MACH NATURAL RESOURCES LP

2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements included herein were prepared from records of the Company in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“US GAAP”) and include accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting primarily of normal recurring accruals that are considered necessary for a fair statement of the financial information, have been included.

Our historical financial data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, reflects BCE-Mach III LLC, the accounting predecessor of Mach Natural Resources LP. Our financial and operating data for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes BCE-Mach III for the entire period and BCE-Mach LLC and BCE-Mach II LLC from October 25, 2023, the effective date of the acquisition as a result of the Corporate Reorganization.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although management believes these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from these estimates. The Company evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis, using historical experience, consultation with experts and other methods the Company considers reasonable in the particular circumstances. Nevertheless, actual results may differ significantly from the Company’s estimates. Any effects on the Company’s business, financial position or results of operations resulting from revisions to these estimates are recorded in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.

Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, estimates of proved oil and natural gas reserves and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the fair value determination of acquired assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations and the fair value estimates of commodity derivatives.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had an immaterial effect on the previously reported total assets, total liabilities, partners’ capital, results of operations or cash flows.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents for purposes of the financial statements. The Company maintains cash at financial institutions which may at times exceed federally insured amounts. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable primarily consists of receivables from joint interest owners on properties the Company operates and from sales of oil and natural gas production delivered to purchasers. The purchasers remit payment for production directly to the Company. Most payments for production are received within three months after the production date.

Accounts receivable are stated at amounts due from joint interest owners or purchasers, net of an allowance for credit losses. The Company extends credit to joint interest owners and generally does not require collateral, but typically has the ability to withhold future revenue disbursements to recover any non-payment of joint interest billings. Accounts receivable outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due.

The Company establishes its allowance for credit losses equal to the estimable portions of accounts receivable for which failure to collect is expected to occur primarily based on a historical loss rate analysis. The Company estimates uncollectible amounts based on a number of factors, including the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the debtor’s expected ability to pay its obligation to the Company, the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company considers forecasts of future economic conditions in its estimate of expected credit losses and adjusts its allowance for expected credit losses when necessary. The Company writes off specific accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for credit losses. At December 31, 2023 the allowance for credit losses related to joint interest receivables was $1.7 million, and the credit losses related to sales of oil and natural gas properties were not material.

Derivative Instruments

The Company is required to recognize its derivative instruments on the balance sheet as assets or liabilities at fair value with such amounts classified as current or long-term based on their anticipated settlement dates. The accounting for the changes in fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and resulting designation. The Company has not designated its derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes and, as a result, marks its derivative instruments to fair value and recognizes the cash and non-cash change in fair value on derivative instruments in the statement of operations.

Oil and Natural Gas Operations

The Company uses the full cost method of accounting for its exploration and development activities. Under this method of accounting, costs of both successful and unsuccessful exploration and development activities are capitalized as property and equipment. This includes any internal costs that are directly related to exploration and development activities, but does not include any costs related to production, general corporate overhead or similar activities, which are expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are depreciated using the unit-of production method. Under this method, depletion is computed at the end of each period by multiplying total production for the period by a depletion rate. The depletion rate is determined by dividing the total unamortized cost base plus future development costs by a net equivalent proved reserves at the beginning of the period. The average depletion rate per barrel equivalent unit of production was $6.86, $5.18 and $3.46 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for oil and natural gas properties was $126.4 million, $80.5 million and $35.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Under the full cost method, capitalized costs of oil and natural gas properties, net of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization, may not exceed the full cost “ceiling” at the end of each reporting period. The ceiling is calculated based on the present value of estimated future net cash flows from proved oil and gas reserves, discounted at 10%. The estimated future net revenues exclude future cash outflows associated with settling asset retirement obligations included in the net book value of oil and natural gas properties. Estimated future net cash flows are calculated using the preceding 12-months’ average price based on closing prices on the first day of each month. The net book value is compared to the ceiling limitation on a quarterly basis. The excess, if any, of the net book value above the ceiling limitation is charged to expense in the period in which it occurs and is not subsequently reinstated. The ceiling limitation computation is determined without regard to income taxes due to the IRS recognition of the Company as a flow-through entity. No impairments on proved oil and natural gas properties were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Costs associated with unevaluated properties are excluded from the full cost pool until the Company has made a determination as to the existence of proved reserves. The Company assesses all items classified as unevaluated property on a quarterly basis for possible impairment. The Company assesses properties on an individual basis or as a group if properties are individually insignificant. The assessment includes consideration of the following factors, among others: intent to drill; remaining lease term; geological and geophysical evaluations; drilling results and activity; the assignment of proved reserves; and the economic viability of development if proved reserves are assigned. As of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company had no properties excluded from the full cost pool. During any period in which these factors indicate an impairment, the cumulative drilling costs incurred to date for such property and all or a portion of the associated leasehold costs are transferred to the full cost pool and are then subject to amortization.

Sales of oil and natural gas properties being amortized are accounted for as adjustments to the full cost pool, with no gain or loss recognized, unless the adjustments would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids (“NGL”) reserves. A significant alteration would not ordinarily be expected to occur upon the sale of reserves involving less than 25% of the proved reserve quantities of a cost center.

Other Property and Equipment, Net

Other property and equipment primarily consists of a gathering system, processing plant, and salt water disposal system. Property and equipment are capitalized and recorded at cost, while maintenance and repairs are expensed. Depreciation of such property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range fromtwo to 39 years. Depreciation expense for other property and equipment was $6.5 million, $4.5 million and $3.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Impairment losses are recorded on property and equipment used in operations and other long-lived assets held and used when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amount. Impairment is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset. No impairment was recorded for the years ending December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and consist of production and midstream equipment not placed in service as of December 31, 2023, and 2022. The Company’s production equipment primarily comprises oil and natural gas drilling or repair items such as tubing, casing and pumping units, as well as pipe for midstream operations.

Debt Issuance Costs

Other assets include capitalized costs related to the Revolving Credit Agreement of $2.2 million, net of accumulated amortization of $1.6 million as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, other assets include capitalized costs related to the BCE-Mach III Credit Facility of $1.0 million, net of accumulated amortization of $0.8 million. These costs are being amortized over the terms of the related credit agreements and are reported as interest expense on the Company’s statements of operations.

Debt issuance costs and the discount associated with the Company’s term loan are presented as a reduction of the carrying value of long-term debt on the Company’s balance sheet. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had unamortized debt issuance costs and discount of $18.0 million in relation to the term loan.

Income Taxes

The Company is a limited partnership treated as a partnership for federal and state income tax purposes, with the exception of the state of Texas, with income tax liabilities and/or benefits of the Company passed through to partners. As such, with the exception of the state of Texas, we are not a taxable entity, we do not directly pay federal and state income tax and recognition has not been given to federal and state income taxes for our operations, except as described below.

Limited partnerships are subject to state income taxes in the state of Texas. Due to immateriality, income taxes related to the Texas franchise tax have been included in general and administrative expenses on the statement of operations and no deferred tax amounts were calculated.

The Company disallows the recognition of tax positions not deemed to meet a “more-likely-than not” threshold of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. The Company’s policy is to reflect interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in general and administrative expense, when and if they become applicable. The Company did not recognize any potential interest or penalties in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company’s tax years 2022, 2021 and 2020 remain open for examination by state authorities.

Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company records the fair value of the future legal liability for an asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) in the period in which the liability is incurred (at the time the wells are drilled or acquired), with the offsetting increase to property cost. These property costs are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis within the full cost pool. The liability accretes each period until it is settled or the well is sold, at which time the liability is satisfied.

The Company estimates a fair value of the obligation on each well in which it owns an interest by identifying costs associated with the future downhole plugging, dismantlement and removal of production equipment and facilities, and the restoration and reclamation of a field’s surface to a condition similar to that existing before oil and natural gas extraction or salt water disposal began.

In general, the amount of ARO and the costs capitalized will be equal to the estimated future cost to satisfy the abandonment obligation using current prices that are escalated by an assumed inflation factor up to the estimated settlement date, which is then discounted back to the date that the abandonment obligation was incurred using an estimated credit adjusted rate. If the estimated ARO changes materially, an adjustment is recorded to both the ARO and the long-lived asset. Revisions to estimated AROs can result from changes in retirement cost estimates, revisions to estimated inflation rates and changes in the estimated timing of abandonment. The following is a reconciliation of ARO activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Revenue Recognition

Sales of oil, natural gas and NGLs are recognized when production is sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, delivery has occurred, control has transferred and collectability of the revenue is probable. The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time. This occurs when control is transferred to the purchaser upon delivery of contract specified production volumes at a specified point. The pricing provisions in the Company’s contracts are tied to a market index, with certain adjustments based on, among other factors, whether a well delivers to a gathering or transmission line, the quality of the oil or natural gas and the prevailing supply and demand conditions. As a result, the price of the oil, natural gas and NGL fluctuates to remain competitive with other available oil, natural gas and NGL supplies.

Our major market risk exposure is in the pricing applicable to our oil and natural gas production. Realized pricing is primarily driven by the prevailing worldwide price for crude oil and spot market prices applicable to our natural gas production. Pricing for oil and natural gas production has been volatile and unpredictable for several years, and the Company expects this volatility to continue in the future. The prices the Company receives for production depend on many factors outside of our control. See Note 7 for the Company’s management of price volatility.

Oil Sales

The Company’s oil sales contracts are structured where it delivers oil to the purchasers at the wellhead, where the purchaser takes custody, title and risk of loss of the product. Under this arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue when control transfers to the purchaser at the delivery point based on the price received from the purchaser. Oil revenues are recorded net of any third-party transportation fees and other applicable differentials in the Company’s statement of operations.

Natural Gas and NGL Sales

Under the Company’s natural gas and NGL sales contracts, it first delivers wet natural gas to a midstream processing entity. After processing, the residue gas is transported to the purchaser at the inlet to certain natural gas pipelines, where the purchaser takes control, title and risk of loss of the product. The NGL are delivered to the purchaser at the tailgate of the midstream processing plant, where the purchaser takes control, title and risk of loss of the product. For both natural gas sales and NGL sales, the Company evaluates whether it is the principal or the agent in the transaction. For those contracts where the Company has concluded it is the principal and the ultimate third party is its customer, the Company recognizes revenue on a gross basis, with gathering and processing fees presented as an expense in its statement of operations.

Midstream Revenue and Product Sales

The Company’s gathering and processing revenue is generated from owned gathering and compression systems and processing plants acquired in the Company’s acquisitions. The Company charges a gathering, compression, processing rate per MMBtu transported through the gathering system and processing plant. The Company also gathers and disposes of salt water from producing wells through an owned pipeline system and disposal wells. The Company charges a fixed rate per barrel of water for disposal. Fees are recognized as revenue based on measured volume at the specified delivery points when the associated service is performed.

Product sales are generated from the Company’s sale of natural gas, oil and NGL production purchased from third parties and subsequently gathered and processed through the Company’s owned midstream facilities. Product sales includes activity from certain third-party percent-of-proceeds contracts where the Company keeps a contractually based percentage of proceeds from the sale of natural gas and NGL production, as payment for processing natural gas from the third parties. The Company retains control of the purchased natural gas and NGLs prior to delivery to the purchaser and satisfies its performance obligations by transferring control of the product at the delivery point and recognizes revenue based on the contract price received from the purchaser. The costs of buying natural gas, oil and NGL production from third party shippers are included as costs of product sales on the statement of operations.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

For the Company’s product sales that are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less, the Company has utilized the practical expedient that exempts it from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less. For the Company’s product sales that have a contract term greater than one year, the Company has utilized the practical expedient, which states that a company is not required to disclose the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation. Each unit of product delivered to the customer represents a separate performance obligation; therefore, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required.

Prior-Period Performance Obligations

The Company records revenue in the month production is delivered and control passes to the customer. However, settlement statements and payment may not be received for 30 to 90 days after the date production occurs, and as a result, the Company is required to estimate the amount of production that was delivered and the price that will be received for the sale of the product. The Company records variances between its estimates and actual amounts received in the month payment is received and such variances have historically not been significant.

Concentrations

The Company is subject to risk resulting from the concentration of its crude oil and natural gas sales and receivables with several significant purchasers. The following purchasers each accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenues for the periods indicated:

• Purchaser did not account for greater than 10% of oil, natural gas, and NGL sales for the year.

The Company’s receivables as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 from oil and gas sales are concentrated with the same counterparties noted above. The Company does not believe the loss of any single purchaser would materially impact its operating results, as crude oil and natural gas are fungible products with well-established markets and numerous purchasers.

As of December 31, 2023 the Company had three customers that represented approximately 23.5%,16.2%, and 12.6% of our total joint interest receivables. As of December 31, 2022 the Company had one customer that represented approximately 20.8% of our total joint interest receivables.

Revenue Disaggregation

The following table displays the revenue disaggregated and reconciles disaggregated revenue to the revenue reported (in thousands):

Earnings per Common Unit

The Company’s basic earnings per unit (“EPU”) is computed based on the weighted average number of common units outstanding for the period. Diluted EPU includes the effect of the Company’s phantom units if the inclusion of these units is dilutive. See Note 13 for additional information on the Company’s EPU.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental disclosures to the statements of cash flows are presented below (in thousands):

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, “Financial Instrument-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which amended reporting guidance on credit losses for certain financial instruments. The Company’s primary risk for credit losses relates to our receivables from joint interest owners in our operated oil and natural gas wells. This guidance was effective for periods after December 15, 2022, and the Company implemented it effective January 1, 2023, with no material impacts to our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which updates reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and information used to assess segment performance. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures. Adoption of the update will not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

3. Acquisitions

2023 Acquisitions

Paloma Partners IV, LLC

On November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement (the “Paloma PSA”) with Paloma Partners IV, LLC pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase certain interests in oil and gas properties, rights and related assets located in Blaine, Caddo, Canadian, Custer, Dewey, Grady, Kingfisher and McClain Counties, Oklahoma (the “Paloma Assets”).

On December 28, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of the Paloma Assets (the “Paloma Acquisition”) in accordance with the terms of the Paloma PSA for a purchase price of approximately $815,000,000 in cash. The Paloma PSA provides for customary post-closing adjustments to the purchase price based on an effective date of September 1, 2023. The Company expects to finalize all such adjustments and complete the purchase price allocation during the second quarter of 2024 based on the terms of the Paloma PSA. The Company does not expect post-closing adjustments to be material and they would affect the value of proved oil and gas properties. The Company utilized borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement to fund the Paloma Acquisition.

The Paloma Acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the gross fair value of the Paloma Assets was concentrated in proved oil and natural gas properties, which were considered to be a group of similar identifiable assets. The table below reflects the preliminary fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. While the preliminary purchase price allocation is substantially complete, there may be further adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Paloma Acquisition. These amounts will be finalized within the measurement period of the acquisition which will be no later than one year from the acquisition date. See Note 8 for additional information regarding fair value measurements. Below is a reconciliation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

BCE-Mach LLC and BCE-Mach II LLC

On October 25, 2023, as part of the Corporate Reorganization, the Existing Owners contributed all of their equity interests in BCE-Mach, BCE-Mach II and the Predecessor to the Company in exchange for 100% of the limited partnership interests in the Company to effectuate the acquisition. While there was a high degree of common ownership, the Mach Companies were not under common control for financial reporting purposes. The Predecessor was identified as the accounting acquirer of BCE-Mach and BCE-Mach II which have been accounted for as business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting under U.S. GAAP.

The following table presents the fair value of consideration transferred by the Company for each of the acquisitions (amounts in thousands, except unit and per unit amounts):

The tables below reflect the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. See Note 8 for additional information regarding fair value measurements. Below are reconciliations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the initial disclosure to final purchase price allocations (in thousands):

a. Adjustment reflects finalization of accounting data as of the acquisition date. The initial purchase price allocation considered available data at the time of disclosure.

b. Asset retirement costs were presented net of proved oil and gas properties in the initial purchase price allocation. Adjustment reflects the presentation to separately present the assumed asset retirement liability.

The results of operations attributable to the BCE-Mach acquisition from the acquisition date through December 31, 2023 have been included in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, and include $26.3 million of total revenue and $6.8 million of net income. The results of operations attributable to the BCE-Mach II acquisition from the acquisition date through December 31, 2023 have been included in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, and include $5.1 million of total revenue and $22 thousand of net income.

Hinkle Oil and Gas, Inc.

On June 28, 2023 the Company executed a purchase and sale agreement with Hinkle Oil and Gas, Inc. for the sale of certain oil and gas properties in Oklahoma for $20.0 million, subject to certain customary adjustments. The transaction closed on August 11, 2023. This purchase was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the fair value of acquired assets could be allocated to a single identified asset group of proved oil and natural gas properties.

Business Combination Pro Forma Disclosures

The following table summarizes the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information of the Company as if the business combinations of BCE-Mach and BCE-Mach II had occurred on January 1, 2022 (in thousands):

The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have occurred had the business combinations been completed on January 1, 2022 and is not necessarily indicative of future results of operations of the combined company. The unaudited pro forma financial information gives effect to the business combinations that occurred during 2023 as if the transactions had occurred on January 1, 2022. The unaudited pro forma financial information for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is a result of combining the statements of operations of the Company with the pre-acquisition results of BCE-Mach and BCE-Mach II, with pro forma adjustments for revenues and expenses. The unaudited pro forma financial information excludes any anticipated cost savings as a result of the acquisitions.

The unaudited pro forma financial information includes the following adjustments:

•For the year ended December 31, 2023: Increased depreciation, depletion and accretion-oil and gas of $27.8 million and reduced depreciation and amortization-other of $7.4 million

•For the year ended December 31, 2022: Increased depreciation, depletion and accretion-oil and gas of $16.7 million and reduced depreciation and amortization-other of $8.1 million

Management believes the estimates and assumptions are reasonable, and the effects of the acquisition are properly reflected.

2022 Acquisitions

Camino Natural Resources, LLC

On May 17, 2022, the Company executed a purchase and sale agreement with Camino Natural Resources, LLC for the sale of certain oil and natural gas properties in Oklahoma for $22.0 million subject to certain adjustments. The transaction closed on June 30, 2022 and was effective as of January 1, 2022. The acquisition was funded through contributions from members and operational cash flow. The purchase was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all the fair value of the acquired assets could be allocated to a single identifiable asset group. Acquired assets primarily consist of oil and natural gas properties of $15.8 million, net of asset retirement obligations assumed of $2.2 million and revenue suspense liabilities of $0.4 million. Cash paid for assets as of December 31, 2023 was $15.4 million.

Scout Energy, LP

On May 6, 2022, the Company executed a purchase and sale agreement with Scout Energy Group I, LP and other affiliates for the sale of certain oil and natural gas properties in Oklahoma and Texas for $66.0 million subject to certain adjustments. The transaction closed on June 30, 2022 and was effective as of March 1, 2022. The acquisition was funded through contributions from members and operational cash flow. The purchase was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all the fair value of the acquired assets could be allocated to a single identifiable asset group. The fair value of the midstream assets was assessed using a variety of valuation techniques including the income and cost approach. Below is a reconciliation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

Cash paid for assets as of December 31, 2023 was $59.0 million.

Woolsey Energy Corporation

On December 1, 2021, the Company executed a purchase and sale agreement with Woolsey Energy Corporation and other affiliates for the sale of certain oil and natural gas properties in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas for $26.0 million subject to certain adjustments. The transaction closed on January 31, 2022 and was effective as of December 1, 2021. The acquisition was funded through operational cash flow. The purchase was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all the fair value of the acquired assets could be allocated to a single identifiable asset group. Acquired assets primarily consist of oil and natural gas properties of $23.2 million, net of asset retirement obligations assumed of $6.4 million, and inventory of $1.5 million. Cash paid for assets as of December 31, 2023 was $24.7 million.

BCE-Stack Development LLC

On November 12, 2021, the Company executed a purchase and sale agreement with BCE-Stack Development LLC for the sale of certain oil and natural gas properties in Oklahoma for $40.5 million subject to certain adjustments. The transaction closed on February 28, 2022 and was effective as of January 1, 2022. The acquisition was funded through operational cash flow. The purchase was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all the fair value of the acquired assets could be allocated to a single identifiable asset group. Acquired assets primarily consist of oil and natural gas properties of $37.2 million, net of asset retirement obligations assumed of $0.5 million. Cash paid for assets as of December 31, 2023 was $37.2 million.

2021 Acquisitions

Chisholm Oil and Gas Operating, LLC

On December 30, 2021, the Company executed a purchase and sale agreement with Chisholm Oil and Gas Operating, LLC for the sale of certain oil and natural gas properties in Oklahoma for $33.0 million subject to certain adjustments. The transaction closed on December 31, 2022 and was effective as of October 1, 2021. The acquisition was funded through operational cash flow. The purchase was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all the fair value of the acquired assets could be allocated to a single identifiable asset group. Acquired assets primarily consist of oil and natural gas properties of $28.9 million, net of asset retirement obligations assumed of $1.1 million.

MEP Mid-Con III, LLC

On June 15, 2021, the Company executed a purchase and sale agreement with MEP Mid-Con III, LLC for the sale of certain oil and natural gas properties in Oklahoma for $34.0 million subject to certain adjustments. The transaction closed on July 29, 2021 and was effective as of March 1, 2021. The acquisition was primarily funded from equity contributions from its members. The purchase was accounted for as an asset acquisition as substantially all the fair value of the acquired assets could be allocated to a single identifiable asset group. Acquired assets primarily consist of oil and natural gas properties of $25.7 million, net of asset retirement obligations assumed of $0.1 million.

Cimarex Energy Co.

On April 26, 2021 the Company executed a purchase and sale agreement with Cimarex Energy Co. (“XEC”) for the sale of certain oil and gas assets in Oklahoma and Texas, two gas processing plants, and a gathering system at a purchase price of $95.7 million, subject to certain adjustments. The transaction with XEC closed on June 18, 2021 and was effective as of March 1, 2021. The sale was primarily funded through contributions from its members. The purchase was accounted for as a business combination, under the acquisition method as the Company obtained control of a business by obtaining the legal right to use and develop the oil and natural gas properties included in the purchase and sale agreement, as well as additional oil and gas related assets that can be used to enhance the value of the business. The fair value of the oil and natural gas properties acquired was assessed by utilizing a fair value reserve report that used future pricing and other commonly used valuation techniques.

The fair value of the midstream assets was assessed using a variety of valuation techniques including the income and cost approach. Below is a reconciliation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

4. Property and Equipment

The Company’s property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):

5. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

6. Long-Term Debt

Term Loan Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement

On December 28, 2023, the Company entered into (i) a senior secured term loan credit agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”) with the lenders party thereto, Texas Capital Bank, as agent, and Chambers Energy Management, LP, as arranger, and (ii) a senior secured revolving credit agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement,” and together with the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the “Credit Agreements”) with a syndicate of lenders, including MidFirst Bank as the administrative agent.

Loans advanced to the Company under the Term Loan Credit Agreement are secured by a first-priority security interest on substantially all of our assets. The Term Loan Credit Agreement has (i) an aggregate principal amount of $825.0 million, (ii) a maturity date of December 31, 2026 and (iii) an interest rate equal to the three-month SOFR plus 6.50% plus a credit spread adjustment equal to 0.15%, provided that the three-month SOFR will not be less than 3.00%. The Term Loan Credit Agreement includes customary covenants, mandatory repayments and events of default of financings of this type. Mandatory repayments of principal of $61.9 million, $82.5 million, and $680.6 million are due in the year 2024, 2025, and 2026, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there were $825.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement. The effective interest rate as of December 31, 2023 was 13.1%.

Loans advanced to the Company under the Revolving Credit Agreement are secured by a super-priority security interest on substantially all of our assets. The Revolving Credit Agreement has (i) a maximum available principal amount of $75.0 million, with maximum commitments currently equal to $75.0 million, (ii) a maturity date of December 28, 2026 and (iii) an interest rate equal to the one, three, or six month SOFR, at the Company’s election, plus a credit spread adjustment equal to 0.10%,0.15%, or 0.25%, respectively, in each case, plus 3.00%, provided that the applicable tenor SOFR will not be less than 3.50%. The Revolving Credit Agreement includes customary covenants, mandatory repayments and events of default of financings of this type. The Company used borrowings from the Term Loan Credit Agreement, together with cash on hand, to repay the November 2023 Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2023, the Revolving Credit Agreement was undrawn, and there was $5.0 million in outstanding letters of credit.

We have not guaranteed the debt or obligations of any other party, nor do we have any other arrangements or relationships with other entities that could potentially result in consolidated debt or losses.

Prior Credit Facilities

BCE-Mach III Credit Facility

On May 19, 2020, the Predecessor entered into a credit agreement for a revolving credit facility (the “BCE-Mach III Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of banks, including MidFirst Bank (“MidFirst”), who served as administrative agent and issuing bank. The BCE-Mach III Credit Facility provided for a maximum of $300.0 million, subject to commitments of $100.0 million and was scheduled to mature in May 2026. Outstanding obligations under the BCE-Mach III Credit Facility were secured by substantially all of the Predecessor’s assets. The amount available to be borrowed under the BCE-Mach III

Credit Facility was subject to a borrowing base that was redetermined semiannually each May and November in an amount determined by the lenders. As of December 31, 2022, there was $84.9 million outstanding under the BCE-Mach III Credit Facility.

The credit agreement contained various affirmative, negative and financial maintenance covenants. These covenants, among other things, limited additional indebtedness, additional liens, sales of assets, mergers and consolidations, dividends and distributions, transactions with affiliates and entering into certain swap agreements and require the maintenance of the financial ratios. The BCE-Mach III Credit Facility required mandatory payments when the consolidated cash balance of the Predecessor exceeded $20.0 million.

At the Predecessor’s election, outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement bore interest at a per annum rate elected by the Predecessor that was equal to an alternative base rate (which was equal to the greatest of the most recent prime rate, the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.5%, and 1-month LIBOR plus 1.0%) or LIBOR, in each case plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin ranged from 2.0% to 3.0% in the case of the alternate base rate and from 3.25% to 4.25% in the case of LIBOR, in each case depending on the amount of loans and letters of credit outstanding. The Predecessor was obligated to pay a quarterly commitment fee of 0.50% per year on the unused portion of the commitment, which fee was also dependent on the amount of loans and letters of credit outstanding. The effective interest rate as of December 31, 2022 was 7.7%.

On November 10, 2023, there was $91.9 million outstanding under the BCE-Mach III Credit Facility, which was repaid and terminated when the Company entered into the November 2023 Credit Facility. The termination of the BCE-Mach III Credit Facility was treated as a debt modification, due to the makeup of banks in each credit facility syndicate. The Company wrote off the issuance costs associated with banks exiting the credit facility, and evaluated the change in borrowing capacity with remaining syndicate members and determined no additional issuance cost write offs were necessary. Total write offs of issuance costs were $14 thousand, and were included in the Company’s interest expense on the statement of operations.

BCE-Mach Credit Facility

On October 25, 2023, the Company assumed the revolving credit facility (the “BCE-Mach Credit Facility”) between BCE-Mach and a syndicate of banks, including MidFirst Bank who served as sole book runner and lead arranger. Outstanding obligations under the BCE-Mach Credit Facility were secured by substantially all of BCE-Mach’s assets. The credit agreement provided for a revolving credit facility in a maximum outstanding amount of $200.0 million, subject to commitments of $100.0 million. As of October 25, 2023, $65.0 million was outstanding under the BCE-Mach Credit Facility along with $5.0 million in outstanding letters of credit, which reduced the availability under the credit facility on a dollar-for-dollar basis. On November 10, 2023, the Company repaid all amounts outstanding under the BCE-Mach Credit Facility and entered into the November 2023 Credit Facility and terminated the BCE-Mach Credit Facility.

BCE-Mach II Credit Facility

On October 25, 2023, the Company assumed the revolving credit facility (the “BCE-Mach II Credit Facility”) between BCE-Mach II and a syndicate of banks, including East West Bank, who served as sole book runner and lead arranger. Outstanding obligations under the BCE-Mach II Credit Facility were secured by substantially all of BCE-Mach II’s assets. The credit agreement provided for a revolving credit facility in a maximum outstanding amount of $250.0 million, subject to a borrowing base of $26.0 million. As of October 25, 2023, $17.1 million was outstanding under the BCE-Mach II Credit Facility. On October 31, 2023, the Company repaid all amounts outstanding under the BCE-Mach II Credit Facility. On November 10, 2023, the Company entered into the November 2023 Credit Facility and terminated the BCE-Mach II Credit Facility.

November 2023 Credit Facility

On November 10, 2023, Holdco, a subsidiary of the Company, entered into the November 2023 Credit Facility with a syndicate of banks, including MidFirst Bank who served as sole book runner and lead arranger. Outstanding obligations under the November 2023 Credit Facility were secured by substantially all of Holdco’s assets, comprising the assets of the Mach Companies. In connection with entering into the November 2023 Credit Facility, each of the Pre-IPO Credit Facilities were terminated.

The aggregate principal amount of loans outstanding under the November 2023 Credit Facility as of November 10, 2023 was $125.0 million, in addition to $5.0 million of issued letters of credit. The November 2023 Credit Facility provided for a revolving credit facility in an aggregate maximum amount of $1.0 billion, with an initial borrowing base of $600.0 million, subject to commitments of $200.0 million. On December 28, 2023, the Company entered into the Credit Agreements and terminated the November 2023 Credit Facility. The termination of the November 2023 Credit Facility was treated as a debt modification, due to the makeup of banks in each credit facility syndicate. The Company wrote off the issuance costs associated with banks exiting the credit facility, and evaluated the decrease in borrowing capacity with remaining syndicate members to write off the proportional amount of issuance costs in comparison to the reduction in borrowing capacity. Total write offs of issuance costs were $1.5 million, and were included in the Company’s interest expense on the statement of operations.

7. Derivative Contracts

The Company uses derivative contracts to reduce exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices. These transactions are in the form of fixed price swaps. While the use of these instruments limits the downside risk of adverse price changes, their use may also limit future revenues from favorable price changes. The Company does not intend to hold or issue derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes and has elected not to designate any of its derivative instruments for hedge accounting treatment.

Under fixed price swap contracts, the Company receives a fixed price for the contract and pays a floating market price to the counterparty over a specified period for a contracted volume. The fixed-price payment and the floating-price payment are netted, resulting in a net amount due to or from the counterparty.

The Company reports the fair value of derivatives on the balance sheet in derivative contracts assets and derivative contracts liabilities as either current or noncurrent based on the timing of expected future cash flows of individual trades. See Note 8 for additional information regarding fair value measurements.

The following table summarizes our open financial derivative positions as of December 31, 2023, related to oil production:

The following table summarizes our open financial derivative positions as of December 31, 2023, related to natural gas production:

Balance Sheet Presentation. The Company has master netting agreements with all of its derivative counterparties and presents its derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty on a net basis on the balance sheet. The following tables presents the gross amounts of recognized derivative assets, the amounts that are subject to offsetting under master netting arrangements and the net recorded fair values as recognized on the balance sheet (in thousands):

The following tables presents the gross amounts of recognized derivative liabilities, the amounts that are subject to offsetting under master netting arrangements and the net recorded fair values as recognized on the balance sheet (in thousands):

Gains and Losses. The following table presents the settlement and mark-to-market (“MTM”) gains and losses on oil and natural gas derivatives presented as a gain or loss on derivatives in the statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

8. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value measurement is established by a hierarchy of inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices are available in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or observable inputs for assets or liabilities in non-active markets.

Level 3 — Measurement based on prices or valuation models that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and less observable from objective sources.

Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, which may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Derivative Contracts. The Company determines the fair value of its derivative contracts using industry standard models that consider various assumptions including current market and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, time value, and nonperformance risk. Substantially all of these inputs are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the contract and can be supported by observable data.

The following table provides fair value measurement information for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company determines the estimated fair value of its asset retirement obligations by calculating the present value of estimated cash flows related to plugging and abandonment liabilities using level 3 inputs. The significant inputs used to calculate such liabilities include estimates of costs to be incurred, the Company’s credit adjusted discount rates, inflation rates and estimated dates of abandonment. The asset retirement liability is accreted to its present value each period and the capitalized asset retirement cost is depleted with proved oil and natural gas properties using the unit of production method.

Business combinations

Proved properties acquired as a result of business combinations were valued using an income approach based on underlying reserves projections as of the acquisition date. The income approach is considered a Level 3 fair value estimate and includes significant assumptions of future production, commodity prices, operating and capital cost estimates, the weighted average cost of capital for industry peers, which represents the discount factor, and risk adjustment factors based on reserve category. Price assumptions were based on observable market pricing, adjusted for historical differentials, while cost estimates were based on current observable costs inflated based on historical and expected future inflation.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, revenue payable, accrued interest payable, and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

The carrying amount of the Company’s Credit Agreements approximate fair value, as the current borrowing base rate does not materially differ from market rates of similar borrowings.

9. Equity Compensation Plans

Equity-based compensation includes unit-based payment awards that are issued to employees and non-employees in exchange for services provided to the Company. Equity-classified unit-based payment awards are recognized at fair value on the grant date and amortized over the requisite service period. For awards with service-based vesting conditions only, the Company recognizes compensation cost using straight-line attribution. The Company uses accelerated attribution for awards that contain market or performance-based vesting conditions. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. Equity-based compensation is presented within general and administrative expense on our consolidated statements of operations.

Post-Offering Grants

On October 27, 2023, the Company adopted a new long-term incentive plan for employees, consultants and directors in connection with the Offering and issued approximately 710,137 phantom units to certain employees of Mach Resources LLC (“Mach Resources”) and directors of the Company as compensation for services to be rendered to the Company. The phantom unit awards for all employees of Mach Resources vest ratably on the first three anniversaries of the date of the grant, subject to the employee’s continued employment. Within 60 days of the vesting of a phantom unit, the employee will receive a common unit of the Company. Each phantom unit was granted with a corresponding distribution equivalent right, which entitles the participant to receive a payment equal to the total distributions paid by the Company to its common unitholders during the time the phantom unit is outstanding. Payment of the distribution equivalent right occurs when the phantom units vest, and in the event of forfeited units, the corresponding distribution right is also forfeited.

Total non-cash compensation cost related to the phantom units was $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, there was $12.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to phantom units that is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.8 years.

Predecessor Grants

As part of the Predecessor’s amended and restated LLC agreement as of March 25, 2021, incentive units (Class B Units) and Class A-2 Units were issued to certain employees of Mach Resources as compensation for services to be rendered to the Predecessor. In determining the appropriate accounting treatment, the Predecessor considered the characteristics of the awards in terms of treatment as stock-based compensation.

The incentive units were subject to graded vesting over a period of approximately 3 years (subject to accelerated vesting, as defined by the incentive unit agreement) and a holder of incentive units would forfeit unvested incentive units upon ceasing to be an employee of Mach Resources, excluding limited exceptions. Holders of incentive units were able to participate in distributions upon the Predecessor meeting a certain requisite financial internal rate of return threshold as defined in the Predecessor’s amended LLC agreement.

Determination of the fair value of the awards requires judgements and estimates regarding, among other things, the appropriate methodologies to follow in valuing the award and the related inputs required by those valuation methodologies. For Predecessor awards granted during the year ended December 31, 2021, the fair value underlying the compensation expense was estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following primary assumptions:

•expected volatility based on the historical volatilities of similar sized companies that most closely represent the Predecessor’s business of 53%

•7 year expected term determined by management based on experience with similarly organized company and expectation of a future sale of the business

•a risk-free rate based on a U.S Treasury yield curve of 1.40%

A summary of the Predecessor’s incentive unit awards as of December 31, 2023 is as follows:

On October 25, 2023, all unvested Class B Units immediately vested and were exchanged for common units in the Company as part of the Corporate Reorganization. Total consideration transferred in the exchange of Class B Units for common units was $302.7 million. All unrecognized compensation costs were expensed upon the vesting of the Class B Units. Total non-cash compensation cost related to the incentive units was $2.6 million, $7.5 million and $37.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there wasno unrecognized compensation cost related to incentive units.

On March 25, 2021, the Predecessor issued 1,349 Class A-2 Units, and additional A-2 Units were issued on a quarterly basis to the employee for the year ended December 31, 2021 that vested on the grant date. In 2022, the Class A-2 Issuance Agreement was updated and there wereno additional units granted to the employee.

There wereno unvested Class A-2 Units andno unrecognized compensation costs as of December 31, 2023. There wasno non-cash compensation cost related to the Class A-2 Units for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Non-cash compensation cost related to the Class A-2 Units was $7.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may at times be subject to claims and legal actions. The Company accrues liabilities when it is probable that future costs will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are based on developments to date and the Company’s estimates of the outcomes of these matters. The Company did not recognize any material liability as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Management does not expect that the impact of such matters will have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Environmental Matters

The Company is subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. These laws, which are often changing, regulate the discharge of materials into the environment and may require the Company to remove or mitigate the environmental effects of the disposal or release of petroleum or chemical substances at various sites.

The Company accounts for environmental contingencies in accordance with the accounting guidance related to accounting for contingencies. Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations, which do not contribute to current or future revenue generation, are expensed. Liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments and/or clean-ups are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated.

NGL Sales and Gas Transportation Commitments

The Company is party to a NGL sales contract, which includes certain NGL volume commitments in the event the Company elects not to reduce its committed quantity, at its option. To the extent the Company does not deliver NGL volumes in sufficient quantities to meet the commitment and does not elect to reduce its committed quantity, it would be required to pay a deficiency fee. The Company is currently delivering at least the minimum volumes. Additionally, the Company has natural gas firm transportation agreements terminating in 2024. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company incurred approximately $1.0 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of transportation charges under these agreements. Total remaining payments under these contracts were approximately $7.0 million as of December 31, 2023.

Contributions to 401(k) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) plan under which eligible employees may contribute a portion of their total compensation up to the maximum pre-tax threshold through salary deferrals. The plan provides a company match on 100% of salary deferrals that do not exceed 10% of compensation. We contributed $1.7 million, $1.0 million, and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

11. Leases

Effective January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard superseded the previous lease guidance by requiring lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with lease terms of greater than one year while maintaining substantially similar classifications for financing and operating leases.

Nature of Leases

The Company has operating leases on various vehicles and compressors with remaining lease durations in excess of one year. These leases have various expiration dates through 2027. The vehicles are used for field operations and leased from third parties. The Company recognizes right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with lease terms of greater than one year. Short-term leases that have an initial term of one year or less are not capitalized.

Discount Rate

As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate reflects the estimated rate of interest that it would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

Future amounts due under operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023, were as follows (in thousands):

The following table summarizes our total lease costs before amounts are recovered from our joint interest partners, where applicable, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

The weighted-average remaining lease term as of December 31, 2023 was 1.87 years. The weighted-average discount rate used to determine the operating lease liability as of December 31, 2023 was 5.07%.

12. Partners’ Capital and Members’ Equity

Partners’ Capital

The Company was formed to effectuate the Corporate Reorganization, the Offering and related transactions thereto, as described in Note 1. Nature of Business. On October 25, 2023, the Company issued 88,750,000 common units to Existing Owners of the Mach Companies. See Note 3 for additional information on the merger transactions related to the acquisitions of BCE-Mach and BCE-Mach II. On October 27, 2023, the Company completed the Offering and issued 10,000,000 common units to public unitholders. Contemporaneously, the Company used a portion of the proceeds from the

Offering to repurchase 3,750,000 common units from certain Existing Owners of the Mach Companies. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 95,000,000 common units outstanding.

Members’ Equity

Members’ equity of the Predecessor initially consisted of a single class of common interests, that were all owned by BCE-Mach Intermediate Holdings III LLC. On March 25, 2021, per the Predecessor’s amended and restated LLC agreement and the Class A-2 Issuance Agreement, the Predecessor issued 150,000 Class A-1 Units to its initial member, and 1,349 Class A-2 Units to an employee of Mach Resources for services performed for the Predecessor. Additional Class A-2 Units were granted to the employee on a quarterly basis throughout 2021 for a total of 3,504 Class A-2 Units granted, which have substantially all the same rights as the initial member. As part of a long-term incentive plan for certain employees,20,000 Class B Units were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022. The Class B Units represented a non-voting interest in the Company that allowed the holder to participate in distributions once the Predecessor’s Class A units met a certain requisite financial internal rate of return in accordance with the Predecessor’s LLC agreement. See Note 9 for additional information on equity grants by the Predecessor. All of the equity interests in the Predecessor were exchanged for common units of the Company as part of the Corporate Reorganization.

Contributions from the Company’s predecessor members were $20.0 million, $65.0 million and $101.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Distributions to the Company’s predecessor members were $101.4 million, $274.8 million and $146.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

13. Earnings Per Common Unit

The Company has a single class of common units representing limited partnership interests. The Company has potentially dilutive securities as of December 31, 2023, which consist of phantom units issued under the Company’s long-term incentive plan. As of December 31, 2023, all 709,545 phantom units were excluded from the calculation of earnings per unit because the units were considered anti-dilutive.

The following represents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common unit for the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per unit data):

14. Related Party Transactions

Management Services Agreement. Upon formation of the Predecessor, the Predecessor entered into a management services agreement (the “Predecessor MSA”) with Mach Resources. On October 27, 2023, in connection with the closing of the Offering, the Company entered into a new management services agreement (the “MSA,” and together with the Predecessor MSA, the “MSAs”) with Mach Resources and terminated the Predecessor MSA. Under the MSAs, Mach Resources manages and performs all aspects of oil and gas operations and other general and administrative functions for the Company and (i) will pay Mach Resources an annual management fee of approximately $7.4 million and (ii) reimburse Mach Resources for the costs and expenses of the Services provided. On a monthly basis, the Company distributes funding to Mach Resources for performance under the MSAs. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid Mach Resources $52.3 million (inclusive of $4.8 million in management fees presented in general and administrative expense in the statement of operations), $33.7 million (inclusive of $2.0 million in management fees presented in general and administrative expense in the statement of operations) and $23.6 million (includingno management fees), respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company owed $2.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively, to Mach Resources, presented in accounts payable.

BCE-Stack Development LLC. BCE-Stack Development LLC (“BCE-Stack”) is an affiliate of the member, and previously was an owner of working and revenue interests in a subset of the Company’s wells. BCE-Stack sold their interests in the wells to the Company on February 28, 2022. See Note 3 for additional information on the acquisition. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company hadno receivables or payables with BCE-Stack.

BCE-Mach and BCE-Mach II. BCE-Mach and BCE-Mach II were two related parties that previously entered into a MSA with Mach Resources. These entities had shared ownership, but were not under common control, with the Company prior to the Corporate Reorganization on October 25, 2023. See Note 1 and Note 3 for further discussion of the transactions involving these entities. As of December 31, 2023 and for periods subsequent to the Corporate Reorganization, all account balances and activities between the Company and these entities have been eliminated as intercompany transactions. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had receivables from these related parties for approximately $0.7 million included in accounts receivable — joint interest and other.

15. Subsequent Events

On February 15, 2024, the Company declared its quarterly distribution for the fourth quarter of 2023 of $0.95 per common unit, which was paid on March 14, 2024.

Subsequent to December 31, 2023 the Company entered into the following derivative contracts:

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of these financial statements to ensure that any subsequent events that met the criteria for recognition and disclosure in this Annual Report have been properly included.

16. Supplementary Financial Information for Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)

The following tables provide historical cost information regarding the Company’s oil and gas operations located entirely in the United States:

Capitalized Costs related to Oil and Gas Producing Activities

Costs Incurred in Oil and Gas Property Acquisition and Development Activities

Results of Operations for Producing Activities

The following table includes revenue and expenses related to the production and sale of oil, natural gas, and NGLs. It does not include any derivative activity, interest costs or general and administrative costs.

Proved Reserves

Our proved oil and gas reserves have been estimated by independent petroleum engineers. Proved reserves are those quantities of oil and natural gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulation before the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain. Proved developed reserves are the quantities expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared with the cost of a new well. Due to the inherent uncertainties and the limited nature of reservoir data, such estimates are subject to change as additional information becomes available. The reserves actually recovered and the timing of production of these reserves may be substantially different from the original estimate. Revisions result primarily from new information obtained from development drilling and production history and from changes in economic factors.

Proved reserves. Reserves of oil and natural gas that have been proved to a high degree of certainty by analysis of the producing history of a reservoir and/or by volumetric analysis of adequate geological and engineering data.

Proved developed reserves. Proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells and facilities and by existing operating methods.

Proved undeveloped reserves or PUDs. Proved reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

Standardized Measure

The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows and changes in such cash flows are prepared using assumptions required by the US GAAP. Such assumptions include the use of 12-month average prices for oil and gas, based on the first-day-of-the-month price for each month in the period, and year end costs for estimated future development and production expenditures to produce year-end estimated proved reserves. Discounted future net cash flows are calculated using a 10% rate. No provision is included for federal income taxes since our future net cash flows are not subject to taxation.

Estimated well abandonment costs, net of salvage values, are deducted from the standardized measure using year-end costs and discounted at the 10% rate. Such abandonment costs are recorded as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet, using estimated values as of the projected abandonment date and discounted using a risk-adjusted rate at the time the well is drilled or acquired. See Note 2 for additional information related to asset retirement obligations.

The standardized measure does not represent management’s estimate of our future cash flows or the fair value of proved oil and natural gas reserves. Probable and possible reserves, which may become proved in the future, are excluded from the calculations. Furthermore, prices used to determine the standardized measure are influenced by supply and demand as affected by recent economic conditions as well as other factors and may not be the most representative in estimating future revenues or reserve data.

Proved Reserves Summary

All of the Company’s reserves are located in the United States. The following table sets forth the changes in the Company’s net proved reserves (including developed and undeveloped reserves) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Reserves estimates as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were estimated by our independent petroleum consulting firm Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.

In 2021, the 53,121 MBoe acquisitions represents the reserves acquired from several acquisitions that closed in 2021. See Note 3 for more information. The 48,618 MBoe of upward revisions in proved reserves were the result of a combination of higher commodity prices (20,900 MBoe), positive changes to production forecasts (4,600 MBoe), adjustments to product pricing differentials and lease operating expenses (5,900 MBoe) and the addition of PUDs based on drilling results (17,000 MBoe).

In 2022, the 22,224 MBoe of acquisitions represents the reserves acquired from several acquisitions that closed in 2022. See Note 3 for more information. The 54,969 MBoe of upward revisions in proved reserves were the result of higher commodity prices (9,000 MBoe), the addition of PUDs (35,800 MBoe) and the addition of proved developed producing reserves associated with the drilling of wells within proved areas that were not booked as PUD at prior year-end (7,200 MBoe). The remainder was associated with revisions to reflect current lease operating expenses and production pricing differentials.

In 2023, the 194,208 MBoe of acquisitions represents the reserves acquired from several acquisitions that closed in 2023. See Note 3 for more information. The 30,461 MBoe of downward revisions in proved reserves were the result of lower commodity prices (-20,408 MBoe), the addition of PUDs within proven areas of development (23,014 MBoe), the deletion of PUDs due to changes in the corporate development plan (-36,762 MBoe) and the addition of proved developed producing reserves associated with the drilling of wells within proved areas that were not booked as PUD at prior year-end (8,672 MBoe). The remainder was associated with revisions to reflect current lease operating expenses and production pricing differentials.

The following table sets forth the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flow from projected production of the Company’s oil and natural gas reserves:

(1)Production costs include production severance taxes, ad valorem taxes and operating expenses.

(2)Development costs include plugging expenses, net of salvage and net capital investment.

Price and cost revisions are primarily the net result of changes in prices, based on beginning of the year reserve estimates. Future development costs revisions are primarily the result of the extended economic life of proved reserves and proved undeveloped reserve additions attributable to increased development activity.

Average oil prices used in the estimation of proved reserves and calculation of the standardized measure were $78.22, $93.67 and $66.56 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Average realized gas prices were $2.64, $6.36 and $3.60 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We used 12-month average oil and gas prices, based on the first-day-of-the-month price for each month in the period.