounted for 90%, 86% and 82% of our total revenue in the fiscal years ended April 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our cloud-native software offerings allow us to manage, update, and monitor the software regardless of whether the software is deployed in our public cloud environment, in our customers’ self-managed private or public cloud environments, or in a hybrid environment.
Current wording
We generate revenue primarily from the sale of subscriptions, which accounted for 84%, 90% and 86% of our total revenue in the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our cloud-native software offerings allow us to manage, update, and monitor the software regardless of whether the software is deployed in our public cloud environment, in our customers’ self-managed private or public cloud environments, or in a hybrid environment.
Previous wording
We primarily recognize revenue from subscriptions on a ratable basis over the contract term or on a usage basis for consumption-based arrangements. In addition, customers typically pay a usage-based runtime fee for production use of our C3 AI Software for specified levels of capacity. We also recognize revenue upon delivery to the customer for software licenses that do not require maintenance and support services. Customers who choose to run the software in our cloud environment pay the hosting costs charged by our cloud providers. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, we announced a consumption-based pricing model, beginning with a pilot phase which may include access to the C3 AI Platform, one C3 AI Application or C3 Generative AI, and C3 AI Center of Excellence, or COE, support services. Following the pilot period, customers either pay a monthly fee and consumption charges using vCPU and vGPU hours as the metric to calculate payment or enter into a time-certain multi-period commitment that may include consumption charges. Our subscriptions also include our maintenance and support services. Additionally, we offer premium stand-ready support services through our C3 AI COE which is included as part of the subscription when purchased.
Current wording
We primarily recognize revenue from subscriptions on a ratable basis over the contract term or on a usage basis for consumption-based arrangements. We also recognize revenue upon delivery to the customer for software licenses that do not require maintenance and support services. In addition, customers typically pay a usage-based runtime fee for production use of our C3 AI Software for specified levels of capacity. Customers who choose to run the software in our cloud environment pay the hosting costs charged by our cloud providers. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, we introduced a consumption-based pricing model, beginning with an initial production deployment phase which may include access to the C3 Agentic AI Platform, one or more C3 AI Application or C3 Generative AI, and C3 AI Center of Excellence, or COE support services. Following the initial production deployment period, customers either pay a monthly fee and consumption charges using vCPU and vGPU hours as the metric to calculate payment or enter into a time-certain multi-period commitment that may include consumption charges. Our subscriptions also include our maintenance and support services. Additionally, we offer premium stand-ready support services through our C3 AI COE which is included as part of the subscription when purchased.
Previous wording
We also generate revenue from professional services, which primarily include implementation services, training and prioritized engineering services. Professional services revenue represented 10%, 14% and 18% of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our professional services are provided both onsite and remotely, and can include training, application design, project management, system design, data modeling, data integration, application design, development support, data science, and application and C3 AI Software administration support. Professional services fees are based on the level of effort required to perform the specified tasks and the services are typically provided under a fixed-fee engagement with defined deliverables and a duration of less than 12 months. We recognize revenue from our professional services over the period of delivery as services are performed.
Current wording
We also generate revenue from professional services, which primarily include prioritized engineering services and services fees. Professional services revenue represented 16%, 10% and 14% of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Our total revenue was $310.6 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024, representing a 16% increase compared to the prior fiscal year. Our subscription revenue grew to $278.1 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024, representing a 21% increase compared to the prior fiscal year.
Current wording
Our total revenue was $389.1 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, representing a 25.3% increase compared to the prior fiscal year. Our subscription revenue grew to $327.6 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, representing a 18% increase compared to the prior fiscal year. Our professional services revenue grew to $61.4 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, representing 89% increase compared to the prior fiscal year.
Previous wording
As it relates to our legacy subscription-based pricing agreements, we monitor remaining performance obligations, or RPO. RPO is not necessarily indicative of future revenue growth because it is not applicable to pay-as-you go consumption pricing agreements. Moreover, RPO is influenced by several factors, including the timing of renewals, the timing of purchases of additional capacity, average contract terms, and seasonality. Due to these factors, it is important to review RPO in conjunction with revenue and other financial metrics disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. RPO was $244.3 million and $381.4 million as of April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Current wording
As it relates to our subscription-based pricing agreements, we monitor remaining performance obligations, or RPO. While RPO provides insight into committed revenue, it may not accurately reflect future revenue growth, particularly for pay-as-you go consumption pricing agreements and due to factors such as timing of renewals, the timing of conversion of an initial production deployment into a recurring subscription contract, purchases of additional capacity, average contract terms, and seasonality. As a result, it is important to review RPO in conjunction with revenue and other financial metrics disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Previous wording
RPO represents the amount of our contracted future revenue that has not yet been recognized, including both deferred revenue and non-cancellable contracted amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Our RPO as of April 30, 2024 is comprised of $39.0 million related to deferred revenue and $205.3 million of commitments from non-cancellable contracts. Our RPO as of April 30, 2023 is comprised of $47.9 million related to deferred revenue and $333.5 million of commitments from non-cancellable contracts.
Current wording
RPO represents the amount of our contracted future revenue that has not yet been recognized, including both deferred revenue and non-cancellable contracted amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Our RPO as of April 30, 2025 is comprised of $36.6 million related to deferred revenue and $198.5 million of commitments from non-cancellable contracts. Our RPO as of April 30, 2024 is comprised of $39.0 million related to deferred revenue and $205.3 million of commitments from non-cancellable contracts.
Previous wording
Our go-to-market strategy has been historically focused on large organizations recognized as leaders in their respective industries or public sectors that are attempting to solve complicated business problems by digitally transforming their operations. These large organizations, or lighthouse customers, include companies and public agencies within the oil and gas, power and utilities, aerospace and defense, industrial products, life sciences, and financial services industries, among others. This has resulted in C3 AI powering some of the largest and most complex Enterprise AI applications. These lighthouse customers serve as proof points for other potential customers in their respective industries. As a result, we have a customer base of a relatively small number of large organizations that generate high average total subscription contract value, but we expect that, over time, as more customers adopt our technology based on the proof points provided by these lighthouse customers, the revenue represented by these lighthouse customers will decrease as a percentage of total revenue. As our C3 AI Platform and much of our other C3 AI Software are industry agnostic, we also expect to expand into other industries.
Current wording
Our go-to-market strategy has been historically focused on large organizations recognized as leaders in their respective industries or public sectors that are attempting to solve complicated business problems by digitally transforming their operations. These large organizations, or lighthouse customers, include companies and public agencies within the oil and gas, power and utilities, aerospace and defense, industrial products, life sciences, and financial services industries, among others. This has resulted in C3 AI powering some of the largest and most complex Enterprise AI applications. These lighthouse customers serve as proof points for other potential customers in their respective industries. As a result, we have a customer base of a relatively small number of large organizations that generate high average total subscription contract value, but we expect that, over time, as more customers adopt our technology based on the proof points provided by these lighthouse customers, the revenue represented by these lighthouse customers will decrease as a percentage of total revenue. As our C3 Agentic AI Platform and much of our other C3 AI software are industry agnostic, we also expect to expand into other industries.
Previous wording
In the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, we announced a change to our go-to-market strategy including a way for new customers to subscribe for our products at smaller initial contract sizes and pay for services based on their monthly consumption of vCPU and vGPU hours. Customers generally begin with a one to two-quarter-long pilot which includes the necessary resources required to deploy the C3 AI Platform and/or C3 AI Applications and receive necessary training to operate and maintain the software in production use. Following the pilot period, customers either pay a monthly fee and consumption charges using vCPU and vGPU hours utilized as the metric to calculate payment or enter into a time-certain multi-period commitment that may include consumption charges.
Current wording
In the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, we introduced a change to our go-to-market strategy including a way for new customers to subscribe for our products at smaller initial contract sizes and pay for services based on their monthly consumption of vCPU and vGPU hours. Customers generally begin with a one to two-quarter-long initial production deployment agreements which includes the necessary resources required to deploy the C3 Agentic AI Platform and/or C3 AI Applications and receive necessary training to operate and maintain the software in production use. Following the initial production deployment period, customers either pay a monthly fee and consumption charges using vCPU and vGPU hours utilized as the metric to calculate payment or enter into a time-certain multi-period commitment that may include consumption charges.
Previous wording
Acquiring new customers and expanding our business with our existing customers is the purpose of our go-to-market effort and drives our growth. Making new and existing customers successful is critical to our long-term success. After we help our customers solve their initial use cases, they frequently identify incremental opportunities within their operations and expand their use of our products. The increased engagement is measured by a combination of increased vCPU/vGPU usage, increased C3 AI Software subscriptions and subscriptions to the C3 AI Platform for in-house AI application development.
Current wording
Acquiring new customers and expanding our business with our existing customers is the purpose of our go-to-market effort and drives our growth. Making new and existing customers successful is critical to our long-term success. After we help our customers solve their initial use cases, they frequently identify incremental opportunities within their operations and expand their use of our products. The increased engagement is measured by a combination of increased vCPU/vGPU usage, increased C3 AI Software subscriptions and subscriptions to the C3 Agentic AI Platform for in-house AI application development.
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•Industry Partners. We have developed an alliance program to partner with recognized leaders in their respective industries, such as Baker Hughes, and Booz Allen, to develop, market, and sell solutions that are natively built on or tightly integrated with the C3 AI Platform.
Current wording
•Industry Partners. We have developed an alliance program to partner with recognized leaders in their respective industries, such as Baker Hughes and, Booz Allen Hamilton; to develop, market, and sell solutions that are natively built on or tightly integrated with the C3 Agentic AI Platform.
Previous wording
•Hyperscale Cloud and Infrastructure. We have formed global strategic go-to-market alliances with hyperscale cloud providers including Amazon Web Services, or AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform, or GCP. In addition, we have strategic alliances with leading hardware infrastructure providers to deliver our software optimized for their technology. These partners include Hewlett Packard Enterprise and Intel. These partners supply infrastructure solutions, data management and processing services, or hardware and networking devices (e.g., IoT gateways) to support C3 AI product implementations and complement C3 AI’s products.
Current wording
•Hyperscale Cloud and Infrastructure. We have formed global strategic go-to-market alliances with hyperscale cloud providers including Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services, or AWS, and Google Cloud.
Previous wording
•Consulting and Services Partners. We partner with a number of systems integrators specializing in Enterprise AI implementations.
Current wording
•Consulting and Services Partners. We partner with a number of consulting firms and system integrators specializing in Enterprise AI implementation, including McKinsey & Company, PwC, Fractal, and Paradyme.
Previous wording
•Independent Software Vendors. We partner with Independent Software Vendors who develop, market, and sell application solutions that are natively built on or tightly integrated with the C3 AI Platform.
Current wording
•Independent Software Vendors. We partner with independent software vendors who develop, market, and sell application solutions that are natively built on or tightly integrated with the C3 Agentic AI Platform.
Previous wording
Historically, our go to market strategy has focused on enterprise-wide, multi-period, large-value subscription contracts that entailed a long sales cycle, considerable sales effort and protracted negotiations. Our transition to a consumption-based pricing model for new customers helps us to better meet the needs of customers and align us with the model that is becoming common for enterprise software companies.
Current wording
Historically, our go to market strategy has focused on enterprise-wide, multi-period, large-value subscription contracts that entailed a long sales cycle, considerable sales effort and protracted negotiations. Our introduction of consumption-based pricing model for new customers helps us to better meet the needs of customers and align us with the model that is becoming common for enterprise software companies.
Previous wording
Our transition to a consumption-based pricing model is designed to increase the number of customers and accelerate growth by making it easier and less costly to adopt C3 AI solutions.
Current wording
Our consumption-based pricing model is designed to increase the number of customers and accelerate growth by making it easier and less costly to adopt C3 AI solutions.
Previous wording
A consumption-based pricing model begins with a paid “Pilot” phase of up-to six months that may include developer access to the C3 AI Platform, one C3 AI Application or C3 Generative AI and COE support services. Trials are limited period agreements where a defined business problem or use case is addressed with C3 AI software and the customer is presented with the resulting insights and a working application showcasing the utility, benefit and economic value to be gained from a production deployment. Following the pilot and trial periods, customers either pay a monthly fee and consumption charges using vCPU and vGPU hours as the metric to calculate payment or enter into a time-certain multi-period commitment that may include consumption charges.
Current wording
A consumption-based pricing model begins with a paid “Initial Production Deployment” phase (formerly known as “Pilot” phase) of generally up-to six months that may include developer access to the C3 Agentic AI Platform, one C3 AI Application or C3 Generative AI and COE support services. Following the initial production deployment period, customers either pay a monthly fee and consumption charges using vCPU and vGPU hours as the metric to calculate payment or enter into a time-certain multi-period commitment that may include consumption charges.
Previous wording
We consider the Pilot and trial count as a key business metric, as it reflects trends in market penetration and customer acquisition.
Current wording
We consider the initial production deployment count as a key business metric, as it reflects trends in market penetration and customer acquisition.
Previous wording
We count an agreement as a pilot or trial when an agreement meeting the characteristics of a pilot or trial as described above is executed with the customer.
Current wording
We count an agreement as an initial production deployment agreement when an agreement meeting the characteristics of initial production deployment as described above is executed with the customer.
Previous wording
We have built a high-performance, customer-focused culture and have implemented proactive programs and processes designed to drive customer success. These include a robust customer support and success function. For example, as part of our subscription offerings, we provide our customers with the ability to establish a COE utilizing our experienced and specialized resources in key technical areas like application development, data integration, and data science to accelerate and ensure our customers’ success developing applications on our C3 AI Platform. We closely monitor the health and status of every customer account through multiple activities, including real-time monitoring, daily and weekly reports to management, as well as quarterly reviews with our customers.
Current wording
We have built a high-performance, customer-focused culture and have implemented proactive programs and processes designed to drive customer success. These include a robust customer support and success function. For example, as part of our subscription offerings, we provide our customers with the ability to establish a COE utilizing our experienced and specialized resources in key technical areas like application development, data integration, and data science to accelerate and ensure our customers’ success developing applications on our C3 Agentic AI Platform. We closely monitor the health and status of every customer account through multiple activities, including real-time monitoring, daily and weekly reports to management, as well as quarterly reviews with our customers.
Previous wording
We intend to attract new customers across multiple industries where we have limited meaningful presence today, yet represent very large market opportunities such as telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, state and local government, smart cities, transportation, and healthcare, among others.
Current wording
We intend to attract new customers across multiple industries where we have limited meaningful presence today, yet represent very large market opportunities such as telecommunications, smart cities, transportation, and healthcare, among others.
Previous wording
Going forward, we expect we will attract new customers who prefer to subscribe to the C3 AI Platform and C3 AI Applications with our consumption-based pricing model. For further discussion, see the section titled “Overview - Go-to-Market Strategy” included in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Current wording
We expect we will continue to attract new customers who prefer to subscribe to the C3 Agentic AI Platform and C3 AI Applications with our consumption-based pricing model. For further discussion, see the section titled “Overview - Go-to-Market Strategy” included in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Previous wording
Investing in generative AI positions us as leaders in the enterprise AI space. It allows us to offer innovative solutions, improve operational efficiency for our customers, and address a broader market with our Enterprise AI applications. As the AI landscape continues to evolve, staying at the forefront of generative AI technologies is crucial for us for sustained growth and relevance in the industry.
Current wording
Investing in generative AI positions us as leaders in the Enterprise AI space. By offering innovative generative AI solutions that improve operational efficiency for verticals, we enable more enterprises across industries to benefit from technology advancements as we address a broader market with our Enterprise AI applications.
Previous wording
We intend to continue to invest in our research and development capabilities to extend our C3 AI Software, to expand within existing accounts, and to gain new customers. Our investments in research and development drive core technology innovation and bring new products to market. Our model-driven architecture enables us and our customers to rapidly address new use cases by building new applications and extending and enhancing the features and functionality of current C3 AI Software. By investing to make it easier to develop applications on our C3 AI Platform, our customers have become active developers. With our support, our customers have developed and deployed almost two-thirds of the applications currently in production and running on the C3 AI Platform. Research and development spending has fueled enhancements to our existing C3 AI Platform.
Current wording
We intend to continue to invest in our research and development capabilities to extend our C3 AI Software, to expand within existing accounts, and to gain new customers. Our investments in research and development drive core technology innovation and bring new products to market. Our model-driven architecture and generative AI agents framework enables us and our customers to rapidly address new use cases by building new applications and extending and enhancing the features and functionality of current C3 AI Software. By investing to make it easier to develop applications on our C3 Agentic AI Platform, our customers have become active developers. With our support, our customers have developed and deployed almost two-thirds of the applications currently in production and running on the C3 Agentic AI Platform. Research and development spending has fueled enhancements to our existing C3 Agentic AI Platform.
Previous wording
We believe we are in the early stages of a large and expanding market for AI enabled digital transformation. As a result, we intend to continue to invest in brand awareness, market education, strategic paid media, and thought leadership, particularly as it relates to generative AI. We engage the market through digital, radio, outdoor, airport, and print advertising; virtual and physical events, including our C3 Transform annual user conference; and C3 AI Live, a series of livestreamed events featuring C3 AI customers, C3 AI partners, and C3 AI experts in AI, Machine Learning, or ML, and data science.
Current wording
We believe we are in the early stages of a large and expanding market for AI enabled digital transformation. As a result, we intend to continue to invest in brand awareness, market education, strategic paid media, and thought leadership, particularly as it relates to generative AI. We engage the market through digital, radio, outdoor, airport, and print advertising; virtual and physical events, including our C3 Transform annual user conference; and C3 AI Webinars, a series of events featuring C3 AI customers, C3 AI partners, and C3 AI experts in AI, Machine Learning, or ML, and data science.
Previous wording
In addition to the activities of our field sales organization, our success in attracting new customers will depend on our ability to expand our ecosystem of strategic partners and the number of industry verticals that they serve. Our strategic go-to-market alliances vastly extend our reach globally. Some of our most notable partners include Baker Hughes, AWS, Microsoft, and GCP. Each strategic partner is a leader in its industry, with a substantial installed customer base and extensive marketing, sales, and services resources that we can leverage to engage and serve customers anywhere in the world. Using our C3 AI Platform as the development suite, we leverage our model-driven architecture to efficiently build new cross-industry and industry-specific applications based on identifying requirements across our customer base of industry leaders and through our industry partners. Our strategy with strategic partners is to establish a significant use case and prove the value of our C3 AI Platform, C3 Enterprise AI Applications, and C3 Generative AI with a flagship customer in each industry in which we participate. We have done this with our strategic vertical industry partner in oil and gas, Baker Hughes, as well as with our iconic global customers, some of whom are deploying C3 AI technology to optimize thousands of critical assets globally across their upstream, midstream, and downstream operations. We establish formal sales and marketing plans with each partner, including specific sales goals and dedicated budgets, and we work closely with these partners to identify specific target accounts. We intend to grow the business we do with each partner and to add more partners as we expand the vertical markets we serve. We also offer revenue generating pilots of our applications as part of our customer acquisition strategy.
Current wording
In addition to the activities of our field sales organization, our success in attracting new customers will depend on our ability to expand our ecosystem of strategic partners and the number of industry verticals that they serve. Our strategic go-to-market alliances vastly extend our reach globally. Some of our most notable partners include Microsoft, Baker Hughes, AWS, and Google. Each strategic partner is a leader in its industry, with a substantial installed customer base and extensive marketing, sales, and services resources that we can leverage to engage and serve customers anywhere in the world. Using our C3 Agentic AI Platform as the development suite, we leverage our model-driven architecture to efficiently build new cross-industry and industry-specific applications based on identifying requirements across our customer base of industry leaders and through our industry partners. Our strategy with strategic partners is to establish a significant use case and prove the value of our C3 Agentic AI Platform, C3 AI Applications, and C3 Generative AI with a flagship customer in each industry in which we participate. We have done this with our strategic vertical industry partner in oil and gas, Baker Hughes, as well as with our iconic global customers, some of whom are deploying C3 AI technology to optimize thousands of critical assets globally across their upstream, midstream, and downstream operations. We establish formal sales and marketing plans with each partner, including specific sales goals and dedicated budgets, and we work closely with these partners to identify specific target accounts. We intend to grow the business we do with each partner and to add more partners as we expand the vertical markets we serve. We also offer revenue generating initial production deployments of our applications as part of our customer acquisition strategy.
Previous wording
The international market opportunity for Enterprise AI software is large and growing, and we believe there is a significant opportunity to continue to grow our international customer base. We believe that the demand for our C3 AI Software will continue growing as international awareness of the benefits of digital transformation and Enterprise AI software grows. We plan to continue to make investments to expand geographically by increasing our direct sales team in international markets and supplementing the direct sales effort with strategic partners to significantly expand our reach and market coverage. We derived approximately 14%, 21% and 22% of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from international customers.
Current wording
The international market opportunity for Enterprise AI software is large and growing, and we believe there is a significant opportunity to continue to grow our international customer base. We believe that the demand for our C3 AI Software will continue growing as international awareness of the benefits of digital transformation and Enterprise AI software grows. We plan to continue to make investments to expand geographically by increasing our direct sales team in international markets and supplementing the direct sales effort with strategic partners to significantly expand our reach and market coverage. We derived approximately 14%, 14% and 21% of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, from international customers.
Previous wording
Subscription Revenue. Our subscription revenue is primarily comprised of software licenses, software-as-a-service offerings, stand-ready COE support services, pilots and trials of our C3 AI Applications or Generative AI, and hosting charges. Sales of our software licenses grant our customers the right to use our software, either on their own cloud instances or their internal hardware infrastructures, during the contractual term. We also offer a premium stand ready service through our COE. Sales of our software-as-a-service offerings include a right to use our software during the contract term. In addition, customers pay a usage-based runtime fee for our C3 AI Software for specified levels of guaranteed minimum consumption. Our subscriptions also include our maintenance and support services, which include critical and continuous updates to the software that are integral to maintaining the intended utility of the software over the contractual term. Our software subscriptions and maintenance and support services are highly interdependent and interrelated and represent a single distinct performance obligation within the context of the contract. We currently have a small number of customers that license our offerings under a perpetual license model, and we expect that may continue for the foreseeable future for certain customers due to their specific contracting requirements.
Current wording
Subscription Revenue. Our subscription revenue is primarily comprised of software licenses, software-as-a-service offerings, stand-ready COE support services, initial production deployments of our C3 AI Applications or Generative AI, and hosting charges. Sales of our software licenses grant our customers the right to use our software, either on their own cloud instances or their internal hardware infrastructures, during the contractual term. We also offer a premium stand ready service through our COE. Sales of our software-as-a-service offerings include a right to use our software during the contract term. In addition, customers pay a usage-based runtime fee for our C3 AI Software for specified levels of guaranteed minimum consumption. Our subscriptions also include our maintenance and support services, which include critical and continuous updates to the software that are integral to maintaining the intended utility of the software over the contractual term. For a significant majority of our offerings, our software subscriptions and maintenance and support services are highly interdependent and interrelated and represent a single distinct performance obligation within the context of the contract. We also sell software licenses that do not require maintenance and support services. We currently have a small number of customers that license our offerings under a perpetual license model, and we expect that may continue for the foreseeable future for certain customers due to their specific contracting requirements.
Previous wording
Professional Services Revenue. Our professional services revenue primarily includes implementation services, training and prioritized engineering services. We offer a complete range of professional service support both onsite and remotely, including training, application design, project management, system design, data modeling, data integration, application design, development support, data science, and application and C3 AI Software administration support. Professional services fees are based on the level of effort required to perform the specified tasks and are typically a fixed-fee engagement with defined deliverables and a duration of less than 12 months. In certain cases, customers seeking increased utility from their C3 AI Suite or C3 AI Application subscriptions can procure prioritized engineering services to develop and modify software features, which are typically part of our product roadmap, but on an accelerated basis.
Current wording
Professional Services Revenue. Our professional services revenue primarily includes consulting, training, paid implementation services and prioritized engineering services. We offer a complete range of professional service support both onsite and remotely, including training, application design, project management, system design, data modeling, data integration, application design, development support, data science, and application and C3 AI Software administration support. Professional services fees are based on the level of effort required to perform the specified tasks and are typically a fixed-fee engagement with defined deliverables and a duration of less than 12 months. In certain cases, customers seeking increased utility from their C3 Agentic AI Platform or C3 AI Application subscriptions can procure prioritized engineering services to develop and modify software features, which are typically part of our product roadmap, but on an accelerated basis.
Previous wording
Cost of Subscription Revenue. Cost of subscription revenue consists primarily of costs related to compensation, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation and other related expenses for the production environment, support and COE staff, hosting of our C3 AI Software, including payments to outside cloud service providers, and allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities.
Current wording
Cost of Subscription Revenue. Cost of subscription revenue consists primarily of costs related to compensation, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation and other related expenses for the production environment, support and COE staff, third-party system integration partners, hosting of our C3 AI Software, including payments to outside cloud service providers, and allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities.
Previous wording
Cost of Professional Services Revenue. Cost of professional services revenue consists primarily of compensation, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation and other related costs associated with our professional service personnel, third-party system integration partners, and allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities.
Current wording
Cost of Professional Services Revenue. Cost of professional services revenue consists primarily of compensation, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation and other related costs associated with our professional service personnel, prioritized engineering personnel, third-party system integration partners, and allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities.
Previous wording
Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses. We expect our operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue to increase as we continue to invest to grow our business. Over the long-term, we expect those percentages to stabilize and then move lower as our business matures.
Current wording
Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses. We expect our operating expenses to increase as we continue to invest to grow our business.
Previous wording
We expect our sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollar amounts as we continue to invest in brand awareness and programmatic spend to generate demand. We also expect to hire additional sales personnel to increase sales coverage of target industry vertical and geographic markets. Consequently, sales and marketing expense as a percent of total revenue will remain high in the near-term. As our business scales through customer expansion and market awareness, we anticipate that sales and marketing expense as a percent of total revenue will decline over time.
Current wording
We expect our sales and marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollar amounts as we to hire additional sales personnel to increase sales coverage of target industry vertical and geographic markets. Consequently, sales and marketing expense as a percent of total revenue will remain high in the near-term. As our business scales through customer expansion and market awareness, we anticipate that sales and marketing expense as a percent of total revenue will decline over time.
Previous wording
Research and Development. Our research and development efforts are aimed at continuing to develop and refine our solutions, including adding new features and modules, increasing functionality and speed, and enhancing the usability of our C3 AI Software. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for our employees associated with research and development related activities. Research and development expenses also include cloud infrastructure costs related to our research and development efforts, and allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Current wording
Research and Development. Our research and development efforts are aimed at continuing to develop and refine our solutions, including adding new features and modules, increasing functionality and speed, and enhancing the usability of C3 AI Software. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for our employees associated with research and development related activities. Research and development expenses also include cloud infrastructure costs related to our research and development efforts, third-party system integration partners and allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Previous wording
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense consists primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation and other related costs associated with administrative services such as executive management and administration, legal, human resources, accounting, and finance. General and administrative expense also includes facilities costs, such as depreciation and rent expense, professional fees, and other general corporate costs, including allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities.
Current wording
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consists primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation and other related costs associated with administrative services such as executive management and administration, legal, human resources, accounting, and finance. General and administrative expense also includes facilities costs, such as depreciation and rent expense, professional fees, and other general corporate costs, including allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities.
Previous wording
Interest income consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale marketable securities. It also includes amortization of premiums and accretion of discount related to our available-for-sale marketable securities. Interest income varies each reporting period based on our average balance of cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale marketable securities during the period and market interest rates.
Current wording
Interest income consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale marketable securities. It also includes amortization of premiums and accretion of discount related to our available-for-sale marketable securities. Interest income varies each reporting period based on our average balance of cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale marketable securities during the fiscal year and market interest rates.
Previous wording
Other (expense) income, net consists primarily of foreign currency exchange gains and losses, losses from impairment of marketable securities, and realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale marketable securities. Our foreign currency exchange gains and losses relate to transactions and asset and liability balances denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We expect our foreign currency gains and losses to continue to fluctuate in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Current wording
Other income (expense), net consists primarily of foreign currency exchange gains and losses, losses from impairment of marketable securities, and realized gains and losses on sales of available-for-sale marketable securities. Our foreign currency exchange gains and losses relate to transactions and asset and liability balances denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We expect our foreign currency gains and losses to continue to fluctuate in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Previous wording
The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenue for the periods presented:
Current wording
The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenue for the periods indicated:
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