Altice USA Inc

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

CSC HOLDINGS LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

CSC HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

CSC HOLDINGS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF MEMBER'S DEFICIENCY

CSC HOLDINGS LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

COMBINED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND RELATED MATTERS

The Company and Related Matters

Altice USA, Inc. ("Altice USA") was incorporated in Delaware on September 14, 2015. Altice USA is majority-owned by Patrick Drahi through Next Alt S.à r.l. ("Next Alt"). Patrick Drahi also controls Altice Group Lux S.à r.l, formerly Altice Europe N.V. ("Altice Europe") and its subsidiaries and other entities.

Altice USA, through CSC Holdings, LLC (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cablevision Systems Corporation) and its consolidated subsidiaries ("CSC Holdings," and collectively with Altice USA, the "Company", "we", "us" and "our"), principally delivers broadband, video, and telephony services to residential and business customers, as well as proprietary content and advertising services in the United States. We market our residential services under the Optimum brand and provide enterprise services under the Lightpath and Optimum Business brands. In addition, we offer a full service mobile offering to consumers across our footprint. As these businesses are managed on a consolidated basis, we classify our operations inone segment.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements ("consolidated financial statements") of Altice USA include the accounts of Altice USA and its majority-owned subsidiaries and the accompanying consolidated financial statements of CSC Holdings include the accounts of CSC Holdings and its majority-owned subsidiaries. The consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations of Altice USA are essentially identical to the consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations of CSC Holdings, except for the assets and liabilities and results of operations associated with the wholly-owned subsidiary of Altice USA that provides insurance coverage to CSC Holdings ("Captive"), as well as additional cash and deferred tax liabilities at Altice USA. Additionally, CSC Holdings and its subsidiaries have certain intercompany receivables from and payables to Altice USA.

The combined notes to the consolidated financial statements relate to the Company, which, except as noted, are essentially identical for Altice USA and CSC Holdings. All significant intercompany transactions and balances between Altice USA and its respective consolidated subsidiaries are eliminated in Altice USA's consolidated financial statements. All significant intercompany transactions and balances between CSC Holdings and its respective consolidated subsidiaries are eliminated in CSC Holdings' consolidated financial statements. Intercompany transactions between Altice USA and CSC Holdings are not eliminated in the CSC Holdings consolidated financial statements, but are eliminated in the Altice USA consolidated financial statements.

The financial statements of CSC Holdings are included herein as supplemental information as CSC Holdings is not a Securities and Exchange Commission registrant.

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all the information and notes required for complete annual financial statements.

The interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The financial statements presented in this report are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, such financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods presented.

The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that might be expected for future interim periods or for the full year ending December 31, 2025.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. See Note 11 for a discussion of fair value estimates.

NOTE 3. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

ASU No. 2024-03 Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires disaggregated disclosures of certain categories of expenses on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2024-03 becomes effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 (January 1, 2027 for us), and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 (January 1, 2028 for us). We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2024-03 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, but we expect the adoption will result in additional disaggregation of expense captions within our footnote disclosures.

ASU No. 2023-09 Income Taxes—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU No. 2023-09 is effective for us for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025, although early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2023-09, but we expect additional disclosure disaggregation in our income tax footnote.

NOTE 4. REVENUE

The following table presents the composition of revenue:

We are assessed non-income related taxes by governmental authorities, including franchising authorities (generally under multi-year agreements), and collect such taxes from our customers. In instances where the tax is being assessed directly on us, amounts paid to the governmental authorities are recorded as programming and other direct costs and amounts received from the customers are recorded as revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the amount of franchise fees and certain other taxes and fees included as a component of revenue aggregated $51,570 and $54,694, respectively.

Customer Contract Costs

Deferred enterprise sales commission costs are included in other current and noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheets and totaled $20,008 and $19,743 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from residential and small and medium-sized business ("SMB") customer contracts which are month-to-month. As such, the amount of revenue related to unsatisfied performance obligations is not necessarily indicative of the future revenue to be recognized from our existing customer base. Contracts with enterprise customers generally range from three years tofive years, and services may only be terminated in accordance with the contractual terms.

Concentration of Credit Risk

We did not have a single customer that represented 10% or more of our consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 or 10% or more of our consolidated net trade receivables at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

NOTE 5. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic net income (loss) per common share attributable to Altice USA stockholders is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Altice USA stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per common share attributable to Altice USA stockholders reflects the dilutive effects of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and deferred cash-denominated awards. For awards that are performance based, the dilutive effect is reflected upon the achievement of the performance criteria. In periods with reported net losses attributable to Altice USA stockholders, share-based awards are anti-dilutive and excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share.

Net income (loss) per membership unit for CSC Holdings is not presented since CSC Holdings is a limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Altice USA.

NOTE 6. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Our non-cash investing and financing activities and other supplemental data were as follows:

NOTE 7. RESTRUCTURING, IMPAIRMENTS AND OTHER OPERATING ITEMS

Our restructuring, impairments and other operating items are comprised of the following:

(a)Includes estimated amounts relating to certain legal matters and costs to early terminate contracts with vendors.

NOTE 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Our amortizable intangible assets primarily consist of customer relationships acquired pursuant to business combinations and represent the value of the business relationship with those customers.

The following table summarizes information relating to our acquired amortizable intangible assets:

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 aggregated $74,070 and $84,024, respectively.

Goodwill and the value of indefinite-lived cable franchises acquired in business combinations are not amortized. Rather, such assets are tested for impairment annually as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the assets may be impaired. The carrying amount of indefinite-lived cable franchise rights was $13,211,308 and goodwill was $8,041,217 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

NOTE 9. DEBT

The following table provides details of our outstanding debt:

(a)The carrying amount is net of the unamortized deferred financing costs and/or discounts/premiums.

(b)At March 31, 2025, $163,613 of the revolving credit facility was restricted for certain letters of credit issued on our behalf and $311,387 of the $2,475,000 facility was undrawn and available, subject to covenant limitations. The revolving credit facility bears interest at a rate of Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") (plus a credit adjustment spread of 0.10%) plus 2.25% per annum.

(c)Incremental Term Loan B-5 requires quarterly installments of $7,500 and bore interest at a rate equal to Synthetic USD London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 2.50% per annum through March 31, 2025. Thereafter, we are required to pay interest at a rate equal to the alternate base rate (“ABR”), plus the applicable margin, where the ABR is the greater of (x) prime rate or (y) the federal funds effective rate plus 50 basis points, and the applicable margin for any ABR loan is 1.50% per annum.

(d)Incremental Term Loan B-6 requires quarterly installments of $5,005 and bears interest at a rate equal to SOFR plus 4.50% per annum.

(e)See discussion below under "Lightpath Credit Facility" regarding the Refinancing Amendment.

(f)At March 31, 2025, $150 of the revolving credit facility was restricted for certain letters of credit issued on Lightpath's behalf and $114,850 of the $115,000 in revolving loan commitments were undrawn and available, subject to covenant limitations.

For financing purposes, we have two debt silos: CSC Holdings and Lightpath. The CSC Holdings silo is structured as a restricted group (the "CSC Holdings Restricted Group") and an unrestricted group, which includes certain designated subsidiaries and investments. The CSC Holdings Restricted Group is comprised of CSC Holdings and substantially all of its wholly-owned operating subsidiaries excluding Cablevision Lightpath which became an unrestricted subsidiary in September 2020. These CSC Holdings Restricted Group subsidiaries are subject to the covenants and restrictions of CSC Holdings' credit facility and indentures governing the notes issued by CSC Holdings. The Lightpath silo includes all of its operating subsidiaries which are subject to the covenants and restrictions of the Lightpath credit facility and indentures governing the notes issued by Lightpath.

CSC Holdings Revolving Credit Facility

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, CSC Holdings borrowed $450,000 under its revolving credit facility and repaid $150,000 of amounts outstanding under its revolving credit facility.

Lightpath Credit Facility

Lightpath is party to an amended credit agreement (the "Amended Credit Agreement") which provides a term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $676,000 ($674,240 outstanding at March 31, 2025) and revolving loan commitments (the "Lightpath Revolving Credit Facility") in an aggregate principal amount of $115,000.

Under the Amended Credit Agreement, $95,000 of the aggregate principal amount of the Lightpath Revolving Credit Facility will mature on the earlier of (i) June 15, 2027 and (ii) the date that is five business days after any Extension Breach Date, and the remaining $20,000 of the Lightpath Revolving Credit Facility will mature on November 30, 2025 (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement).

In January 2025, Lightpath entered into a refinancing amendment (the "Refinancing Amendment") to its Amended Credit Agreement, which refinanced all of the term loans outstanding immediately prior to giving effect to the Refinancing Amendment in order to reduce the applicable margins with respect thereto from (i) with respect to any alternate base rate loan,2.25% per annum to 2.00% per annum and (ii) with respect to any Term SOFR loan,3.25% per annum to 3.00%. Additionally, after giving effect to the Refinancing Amendment, interest on borrowings made under the refinanced term loan facility are calculated without giving effect to the spread adjustments (0.11448%,0.26161% and 0.42826% for interest periods of one, three and six months, respectively) initially provided for under the Amended Credit Agreement.

Debt Compliance

As of March 31, 2025, CSC Holdings and Lightpath were in compliance with applicable financial covenants under their respective credit facilities and with applicable financial covenants under each respective indenture by which the senior guaranteed notes, senior secured notes and senior notes were issued.

Summary of Debt Maturities

The future principal payments under our various debt obligations outstanding as of March 31, 2025, including supply chain financing, but excluding finance lease obligations, are as follows:

(a)Includes $1,906,850 principal amount related to the CSC Holdings' Incremental Term Loan B-6 that is due on the earlier of (i) January 15, 2028 and (ii) April 15, 2027 if, as of such date, any Incremental Term Loan B-5 borrowings are still outstanding, unless the Incremental Term Loan B-5 maturity date has been extended to a date falling after January 15, 2028.

NOTE 10. DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS

Interest Rate Swap Contracts

To manage interest rate risk, we have from time to time entered into interest rate swap contracts to adjust the proportion of total debt that is subject to variable and fixed interest rates. Such contracts effectively fix the borrowing rates on floating rate debt to provide an economic hedge against the risk of rising rates and effectively convert fixed rate borrowings to variable rates to permit us to realize lower interest expense in a declining interest rate environment. We monitor the financial institutions that are counterparties to our interest rate swap contracts and we only enter into interest rate swap contracts with financial institutions that are rated investment grade. All such contracts are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes and are carried at their fair market values on our consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

The following represents the location of the assets associated with our derivative instruments within the consolidated balance sheets:

The following table presents the gain (loss) related to our derivative contracts:

Interest Rate Swap Contracts

The following is a summary of the terms of our outstanding interest rate swap contracts at March 31, 2025:

NOTE 11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity's pricing based upon their own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

•Level I - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

•Level II - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

•Level III - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

The following table presents our financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their classification under the fair value hierarchy:

(a)Money market funds at CSC Holdings amounted to $184,076 and $151,205 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Our money market funds which are classified as cash equivalents are classified within Level I of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices.

The interest rate swap contracts on our consolidated balance sheets are valued using market-based inputs to valuation models. These valuation models require a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, and measures of volatility. When appropriate, valuations are adjusted for various factors such as liquidity, bid/offer spreads and credit risk considerations. Such adjustments are generally based on available market evidence. Since model inputs can generally be verified and do not involve significant management judgment, we have concluded that these instruments should be classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy.

The carrying values of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The fair value of the contingent consideration as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 related to certain acquisitions was determined using a probability assessment of the contingent payment for the respective periods.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate:

Credit Facility Debt, Senior Notes, Senior Guaranteed Notes, Senior Secured Notes, and Supply Chain Financing

The fair values of each of our debt instruments are based on quoted market prices of these instruments. The carrying value of outstanding amounts related to supply chain financing agreements approximates the fair value due to their short-term maturity (less than one year).

The carrying values, estimated fair values, and classification under the fair value hierarchy of our financial instruments, excluding those that are carried at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, are summarized below:

(a)Amounts are net of unamortized deferred financing costs and discounts/premiums.

The table above excludes the estimated fair value on the carrying value of $88,500 relating to the note payable to Captive at CSC Holdings, as it is eliminated in the Altice USA consolidated financial statements (see Note 14).

The fair value estimates related to our debt instruments presented above are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgments and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

NOTE 12. INCOME TAXES

We use an estimated annual effective tax rate ("AETR") to measure the income tax expense or benefit recognized on a year-to-date basis in an interim period. In addition, certain items included in income tax expense as well as the tax impact of certain items included in pretax income must be treated as discrete items. The income tax expense or benefit associated with these discrete items is fully recognized in the interim period in which the items occur.

Altice USA

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recorded a tax benefit of $15,964 on pre-tax loss of $87,235. The effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the increase in tax deficiencies on share-based compensation.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded tax expense of $2,924 on pre-tax loss of $9,972, resulting in an effective tax rate that was higher than the U.S. statutory tax rate. The higher tax rate was primarily due to the impact of state tax expense, certain non-deductible expenses, and tax deficiencies on share-based compensation.

CSC Holdings

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recorded a tax benefit of $16,452 on pre-tax loss of $90,169. The effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the increase in tax deficiencies on share-based compensation.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a tax expense of $2,924 on pre-tax loss of $9,972, resulting in an effective tax rate that was higher than the U.S. statutory tax rate. The higher tax rate was due to the impact of certain non-deductible expenses, state tax expense, and tax deficiencies on share-based compensation.

NOTE 13. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The following table presents share-based compensation expense (benefit) and unrecognized compensation cost:

Restricted Share Units

The following table summarizes activity related to restricted share units granted to our employees:

Cash Denominated Performance Awards

The following table summarizes activity related to cash denominated performance award granted to our employees:

The cash denominated performance awards cliff vest in three years. The payout of these awards can range from 0% to 200% of the target value based on our achievement of certain revenue and Adjusted EBITDA targets during a three year performance period. These awards will be settled in shares of our Class A common stock, or cash, at our option.

Stock Option Awards

Options outstanding under the 2017 LTIP Plan either (i) cliff vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant, (ii) vest over three years in annual increments of 33-1/3%, or (iii) vest over four years, with 50% vesting on the second anniversary of the date of grant,25% on the third anniversary of the date of grant and 25% on the fourth anniversary of the date of grant. The option awards generally are subject to continued employment with us, and expireten years from the date of grant. Performance based option awards vest upon achievement of performance criteria. As of March 31, 2025, there were 17,134,751 options outstanding of which 15,321,068 were exercisable.

Performance Stock Units

Certain of our employees were granted performance stock units ("PSUs"). Each PSU gives the employee the right to receive one share of Altice USA Class A common stock, upon achievement of a specified stock price hurdle. The PSUs will be forfeited if the applicable performance measure is not achieved prior to January 29, 2026 or if the employee does not continue to provide services to us through the achievement date of the applicable performance measure. As of March 31, 2025 there were 2,723,552 PSUs outstanding.

Lightpath Plan Awards

As of March 31, 2025,616,334 Class A-1 management incentive units and 297,277 Class A-2 management incentive units ("Award Units") granted to certain employees of Lightpath were outstanding. Vested units will be redeemed upon a partial exit, a change in control or the completion of an initial public offering, as defined in the Lightpath Holdings LLC agreement. The grant date fair value of the Award Units outstanding aggregated $32,180 and will be expensed in the period in which a partial exit or a liquidity event is consummated.

NOTE 14. AFFILIATE AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Affiliate and Related Party Transactions

Altice USA is controlled by Patrick Drahi through Next Alt who also controls Altice Europe and other entities.

As the transactions discussed below were conducted between entities under common control by Mr. Drahi, amounts charged for certain services may not have represented amounts that might have been received or incurred if the transactions were based upon arm's length negotiations.

The following table summarizes the revenue and expenses related to services provided to or received from affiliates and related parties:

Revenue

We recognize revenue primarily from the sale of advertising to a related party.

Programming and Other Direct Costs

Programming and other direct costs include costs incurred for advertising services provided by a related party.

Other Operating Expenses, Net

Other operating expenses primarily include charges for services provided by certain subsidiaries of Altice Europe and other related parties, including costs for customer care services.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures primarily include costs for equipment purchased and software development services provided by subsidiaries of Altice Europe.

Aggregate amounts that were due from and due to affiliates and related parties are summarized below:

Amounts due from affiliates presented in the table above represent amounts due for services provided to the respective related party. Amounts due to affiliates presented in the table above and included in other current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets relate to the purchase of equipment, customer care services, and advertising services, as well as reimbursement for payments made on our behalf.

CSC Holdings Transactions with Altice USA

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, CSC Holdings made cash equity distribution payments to its parent of $8,547 and $3,775, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, CSC Holdings received non-cash equity contributions from its parent of $5,858.

As of March 31, 2025, CSC Holdings had a demand promissory note payable to Captive in the amount of $88,500. Interest on this demand promissory note was $1,337 which was paid during the three months ended March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, CSC Holdings had a payable to Captive of $237.

NOTE 15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Matters

On December 7, 2023, Warner Records Inc., Sony Music Publishing (US) LLC and a number of other purported copyright holders (collectively, the “Warner Plaintiffs”) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (the “Warner Matter”), alleging that certain of our Internet subscribers directly infringed over 10,700 of the Warner Plaintiffs’ copyrighted works. The Warner Plaintiffs seek to hold us liable for claims of contributory infringement of copyright and vicarious copyright infringement. The Warner Plaintiffs also claim that our alleged secondary infringement was willful and seek substantial statutory damages. The parties currently are conducting expert discovery with summary judgment motions due in June 2025 and trial set for September 2025.

We intend to and are vigorously defending against the claims in the Warner Matter. In addition to contesting the claims of liability, we have an affirmative defense under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act that, if successful, would preclude or limit monetary damages against us in connection with some or all of the Warner Plaintiffs’ asserted claims. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of this litigation. We may incur significant costs in defending this action, and if we need to take measures to reduce our exposure to these risks or are required to pay damages in relation to such claims or choose to settle such claims, our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

On September 10, 2024, United States Technologies Communication Corp. d/b/a Netceed filed suit in the New York Supreme Court, New York County. Plaintiff asserts claims for declaratory judgment, breach of contract, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing for alleged violations of the parties’ services and sales agreements, and seeks compensatory damages, as set forth in the complaint. We deny the claims and intend to vigorously defend the lawsuit. On November 21, 2024, we filed a motion to dismiss in part plaintiff’s complaint. That motion remains pending. Although the outcome of this matter cannot be predicted and the impact of the final resolution on our results of operations in a subsequent reporting period is not known, management does not believe that the resolution of the matter will have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial position or our ability to meet our financial obligations as they become due.

We also receive notices from third parties, and in some cases we are named as a defendant in lawsuits, claiming infringement of various patents or copyrights relating to various aspects of our businesses. In certain of these cases other industry participants are also defendants, and in certain of these cases we expect that some or all potential liability would be the responsibility of our vendors pursuant to applicable contractual indemnification provisions. In the event that we are found to infringe on any patent or other intellectual property rights, we may be subject to substantial damages or an injunction that could require us or our vendors to modify certain products and services we offer to our subscribers, as well as enter into royalty or license agreements with respect to the patents at issue. We are also party to various other lawsuits, disputes and investigations arising in the ordinary course of our business, some of which may involve claims for substantial damages, fines or penalties. Although the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted and the impact of the final resolution of these matters on our results of operations in a particular subsequent reporting period is not known, management does not believe that the resolution of these matters, individually, will have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial position or our ability to meet our financial obligations as they become due, but they could be material to our consolidated results of operations or cash flows for any one period.

NOTE 16. SEGMENT REPORTING

We principally deliver broadband, video, telephony and mobile services to residential and business customers, as well as proprietary content and advertising services in the United States. Our connectivity services are provided through a converged fixed and mobile network and key operating activities and resource allocation decisions are managed centrally. Our chief executive officer is the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). Our CODM assesses performance and decides how to allocate resources based on our consolidated statements of operations. Our CODM manages the business on a consolidated basis such that we have a single operating segment. Our segment performance measure is consolidated net income (loss).

The following table presents significant expenses that are not separately presented on the statements of operations that are reviewed by the CODM.

(a)Other direct costs include interconnection, call completion, circuit and transport fees paid to other telecommunication companies for the transport and termination of voice and data services. These costs also include franchise fees which are payable to the state governments and local municipalities where we operate. Additionally, these costs include the cost of media for advertising spots sold, the cost of mobile devices sold to our customers and direct costs of providing mobile services.

(b)Other operating expenses include costs related to our call center operations that handle customer inquiries and billing and collection activities, costs related to our information technology systems, costs related to our news and advertising business, as well as our Lightpath business, and various other operating costs such as share-based compensation, corporate overhead and facilities.

(c)Other operating expenses for CSC Holdings for the three months ended March 31, 2025 amounted to $699,705 and include additional costs of $1,519 that were eliminated at Altice USA.

The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets.

NOTE 17. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

For financing purposes, CSC Holdings is structured as a restricted group (the "Restricted Group") and an unrestricted group, which includes certain designated subsidiaries and investments (the "Unrestricted Group"). The Restricted Group is comprised of CSC Holdings and substantially all of its wholly-owned operating subsidiaries. These Restricted Group subsidiaries are subject to the covenants and restrictions of the CSC Holdings’ credit facility and indentures governing the notes issued by CSC Holdings.

Presented below is financial information that reflects the financial condition and results of operations of CSC Holdings and its Restricted Subsidiaries separate from the financial condition and results of operations of CSC Holdings' Unrestricted Subsidiaries as of March 31, 2025, and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The financial information may not necessarily be indicative of the financial condition and results of operations had the Unrestricted Subsidiaries operated as independent entities.