ENERGY CO OF PARANA

Brazilian Economic Conditions

All of our operations are in Brazil, and we are affected by general Brazilian economic conditions. In particular, the general performance of the Brazilian economy affects demand for electricity, and inflation affects our costs and our margins. The Brazilian economic environment faced periods of instability in recent years, impacting the performance of the Brazilian GDP growth rates. In 2022, the growth rate increased by 2.9%. In 2023, the growth rate increased by 2.9%. In 2024, the growth rate increased by 3.4%.

The following table shows selected economic data for the periods indicated:

(1)The real/U.S. dollar exchange rate at December 31, 2024 was R$6,1923 per US$1.00.

(2)The real/U.S. dollar exchange rate at December 31, 2023 was R$ 4,8413 per US$1.00.

(3)The real/U.S. dollar exchange rate at December 31, 2022 was R$5,2177 per US$1.00.

(4)Calculated in accordance with Central Clearing and Custody House, or Central de Custódia e Liquidação Financeira de Títulos (“CETIP”), methodology (based on nominal rates).

(5)Sources: FGV ‒ Fundação Getúlio Vargas, the Brazilian Central Bank, the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute IBGE and CETIP.

Rates and Prices

Our operational results are significantly affected by changes in the prices at which our generation business sells energy, and by the prices at which our distribution and trading business buys and resells energy.

Our generation business sells energy at unregulated prices in the regulated market, in the Free Market and in the Spot Market. Our generation business allocates the amount of energy that it sells in each of these markets seeking to maximize returns and subject to applicable restrictions, based on factors such as: (i) the requirements of its concession contracts, many of which set a minimum percentage of energy generated in a particular concession that must be sold in the regulated market; (ii) the volume of energy that we plan to sell to Free Customers for a given year; and (iii) the outlook of the short-term, medium-term and long-term for energy prices generally. Although sales in the Free Market and the Spot Market are not directly regulated, they are influenced by energy regulatory policy. The prices at which our generation business sells energy are not regulated.

COMPANHIA PARANAENSE DE ENERGIA

COPEL and Subsidiaries

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Our distribution business purchases enough energy to meet 100% of the demand we forecast for our final customers in auctions at unregulated prices in the regulated market. Our distribution business resells that energy to final customers at regulated tariffs that take into consideration the price at which the energy was purchased. If our forecasts fall short of the actual electricity demand of our final customers, we may be required to enter into short-term agreements to purchase electricity in the Spot Market. If our forecasts exceed the actual demand of our final customers, our distribution business sells the excess energy in the Spot Market. The margins in our distribution business tend to be relatively stable due to the regulated nature of the distribution business, while the margins in our generation business are typically larger but less stable, since they are not substantially market regulated.

Sales to final customers (which include sales by our distribution business to Captive Customers, sales by our generation business and sales by our trading business to Free Customers) represented 61.3% of the volume of electricity we made available in 2024, and accounted for 66.5% of our energy sales revenues, including revenues related to “Electricity Sales to Final Customers” and “Electricity Sales to Distributors”. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—The Brazilian Electric Power Industry—Distribution Tariffs.” In general, if our costs for energy increase, the tariff process permits us to recover these costs from our customers through higher rates in future periods. However, if we do not receive tariff increases to cover our costs, if the recovery of these costs is delayed, our profits and cash flows may be adversely affected.

ANEEL modifies our Retail Tariffs annually, generally in June. Since January 2013, the adjustments have been as follows.

•In January 2013, due to the enactment of 2013 Concession Renewal Law, we were subject to an extraordinary revision approved by ANEEL. The average impact of this extraordinary review in the tariffs we charge our customers was a decrease of 19.28%.

•In June 2013, ANEEL approved the annual revision of our Retail Tariffs, increasing them by an average of 13.08%, of which 11.40% related to the tariff increase and 1.68% referred to an increase in recovery of deferred regulatory accounts (CVA). After giving effect to the recovery of Parcel A costs, the average effect of this tariff adjustment on our Captive Customers was an increase of 14.61%. However, Copel Distribuição requested a partial deferral of this adjustment, which was authorized by ANEEL and approved on July 9, 2013. The amount of R$255.9 million was therefore deferred and included as a financial component in the 2014 annual revision. This deferral reduced the average effect of the tariff adjustment to 9.55%.

•In June 2014, ANEEL approved the annual adjustment of our Retail Tariffs, increasing them by an average of 35.38%, of which 25.05% related to the tariff increase and 10.34% related to an increase in recovery of deferred regulatory accounts (CVA). After giving effect to the recovery of Parcel A costs, the average effect of this tariff adjustment on our Captive Customers was an increase of 39.71%. However, Copel Distribuição requested a partial deferral of this adjustment, which was authorized by ANEEL and approved on July 22, 2014. The amount of R$898.3 million was therefore deferred and included as a financial component in the 2015 annual adjustment. This deferral reduced the average effect of the tariff revision to 24.86%.

•In March 2015, ANEEL approved an extraordinary revision due to a series of events that significantly impacted the distribution concessionaires’ costs, which were not originally foreseen in the 2014 Retail Tariff increase, such as the increase of Itaipu tariffs (46.14%) and higher prices to purchase energy in recent energy auctions. Copel Distribuição’s Average Tariff revision approved by ANEEL was 36.79% starting from March 2, 2015. Of this total, 22.14% related to CDE charges that have been passed to customers and 14.65% relates to (i) Itaipu’s tariff increase and (ii) the higher prices paid by us to purchase energy in recent energy auctions that have been passed to customers.

•In June 2015, ANEEL authorized the annual revision of Copel Distribuição’s tariff to final customers, increasing them by an average of 15.32%, of which (i) 20.58% related to the inclusion of the financial components, which will be recovered in the 12 months subsequent to the adjustment (including the amount of R$935.3 million corresponding to the deferrals in 2013 and 2014), (ii) 0.34% related to the restatement of Portion B, (iii) (3.25)% related to the adjustment of Portion A, and (iv) (2.35)% reflected the removal of the financial components from the previous process. The adjustment was fully applied to Copel Distribuição’s tariffs as of June 24, 2015.

•In June 2016, ANEEL approved the fourth periodic review of our Retail Tariffs, decreasing them by 12.87%, of which: (1.73)% related to the inclusion of financial components; 4.48% due to the update of Portion B; (2.57)% related to the update of Portion A; and (13.05)% reflecting the removal of the financial components of the previous tariff process.

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•In March 2017, ANEEL approved an extraordinary tariff revision to correct the amount unduly included in the tariffs for captive customers in 2016. The return corresponded to the energy that was to be generated by the Angra III power plant; however, the plant was not yet in commercial operation. The refund of the amount charged the most was made in a single installment during the month of April 2017, and, as of May 2017, the tariffs were adjusted to disregard the amount that was being charged. The decision, of extraordinary character, affected 90 distributors of electric power of the country. Our retail tariff (residential B1) was reduced by an average of 11.8% during April 2017 due to the adjustment resulting from the removal of the Reserve Energy Charge (EER) tariff coverage of the Angra III plant, retroactive to the last Periodic Tariff Review, held in June/2016. As of May 2017, the tariff was reset, disregarding the effect arising from the retroactive adjustment, but maintaining the exclusion of the EER (Reserve Energy Charge) component of Angra III for the coming months, until June 2017, the month of the adjustment annual tariff.

•In June 2017, ANEEL approved the annual revision of our Retail Tariffs, increasing them by an average of 3.13%, of which 3.86% related to the tariff increase and (0.73)% related to the inclusion of financial components. After the removal of the financial components of the previous tariff process, the average effect of this tariff adjustment on our Customers was an increase of 5.85%.

•In June 2018, ANEEL approved the annual revision of our Retail Tariffs, increasing them by an average of 14.32%, of which 7.80% related to the tariff increase and 6.52% related to the inclusion of financial components. After the removal of the financial components of the previous tariff process, the average effect of this tariff adjustment on our Customers was an increase of 15.99%.

•In June 2019, ANEEL approved the annual adjustment of our Tariffs, increasing them on average by 8.57%, with -1.96% related to the variation in economic revenue and 10.54% related to the inclusion of financial components. After removing the financial components from the previous tariff process, the average effect of the tariff adjustment on our customers was an increase by 3.41%.

•In June 2020, ANEEL approved the annual adjustment of our supply tariffs, which represented a tariff repositioning index of 15.84%, comprised of a variation of 8.68% in the economic components and 7.16% in the financial components. After removing the effect of the financial variables from the previous tariff process, the average effect perceived by the customers would be 5.39%. However, in an aim to reduce the impact on electric bills due to the financial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, ANEEL created the COVID-19 Fund, a loan operation between various banks contracted by the CCEE in order to dilute tariff increases in the next five years. Thus, Copel Distribution asked that the effects the COVID-19 Fund be applied to our annual tariff adjustment in the amount of R$536.4 million, equivalent to the accumulated total of the Compensation Account for the Variation of Items of Parcel A (“CVA”), considered a negative financial component, ultimately reducing the effect on the consumer. With the removal of the previous year’s financial components, the final average effect perceived by the consumer was 0.41%.

•In June 2021, ANEEL approved the fifth periodic review of our Retail Tariffs, increasing them by 9.89% in average, of which: 1.19% related to the inclusion of financial components; 1.05% due to the update of Portion B; 8.62% related to the update of Portion A; and (0.98)% reflecting the removal of the financial components of the previous tariff process.

•In June 2022, ANEEL approved our annual tariff adjustment with an average tariff increase of 4.90%, of which: -3.04% referring to the inclusion of financial components; 3.14% due to the update of Part B; 5.04% referring to the update of Part A; and -0.24% reflecting the withdrawal of financial components from the previous tariff process.

•In June 2023, ANEEL approved our annual tariff adjustment with an average tariff increase of 10.50%, consisting of: -3.00% for the inclusion of financial components; 0.47% for the update of Part B; 9.66% for the update of Part A; and 3.37% for the withdrawal of financial components from the previous tariff process.

•In 2024, ANEEL approved our annual tariff readjustment with an average tariff readjustment of 0.00%, of which: -4.45% referring to the inclusion of financial components; 1.10% due to the update of Part B; 0.97% referring to the update of Part A; and 2.39% reflecting the withdrawal of financial components from the previous tariff process.

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Purchase and Resale of Energy

Our distribution business purchases energy from generation companies and resells this energy to final customers at regulated rates. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company— Business—Generation” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business—Purchases for the captive market.” Our major long-term contracts or purchase obligations are described as follows.

•We purchase energy from Itaipu at prices that are determined based on the Itaipu project’s costs, including servicing its U.S. dollar-denominated debt. In 2024, our electricity purchases from Itaipu amounted to R$950.4 million;

•Our distribution business is required to purchase a large portion of its energy needs from the regulated market. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—The Brazilian Electric Power—Industry—Concessions—Auctions in the Regulated Market.”

Under current legislation, the amount that our distribution business charges final customers is composed of two fees: a fee for the actual energy consumed and a fee for the use of our distribution grid. Since the regulated rates at which our distribution business sells energy to final customers are substantially the same as the rates at which it purchases energy (after accounting for deductions and the cost of energy purchased for resale), our distribution business does not generate operating profit from the sale of electricity to final customers. Rather, our distribution business generates operating profit principally by collecting tariffs for the use of our distribution grid.

Special Obligations

The contributions received from the Brazilian government and our customers exclusively for investment in our generation assets, transmission and distribution grid are named as special obligations. We record the amount of these contributions on our statement of financial position as a reduction of assets, under the caption “special obligations,” and, upon the conclusion or termination of the operating concession granted to us, the amount of these contributions is offset against the assets. The highest amount we recorded as special liabilities in service as of December 31, 2024, from the distribution segment, was R$2,909.6 million as a reduction of intangible assets and R$99.3 million as a reduction of contract assets. More information in Notes 10.1 and 16.1 to our Financial Statements.

COMPANHIA PARANAENSE DE ENERGIA

COPEL and Subsidiaries

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