NATURES SUNSHINE PRODUCTS INC
For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Mar 11, 2025.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.
FY2024 · Filed Mar 11, 2025
NATR$10.87+5.9%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-K
Period ended 2023-12-31; filed 2024-03-12.
0001628280-24-010625
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-K
Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-11.
0001628280-25-012082
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 100 previous paragraphs and 100 current paragraphs.
55 unchanged; 41 reworded; 4 added; 4 removed; 0 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 5 previous and 5 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (4)
Current report
In addition, in November 2024 we began an internal investigation regarding our past compliance with relevant U.S. trade controls and made voluntary disclosures of apparent trade controls violations to the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”). We estimate that such potential violations being investigated represented less than one percent of our net revenue in each of our last three fiscal years. An unfavorable outcome of this investigation may include fines or penalties imposed in response to our voluntary disclosures. While we believe the amount of any fines or penalties would not be material to our financial condition and results of operation, we are unable to predict the outcome or to reasonably estimate the time it may take to resolve these matters.
Current report
In our South Korea market, net sales increased approximately $1.5 million, or 3.0 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $2.2 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024. In local currency, net sales increased 7.5 percent compared to 2023. We attribute the growth in net sales primarily to improved customer acquisition that was bolstered by higher average order values.
Current report
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $3.1 million to $164.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Selling, general and administrative expenses were 36.1 percent and 37.5 percent of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The dollar decrease was primarily related to the streamlining of our global overhead expenses and reduced service fees due to China's lower net sales.
Current report
•Withholding taxes on royalties related to foreign operations increased the tax rate by 29.3 percent in 2024. These are partially offset by foreign tax credits.
Removed paragraphs (4)
Previous report
In our Japan market, net sales increased approximately $2.1 million, or 5.5 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $3.0 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023. In local currency, net sales increased 13.3 percent for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. We attribute the growth in net sales primarily to effective execution of fundamentals within our sales force with a strong focus on product resale and leadership development in our key demographic.
Previous report
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $13.9 million to $167.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Selling, general and administrative expenses were 37.5 percent and 36.3 percent of net sales for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The dollar increase was primarily related to increased service fees in China, compensation, variable costs related to sales growth, and investments to drive digital growth and strategic initiatives. Additionally, the increase for the year ended December 31, 2023 was also driven by a pre-tax charge of $5.7 million related to a criminal scheme directed at one of our wholly owned subsidiaries in February 2023 and related investigation costs. See further discussion in Note 15, “Synergy Japan Loss,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Part II of this report.
Previous report
•Adjustments related to operations in foreign countries which are treated as a branch for US tax purposes increased the effective tax rate by 13.8 percent in 2023.
Previous report
•Favorable adjustments from filing the prior year tax return decreased the rate 7.9 percent in 2023. These adjustments primarily related to a tax planning strategy implemented during the year.
Reworded paragraphs (41)
Previous wording
We are a natural health and wellness company primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of nutritional and personal care products. We are a Utah corporation with our principal place of business in Lehi, Utah, and sell our products to a sales force of independent consultants who use the products themselves or resell them to consumers.
Current wording
We are a natural health and wellness company primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of nutritional and personal care products. We are a Utah corporation with our principal place of business in Lehi, Utah, and sell our products directly to customers and to a sales force of independent consultants who resell our products to consumers.
Previous wording
Our independent consultants market and sell our products to customers and sponsor other independent consultants who also market our products to customers. Our sales are highly dependent upon the number and productivity of our independent consultants. Growth in sales volume generally requires an increase in the productivity of our independent consultants and/or growth in the total number of independent consultants. We seek to motivate and provide incentives to our independent consultants by offering high quality products and providing independent consultants with product support, training seminars, sales conventions, travel programs and financial incentives.
Current wording
Our independent consultants market and sell our products to customers and sponsor other independent consultants who also market our products to customers. Because a significant amount of revenue is generated through the sales of our independent consultants, our revenue can be impacted by the number and productivity of our independent consultants. We seek to motivate and provide incentives to our independent consultants by offering high quality products, product support, training seminars and financial incentives, among other considerations.
Previous wording
In 2023, we experienced an increase in our consolidated net sales of 5.5 percent (or 7.3 percent in local currencies) compared to 2022. Asia net sales increased approximately 8.0 percent (or 12.7 percent in local currencies) compared to 2022. Europe net sales increased approximately 2.7 percent (or 1.3 percent in local currencies) compared to 2022. North America net sales increased approximately 4.9 percent (or 5.2 percent in local currencies) compared to 2022. Latin America and Other net sales decreased approximately 1.1 percent (or 3.5 percent in local currencies) compared to 2022. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus the local currencies, primarily in our Asian markets, resulted in an approximate 1.8 percent, or $7.5 million, decrease of our net sales during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Current wording
In 2024, we experienced an increase in our consolidated net sales of 2.0 percent (or 3.8 percent in local currencies) compared to 2023. Asia net sales increased approximately 3.3 percent (or 7.5 percent in local currencies) compared to 2023. Europe net sales increased approximately 4.6 percent (or 3.3 percent in local currencies) compared to 2023. North America net sales decreased approximately 0.7 percent (or 0.6 percent in local currencies) compared to 2023. Latin America and Other net sales decreased approximately 1.2 percent (or 0.9 percent in local currencies) compared to 2023. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus the local currencies, primarily in our Asian markets, resulted in an approximate 1.8 percent, or $7.7 million, decrease of our net sales during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Previous wording
Cost of sales increased $2.0 million during 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, and as a percentage of net sales were 27.9 percent and 29.0 percent for 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in cost of sales percentage is primarily due to improvements in market mix, sales price increases, and gross margin improvement initiatives, partially offset by increases related to inflation and unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Part of the decrease also relates to prior-year inventory valuation reserves taken as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
Current wording
Cost of sales increased $5.5 million during 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, and as a percentage of net sales were 28.5 percent and 27.9 percent for 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in cost of sales percentage is primarily due to inflation and unfavorable foreign exchange which more than offset our savings initiatives.
Previous wording
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $13.9 million during 2023, and as a percentage of net sales were 37.5 percent and 36.3 percent for 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was primarily related to compensation, marketing, and variable costs as a result of sales growth.
Current wording
In absolute terms, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $3.1 million during 2024, and as a percentage of net sales were 36.1 percent and 37.5 percent for 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease was primarily related to the streamlining of our global overhead expenses and reduced service fees due to China’s lower net sales.
Previous wording
As an international business, we have significant sales and costs denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Sales in international markets denominated in foreign currencies are expected to continue to represent a substantial portion of our sales. Likewise, we expect foreign markets with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar will continue to represent a substantial portion of our overall sales and related operating expenses. Accordingly, changes in foreign currency exchange rates could materially affect sales and costs or the comparability of sales and costs from period to period as a result of translating foreign markets financial statements into our reporting currency.
Current wording
As an international business, we have significant sales and costs denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. We expect foreign markets with functional currencies other than the U.S. Dollar will continue to represent a substantial portion of our overall sales and related operating expenses. Accordingly, changes in foreign currency exchange rates could materially affect sales and costs or the comparability of sales and costs from period to period as a result of translating foreign markets' financial statements into our reporting currency.
Previous wording
On February 24, 2022, Russian forces launched significant military action against Ukraine. There continues to be sustained conflict and disruption in the region, which is expected to endure for the foreseeable future. Our consultants in our Eastern Europe market within our Europe business segment that includes Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other Common Independent States in the region, continue to operate their independent businesses, albeit at a reduced level than prior to the start of the conflict. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we have recorded pretax charges of $0 and $1.0 million, respectively, primarily related to the impairment of inventory. We expect that this will continue to impact our business for the foreseeable future. We will continue monitoring the social, political, regulatory and economic environment in Ukraine and Russia, and will consider further actions as appropriate.
Current wording
On February 24, 2022, Russian forces launched significant military action against Ukraine. There continues to be sustained conflict and disruption in the region, which is expected to endure for the foreseeable future. Our consultants in our Eastern Europe market, a market within our Europe business segment that includes Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other Common Independent States in the region, continue to operate their independent businesses, albeit at a reduced level than prior to the start of the conflict. We expect that this will continue to impact our business for the foreseeable future. We will continue monitoring the social, political, regulatory and economic environment in Ukraine and Russia and will consider further actions as appropriate.
Previous wording
Net sales related to Eastern Europe for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were $54.3 million and $53.3 million, respectively. Operating income related to Russia and Other for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were $3.1 million and $2.9 million, respectively, prior to the charges noted above. As of December 31, 2023, Russia and Other had assets of $7.4 million, net of working capital reserves related to inventories.
Current wording
Net sales related to Eastern Europe for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, were$54.8 million and $54.3 million, respectively. Operating income related to Eastern Europe for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, were $4.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, Eastern Europe had assets of $7.2 million, net of working capital reserves related to inventories.
Previous wording
More broadly, there could be additional negative impacts to our net sales, earnings and cash flows should the situation escalate beyond its current scope, including, among other potential impacts, economic recessions in certain neighboring countries or globally due to inflationary pressures and supply chain cost increases or the geographic proximity of the war relative to the rest of Europe.
Current wording
More broadly, there could be additional negative impacts to our net sales, earnings and cash flows should the situation escalate beyond its current scope, including, among other potential impacts, economic recessions in certain neighboring countries.
Previous wording
Inventories are adjusted to lower of cost and net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. The components of inventory cost include raw materials, labor and overhead. To estimate any necessary adjustments, various assumptions are made in regard to excess or slow-moving inventories, non-conforming inventories, expiration dates, current and future product demand, production planning and market conditions. If future demand and market conditions are less favorable than our assumptions, additional inventory adjustments could be required.
Current wording
Inventories are adjusted to the lower of cost and net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. The components of inventory cost include raw materials, labor and overhead. To estimate any necessary adjustments, various assumptions are made in regard to excess or slow-moving inventories, non-conforming inventories, expiration dates, current and future product demand, production planning and market conditions. If future demand and market conditions are less favorable than our assumptions, additional inventory adjustments could be required.
Previous wording
We accrue expenses associated with our direct sales program, which rewards independent consultants with paid attendance for incentive trips, including our conventions and meetings. Expenses associated with incentive trips are accrued over qualification periods as the trips are earned. We specifically analyze incentive trip accruals based on historical and current sales trends as well as contractual obligations when evaluating the adequacy of the incentive trip accrual. Actual results could generate liabilities in amounts greater or less than the amounts recorded. We had accrued incentive trip costs of approximately $4.8 million and $5.8 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Current wording
We accrue expenses associated with our direct sales program, which rewards independent consultants with paid attendance for incentive trips, including our conventions and meetings. Expenses associated with incentive trips are accrued over qualification periods as the trips are earned. We specifically analyze incentive trip accruals based on historical and current sales trends as well as contractual obligations when evaluating the adequacy of the incentive trip accrual. Actual results could generate liabilities in amounts greater or less than the amounts recorded. We had accrued incentive trip costs of approximately $5.2 million and $4.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which are included in accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Previous wording
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense. In evaluating our ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In projecting future taxable income, we develop assumptions including the amount of future state, federal and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences, and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income, and are consistent with the plans and estimates that we are using to manage the underlying businesses. Valuation allowances are recorded as reserves against net deferred tax assets when it is determined that net deferred tax assets are not likely to be realized in the foreseeable future. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had recorded valuation allowances of $18.5 million and $18.0 million, respectively, as offsets to deferred tax assets.
Current wording
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense. In evaluating our ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In projecting future taxable income, we develop assumptions including the amount of future state, federal and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates that we are using to manage the underlying businesses. Valuation allowances are recorded as reserves against net deferred tax assets when it is determined that net deferred tax assets are not likely to be realized in the foreseeable future. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had recorded valuation allowances of $18.9 million and $18.5 million, respectively, as offsets to deferred tax assets.
Previous wording
At December 31, 2023, foreign subsidiaries had unused operating loss carryovers for tax purposes of approximately $4.4 million. The net operating losses will expire at various dates from 2024 through 2034, with the exception of those in some foreign jurisdictions where there is no expiration. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $16.7 million of foreign tax and withholding credits. Of the $16.7 million credits, $16.4 million are foreign tax credits, many of which expire in 2024 and a majority of which are offset by valuation allowances.
Current wording
At December 31, 2024, foreign subsidiaries had unused operating loss carryovers for tax purposes of approximately $5.4 million. The net operating losses will expire at various dates from 2025 through 2035, with the exception of those in some foreign jurisdictions where there is no expiration. As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $12.4 million of foreign tax and withholding credits. Of the $12.4 million credits, $12.1 million are foreign tax credits, many of which we do not expect to use before expiration and are offset by a valuation allowance.
Previous wording
Consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023, were $445.3 million compared to $421.9 million in 2022, or an increase of approximately 5.5 percent. The increase was related to product sales improvements in our Asia, Europe, and North America operating segments. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 would have increased by 7.3 percent from 2022.
Current wording
Consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024, were $454.4 million compared to $445.3 million in 2023, or an increase of approximately 2.0 percent. The increase was related to product sales increases in our Asia and Europe operating segments. Excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 would have increased by 3.8 percent from 2023.
Previous wording
Net sales related to Asia for the year ended December 31, 2023, were $201.3 million compared to $186.3 million for 2022, an increase of 8.0 percent. In local currency, net sales increased by 12.7 percent compared to 2022. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had an $8.8 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Current wording
Net sales related to Asia for the year ended December 31, 2024, were $207.8 million compared to $201.3 million for 2023, an increase of 3.3 percent. In local currency, net sales increased by 7.5 percent compared to 2023. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had an $8.5 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Previous wording
In our Taiwan market, net sales increased approximately $13.2 million, or 27.3 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $2.9 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023. In local currency, net sales increased 33.3 percent for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. We attribute the growth in net sales primarily to effective execution of fundamentals within our sales force with a strong focus on leadership development and incentives intended to stimulate sales activity, as well as the opening of our new sales center in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Current wording
In our Taiwan market, net sales increased approximately $8.9 million, or 14.4 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $2.2 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024. In local currency, net sales increased 17.9 percent for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. We attribute the growth in net sales primarily to strong growth in consultant activity and total orders.
Previous wording
In our China market, net sales increased approximately $3.4 million, or 8.6 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $2.0 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023. In local currency, net sales increased 13.7 percent for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. The increase in net sales was primarily the result of our digitally-focused, livestream business model, combined with strong execution and field activation.
Current wording
In our Japan market, net sales increased approximately $2.9 million, or 7.1 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $3.5 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024. In local currency, net sales increased 15.6 percent for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. The growth in net sales was primarily the result of improved consultant activity and order growth.
Previous wording
In our South Korea market, net sales decreased approximately $5.1 million, or 9.3 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $0.7 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023. In local currency, net sales decreased 8.0 percent compared to 2022. The decrease in net sales was primarily the result of a slower than anticipated response to our field activation initiatives, combined with inflationary and other macroeconomic factors.
Current wording
In our China market, net sales decreased approximately $7.0 million, or 16.3 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $0.5 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024. In local currency, net sales decreased 15.0 percent for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. The decrease in net sales was primarily the result of challenging macroeconomic factors and lower consultant activity.
Previous wording
Net sales related to Europe were $81.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $79.0 million for 2022, an increase of 2.7 percent. The functional currency for many of these markets is the U.S. dollar which reduces the effect from foreign currency fluctuations. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $1.1 million favorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023. Net sales increased primarily as a result of customers' relative acclimation to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as well as strong field activation, especially in Central Europe.
Current wording
Net sales related to Europe were $84.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $81.1 million for 2023, an increase of 4.6 percent. The functional currency for many of these markets is the U.S. dollar which reduces the effect from foreign currency fluctuations. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $1.1 million favorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024. We attribute the increase in net sales in local currency primarily due to the increased focus on our field activation initiatives.
Previous wording
Net sales related to North America for the year ended December 31, 2023, were $139.8 million, compared to $133.2 million for 2022, an increase of 4.9 percent. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $0.4 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023. Excluding the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, local currency net sales in North America increased by 5.2 percent from 2022.
Current wording
Net sales related to North America for the year ended December 31, 2024, were $138.8 million, compared to $139.8 million for 2023, a decrease of 0.7 percent. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $0.2 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024. Excluding the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, local currency net sales in North America decreased by 0.6 percent from 2023.
Previous wording
In the United States, net sales increased $6.4 million, or 5.2 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022. The increase was primarily due to growth in our digital channel, along with an increase in new customers.
Current wording
In the United States, net sales decreased $2.0 million, or 1.6 percent, for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower activity rates.
Previous wording
Net sales related to Latin America and Other markets for the year ended December 31, 2023, were $23.2 million, compared to $23.4 million for 2022, a decrease of 1.1 percent. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $0.6 million favorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023. Excluding the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, local currency net sales in Latin America and Other decreased by 3.5 percent from 2022.
Current wording
Net sales related to Latin America and Other markets for the year ended December 31, 2024, were $22.9 million, compared to $23.2 million for 2023, a decrease of 1.2 percent. Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a $0.1 million unfavorable impact on net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024. Excluding the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, local currency net sales in Latin America and Other decreased by 0.9 percent from 2023.
Previous wording
Further information related to our Asia, Europe, North America, and Latin America and Other business segments is set forth in Note 12, “Operating Business Segment and International Operation Information,” to our Consolidated Financial Statements, in Item 8, Part 2 of this report.
Current wording
Further information related to our Asia, Europe, North America and Latin America and Other business segments is set forth in Note 12, “Business Segment and International Operation Information,” to our Consolidated Financial Statements, in Item 8, Part 2 of this report.
Previous wording
Cost of sales as a percent of net sales decreased to 27.9 percent in 2023, compared to 29.0 percent in 2022. The decrease in cost of sales percentage is primarily due to improvements in market mix, sales price increases, and gross margin improvement initiatives, partially offset by increases related to inflation and unfavorable foreign currency exchange. Part of the decrease also relates to prior-year inventory valuation reserves taken as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
Current wording
Cost of sales as a percent of net sales increased to 28.5 percent in 2024, compared to 27.9 percent in 2023. The increase in cost of sales percentage is primarily due to inflation and unfavorable foreign exchange which more than offset our savings initiatives.
Previous wording
Volume incentives as a percent of net sales decreased to 30.4 percent in 2023, compared to 30.9 percent in 2022. These payments are designed to provide incentives for reaching higher sales levels. Volume incentives vary slightly, on a percentage basis, by product due to pricing policies and commission plans in place in the various operations. We do not pay volume incentives in China, instead we pay independent service fees, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Volume incentives as a percentage of net sales can fluctuate based on promotional activity and mix of sales by market. The decrease in volume incentives as a percent of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily due to growth in our digital channel and changes in market mix, reflecting growth in channels and markets where volume incentives as a percentage of net sales are lower than the consolidated average.
Current wording
Volume incentives as a percent of net sales increased to 30.9 percent in 2024, compared to 30.4 percent in 2023. The increase was primarily due to changes in market mix and the timing of promotional incentives. These payments are designed to provide incentives for reaching certain sales levels. Volume incentives vary slightly, on a percentage basis, by product due to pricing policies and commission plans in place in our various geographies. We do not pay volume incentives in China, instead we pay independent service fees which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
Previous wording
Other income (loss), net, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was gains of $1.5 million and losses of $1.0 million, respectively. Other income (loss), for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily consisted of foreign exchange gains and losses as a result of net changes in foreign currencies primarily in Asia.
Current wording
Other income (loss), net, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, was losses of $1.7 million and gains of $1.5 million, respectively. Other income (loss), for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily consisted of foreign exchange losses in Latin America and Europe, partially offset by foreign exchange gains in Asia, that resulted from net changes in foreign currencies.
Previous wording
Our effective tax rate was 18.7 percent for 2023 compared to 96.4 percent for 2022. The decrease in the effective rate from 2022 to 2023 is primarily attributable to a valuation allowance recorded in the prior period against deferred tax assets for which we did not expect to receive a benefit. The effective rate for 2023 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21.0 percent primarily due to the following:
Current wording
Our effective tax rate was 57.2 percent for 2024 compared to 18.7 percent for 2023. The increase in the effective rate from 2023 to 2024 was primarily attributable to taxes paid in foreign jurisdictions. We expect to be limited in our ability to offset these foreign taxes with U.S. foreign tax credits. The effective rate for 2024 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21.0 percent primarily due to the following:
Previous wording
•Adjustments to valuation allowances increased the effective rate by 5.4 percent in 2023. Included was the effect of recording a valuation allowance on foreign tax credits which are not expected to be utilized before expiration along with the impact of current year foreign losses in foreign affiliates that currently do not provide tax benefit.
Current wording
•Adjustments to valuation allowances increased the effective rate by 6.0 percent in 2024. Included is the effect of recording a valuation allowance on foreign tax credits which are not expected to be utilized before expiration along with the impact of current year foreign losses of foreign affiliates that currently do not provide tax benefit. These impacts are partially offset by a release of valuation allowance on foreign tax credits which expired at the end of the year.
Previous wording
•Cumulative unfavorable adjustments related to foreign operations increased the tax rate by 4.8 percent in 2023. These adjustments relate to foreign items that are treated differently for tax purposes than they are for financial reporting purposes.
Current wording
•Cumulative unfavorable adjustments related to foreign operations increased the tax rate by 5.2 percent in 2024. These adjustments relate to foreign items that are treated differently for tax purposes than they are for financial reporting purposes.
Previous wording
•Adjustments relating to the U.S. tax impact of foreign operations decreased the effective tax rate by 25.3 percentage points in 2023. The components of this calculation were:
Current wording
•Adjustments relating to the U.S. tax impact of foreign operations decreased the effective tax rate by 9.2 percentage points in 2024. Included in this amount is the impact of foreign tax credits which expired at the end of the year. The components of this calculation were:
Previous wording
Our principal use of cash is to pay for operating expenses and costs, including volume incentives, inventory and raw material purchases, capital assets and funding of international expansion. As of December 31, 2023, working capital was $89.1 million, compared to $83.9 million as of December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, we had $82.4 million in cash and cash equivalents, of which $67.0 million was held in our foreign markets and may be subject to various withholding taxes and other restrictions related to repatriation before becoming available to be used along with the normal cash flows from operations to fund any unanticipated shortfalls in future cash flows.
Current wording
Our principal use of cash is to pay for operating expenses and costs, including volume incentives, inventory and raw material purchases, capital assets and funding of international expansion. As of December 31, 2024, working capital was $94.9 million, compared to $89.1 million as of December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, we had $84.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, of which $71.5 million was held in our foreign markets and may be subject to various withholding taxes and other restrictions related to repatriation before becoming available to be used along with the normal cash flows from operations to fund any unanticipated shortfalls in future cash flows.
Previous wording
For the year ended December 31, 2023, operating activities provided cash in the amount of $41.2 million compared to $0.7 million in 2022. Operating cash flows increased primarily due to improved net income, the timing of payments for accrued liabilities, accounts payable, reduced inventory purchases, and timing of receipts of accounts receivable.
Current wording
For the year ended December 31, 2024, operating activities provided cash in the amount of $25.3 million compared to $41.2 million in 2023. Operating cash flows decreased primarily due to the timing of payments for accrued liabilities, income taxes payable, accrued volume incentives and service fees, lease liabilities and timing of receipts of accounts receivable, partially offset by a reduction in inventories.
Previous wording
Cash used in investing activities includes cash paid for capital expenditures related to the purchase of equipment, computer systems and software. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, these amounts were $10.5 million and $7.6 million, respectively.
Current wording
Cash used in investing activities includes cash paid for capital expenditures related to the purchase of equipment, computer systems and software. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, these amounts were $11.0 million and $10.5 million, respectively.
Previous wording
For the year ended December 31, 2023, financing activities used $8.0 million in cash, compared to $16.2 million in cash used for the same period in 2022.
Current wording
For the year ended December 31, 2024, financing activities used $9.9 million in cash, compared to $8.0 million in cash used for the same period in 2023.
Previous wording
For the year ended December 31, 2023, we used cash to repurchase 424,000 shares of our common stock under the share repurchase program for $6.4 million. At December 31, 2023, the remaining balance available for repurchases under the program was $17.6 million.
Current wording
For the year ended December 31, 2024, we used cash to repurchase 540,000 shares of our common stock under the share repurchase program for $8.9 million. At December 31, 2024, the remaining balance available for repurchases under the program was $8.8 million.
Previous wording
We maintain a revolving credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A (the “Credit Agreement”), as well as a credit agreement with Banc of America Leasing and Capital, LLC (the "Capital Credit Agreement"). At December 31, 2023, there was no outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we made monthly payments of $0.1 million pursuant to the Capital Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, there was no outstanding balance under the Capital Credit Agreement. Our debt obligations are discussed in greater detail in Note 7, “Revolving Credit Facility and Other Obligations,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Current wording
We maintain a revolving credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A (the “Credit Agreement”), as well as a credit agreement with Banc of America Leasing and Capital, LLC (the "Capital Credit Agreement"). At December 31, 2024, there were no outstanding balances under the Credit Agreement or the Capital Credit Agreement. Our debt obligations are discussed in greater detail in Note 7, “Revolving Credit Facility and Other Obligations,” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Previous wording
(1) At December 31, 2023, there were $0.8 million of liabilities. We retain a significant portion of the risks associated with certain employee medical benefits and product liability insurance. Recorded liabilities for self-insured risks are calculated using actuarial methods and are not discounted. Amounts for self-insurance obligations are included in accrued liabilities and long-term other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
Current wording
(1) At December 31, 2024, there were $1.2 million of liabilities. We retain a significant portion of the risks associated with certain employee medical benefits and product liability insurance. Recorded liabilities for self-insured risks are calculated using actuarial methods and are not discounted. Amounts for self-insurance obligations are included in accrued liabilities and long-term other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
Previous wording
(2) At December 31, 2023, there were $0.7 million of liabilities. We provide a nonqualified deferred compensation plan for our officers and certain key employees. Under this plan, participants may defer up to 100 percent of their annual salary and bonus (less the participant’s share of employment taxes). The deferrals become an obligation owed to the participant by us under the plan. Upon separation of the participant from the service with us, the obligation owed to the participant under the plan will be paid as a lump sum or over a period of either three or five years. As we cannot easily determine when our officers and key employees will separate from us, we are unable to estimate the years in which cash settlement may occur.
Current wording
(2) At December 31, 2024, there were $0.9 million of liabilities. We provide a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for our officers and certain key employees. Under this plan, participants may defer up to 100 percent of their annual salary and bonus (less the participant’s share of employment taxes). The deferrals become an obligation owed to the participant by us under the plan. Upon separation of the participant from the service with us, the obligation owed to the participant under the plan will be paid as a lump sum or over a period of either three or five years. As we cannot easily determine when our officers and key employees will separate from us, we are unable to estimate the years in which cash settlement may occur.
Previous wording
(3) At December 31, 2023, there were $0.3 million of liabilities. Because of the high degree of uncertainty regarding the timing of future cash outflows associated with these liabilities, if any, we are unable to estimate the years in which cash settlement may occur with the respective tax authorities.
Current wording
(3) At December 31, 2024, there were $0.6 million of liabilities. Because of the high degree of uncertainty regarding the timing of future cash outflows associated with these liabilities, if any, we are unable to estimate the years in which cash settlement may occur with the respective tax authorities.
Previous wording
(4) We entered into the revolving Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A., that permits us to borrow up to $25.0 million through July 1, 2027, bearing interest at the greater of BSBY Daily Floating Rate or the Index Floor, plus 1.50 percent. We must pay an annual commitment fee of 0.25 percent on the unused portion of the commitment. At December 31, 2023, we had $25.0 million available under this facility. At December 31, 2023, there was no outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement.
Current wording
(4) We entered into the revolving Credit Agreement with Bank of America, N.A., that permits us to borrow up to $25.0 million through July 1, 2027, bearing interest at the greater of SOFR Daily Floating Rate or the Index Floor, plus 1.50 percent. We must pay an annual commitment fee of 0.25 percent on the unused portion of the commitment. At December 31, 2024, we had $25.0 million available under this facility. At December 31, 2024, there was no outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement.
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