Merck & Co. Inc.
For the period ended Jun 30, 2024. Filed Aug 5, 2024.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Jun 30, 2024 · Filed Aug 5, 2024
MRK$146.73-0.1%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-Q
Period ended 2024-03-31; filed 2024-05-03.
0001628280-24-020283
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-Q
Period ended 2024-06-30; filed 2024-08-05.
0001628280-24-034715
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 122 previous paragraphs and 129 current paragraphs.
49 unchanged; 64 reworded; 13 added; 5 removed; 4 previous and 3 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 16 previous and 16 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (13)
Current report
Also in July 2024, Merck acquired Eyebiotech Limited (EyeBio), a privately held ophthalmology-focused biotechnology company for an upfront payment of $1.3 billion. The acquisition agreement also provides for a further $1.7 billion in potential developmental, regulatory and sales-based milestone payments. EyeBio’s development work focused on candidates for the prevention and treatment of vision loss associated with retinal vascular leakage, a known risk factor for retinal diseases. EyeBio’s lead candidate, Restoret/MK-3000 (formerly EYE103), is an investigational, potentially first-in-class tetravalent, tri-specific antibody that acts as an agonist of the Wingless-related integration site signaling pathway, which is in clinical development for the treatment of diabetic macular edema and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The transaction will be accounted for as an asset acquisition. Merck will record a charge of approximately $1.3 billion to Research and development expenses, or approximately $0.51 per share, in the third quarter of 2024.
Current report
Additionally in July 2024, Merck and Orion Corporation (Orion) announced the mutual exercise of an option to convert the companies’ ongoing co-development and co-commercialization agreement for opevesostat (MK-5684/ODM-208), an investigational cytochrome P450 11A1 (CYP11A1) inhibitor, and other candidates targeting CYP11A1, into an exclusive global license for Merck. With the exercise of the option, Merck will assume full responsibility for all past and future development and commercialization expenses associated with the candidates covered by the original agreement. In addition, Orion will become eligible to receive developmental, regulatory and sales-based milestone payments, as well as annually tiered royalty payments ranging from a low double-digit rate up to a rate in the low twenties on net sales for any commercialized licensed product. Orion will retain responsibility for the manufacture of clinical and commercial supply for Merck. No payment was associated with the exercise of the option. The exclusive global license is expected to become effective in the third quarter of 2024, but is subject to certain conditions, including approval under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, and other customary conditions.
Current report
U.S. plus international may not equal total due to rounding.
Current report
In June 2024, the FDA approved Capvaxive (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia in individuals 18 years of age and older. The approval was supported by results from multiple Phase 3 clinical studies evaluating Capvaxive in both vaccine-naïve and vaccine-experienced adult patient populations, including STRIDE-3, STRIDE-4, STRIDE-5 and STRIDE-6. In June 2024, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices unanimously voted to recommend Capvaxive as an option for certain adults for pneumococcal vaccination. These provisional recommendations were adopted by the CDC director and are now official. Merck is a party to certain third-party license agreements pursuant to which the Company will pay royalties on sales of Capvaxive. Under the more significant of these agreements, Merck will pay a royalty of 7.25% on net sales of Capvaxive through 2026; this royalty will decline to 2.5% on net sales from 2027 through 2035.
Current report
Animal Health sales grew 2% in the second quarter of 2024, or 6% excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange, and increased 2% in the first six months of 2024, or 5% excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Approximately 3 percentage points of the negative impact of foreign exchange in both periods was due to the devaluation of the Argentine peso, which was largely offset by inflation-related price increases consistent with practice in that market.
Current report
The income tax provision of $637 million and $1.5 billion for the second quarter and first six months of 2023, respectively, on pretax losses of $5.3 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively, resulted in effective income tax rates of (11.9)% and (86.8)%, respectively. The second quarter 2023 effective income tax rate includes the impact of a charge for the acquisition of Prometheus for which no tax benefit was recognized, which unfavorably affected the tax rate by 25.1 percentage points, as well as the favorable impact of net unrealized losses from investments in equity securities, which were taxed at the U.S. tax rate. The effective income tax rate for the first six months of 2023 includes a 101.9 percentage point combined unfavorable impact of charges for the acquisitions of Prometheus and Imago for which no tax benefits were recognized, as well as higher foreign taxes, the impact of the R&D capitalization provision of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) on the Company’s U.S. global intangible low-taxed income inclusion, and net unrealized gains from investments in equity securities, which were taxed at the U.S. tax rate, partially offset by higher foreign tax credits.
Current report
(2)The Company recorded a net loss on both a GAAP and non-GAAP basis for the second quarter and first six months of 2023; therefore, no potential dilutive common shares were used in the computations of loss per common share assuming dilution because the effects would have been antidilutive.
Current report
Keytruda is under priority review by the FDA in combination with chemotherapy, for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma, based on the Phase 2/3 IND.227/KEYNOTE-483 trial. The FDA set a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date of September 25, 2024 for the supplemental BLA. KEYNOTE-483 is also under review in the EU and Japan.
Current report
In May 2024, the Company announced that the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-B21 trial evaluating Keytruda in combination with chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment, with or without radiotherapy, did not meet its primary endpoint of disease-free survival for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk endometrial cancer after surgery with curative intent. At a pre-specified interim analysis conducted by an independent Data Monitoring Committee (DMC), adjuvant treatment with Keytruda plus
Current report
41 - chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, did not meet the study’s pre-specified statistical criteria for disease-free survival compared to placebo plus adjuvant chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy. The study’s other primary endpoint of overall survival was not formally tested since superiority was not reached for disease-free survival. A full evaluation of the data from this study is ongoing. The Company will work with investigators to share the results with the scientific community.
Current report
Also In May 2024, the Company announced the discontinuation of the vibostolimab and pembrolizumab coformulation arm of the Phase 3 KeyVibe-010 trial that is evaluating the regimen as adjuvant treatment for patients with resected high-risk melanoma (Stage IIB-IV). At a pre-planned analysis, data showed that the primary endpoint of recurrence-free survival met the pre-specified futility criteria. A higher rate of discontinuation of all adjuvant therapy by patients in the coformulation arm versus the Keytruda-only arm, primarily due to immune-mediated adverse experiences, rendered it highly unlikely that the trial could achieve a statistically significant improvement in recurrence-free survival. Based on the recommendation of an independent DMC, the Company is unblinding the study and recommends that patients receiving the vibostolimab and pembrolizumab coformulation be offered the option to be treated with Keytruda monotherapy. Data analysis from this study is ongoing. Results will be shared with the scientific community and communicated to regulatory agencies.
Current report
43 - issuance of debt, no proceeds from short-term borrowings and higher dividends paid to shareholders, partially offset by lower payments on long-term debt, lower purchases of treasury stock and higher proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
Current report
In May 2024, MSD Netherlands Capital B.V., a wholly-owned finance subsidiary of Merck, completed a registered public offering of €3.4 billion in aggregate principal amount of euro-dominated senior notes comprised of €850 million of 3.25% senior notes due 2032, €850 million of 3.50% senior notes due 2037, €850 million of 3.70% senior notes due 2044 and €850 million of 3.75% senior notes due 2054. The net cash proceeds from the offering were used for general corporate purposes.
Removed paragraphs (5)
Previous report
Worldwide sales were $15.8 billion in the first quarter of 2024, an increase of 9% compared with the first quarter of 2023, or 12% excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Approximately 2 percentage points of the negative impact of foreign exchange was due to the devaluation of the Argentine peso, which was largely offset by inflation-related price increases consistent with practice in that market. Global sales growth in the first quarter of 2024 was primarily due to higher sales in the
Previous report
Additionally, Keytruda is under review in Japan in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, based on the KEYNOTE-859 trial.
Previous report
Keytruda is also under review in Japan in combination with standard of care chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer, based on the KEYNOTE-966 trial.
Previous report
In March 2024, Merck announced that in the Phase 3 KEYLYNK-006 trial, Keytruda in combination with chemotherapy followed by Keytruda plus maintenance Lynparza did not meet the study’s pre-specified statistical criteria for overall survival or progression-free survival compared to Keytruda in combination with chemotherapy (pemetrexed plus carboplatin or cisplatin) followed by Keytruda plus maintenance chemotherapy (pemetrexed). A full evaluation of the data from this study is ongoing. Merck will work with investigators to share the results with the scientific community.
Previous report
Also, the Company has discontinued development of MK-5475 in PAH but continues to study MK-5475 in PH associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Reworded paragraphs (64)
Previous wording
In February 2024, Merck entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the aqua business of Elanco Animal Health Incorporated (Elanco) for $1.3 billion in cash. The Elanco aqua business to be acquired consists of an innovative portfolio of medicines and vaccines, nutritionals and supplements for aquatic species; two related aqua manufacturing facilities in Canada and Vietnam; as well as a research facility in Chile. Upon closing, the acquisition will broaden Animal Health’s aqua portfolio with products, such as Clynav, a new generation DNA-based vaccine that protects Atlantic salmon against pancreas disease, and Imvixa, an anti-parasitic sea lice treatment. This acquisition also brings a portfolio of water treatment products for warm water production, complementing Animal Health’s warm water vaccine portfolio. In addition to these products, the DNA-based vaccine technology that is a part of the business has the potential to accelerate the development of novel vaccines to address the unmet needs of the aqua industry. The acquisition is expected to be completed by mid-2024, subject to approvals from regulatory authorities and other customary closing conditions. The transaction will be accounted for as a business combination.
Current wording
In July 2024, Merck acquired the aqua business of Elanco Animal Health Incorporated (Elanco) for approximately $1.3 billion. The Elanco aqua business consists of an innovative portfolio of medicines and vaccines, nutritionals and supplements for aquatic species; two related aqua manufacturing facilities in Canada and Vietnam; as well as a research facility in Chile. The acquisition broadens Animal Health’s aqua portfolio with products such as Clynav, a new generation DNA-based vaccine that protects Atlantic salmon against pancreas disease, and Imvixa, an anti-parasitic sea lice treatment. This acquisition also brings a portfolio of water treatment products for warm water production, complementing Animal Health’s warm water vaccine portfolio. In addition to these products, the DNA-based vaccine technology that is a part of the business has the potential to accelerate the development of novel vaccines to address the unmet needs of the aqua industry. The Company is in the process of determining the preliminary fair value of assets acquired, liabilities assumed and total consideration transferred in this transaction, which will be accounted for as a business combination.
Previous wording
In March 2024, Merck acquired Harpoon Therapeutics, Inc. (Harpoon), a clinical-stage immunotherapy company developing a novel class of T-cell engagers designed to harness the power of the body’s immune system to treat patients suffering from cancer and other diseases, for $765 million and also incurred $56 million of transaction costs. Harpoon’s lead candidate, MK-6070 (formerly HPN328), is a T-cell engager targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), an inhibitory canonical Notch ligand that is expressed at high levels in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroendocrine tumors. MK-6070 is currently being evaluated as monotherapy in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in certain patients with advanced cancers associated with expression of DLL3. The study is also evaluating MK-6070 in combination with atezolizumab in certain patients with SCLC. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition. Merck recorded net assets of $165 million, as well as a charge of $656 million, or $0.26 per share, to Research and development expenses in the first quarter of 2024 related to the transaction. There are no future contingent payments associated with the acquisition.
Current wording
In March 2024, Merck acquired Harpoon Therapeutics, Inc. (Harpoon), a clinical-stage immunotherapy company developing a novel class of T-cell engagers designed to harness the power of the body’s immune system to treat patients suffering from cancer and other diseases, for $765 million and also incurred $56 million of transaction costs. Harpoon’s lead candidate, MK-6070 (formerly HPN328), is a T-cell engager targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), an inhibitory canonical Notch ligand that is expressed at high levels in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroendocrine tumors. MK-6070 is currently being evaluated as monotherapy in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in certain patients with advanced cancers associated with expression of DLL3. The study is also evaluating MK-6070 in combination with atezolizumab in certain patients with SCLC. The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition. Merck recorded net assets of $165 million, as well as a charge of $656 million, or $0.26 per share, to Research and development expenses in the first six months of 2024 related to the transaction. There are no future contingent payments associated with the acquisition.
Previous wording
Global efforts toward health care cost containment continue to exert pressure on product pricing and market access worldwide. Changes to the U.S. health care system enacted in prior years as part of health care reform, as well as increased purchasing power of entities that negotiate on behalf of Medicare, Medicaid, and private sector beneficiaries, have contributed to pricing pressure. In 2021, the U.S. Congress passed the American Rescue Plan Act, which included a provision that eliminates the statutory cap on rebates drug manufacturers pay to Medicaid beginning in January 2024. Accordingly, manufacturers may have to pay state Medicaid programs more in rebates than they receive on sales of particular products. As a result of this provision, the Company has recognized increased discounts for Januvia(sitagliptin) and Janumet (sitagliptin and metformin HCl)in the first three months of 2024. In 2022, the U.S. Congress passed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which makes significant changes to how drugs are covered and paid for under the Medicare program, including the creation of financial penalties for drugs whose prices rise faster than the rate of inflation, redesign of the Medicare Part D program to require manufacturers to bear more of the liability for certain drug benefits, and government price-setting for certain Medicare Part D drugs (starting in 2026) and Medicare Part B drugs (starting in 2028). In August 2023, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), announced that Januvia would be included in the first year of the IRA’s “Drug Price Negotiation Program” (Program). Pursuant to the IRA’s Program, discussions with the government occurred in 2023 and will continue in 2024, with government price-setting becoming effective on January 1, 2026. The Company has sued the U.S. government regarding the IRA’s Program. Furthermore, the Biden Administration and Congress continue to discuss legislation designed to control health care costs, including the cost of drugs. In several international markets, government-mandated pricing actions have reduced prices of generic and patented drugs. In addition, the Company’s sales performance in the first three months of 2024 was negatively affected by other cost-reduction measures taken by governments and other third parties to lower health care costs. The Company anticipates all of these actions and additional actions in the future will negatively affect sales and profits.
Current wording
Global efforts toward health care cost containment continue to exert pressure on product pricing and market access worldwide. Changes to the U.S. health care system enacted in prior years as part of health care reform, as well as increased purchasing power of entities that negotiate on behalf of Medicare, Medicaid, and private sector beneficiaries, have contributed to pricing pressure. In 2021, the U.S. Congress passed the American Rescue Plan Act, which included a provision that eliminates the statutory cap on rebates drug manufacturers pay to Medicaid beginning in January 2024. Accordingly, manufacturers may have to pay state Medicaid programs more in rebates than they receive on sales of particular products. As a result of this provision, the Company has recognized increased discounts for Januvia(sitagliptin) and Janumet (sitagliptin and metformin HCl)in the firstsix months of 2024. In 2022, the U.S. Congress passed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which makes significant changes to how drugs are covered and paid for under the Medicare program, including the creation of financial penalties for drugs whose prices rise faster than the rate of inflation, redesign of the Medicare Part D program to require manufacturers to bear more of the liability for certain drug benefits, and government price-setting for certain Medicare Part D drugs (starting in 2026) and Medicare Part B drugs (starting in 2028). In August 2023, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), announced that Januvia would be included in the first year of the IRA’s “Drug Price Negotiation Program” (Program). Pursuant to the IRA’s Program, discussions with the government have now concluded, with government price-setting becoming effective on January 1, 2026. The Company has sued the U.S. government regarding the IRA’s Program. Furthermore, the Biden Administration and Congress continue to discuss legislation designed to control health care costs, including the cost of drugs. In several international markets, government-mandated pricing actions have reduced prices of generic and patented drugs. In addition, the Company’s sales performance in the first six months of 2024
Previous wording
27 - oncology franchise, largely due to strong growth of Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Welireg (belzutifan). Higher sales in the vaccines franchise also contributed to revenue growth in the first quarter, primarily attributable to increased combined sales of Gardasil(Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent [Types 6, 11, 16 and 18] Vaccine, Recombinant)/Gardasil 9 (Human Papillomavirus 9-valent Vaccine, Recombinant) and the ongoing launch of Vaxneuvance (Pneumococcal 15-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for pediatric use, partially offset by lower sales of RotaTeq (Rotavirus Vaccine, Live Oral, Pentavalent) and Pneumovax 23 (pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent). Revenue growth in the first quarter of 2024 was partially offset by lower sales in the diabetes franchise attributable to Januvia and Janumet.
Current wording
Worldwide sales were $16.1 billion in the second quarter of 2024, representing growth of 7% compared with the second quarter of 2023, or 11% excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Global sales were $31.9 billion in the first six months of 2024, an increase of 8% compared with the same period of 2023, or 11% excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Approximately 2 percentage points of the negative impact of foreign exchange in both periods was due to the devaluation of the Argentine peso, which was largely offset by inflation-related price increases consistent with practice in that market. Global sales growth in both periods was primarily due to higher sales in the oncology franchise, largely due to strong growth of Keytruda (pembrolizumab) and Welireg (belzutifan). Higher sales in the vaccines franchise also contributed to revenue growth in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, reflecting increased combined sales of Gardasil(Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent [Types 6, 11, 16 and 18] Vaccine, Recombinant)/Gardasil 9 (Human Papillomavirus 9-valent Vaccine, Recombinant) and continued uptake of Vaxneuvance (Pneumococcal 15-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for pediatric use. Revenue growth in the second quarter and first six months of 2024 also benefited from higher sales in the cardiovascular franchise largely attributable to the launch of Winrevair (sotatercept-csrk). Revenue growth in the second quarter and first six months of 2024 was partially offset by lower sales in the diabetes franchise attributable to Januvia and Janumet, as well as lower sales in the virology franchise largely due to Lagevrio(molnupiravir).
Previous wording
Keytruda is an anti-PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1) therapy that has been approved in over 35 indications in the U.S., including 17 tumor types and 2 tumor-agnostic indications, and has similarly been approved in markets worldwide for many of these indications. The Keytruda clinical development program includes studies across a broad range of cancer types. See “Research and Development Update” below.
Current wording
Keytruda is an anti-PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1) therapy that has been approved in 40 indications in the U.S., including 17 tumor types and 2 tumor-agnostic indications, and has similarly been approved in markets worldwide for many of these indications. The Keytruda clinical development program includes studies across a broad range of cancer types. See “Research and Development Update” below.
Previous wording
Global sales of Keytruda grew 20% in the first quarter of 2024, or 24% excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Substantially all of the 4% negative impact of foreign exchange was due to the devaluation of the Argentine peso, which was largely offset by inflation-related price increases consistent with practice in that market. Keytruda sales growth in the first quarter 2024 was primarily driven by higher demand reflecting the launch of multiple new indications globally coupled with continued uptake in existing indications. Sales growth in the U.S. reflects increased uptake across earlier-stage indications including in certain types of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as well as certain types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and higher demand across the multiple approved metastatic indications, in particular for the treatment of certain types of urothelial, endometrial, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and renal cell cancers, as well as higher pricing. Keytruda sales growth in international markets reflects higher demand predominately for the TNBC and RCC earlier-stage indications, as well as uptake in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and RCC metastatic indications, particularly in Europe and Latin America.
Current wording
Global sales of Keytruda grew 16% in the second quarter of 2024 and rose 18% in the first six months of 2024, or 21% and 22%, respectively, excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Approximately 4 percentage points of the negative impact of foreign exchange in both periods was due to the devaluation of the Argentine peso, which was largely offset by inflation-related price increases consistent with practice in that market. Keytruda sales growth in the U.S. reflects increased uptake across earlier-stage indications, including in certain types of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and certain types of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as well as higher demand across the multiple approved metastatic indications, in particular for the treatment of certain types of urothelial, endometrial, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and renal cell cancers, as well as higher pricing. Keytruda sales growth in international markets reflects higher demand predominately for the TNBC, melanoma and RCC earlier-stage indications, as well as uptake in cervical, renal and gastric cancer metastatic indications, particularly in Europe and Latin America.
Previous wording
Keytruda received the following regulatory approvals thus far in 2024.
Current wording
Keytruda has received the following regulatory approvals thus far in 2024.
Previous wording
The Company is a party to certain third-party license agreements pursuant to which the Company pays royalties on sales of Keytruda. Under the terms of the more significant of these agreements, Merck paid a royalty of 6.5% on worldwide sales of Keytruda through December 2023 to one third party; this royalty declined to 2.5% in 2024 and will continue through 2026, terminating thereafter. The Company pays an additional 2% royalty on worldwide sales of Keytruda to another third party, the
Current wording
The Company is a party to certain third-party license agreements pursuant to which the Company pays royalties on sales of Keytruda. Under the terms of the more significant of these agreements, Merck paid a royalty of 6.5% on worldwide sales of Keytruda through December 2023 to one third party; this royalty declined to 2.5% in 2024 and will continue through 2026, terminating thereafter. The Company pays an additional 2% royalty on worldwide sales of Keytruda to another third party, the termination date of which varies by country; this royalty will expire in the U.S. in September 2024 and on varying dates in major European markets in the second half of 2025. The royalty expenses are included in Cost of sales.
Previous wording
Lynparza (olaparib) is an oral poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor being developed as part of a collaboration with AstraZeneca PLC (AstraZeneca) (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Lynparza is approved for the treatment of certain types of advanced or recurrent ovarian, early or metastatic breast, metastatic pancreatic and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers. Alliance revenue related to Lynparza increased 6% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily driven by higher demand in certain international markets, particularly in Latin America.
Current wording
Lynparza (olaparib) is an oral poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor being developed as part of a collaboration with AstraZeneca PLC (AstraZeneca) (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Lynparza is approved for the treatment of certain types of advanced or recurrent ovarian, early or metastatic breast, metastatic pancreatic and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers. Alliance revenue related to Lynparza increased 2% in the second quarter of 2024 primarily driven by higher demand in the U.S. and certain international markets, particularly in China and Europe. Alliance revenue related to Lynparza grew 4% in the first six months of 2024 primarily due to higher demand in certain international markets, particularly in Latin America, China and Europe.
Previous wording
Lenvima (lenvatinib) is an oral receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor being developed as part of a collaboration with Eisai Co., Ltd. (Eisai) (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Lenvima is approved for the treatment of certain types of thyroid cancer, RCC, HCC, in combination with everolimus for certain patients with advanced RCC, and in combination with Keytruda for certain patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma or advanced RCC. Alliance revenue related to Lenvima grew 10% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily reflecting higher demand in the U.S.
Current wording
Lenvima (lenvatinib) is an oral receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor being developed as part of a collaboration with Eisai Co., Ltd. (Eisai) (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Lenvima is approved for the treatment of certain types of thyroid cancer, RCC, HCC, in combination with everolimus for certain patients with advanced RCC, and in combination with Keytruda for certain patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma or advanced RCC. Alliance revenue related to Lenvima grew 3% and 6% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily reflecting higher demand in the U.S.
Previous wording
Sales of Welireg, for the treatment of adult patients with certain von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease-associated tumors and certain adult patients with previously treated advanced RCC, more than doubled in the first quarter of 2024 due to higher demand in the U.S. for the treatment of VHL disease-associated tumors and uptake in a supplemental indication approved by the FDA in December 2023 for previously treated advanced RCC. Welireg is under review in the European Union (EU) for the treatment of previously treated advanced RCC based on the LITESPARK-005 clinical trial and for the treatment of VHL disease based on the LITESPARK-004 clinical trial.
Current wording
Sales of Welireg, for the treatment of adult patients with certain von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease-associated tumors and certain adult patients with previously treated advanced RCC, more than doubled in both the second quarter and first six months of 2024. Sales growth in both periods was primarily due to higher demand in the U.S. largely attributable to the launch of a new indication for previously treated advanced RCC following approval by the FDA in December 2023. Welireg is under review in the European Union (EU) and Japan for the treatment of previously treated advanced RCC based on the LITESPARK-005 clinical trial and in the EU for the treatment of VHL disease based on the LITESPARK-004 clinical trial.
Previous wording
Reblozyl (luspatercept-aamt) is a first-in-class erythroid maturation recombinant fusion protein that is being commercialized through a global collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (BMS) (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Reblozyl is approved for the treatment of anemia in certain rare blood disorders. Alliance revenue related to this collaboration (consisting of royalties) increased 66% in the first quarter of 2024 due to strong underlying sales performance.
Current wording
Reblozyl (luspatercept-aamt) is a first-in-class erythroid maturation recombinant fusion protein that is being commercialized through a global collaboration with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (BMS) (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Reblozyl is approved for the treatment of anemia in certain rare blood disorders. Alliance revenue related to this collaboration (consisting of royalties) increased 92% and 80% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, due to strong underlying sales performance.
Previous wording
Combined worldwide sales of Gardasil and Gardasil 9, vaccines to help prevent certain cancers and other diseases caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), grew 14% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to strong demand, particularly in China, which also benefited from the timing of shipments, as well as public sector buying patterns in the U.S., and higher pricing.
Current wording
Combined worldwide sales of Gardasil and Gardasil 9, vaccines to help prevent certain cancers and other diseases caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), grew 1% in the second quarter of 2024 primarily driven by higher sales in the U.S. due to higher pricing, demand and public sector buying patterns, as well as higher demand in several ex-U.S. markets. Sales growth of Gardasil/Gardasil 9 in the second quarter of 2024 was largely offset by lower sales in China due to the timing of shipments compared with prior year. Combined worldwide sales of Gardasil and Gardasil 9 grew 7% in the first six months of 2024 primarily due to higher global demand, as well as public sector buying patterns in the U.S., and higher pricing. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company observed a significant decline in shipments from its distributor and commercialization partner in China, Zhifei Biological Products Co., Ltd. (Zhifei), into the points of vaccination compared with prior quarters, resulting in above normal inventory levels at Zhifei. If shipments from Zhifei into the points of vaccination do not increase, it is likely that the Company will ship less than its full year 2024 contracted doses by the end of 2024.
Previous wording
Global sales of ProQuad (Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Virus Vaccine Live), a pediatric combination vaccine to help protect against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella, grew 8% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily reflecting higher pricing in the U.S. and higher demand in certain ex-U.S. markets.
Current wording
Global sales of ProQuad (Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Virus Vaccine Live), a pediatric combination vaccine to help protect against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella, grew 7% and 8% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily reflecting higher pricing and demand in the U.S.
Previous wording
Worldwide sales of M-M-R II (Measles, Mumps and Rubella Virus Vaccine Live), a vaccine to help prevent measles, mumps and rubella, were nearly flat in the first quarter of 2024.
Current wording
Worldwide sales of M-M-R II (Measles, Mumps and Rubella Virus Vaccine Live), a vaccine to help prevent measles, mumps and rubella, grew 8% and 5% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, largely reflecting higher demand in several ex-U.S. markets.
Previous wording
Global sales of Varivax (Varicella Virus Vaccine Live), a vaccine to help prevent chickenpox (varicella), increased 11% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily attributable to higher pricing in the U.S. and higher sales in Latin America due in part to the timing of government tenders.
Current wording
Global sales of Varivax (Varicella Virus Vaccine Live), a vaccine to help prevent chickenpox (varicella), increased 4% and 7% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily attributable to higher pricing in the U.S. Sales growth in the second quarter of 2024 was partially offset by the timing of sales in Latin America.
Previous wording
Worldwide sales of Vaxneuvance, a vaccine to help protect against invasive pneumococcal disease, more than doubled in the first quarter of 2024 primarily reflecting continued uptake in the pediatric indication in the U.S. and Europe, as well as new market launches. Sales growth in the U.S. also reflects the beneficial impact of public sector buying patterns.
Current wording
Worldwide sales of Vaxneuvance, a vaccine to help protect against invasive pneumococcal disease, grew 13% in the second quarter of 2024 primarily reflecting continued uptake following launches in the pediatric indication in Japan and Europe, partially offset by lower sales in the U.S. due to lower demand and public sector buying patterns. Worldwide sales of Vaxneuvance grew 49% in the first six months of 2024 primarily reflecting higher demand in Europe and Japan, as well as the beneficial impact of public sector buying patterns in the U.S.
Previous wording
Global sales of RotaTeq, a vaccine to help protect against rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children, declined 27% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to lower sales in China reflecting first quarter 2023 inventory stocking, as well as lower sales in the U.S. due to public sector buying patterns.
Current wording
Global sales of RotaTeq(Rotavirus Vaccine, Live Oral, Pentavalent), a vaccine to help protect against rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children, grew 25% in the second quarter of 2024 largely due to the timing of sales in China, as well as higher sales in the U.S. reflecting a benefit from public sector buying patterns that was partially offset by lower demand. Worldwide sales of RotaTeq declined 11% first six months of 2024 primarily due to lower sales in China reflecting first quarter 2023 inventory stocking, as well as lower sales in the U.S. due to lower demand and public sector buying patterns, partially offset by higher pricing.
Previous wording
Worldwide sales of Pneumovax 23, a vaccine to help prevent pneumococcal disease, declined 36% in the first quarter of 2024 largely due to lower demand in the U.S. as the market has shifted toward newer adult pneumococcal conjugate vaccines following changes in the recommendations of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in 2021.
Current wording
Worldwide sales of Pneumovax 23 (pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent), a vaccine to help prevent pneumococcal disease, declined 36% in both the second quarter and first six months of 2024 driven by lower demand in most markets, particularly in the U.S. as the market has shifted toward newer adult pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
Previous wording
Worldwide sales of Bridion(sugammadex), for the reversal of two types of neuromuscular blocking agents used during surgery, declined 10% in the first quarter of 2024 driven by lower demand in certain ex-U.S. markets due to generic competition, particularly in the EU, partially offset by higher demand in the U.S. The patent that provided market exclusivity for Bridion in the EU expired in July 2023. Accordingly, the Company is experiencing sales declines of Bridion in these markets and expects the declines to continue. The patent that provided market exclusivity for Bridion in Japan expired in January 2024; the Company anticipates sales of Bridion in Japan will decline in future periods.
Current wording
Worldwide sales of Bridion(sugammadex), for the reversal of two types of neuromuscular blocking agents used during surgery, declined 9% in both the second quarter and first six months of 2024 primarily driven by lower demand in certain ex-U.S. markets due to generic competition, particularly in the EU and the Asia Pacific region, partially offset by higher demand in the U.S. The patent that provided market exclusivity for Bridion in the EU expired in July 2023. Accordingly, the Company is experiencing sales declines of Bridion in these markets and expects the declines to continue. The patent that provided market exclusivity for Bridion in Japan expired in January 2024; the Company anticipates sales of Bridion in Japan will decline in future periods.
Previous wording
Worldwide sales of Prevymis(letermovir), a medicine for prophylaxis (prevention) of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in certain high risk adult recipients of an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and for prophylaxis of CMV disease in certain high risk adult recipients of a kidney transplant, grew 35% in the first quarter of 2024 largely due to higher global demand, particularly in the U.S. and China.
Current wording
Worldwide sales of Prevymis(letermovir), a medicine for prophylaxis (prevention) of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in certain high risk adult recipients of an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and for prophylaxis of CMV disease in certain high risk adult recipients of a kidney transplant, grew 31% and 33% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, largely due to higher global demand, particularly in the U.S., China and Europe.
Previous wording
Adempas (riociguat) and Verquvo (vericiguat) are part of a worldwide collaboration with Bayer AG (Bayer) to market and develop soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) modulators (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Adempas is approved for the treatment of certain types of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH). Verquvo is approved to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization following a hospitalization for heart failure or need for outpatient intravenous diuretics in adults with symptomatic chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Alliance revenue from the collaboration in the first quarter of 2024 was nearly flat compared with the corresponding prior year period. Revenue also includes sales of Adempas and Verquvo in Merck’s marketing territories. Sales of Adempas in Merck’s marketing territories grew 18% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to higher demand.
Current wording
Adempas (riociguat) and Verquvo (vericiguat) are part of a worldwide collaboration with Bayer AG (Bayer) to market and develop soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) modulators (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Adempas is approved for the treatment of certain types of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH). Verquvo is approved to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization following a hospitalization for heart failure or need for outpatient intravenous diuretics in adults with symptomatic chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Alliance revenue from the collaboration grew 56% and 22% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, due to higher demand in Bayer’s marketing territories. Revenue also includes sales of Adempas and Verquvo in Merck’s marketing territories. Sales of Adempas in Merck’s marketing territories grew 11% and 14% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily due to higher demand.
Previous wording
In March 2024, the FDA approved Winrevair (sotatercept-csrk) for the treatment of adults with PAH (World Health Organization [WHO] Group 1) to increase exercise capacity, improve WHO functional class, and reduce the risk of clinical worsening events. The approval is based on the STELLAR trial. Winrevair is the subject of a licensing agreement with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (BMS) and Merck will pay 22% royalties on sales of Winrevair in the PH field to BMS.
Current wording
In March 2024, the FDA approved Winrevair for the treatment of adults with PAH (World Health Organization [WHO] Group 1) to increase exercise capacity, improve WHO functional class, and reduce the risk of clinical worsening events. The approval is based on the STELLAR trial. Additional worldwide regulatory filings for Winrevair are underway. Winrevair is the subject of a licensing agreement with BMS pursuant to which Merck pays a 22% royalty on sales of Winrevair to BMS. Merck estimates approximately 40% of Winrevair sales in the second quarter 2024 were attributable to doses administered to patients, with the remainder due to distributors building inventory in support of increasing demand.
Previous wording
Lagevrio is an investigational oral antiviral COVID-19 medicine being developed in a collaboration with Ridgeback Biotherapeutics LP (Ridgeback) (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Sales of Lagevrio declined 11% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to lower demand in certain markets in the Asia Pacific region, partially offset by sales in the U.S. and higher demand in Japan.
Current wording
Lagevrio is an investigational oral antiviral COVID-19 medicine being developed in a collaboration with Ridgeback Biotherapeutics LP (Ridgeback) (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Sales of Lagevrio declined 46% and 23% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily due to lower demand and pricing in certain markets in the Asia Pacific region, partially offset by uptake from commercial distribution in the U.S. and higher demand in Japan.
Previous wording
Worldwide combined sales of Januvia and Janumet, medicines that help lower blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes, declined 24% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to lower sales in the U.S., largely reflecting lower pricing and lower demand due to competitive pressures, as well as the ongoing impact of the loss of exclusivity in most markets in Europe and the Asia Pacific region, as well as in Canada.
Current wording
Worldwide combined sales of Januvia and Janumet, medicines that help lower blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes, declined 27% and 26% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily due to lower sales in the U.S., largely reflecting lower pricing and lower demand due to competitive pressures, as well as the ongoing impact of the loss of exclusivity in most markets in Europe and the Asia Pacific region, as well as in Canada.
Previous wording
The American Rescue Plan Act enacted in the U.S. in 2021 included a provision that eliminated the statutory cap on rebates drug manufacturers pay to Medicaid beginning in January 2024. Accordingly, manufacturers may have to pay state Medicaid programs more in rebates than they receive on sales of particular products. As a result of this provision, the Company has recognized increased discounts for Januviaand Janumet in the first quarter of 2024. In August 2023, the U.S. Department of HHS, through the CMS, announced that Januvia would be included in the first year of the IRA’s Program. Pursuant to the IRA’s Program, discussions with the government occurred in 2023 and will continue in 2024, with government price-setting becoming effective on January 1, 2026. The Company has sued the U.S. government regarding the IRA’s Program.
Current wording
The American Rescue Plan Act enacted in the U.S. in 2021 included a provision that eliminated the statutory cap on rebates drug manufacturers pay to Medicaid beginning in January 2024. Accordingly, manufacturers may have to pay state Medicaid programs more in rebates than they receive on sales of particular products. As a result of this provision, the Company has recognized increased discounts for Januviaand Janumet in the firstsix months of 2024. In August 2023, the U.S. Department of HHS, through the CMS, announced that Januvia would be included in the first year of the IRA’s Program. Pursuant to the IRA’s Program, discussions with the government have now concluded, with government price-setting becoming effective on January 1, 2026. The Company has sued the U.S. government regarding the IRA’s Program.
Previous wording
Animal Health sales grew 1% in the first quarter of 2024, or 4% excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange. Approximately 3 percentage points of the negative impact of foreign exchange was due to the devaluation of the Argentine peso, which was largely offset by inflation-related price increases consistent with practice in that market. Sales of livestock products were nearly flat in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to higher pricing, as well as increased demand for swine and poultry products, partially offset by lower demand for ruminant products. Sales of companion animal products grew 3% in the first quarter of 2024 due to higher pricing. Sales of Bravecto(fluralaner), a line of oral and topical parasitic control products, were $332 million for the first quarter of 2024, representing growth of 6% compared with the corresponding prior year period, or 7% excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange.
Current wording
Sales of livestock products grew 4% and 2% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily due to higher pricing, as well as increased demand for poultry products. Higher demand for ruminant products also contributed to sales growth in the second quarter of 2024. Sales of companion animal products were relatively flat in the second quarter of 2024. Sales of companion animal products grew 1% in the first six months of 2024 due to higher pricing, largely offset by lower volumes reflecting a reduction in distributor inventory. Sales of Bravecto(fluralaner), a line of oral, topical and injectable parasitic control products, were $331 million for the second quarter of 2024, representing growth of 2% compared with the second quarter of 2023, or 3% excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Sales of Bravecto were $663 million for the first six months of 2024, representing growth of 4% compared with the corresponding prior year period, or 5% excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange.
Previous wording
In February 2024, Merck entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the aqua business of Elanco for $1.3 billion in cash. See “Business Development Transactions” above for additional information related to this transaction.
Current wording
In July 2024, Merck acquired the aqua business of Elanco for $1.3 billion. See “Business Development Transactions” above for additional information related to this transaction.
Previous wording
Cost of sales declined 10% in the first quarter of 2024. Cost of sales includes the amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with acquisitions, collaborations, and licensing arrangements, which totaled $462 million and $532 million in the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense in the first quarter of 2023 includes $72 million of cumulative catch-up amortization related to Merck’s collaboration with Eisai. See Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on Merck’s collaborative arrangements. Also included in cost of sales are expenses associated with restructuring activities, which amounted to $116 million and $29 million in the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, primarily reflecting accelerated depreciation and asset write-offs related to the planned sale or closure of manufacturing facilities. Separation costs associated with manufacturing-related headcount reductions have been incurred and are reflected in Restructuring costs as discussed below.
Current wording
Cost ofsales declined 7% and 8% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively. Cost ofsales includes the amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with acquisitions, collaborations, and licensing arrangements, which totaled $603 million and $468 million in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.1 billion and $1.0 billion in the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense in the first six months of 2023 includes $72 million of cumulative catch-up amortization related to Merck’s collaboration with Eisai. See Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information on Merck’s collaborative arrangements. Also included in Cost ofsalesare expenses associated with restructuring activities, which amounted to $66 million and $32 million in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $182 million and $61 million in the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively, primarily reflecting accelerated depreciation and asset write-offs related to the planned sale or closure of manufacturing facilities. Separation costs associated with manufacturing-related headcount reductions have been incurred and are reflected in Restructuring costs as discussed below.
Previous wording
Gross margin was 77.6% in the first quarter of 2024 compared with 72.9% in the first quarter of 2023. The gross margin improvement was primarily due to the favorable effects of product mix (including lower royalty rates related to Keytruda and Gardasil/Gardasil 9 sales), foreign exchange and lower amortization of intangible assets, partially offset by higher restructuring costs and inventory write-offs.
Current wording
Gross margin was 76.8% in the second quarter of 2024 compared with 73.2% in the second quarter of 2023. Gross margin was 77.2% in the first six months of 2024 compared with 73.1% in the first six months of 2023. The gross margin improvement in both periods was primarily due to the favorable effect of product mix (including lower royalty rates related to Keytruda and Gardasil/Gardasil 9 sales), partially offset by higher restructuring costs and amortization of intangible assets.
Previous wording
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were nearly flat in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to higher administrative costs, largely offset by lower promotional spending, reflecting the prioritization of spending on key growth products, and the favorable effect of foreign exchange.
Current wording
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased 1% in the second quarter of 2024 primarily due to higher administrative and promotional costs, largely offset by the favorable effect of foreign exchange and lower restructuring costs. SG&A expenses rose 1% in the first six months of 2024 primarily due to higher administrative costs, largely offset by the favorable effect of foreign exchange, lower promotional spending, reflecting the prioritization of spending on key growth products, as well as lower restructuring costs.
Previous wording
Research and development (R&D) expenses declined 7% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to lower charges for business development transactions, which included a $656 million charge for the acquisition of Harpoon in the first quarter of 2024, compared with charges of $1.2 billion for the acquisition of Imago and $175 million for a license and collaboration agreement with Kelun-Biotech in the first quarter of 2023. The decline was partially offset by higher compensation and benefit costs, increased clinical development spending, and higher investments in discovery research and early drug development in the first quarter of 2024.
Current wording
Research and development (R&D) expenses were $3.5 billion in the second quarter of 2024 compared with $13.3 billion in the second quarter of 2023. The decline was primarily due to a $10.2 billion charge in the second quarter of 2023 for the acquisition of Prometheus. R&D expenses were $7.5 billion in the first six months 2024 compared with $17.6 billion in the first six months of 2023. The decline was primarily due to lower charges for business development transactions, which included a $656 million charge for the acquisition of Harpoon in the first six months of 2024, compared with charges of $10.2 billion for the acquisition of Prometheus, $1.2 billion for the acquisition of Imago and $175 million for a license and collaboration agreement with Kelun-Biotech in the first six months of 2023. The declines in R&D expenses for both the second quarter and first six months of 2024 were partially offset by increased clinical development spending, as well as higher compensation and benefit costs in 2024.
Previous wording
R&D expenses are comprised of the costs directly incurred by Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), the Company’s research and development division that focuses on human health-related activities, which were $2.4 billion and $2.1 billion for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Also included in R&D expenses are Animal Health research costs, upfront payments for collaboration and licensing agreements, charges for transactions accounted for as asset acquisitions (including the charges for the Harpoon and Imago acquisitions as noted above), and costs incurred by other divisions in support of R&D activities, including depreciation, production and general and administrative, which in the aggregate were approximately $1.6 billion and $2.2 billion for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Current wording
R&D expenses are comprised of the costs directly incurred by Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), the Company’s research and development division that focuses on human health-related activities, which were $2.5 billion and $2.3 billion for the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $4.9 billion and $4.3 billion for the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Also included in R&D expenses are Animal Health research costs, upfront payments for collaboration and licensing agreements, charges for transactions accounted for as asset acquisitions (including the charges for the Harpoon, Prometheus and Imago acquisitions as noted above), and costs incurred by other divisions in support of R&D activities, including depreciation, production and general and administrative, which in the aggregate were approximately $955 million and $11.1 billion for the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2.5 billion and $13.3 billion for the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Previous wording
In January 2024, the Company approved a new restructuring program (2024 Restructuring Program) intended to continue the optimization of the Company’s Human Health global manufacturing network as the future pipeline shifts to new modalities and also optimize the Animal Health global manufacturing network to improve supply reliability and increase efficiency. The actions contemplated under the 2024 Restructuring Program are expected to be substantially completed by the end of 2031, with the cumulative pretax costs to be incurred by the Company to implement the program estimated to be approximately $4.0 billion. Approximately 60% of the cumulative pretax costs will be non-cash, relating primarily to the accelerated depreciation of facilities to be closed or divested. The remainder of the costs will result in cash outlays, relating primarily to facility shut-down costs. The Company expects to record charges of approximately $800 million in 2024 related to the 2024 Restructuring Program. The Company anticipates the actions under the 2024 Restructuring Program will result in cumulative annual net cost savings of approximately $750 million by the end of 2031.
Current wording
37 - modalities and also optimize the Animal Health global manufacturing network to improve supply reliability and increase efficiency. The actions contemplated under the 2024 Restructuring Program are expected to be substantially completed by the end of 2031, with the cumulative pretax costs to be incurred by the Company to implement the program estimated to be approximately $4.0 billion. Approximately 60% of the cumulative pretax costs will be non-cash, relating primarily to the accelerated depreciation of facilities to be closed or divested. The remainder of the costs will result in cash outlays, relating primarily to facility shut-down costs. The Company expects to record charges of approximately $800 million in 2024 related to the 2024 Restructuring Program. The Company anticipates the actions under the 2024 Restructuring Program will result in cumulative annual net cost savings of approximately $750 million by the end of 2031.
Previous wording
32 - footprint. The actions under the 2019 Restructuring Program were substantially complete at the end of 2023 and, as of January 1, 2024, any remaining activities are now being accounted for as part of the 2024 Restructuring Program.
Current wording
In 2019, Merck approved a global restructuring program (2019 Restructuring Program) as part of a worldwide initiative focused on optimizing the Company’s manufacturing and supply network, as well as reducing its global real estate footprint. The actions under the 2019 Restructuring Program were substantially complete at the end of 2023 and, as of January 1, 2024, any remaining activities are now being accounted for as part of the 2024 Restructuring Program.
Previous wording
Restructuring costs, primarily representing separation and other costs associated with these restructuring activities, were $123 million and $67 million for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Separation costs incurred were associated with actual headcount reductions, as well as estimated expenses under existing severance programs for involuntary headcount reductions that were probable and could be reasonably estimated. Other expenses in Restructuring costs include facility shut-down and other related costs, as well as employee-related costs such as curtailment, settlement and termination charges associated with pension and other postretirement benefit plans and share-based compensation plan costs. For segment reporting, restructuring costs are unallocated expenses.
Current wording
Restructuring costs, primarily representing separation and other costs associated with these restructuring activities, were $80 million and $151 million for the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $202 million and $218 million for the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Separation costs incurred were associated with actual headcount reductions, as well as estimated expenses under existing severance programs for involuntary headcount reductions that were probable and could be reasonably estimated. Other expenses in Restructuring costs include facility shut-down and other related costs, as well as employee-related costs such as curtailment, settlement and termination charges associated with pension and other postretirement benefit plans and share-based compensation plan costs. For segment reporting, restructuring costs are unallocated expenses.
Previous wording
Additional costs associated with the Company’s restructuring activities are included in Cost of sales, Selling, general and administrative expenses and Research and development costs. The Company recorded aggregate pretax costs of $246 million and $97 million in the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to restructuring program activities (see Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).
Current wording
Additional costs associated with the Company’s restructuring activities are included in Cost of sales, Selling, general and administrative expenses and Research and development costs. The Company recorded aggregate pretax costs of $177 million and $236 million in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $422 million and $333 million for the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to restructuring program activities (see Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).
Previous wording
Other (income) expense, net, was $33 million of income in the first quarter of 2024 compared with $89 million of expense in the first quarter of 2023. The favorability was primarily due to a $572.5 million charge in 2023 related to settlements with certain plaintiffs in the Zetia antitrust litigation (see Note 7 to the condensed consolidated financial statements), partially offset by lower income from investments in equity securities and higher interest expense in 2024.
Current wording
Other (income) expense, net was $42 million of expense in the second quarter of 2024 compared with $172 million of expense in the second quarter of 2023 primarily due to net income from investments in equity securities in 2024 compared with net losses in 2023, partially offset by higher net interest expense in 2024. Other (income) expense, net was $12 million of expense in the first six months of 2024 compared with $259 million of expense in the first six months of 2023. The favorability was primarily due to a $572.5 million charge in 2023 related to settlements with certain plaintiffs in the Zetia antitrust litigation, partially offset by higher net interest expense and lower income from investments in equity securities in 2024.
Previous wording
Pharmaceutical segment profits grew 19% in the first quarter of 2024 primarily due to higher sales, partially offset by higher administrative and promotional costs, as well as the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange. Animal Health segment profits declined 2% in the first quarter of 2024 reflecting higher production costs, increased administrative and promotional costs, as well as the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange.
Current wording
38 - foreign exchange. Animal Health segment profits rose 9% and 3% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily due to higher sales, partially offset by increased promotional costs, as well as the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange.
Previous wording
The effective income tax rate of 15.9% for the first quarter of 2024 reflects a 1.6 percentage point unfavorable discrete impact of a charge for the acquisition of Harpoon for which no tax benefit was recognized. The effective income tax rate of 22.6% for the first quarter of 2023 reflects a 5.5 percentage point unfavorable discrete impact of a charge for the acquisition of Imago for which no tax benefit was recognized.
Current wording
The effective income tax rates were 9.1% and 12.4% for the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively. The effective income tax rates in the second quarter and first six months of 2024 reflect a 4.3 percentage point favorable impact and a 2.2 percentage point favorable impact, respectively, due to a $259 million reduction in reserves for unrecognized income tax benefits resulting from the expiration in June 2024 of the statute of limitations for assessments related to the 2019 federal tax return year. The effective income tax rate for the first six months of 2024 also reflects a 0.7 percentage point unfavorable discrete impact of a charge for the acquisition of Harpoon for which no tax benefit was recognized.
Showing the first 40 of 64 pairs. Open the source sections for the rest.
Rearranged current paragraphs (3)
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
31 - was negatively affected by other cost-reduction measures taken by governments and other third parties to lower health care costs. The Company anticipates all of these actions and additional actions in the future will negatively affect sales and profits.
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
In January 2024, the Company approved a new restructuring program (2024 Restructuring Program) intended to continue the optimization of the Company’s Human Health global manufacturing network as the future pipeline shifts to new
Current report — wording carried from elsewhere
Pharmaceutical segment profits grew 14% and 16% in the second quarter and first six months of 2024, respectively, primarily due to higher sales, partially offset by higher administrative and promotional costs, as well as the unfavorable effect of
Rearranged previous paragraphs (4)
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
28 - termination date of which varies by country; this royalty will expire in the U.S. in September 2024 and on varying dates in major European markets in the second half of 2025. The royalty expenses are included in Cost of sales.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
In 2019, Merck approved a global restructuring program (2019 Restructuring Program) as part of a worldwide initiative focused on optimizing the Company’s manufacturing and supply network, as well as reducing its global real estate
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
Workers Act of 2024, the Company will again be able to realize the benefit of U.S. R&D expenses as incurred but expects no material impact to its effective income tax rate.
Previous report — wording carried elsewhere
34 - costs such as curtailment, settlement and termination charges associated with pension and other postretirement benefit plans and share-based compensation costs.