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TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp.

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Mar 4, 2026.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Mar 4, 2026

TPVG$4.37-2.0%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Risk Factors?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-05.

0001580345-25-000005

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-03-04.

0001580345-26-000008

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 269 previous paragraphs and 288 current paragraphs.

229 unchanged; 39 reworded; 20 added; 0 removed; 1 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 1 previous and 1 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (20)

Current report

•We and our portfolio companies are subject to risks associated with artificial intelligence and machine learning technology.

Current report

We and our portfolio companies are subject to risks associated with artificial intelligence and machine learning technology.

Current report

Artificial intelligence, including generative artificial intelligence, large language models and machine learning technologies and similar tools and technologies that collect, aggregate, analyze or generate data or other materials (collectively, “AI”), and its current and potential future applications including in the private investment and financial industries, as well as the legal and regulatory frameworks within which AI operates, continue to rapidly evolve.

Current report

The rapid developments in AI are fundamentally reshaping competitive dynamics within the sectors in which our portfolio companies operate. Portfolio companies that are unable to develop, integrate, or adopt AI tools at a competitive pace may face loss of market share or become unviable, while those that do deploy AI tools face risks of inaccurate or biased outputs, intellectual property infringement (including ownership disputes over AI-generated content and training data), cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and the potential leakage of confidential or proprietary information to third-party AI platforms. The legal and regulatory landscape for AI is rapidly evolving and uncertain at the federal, state, and international levels, and new AI regulations could impose material compliance costs or restrict certain AI use cases on which our portfolio companies depend. Furthermore, recent U.S. tariff and trade policy actions—including sweeping tariffs imposed on imports from most U.S. trading partners beginning in 2025—have created particular risks for technology-sector companies, which depend heavily on global semiconductor, memory, and component supply chains, many of which are concentrated in Asia. Any significant disruption to these supply chains could have an outsized adverse effect on our portfolio companies relative to companies in less globally integrated industries.

Current report

In addition, the rapid development and deployment of AI by third parties, including our portfolio companies’ competitors, could disrupt the markets and business models in which our portfolio companies operate, lower barriers to entry in their industries, and increase competitive pressures in ways that are difficult to predict. Portfolio companies that fail to adapt to AI-driven changes in their industries could experience deteriorating competitive positions, reduced revenue, and impaired ability to service our loans. Furthermore, evolving AI-related legal and regulatory requirements—including potential AI-specific legislation, the application of existing intellectual property, data privacy and consumer protection laws to AI activities, and international regulatory divergence—may impose compliance costs and operational restrictions on our portfolio companies that adversely affect their businesses and our investment returns.

Current report

We may be subject to risks associated with our investments in unitranche secured loans and securities.

Current report

We may invest in unitranche secured loans, which are a combination of senior secured and junior secured debt in the same facility in which we syndicate a “first out” portion of the loan to an investor and retain a “last out” portion of the loan, whereby the “first out” tranche will have priority as any “last out” tranche with respect to payments of principal, interest and any other amounts due thereunder. Unitranche secured loans provide all of the debt needed to finance a leveraged buyout or other corporate transaction, both senior and junior, but generally in a first lien position, while the borrower generally pays a blended, uniform interest rate rather than different rates for different tranches. Unitranche secured debt generally requires payments of both principal and interest throughout the life of the loan. Generally, we expect these securities to carry a blended yield that is between senior secured and junior debt interest rates. Unitranche secured loans provide a number of advantages for borrowers, including the following: simplified documentation, greater certainty of execution and reduced decision-making complexity throughout the life of the loan. In some cases, a portion of the total interest may accrue or be paid in kind. Because unitranche secured loans combine characteristics of senior and junior financing, unitranche secured loans have risks similar to the risks associated with senior secured and second lien loans and junior debt in varying degrees according to the combination of loan characteristics of the unitranche secured loan and which tranche is being held.

Current report

In the current economic environment, additional rounds of financing may be completed at lower valuations than prior rounds (commonly referred to as “down rounds”), which may dilute or eliminate the value of equity securities and warrant positions we hold in portfolio companies and may also reduce the equity cushion supporting the repayment of our debt investments. Elevated interest rates, reduced risk appetite among institutional investors, and macroeconomic uncertainty driven in part by U.S. tariff and trade policy actions have contributed to valuation resets for technology companies, and there is no assurance that prior valuation levels will be restored. Furthermore, the reduced capacity of venture capital sponsors to support portfolio companies—whether due to limited partner liquidity constraints, fund lifecycle pressures, or reduced new fund formation—may limit the availability of follow-on equity financing at any price.

Current report

The actual borrowing needs of our portfolio companies may exceed our expected funding requirements, especially during a challenging economic environment when our portfolio companies may be more dependent on our credit commitments due to the lack of available credit elsewhere, an increasing cost of credit or the limited availability of financing from venture capital firms. In a sustained high interest rate environment, portfolio companies may draw on unfunded commitments at accelerated rates as alternative sources of capital become more expensive or unavailable, potentially requiring us to fund commitments at a time when our own cost of capital is elevated and market conditions are challenging. The macroeconomic uncertainty created by recent U.S. tariff and trade policy actions may similarly accelerate draw requests as portfolio companies seek to preserve liquidity in the face of increased operating costs and revenue uncertainty.

Current report

The emergence of AI tools has created new and evolving categories of intellectual property risk for our portfolio companies. AI training processes may incorporate third-party copyrighted or proprietary materials without authorization, potentially exposing our portfolio companies to infringement claims. The ownership of AI-generated outputs and inventions remains unsettled under current intellectual property law in the United States and internationally, and our portfolio companies may be unable to secure enforceable intellectual property rights in AI-generated content, inventions, or processes. These developments could adversely affect the competitive position, operations, and collateral value of our portfolio company investments and may result in material litigation costs and adverse judgments.

Current report

We and our service providers face significant cybersecurity and data privacy risks; our relationship with certain portfolio companies may also expose us to trade secrets and confidential information, unauthorized access or disclosure of which could expose us to regulatory action, litigation, reputational harm, and material operational disruption.

Current report

We and our Adviser, Administrator, and third-party service providers rely extensively on computer systems and networks to conduct our business, manage our investments, and safeguard our data. The frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks—including ransomware, phishing, social engineering, and AI-enabled attacks—has increased significantly. Threat actors are increasingly using AI tools to conduct more sophisticated and harder-to-detect attacks, including AI-generated impersonations of senior executives to authorize fraudulent wire transfers (“deepfake” fraud), AI-powered automated exploitation of system vulnerabilities, and highly personalized phishing campaigns generated at scale. A successful cyberattack could result in the following, without limitation: the theft, corruption, or unauthorized disclosure of confidential, proprietary, or personal information; operational disruptions impairing our ability to conduct business or access investment records; fraudulent wire transfers or other financial losses; misstated or unreliable financial data; significant remediation and insurance costs; regulatory investigations and fines; reputational harm; and litigation. No assurance can be given that our cybersecurity mitigation efforts or those of our service providers will be effective in preventing all such incidents.

Current report

We are subject to an expanding and complex body of data privacy laws and regulations, including the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), the New York SHIELD Act, and, with respect to certain of our foreign portfolio company activities and investors, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and U.K. GDPR. These laws and regulations impose requirements relating to data collection, processing, storage, and transfer, and provide for significant civil and regulatory penalties for non-compliance. Applicable requirements are evolving and may conflict across jurisdictions, and compliance with new or modified privacy requirements may impose material additional costs on us and our portfolio companies.

Current report

The SEC has adopted cybersecurity risk management rules requiring registered investment advisers and registered investment companies/business development companies to disclose material cybersecurity incidents in a timely manner and to provide periodic disclosures regarding cybersecurity risk management, strategy, and governance. In addition, the SEC’s recent amendments to Regulation S-P will require us to maintain a written incident response program and to provide breach notifications to affected individuals within 30 days of discovering that sensitive customer information was, or is reasonably likely to have been, accessed or used without authorization, and to implement policies and procedures for overseeing service providers that maintain or have access to customer information. Failure to maintain adequate incident response procedures or to comply with notification obligations in the event of a breach could result in SEC enforcement action, significant fines, reputational harm, and private litigation.

Current report

Because most of our investments are illiquid and lack readily available market prices, our valuations are inherently uncertain and require significant judgment. Applicable accounting standards require us to determine the fair value of our investments assuming a hypothetical sale to market participants in the principal market, even if we intend to hold those investments to maturity. During periods of market volatility or disruption—including volatility driven by sudden macroeconomic announcements such as tariff actions—these assumed market conditions may lead to significant downward adjustments to our fair value marks, even in the absence of actual credit deterioration at a portfolio company. Such unrealized depreciation reduces our net asset value per share, may impair our ability to issue additional equity at favorable prices, and may reduce the funds available for distribution to our stockholders.

Current report

Our investment strategy contemplates making investments in foreign companies. As of December 31, 2025, 30.4% of our portfolio at fair value consisted of investments in foreign companies, including investments in European companies. Significant changes in U.S. tariff an trade policies—including the sweeping “reciprocal” tariffs imposed beginning in 2025 on imports from most U.S. trading partners and the substantial escalation of tariffs on goods imported from China—may create specific and material risks for our foreign portfolio companies. Increased tariffs or retaliatory measures by foreign governments could reduce our foreign portfolio companies’ access to U.S. markets, increase their operating costs, compress their profit margins, and disrupt their supply chains. Technology companies are particularly exposed to supply-chain disruption given their dependence on global semiconductor and component supply chains. Retaliatory tariff measures imposed by the European Union, Canada, China, and other U.S. trading partners may similarly expose our portfolio companies that export goods or services to those markets to reduced revenues and increased competitive pressure.

Current report

The current U.S. presidential administration has announced and implemented significant reductions in federal government spending, including reductions affecting federal agency staffing levels, government contracts, grant programs, and the overall scope of federal agency operations. These reductions may directly affect certain of our portfolio companies that derive revenues from government contracts, including defense technology, life sciences, and clean technology companies, or that rely on federal grant programs as a source of non-dilutive funding. Significant reductions in available federal contracts or grants could impair the revenues and liquidity of affected portfolio companies, increasing the risk of defaults on our loans.

Current report

The potential deregulation of the U.S. banking sector could increase competition from banks and other regulated financial institutions in the private credit and venture lending markets in which we operate. If banks expand their lending to venture-backed companies and other growth-stage businesses, the pricing and terms on which we are able to deploy capital may become less favorable, reducing our ability to earn attractive risk-adjusted returns. Any deterioration in our competitive position as a result of increased bank competition could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Current report

In addition, changes in U.S. immigration policy—including restrictions on visas for skilled workers and changes to work authorization programs—could adversely affect certain of our portfolio companies that depend heavily on immigrant or foreign-born talent, particularly in the technology sector, by increasing their costs of hiring, reducing their available talent pool, and creating operational disruptions for affected employees.

Current report

The Federal Reserve’s monetary policy response to inflation has a direct and bidirectional impact on our results of operations. In an increased interest rate environment, the cost of servicing floating-rate debt increases for our portfolio companies, which may impair their ability to service our loans and lead to defaults or restructurings. Ongoing inflationary pressures—including those driven by tariffs on imported goods—may limit the Federal Reserve’s ability to reduce interest rates, extending the period during which our portfolio companies must service debt at elevated floating rates. In a declining interest rate environment, our interest income on floating-rate loans may decrease, potentially compressing our net investment income even if our cost of capital does not decline proportionally, and portfolio companies may prepay existing facilities and seek to refinance at lower rates, requiring us to redeploy capital at potentially lower yields. Both rising and declining interest rate environments therefore present distinct and material risks to our business, and we cannot guarantee that our investment income will keep pace with our cost of capital in any particular interest rate environment.
Reworded paragraphs (39)

Previous wording

Our Adviser has entered into the Staffing Agreement with TPC. Pursuant to the Staffing Agreement, TPC makes, subject to the terms of the Staffing Agreement, its investment and portfolio management and monitoring teams available to our Adviser. We believe that the Staffing Agreement (i) provides us with access to deal flow generated by TPC in the ordinary course of its business; (ii) provides us with access to TPC’s investment professionals, including its senior investment team led by Mr. Labe and Mr. Srivastava, and TPC’s non-investment employees; and (iii) commits certain key senior members of TPC’s Investment Committee to serve as members of our Adviser’s Investment Committee. Under the Staffing Agreement, TPC is required to make the Adviser aware of any financings that TPC evaluates, originates, or in which TPC participates, and the Adviser is responsible for allocating the investment opportunities amongst its affiliates fairly and equitably over time in accordance with its allocation policy. We depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of our Adviser’s senior investment team and our executive officers to achieve our investment objective. We cannot assure you that TPC will fulfill its obligations under the Staffing Agreement or its allocation policy. Further, the Staffing Agreement may be terminated by either party with 60 days’ prior written notice to the other party, and we cannot assure you that the Staffing Agreement will not be terminated by TPC or that our Adviser will continue to have access to the professionals and Investment Committee of TPC or its information and deal flow. The loss of any such access would limit our ability to achieve our investment objective and operate as we anticipate. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Current wording

Our Adviser has entered into the Staffing Agreement with TPC. Pursuant to the Staffing Agreement, TPC makes, subject to the terms of the Staffing Agreement, its investment and portfolio management and monitoring teams available to our Adviser. We believe that the Staffing Agreement (i) provides us with access to deal flow generated by TPC in the ordinary course of its business; (ii) provides us with access to TPC’s investment professionals, including its senior investment teams led by either Mr. Labe or Mr. Srivastava, and TPC’s non-investment employees; and (iii) commits certain key senior members of TPC’s Investment Committee to serve as members of our Adviser’s Investment Committee. Under the Staffing Agreement, TPC is required to make the Adviser aware of any financings that TPC evaluates, originates, or in which TPC participates, and the Adviser is responsible for allocating the investment opportunities amongst its affiliates fairly and equitably over time in accordance with its allocation policy. We depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of our Adviser’s senior investment team and our executive officers to achieve our investment objective. We cannot assure you that TPC will fulfill its obligations under the Staffing Agreement or its allocation policy. Further, the Staffing Agreement may be terminated by either party with 60 days’ prior written notice to the other party, and we cannot assure you that the Staffing Agreement will not be terminated by TPC or that our Adviser will continue to have access to the professionals and Investment Committee of TPC or its information and deal flow. The loss of any such access would limit our ability to achieve our investment objective and operate as we anticipate. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Previous wording

Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on our Adviser’s ability to manage our business and to grow our investments and earnings. This depends on our Adviser’s ability to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our underwriting criteria. Furthermore, our Adviser may choose to slow or accelerate new business originations depending on market conditions, rate of investment of TPC’s select group of leading venture capital investors, our Adviser’s knowledge, expertise and experience, and other market dynamics. The achievement of our investment objective on a cost-effective basis depends upon our Adviser’s origination capabilities, execution of our investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us and, to a lesser extent, our access to financing on acceptable terms. Our Adviser’s senior investment team also has substantial responsibilities in connection with the management of TPC’s investment vehicles and business segments. We caution you that the principals of our Adviser may be called upon to provide and currently do provide significant managerial assistance to portfolio companies and other investment vehicles which are managed by the Adviser. These activities may distract them from servicing new investment opportunities for us or slow our rate of investment. Any failure to manage our business and our future growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Current wording

Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on our Adviser’s ability to manage our business and to grow our investments and earnings. This depends on our Adviser’s ability to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our underwriting criteria. Furthermore, our Adviser may choose to slow or accelerate new business originations depending on market conditions, the rate of investment activity among TPC’s select group of leading venture capital investors, our Adviser’s knowledge, expertise and experience, and other market dynamics. The achievement of our investment objective on a cost-effective basis depends upon our Adviser’s origination capabilities, execution of our investment process, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us and, to a lesser extent, our access to financing on acceptable terms. Our Adviser’s senior investment team also has substantial responsibilities in connection with the management of TPC’s investment vehicles and business segments. We caution you that the principals of our Adviser may be called upon to provide and currently do provide significant managerial assistance to portfolio companies and other investment vehicles which are managed by the Adviser. These activities may distract them from servicing new investment opportunities for us or slow our rate of investment. Any failure to manage our business and our future growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Previous wording

Our competitors include both existing and newly formed equity and debt focused public and private funds, other BDCs, investment banks, venture-oriented banks, commercial financing companies and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity and hedge funds. One or more of our competitors may have or develop relationships with TPC’s select group of leading venture capital investors. We may also be limited in our ability to make an investment pursuant to the restrictions under the 1940 Act to the extent one or more of our affiliates has an existing investment with such obligor. Additionally, many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than us. For example, we believe some of our competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than we do. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or to the distribution and other requirements we must satisfy to maintain our ability to be subject to taxation as a RIC.

Current wording

Our competitors include both existing and newly formed equity and debt-focused public and private funds, other BDCs, investment banks, venture-oriented banks, commercial financing companies and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity and hedge funds. One or more of our competitors may have or develop relationships with TPC’s select group of leading venture capital investors. We may also be limited in our ability to make an investment pursuant to the restrictions under the 1940 Act to the extent one or more of our affiliates has an existing investment with such obligor. Additionally, many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than us. For example, we believe some of our competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have a lower cost of capital than we do, which may allow them to offer financing on more attractive terms. Also, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than we do. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or to the distribution and other requirements we must satisfy to maintain our ability to be subject to taxation as a RIC. Additionally, potential deregulation of bank capital requirements or lending restrictions could further increase competition from banks, which historically have not been as active in the venture lending market, and could adversely affect our ability to source attractive investment opportunities and the terms on which we are able to make investments.

Previous wording

The competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We do not compete primarily on the financing rates and terms we offer and believe that some competitors make loans with rates that are comparable or lower than our rates. We may lose some investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. However, if we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income, lower yields and increased risk of credit loss. As a result of this competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, and we may not be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objective.

Current wording

The competitive pressures we face may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We do not compete primarily on the financing rates and terms we offer and believe that some competitors make loans with rates that are comparable or lower than our rates. We may lose some investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. However, if we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income, lower yields and increased risk of credit loss. Increased competition may also result in our making investments on less favorable terms than we otherwise would have anticipated, including with respect to pricing, covenants, collateral requirements and other structural protections, which could adversely affect our investment returns and increase our credit risk. As a result of this competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, and we may not be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objective.

Previous wording

A reduction in the availability of new capital or an inability on our part to access the capital markets successfully could limit our ability to grow our business and execute our business strategy fully and could decrease our earnings, if any, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Current wording

A reduction in the availability of new capital or an inability on our part to access the capital markets successfully could limit our ability to grow our business and execute our business strategy fully and could decrease our earnings, if any, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We cannot predict the timing, price, or terms upon which additional capital, if any, may be available. Any future debt or equity financing, if available, may be on terms that are less favorable to us than our current financing arrangements, and any future equity issuance, if any, could dilute the percentage ownership of our current stockholders.

Previous wording

Since in these cases we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty meeting the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our net ordinary income and net realized short-term capital gains in excess of net realized long-term capital losses, if any, to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC and to avoid a 4% U.S. federal excise tax on certain of our undistributed income. In such a case, we may have to sell some of our investments at times we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or reduce new investment originations to meet these distribution requirements. If we are not able to obtain sufficient cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and thus be subject to corporate-level income tax.

Current wording

Since in these cases we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty meeting the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our net ordinary income and net realized short-term capital gains in excess of net realized long-term capital losses, if any, to maintain our tax treatment as a RIC and to avoid a 4% U.S. federal excise tax on certain of our undistributed income. In such a case, we may have to sell some of our investments at times we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or reduce new investment originations to meet these distribution requirements. If we are not able to obtain sufficient cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC and thus be subject to corporate-level income tax. In addition, if a portfolio company defaults on a loan that has an accrued PIK interest, end-of-term payment, and/or OID component, we may be required to reverse prior income accruals in respect of such investment, which could reduce our net asset value and our reported net investment income for the period in which such reversal occurs. There can be no assurance that income accruals will ultimately be realized in cash.

Previous wording

We intend to make distributions on a quarterly basis to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution, including offering proceeds, borrowings, net investment income from operations, capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets, non-capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets, dividends or other distributions paid to us on account of equity investments in portfolio companies and fee and expense reimbursement or fee waivers from the Adviser, if any. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. Any distributions made from sources other than cash flow from operations or relying on fee waivers or expense reimbursement, if any, from the Adviser are not based on our investment performance, and can be sustained only if we achieve positive investment performance in future periods and/or the Adviser continues to waive such fees or make such expense reimbursements, if any. The extent to which we pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including the performance of our investments, the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan and how quickly we invest the proceeds from any offering. Stockholders should also understand that any future repayments to the Adviser, if applicable, will reduce the distributions that stockholders would otherwise receive. There can be no assurance that we will achieve such performance in order to sustain our distributions, or be able to pay distributions at all. Except with respect to its agreement to waive all or a portion of the quarterly income incentive fee under certain circumstances through the quarter ending December 31, 2025, the Adviser has no obligation to waive fees.

Current wording

We intend to make distributions on a quarterly basis to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution, including offering proceeds, borrowings, net investment income from operations, capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets, non-capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets, dividends or other distributions paid to us on account of equity investments in portfolio companies and fee and expense reimbursement or fee waivers from the Adviser, if any. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. Any distributions made from sources other than cash flow from operations or relying on fee waivers or expense reimbursement, if any, from the Adviser are not based on our investment performance, and can be sustained only if we achieve positive investment performance in future periods and/or the Adviser continues to waive such fees or make such expense reimbursements, if any. The extent to which we pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including the performance of our investments, the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan and how quickly we invest the proceeds from any offering. Stockholders should also understand that any future repayments to the Adviser, if applicable, will reduce the distributions that stockholders would otherwise receive. There can be no assurance that we will achieve such performance in order to sustain our distributions, or be able to pay distributions at all. Except with respect to its agreement to waive all of the quarterly income incentive fee through the quarter ending December 31, 2026, the Adviser has no obligation to waive fees.

Previous wording

We may issue debt securities or preferred stock and/or borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, we are permitted as a BDC to issue senior securities in amounts such that our asset coverage ratio, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 66-2/3% of the value of our assets) after each issuance of senior securities. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous to us in order to repay a portion of our indebtedness. Also, any amounts that we use to service our indebtedness would not be available for distributions to our common stockholders. To the extent we have senior securities outstanding, we will be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss.

Current wording

We may issue debt securities or preferred stock and/or borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, which we refer to collectively as “senior securities,” up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, we are permitted as a BDC to issue senior securities in amounts such that our asset coverage ratio, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 150% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 66-2/3% of the value of our assets) after each issuance of senior securities. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous to us in order to repay a portion of our indebtedness. Also, any amounts that we use to service our indebtedness would not be available for distributions to our common stockholders. A failure to satisfy the asset coverage ratio could also restrict our ability to pay distributions, potentially impairing our ability to maintain our qualification as a RIC. To the extent we have senior securities outstanding, we will be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss.

Previous wording

We are not generally able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, sell our common stock at a price below the then-current net asset value per share of our common stock if our Board determines that such sale is in our best interests, and if our stockholders approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our Board, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any distributing commission or discount). If we raise additional funds by issuing common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, then the percentage ownership of our stockholders at that time will decrease and you may experience dilution.

Current wording

We are not generally able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, sell our common stock at a price below the then-current net asset value per share of our common stock if our Board determines that such sale is in our best interests, and if our stockholders approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our Board, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any distributing commission or discount). If we raise additional funds by issuing common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, then the percentage ownership of our stockholders at that time will decrease and you may experience dilution. During periods of market dislocation or when our common stock trades below net asset value, our inability to issue shares below net asset value without required approvals may limit our ability to raise equity capital and take advantage of investment opportunities at attractive prices.

Previous wording

We finance certain of our investments with borrowed money when we expect the return on our investment to exceed the cost of borrowing. As of December 31, 2024, we had $5.0 million of principal outstanding under the Credit Facility, $70.0 million of principal outstanding on our 4.50% notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”), $200.0 million of principal outstanding on our 4.50% notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) and $125.0 million of principal outstanding on our 5.00% notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”) before reducing the unamortized debt issuance costs. The use of leverage magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. The use of leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique and increases the risks associated with investing in shares of our common stock. Lenders will have fixed dollar claims on our assets that are superior to the claims of the holders of our common stock and we would expect such lenders to seek recovery against our assets in the event of a default. In addition, under the terms of the Credit Facility and any borrowing facility or other debt instrument we may enter into in the future, we are or will likely be required to use the net proceeds of any investments that we sell to repay a portion of the amount borrowed under such facility or instrument before applying such net proceeds to any other uses. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause our net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged, thereby magnifying losses, potentially triggering mandatory debt payments or asset contributions under the Credit Facility or eliminating our stake in a leveraged investment. Similarly, any decrease in our revenue or income will cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline would also negatively affect our ability to make distributions with respect to our common stock. Our ability to service any debt depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures.

Current wording

We finance certain of our investments with borrowed money when we expect the return on our investment to exceed the cost of borrowing. As of December 31, 2025, we had $95.0 million of principal outstanding under the Credit Facility, $200.0 million of principal outstanding on our 4.50% notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”), $125.0 million of principal outstanding on our 5.00% notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”) and $50.0 million of principal outstanding on our 8.11% notes due 2028 (the “8.11% 2028 Notes”) before reducing the unamortized debt issuance costs. The use of leverage magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. The use of leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique and increases the risks associated with investing in shares of our common stock. Lenders will have fixed dollar claims on our assets that are superior to the claims of the holders of our common stock and we would expect such lenders to seek recovery against our assets in the event of a default. In addition, under the terms of the Credit Facility and any borrowing facility or other debt instrument we may enter into in the future, we are or will likely be required to use the net proceeds of any investments that we sell to repay a portion of the amount borrowed under such facility or instrument before applying such net proceeds to any other uses. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause our net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged, thereby magnifying losses, potentially triggering mandatory debt payments or asset contributions under the Credit Facility or eliminating our stake in a leveraged investment. Similarly, any decrease in our revenue or income will cause our net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. Such a decline would also negatively affect our ability to make distributions with respect to our common stock. Our ability to service any debt depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures.

Previous wording

(1)The hypothetical return to common stockholders is calculated by multiplying our total assets as of December 31, 2024 by the assumed rates of return and subtracting all interest accrued on our debt for the year ended December 31, 2024, and then dividing the resulting difference by our total assets attributable to common stock. The calculation assumes that as of December 31, 2024 the Company had (i) $763.0 million in total assets, (ii) $400.0 million in total debt outstanding, (iii) $345.7 million in net assets, (v) and a weighted average cost of borrowings of 6.1%.

Current wording

(1)The hypothetical return to common stockholders is calculated by multiplying our total assets as of December 31, 2025 by the assumed rates of return and subtracting all interest accrued on our debt for the year ended December 31, 2025, and then dividing the resulting difference by our total assets attributable to common stock. The calculation assumes that as of December 31, 2025 the Company had (i) $839.6 million in total assets, (ii) $470.0 million in total debt outstanding, (iii) $353.6 million in net assets, (v) and a weighted average cost of borrowings of 5.5%.

Previous wording

Based on our outstanding indebtedness of $400.0 million as of December 31, 2024, our investment portfolio would have been required to experience an annual return of at least 3.2% to cover annual interest payments on the outstanding debt.

Current wording

Based on our outstanding indebtedness of $470.0 million as of December 31, 2025, our investment portfolio would have been required to experience an annual return of at least 3.1% to cover annual interest payments on the outstanding debt.

Previous wording

The note purchase agreements and applicable supplements that govern our outstanding unsecured notes contain customary terms and conditions for senior unsecured notes issued in a private placement, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting, maintenance of our status as a BDC and certain restrictions with respect to transactions with affiliates, fundamental changes, changes of line of business, permitted liens and restricted payments. In addition, the note purchase agreements and relevant supplements contain the following financial covenants: (1) a minimum asset coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1.00; (2) a minimum interest coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00; and (3) maintenance of minimum stockholders’ equity. The note purchase agreements and relevant supplements governing out outstanding unsecured notes also contain customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under other indebtedness of the Company or subsidiary guarantors, if any, certain judgments and orders, certain events of bankruptcy, and breach of a key man clause with respect to James P. Labe (the Company’s Chief Executive Officer) and Sajal K. Srivastava (the Company’s President and Chief Investment Officer).

Current wording

The note purchase agreements and applicable supplements that govern our outstanding unsecured notes contain customary terms and conditions for senior unsecured notes issued in a private placement, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting, maintenance of our status as a BDC and certain restrictions with respect to transactions with affiliates, fundamental changes, changes of line of business, permitted liens and restricted payments. In addition, certain of the note purchase agreements and relevant supplements contain the following financial covenants: (1) a minimum asset coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1.00; (2) a minimum interest coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00; and (3) maintenance of minimum stockholders’ equity. The note purchase agreements and relevant supplements governing out outstanding unsecured notes also contain customary events of default with customary cure and notice periods, including, without limitation, nonpayment, incorrect representation in any material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under other indebtedness of the Company or subsidiary guarantors, if any, certain judgments and orders, certain events of bankruptcy, and, with respect to certain note purchase agreements, breach of a key man clause with respect to James P. Labe (the Company’s Chief Executive Officer) and Sajal K. Srivastava (the Company’s President and Chief Investment Officer).

Previous wording

Adverse developments in the credit markets may impair our ability to enter into any other future borrowing facility.

Current wording

Adverse developments in the credit markets may impair our ability to amend any existing borrowing facility or enter into any other future borrowing facility.

Previous wording

During past U.S. and global economic downturns, many commercial banks and other financial institutions stopped lending or significantly curtailed their lending activity. In addition, in an effort to stem losses and reduce their exposure to segments of the economy deemed to be high risk, some financial institutions limited refinancing and loan modification transactions and reviewed the terms of existing facilities to identify bases for accelerating the maturity of existing lending facilities. If these conditions reoccur, it may be difficult for us to enter into a new borrowing facility, obtain other financing to finance the growth of our investments or refinance any outstanding indebtedness on acceptable economic terms or at all.

Current wording

During past U.S. and global economic downturns, many commercial banks and other financial institutions stopped lending or significantly curtailed their lending activity. In addition, in an effort to stem losses and reduce their exposure to segments of the economy deemed to be high risk, some financial institutions limited refinancing and loan modification transactions and reviewed the terms of existing facilities to identify bases for accelerating the maturity of existing lending facilities. Such developments in the credit markets may result in, among other things, write-offs, the re-pricing of credit risk, the failure of financial institutions, or worsening general economic conditions, any of which could materially and adversely impact the availability and cost of debt capital for us. If these conditions reoccur, it may be difficult for us to enter into a new borrowing facility, obtain other financing to finance the growth of our investments or refinance any outstanding indebtedness on acceptable economic terms or at all. Any failure to extend, refinance or repay such indebtedness when due could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations and financial condition.

Previous wording

The costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means. Cybersecurity has become a priority for regulators in the U.S. and around the world. With the SEC particularly focused on cybersecurity, we expect increased scrutiny of our and the Adviser’s policies and systems designed to manage cybersecurity risks and related disclosures. We also may face increased costs to comply with the new SEC rules, including the Adviser’s increased costs for cybersecurity training and management, a portion of which may be allocated to us. Many jurisdictions in which we operate have laws and regulations relating to data privacy, cybersecurity and protection of personal information, including the California Consumer Privacy Act, the New York SHIELD Act, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and the U.K. GDPR. In addition, the SEC has indicated in recent periods that one of its examination priorities for the Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations is to continue to examine cybersecurity procedures and controls, including testing the implementation of these procedures and controls.

Current wording

The costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means. Cybersecurity has become a priority for regulators in the U.S. and around the world. With the SEC particularly focused on cybersecurity, we expect increased scrutiny of our and the Adviser’s policies and systems designed to manage cybersecurity risks and related disclosures. We also may face increased costs to comply with the new SEC rules, including the Adviser’s increased costs for cybersecurity training and management, a portion of which may be allocated to us. Many jurisdictions in which we operate have laws and regulations relating to data privacy, cybersecurity and protection of personal information, including the California Consumer Privacy Act, the New York SHIELD Act, the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and the U.K. GDPR. In addition, the SEC has indicated in recent periods that one of its examination priorities for the Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations is to continue to examine cybersecurity procedures and controls, including testing the implementation of these procedures and controls. The SEC adopted cybersecurity disclosure rules effective in 2023, which impose requirements regarding the timely public disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents on Form 8-K and annual disclosure of cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance in annual reports. In addition, amendments to Regulation S-P began to become effective in 2025, which requires registered investment advisers to adopt written incident response programs and to notify affected individuals of certain data breaches within specified timeframes. Compliance with these rules and any future changes in applicable cybersecurity regulations may impose additional costs on us and our Adviser and create additional risk that any failure to comply, or any material cybersecurity incident that we are required to disclose, could adversely affect investor confidence, the value of our securities, and our ability to raise capital.

Previous wording

There may be substantial financial penalties or fines for breaches of data security and privacy laws (which may include insufficient security for personal or other sensitive information). Non-compliance with any applicable privacy or data security laws represents a serious risk to our business. Some jurisdictions have also enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving certain types of personal information. Breaches in security could potentially jeopardize our, the Adviser’s employees’ or our investors’ or counterparties’ confidential or other information processed and stored in, or transmitted through, our or the Adviser’s computer systems and networks (or those of our third-party service providers), or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, the Adviser’s employees’, our investors’, our portfolio companies’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ operations, which could result in significant losses, increased costs, disruption of our business, liability to our investors, our portfolio companies and other counterparties, fines or penalties, litigation, regulatory intervention or reputational damage, which could also lead to loss of investors.

Current wording

There may be substantial financial penalties or fines for breaches of data security and privacy laws (which may include insufficient security for personal or other sensitive information). Non-compliance with any applicable privacy or data security laws represents a serious risk to our business. Some jurisdictions have also enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving certain types of personal information. Breaches in security could potentially jeopardize our, the Adviser’s employees’ or our investors’ or counterparties’ confidential or other information processed and stored in, or transmitted through, our or the Adviser’s computer systems and networks (or those of our third-party service providers), or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, the Adviser’s employees’, our investors’, our portfolio companies’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ operations, which could result in significant losses, increased costs, disruption of our business, liability to our investors, our portfolio companies and other counterparties, fines or penalties, litigation, regulatory intervention or reputational damage, which could also lead to loss of investors. Furthermore, cyber threats are increasingly sophisticated and include, among other techniques, ransomware and extortion attacks, social engineering (including "phishing" and "spear phishing"), business email compromise, and nation-state-sponsored attacks. Threat actors may exploit artificial intelligence tools to increase the sophistication, speed and scale of attacks, including by creating more convincing fraudulent communications, automating attack vectors and impersonating trusted counterparties. There can be no assurance that our cybersecurity measures or those of our third-party service providers will be sufficient to detect or prevent all cyber threats.

Previous wording

We may co-invest with TPC and/or investment funds, accounts and vehicles managed by TPC or its affiliates where doing so is consistent with our investment strategy as well as applicable law and SEC staff interpretations. We generally are only permitted to co-invest with TPC and/or such investment funds, accounts and vehicles where the only term that is negotiated is price. However, on March 28, 2018 we, TPC and our Adviser received the Exemptive Order from the SEC, which permits greater flexibility to negotiate the terms of co-investments with TPC and/or investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by TPC or its affiliates in a manner consistent with our investment objective, positions, policies, strategies and restrictions as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors. Pursuant to the Exemptive Order, we are permitted to co-invest with our affiliates if, among other things, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our independent directors make certain conclusions in connection with a co-investment transaction, including, but not limited to, that (1) the terms of the potential co-investment transaction, including the consideration to be paid, are reasonable and fair to us and our stockholders and do not involve overreaching in respect of us or our stockholders on the part of any person concerned, and (2) the potential co-investment transaction is consistent with the interests of our stockholders and is consistent with our then-current investment objective and strategies.

Current wording

We may participate in negotiated co-investment transactions with TPC and/or investment funds, accounts and vehicles managed by TPC or its affiliates, including TPVC and TPVL, where doing so is consistent with our investment strategy as well as applicable law and SEC staff interpretations. We generally are only permitted to co-invest with TPC and/or such investment funds, accounts and vehicles where the only term that is negotiated is price. However, on July 8, 2025, TPC and our Adviser received the Exemptive Order from the SEC, which permits greater flexibility to negotiate the terms of co-investments with TPC and/or investment funds, accounts and investment vehicles managed by TPC or its affiliates, including TPVC and TPVL, where doing so is consistent with regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors and pursuant to the conditions of the Exemptive Order. Our Adviser, pursuant to the Exemptive Order, operates under a new form of co-investment exemptive relief that adopts a more flexible requirement that allocations be “fair and equitable” to us and that our Adviser consider the interests of us in allocations. Under the Exemptive Order, among other things, the terms, conditions, price, and class of securities to be purchased in respect of a particular investment, the date on which such investment is to be made, and any registration rights applicable thereto, must be generally the same for us and each other participating affiliated entity. The requirements of the Exemptive Order (including any requirements for Board approval thereunder), as well as other regulatory requirements associated with us and other BDCs managed by the Adviser, potentially will impact the investment allocations among other participating accounts (including, for the avoidance of doubt, us) or otherwise impact allocation results. Any changes to the Exemptive Order or the rules and other guidance promulgated by the SEC and its Staff under the 1940 Act could impact allocations made available to us and thereby affect (and potentially decrease) the allocation made to us or otherwise impact the process for allocations in transactions in which we participate.

Previous wording

Recent technological advances in AI pose risks to the Company, the Adviser, and our portfolio investments. The Company and our portfolio investments could also be exposed to the risks of AI if third-party service providers or any counterparties, whether or not known to the Company, also use AI in their business activities. We and our portfolio companies may not be in a position to control the use of AI technology in third-party products or services.

Current wording

The recent technological advances in AI pose risks to the Company, the Adviser, and our portfolio investments. The Company and our portfolio investments could also be exposed to the risks of AI if third-party service providers or any counterparties, whether or not known to the Company, also use AI in their business activities. We and our portfolio companies may not be in a position to control the use of AI technology in third-party products or services.

Previous wording

Our total investment in an individual company may be significant. As a result, if a significant investment fails to perform as expected, it may be subject to multiple credit rating downgrades on our internal rating scale within a short period of time. As a result of such deterioration in the performance of a significant investment, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be more negatively affected and the magnitude of the loss could be more significant than if we had made smaller investments in more companies.

Current wording

Our total investment in an individual company may be significant. As a result, if a significant investment fails to perform as expected, it may be subject to multiple credit rating downgrades on our internal rating scale within a short period of time. As a result of such deterioration in the performance of a significant investment, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be more negatively affected and the magnitude of the loss could be more significant than if we had made smaller investments in more companies. Our concentration in technology sectors may amplify these risks, as U.S. tariff and trade policy changes and macroeconomic disruptions may disproportionately affect technology companies and the venture capital ecosystem that supports them, potentially causing simultaneous losses across multiple portfolio companies.

Previous wording

Venture capital firms in turn rely on their limited partners to pay in capital over time in order to fund their ongoing and future investment activities. To the extent that venture capital firms’ limited partners are unable or choose not to fulfill their ongoing funding obligations, the venture capital firms may be unable to continue operationally and/or financially supporting the ongoing operations of our portfolio companies, which could have a material adverse impact on our financing arrangement with our portfolio companies.

Current wording

Venture capital firms in turn rely on their limited partners to pay in capital over time in order to fund their ongoing and future investment activities. To the extent that venture capital firms’ limited partners are unable or choose not to fulfill their ongoing funding obligations, the venture capital firms may be unable to continue operationally and/or financially supporting the ongoing operations of our portfolio companies, which could have a material adverse impact on our financing arrangement with our portfolio companies. The prolonged period of reduced IPO and M&A exit activity since 2022 has resulted in a significant decline in distributions from venture capital funds to their limited partners. As a result, many venture capital funds may be operating well beyond their originally contemplated fund lifecycles, and their general partners may face growing pressure from limited partners to return capital, wind down funds, or pursue secondary sales of portfolio company positions. These dynamics may reduce the willingness and ability of venture capital sponsors to make follow-on investments in our portfolio companies at critical junctures. Furthermore, reduced distributions from venture capital funds may impair limited partners’ ability to satisfy future capital calls, increasing the risk of limited partner default events that could further disrupt the financial support available to our portfolio companies.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, our unfunded commitments totaled $104.5 million to 14 portfolio companies. Our credit agreements generally contain customary lending provisions that allow us relief from funding obligations for previously made commitments in instances where the underlying company experiences material adverse events that affect the financial condition or business outlook for the company. We cannot assure you that any of these unfunded commitments or any future obligations will be drawn by our portfolio companies. We have also entered into commitments with certain portfolio companies that permit an increase in the commitment amount in the future in the event that conditions to such increases are met. If such conditions to increase are met, these amounts may become unfunded commitments if not drawn prior to expiration. As of December 31, 2024, we did not have any backlog of potential future commitments.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, our unfunded commitments totaled $260.4 million to 25 portfolio companies. Our credit agreements generally contain customary lending provisions that allow us relief from funding obligations for previously made commitments in instances where the underlying company experiences material adverse events that affect the financial condition or business outlook for the company. We cannot assure you that any of these unfunded commitments or any future obligations will be drawn by our portfolio companies. We have also entered into commitments with certain portfolio companies that permit an increase in the commitment amount in the future in the event that conditions to such increases are met. If such conditions to increase are met, these amounts may become unfunded commitments if not drawn prior to expiration. As of December 31, 2025, we had a $0.3 million backlog of potential future commitments.

Previous wording

The actual borrowing needs of our portfolio companies may exceed our expected funding requirements, especially during a challenging economic environment when our portfolio companies may be more dependent on our credit commitments due to the lack of available credit elsewhere, an increasing cost of credit or the limited availability of financing from venture capital firms. In addition, investors in some of our portfolio companies may fail to meet their underlying investment commitments due to liquidity or other financing issues, which may increase our portfolio companies’ borrowing needs. Any failure to meet our unfunded credit commitments in accordance with the actual borrowing needs of our portfolio companies may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We intend to use cash flow from normal and early principal repayments, indebtedness, any proceeds from any subsequent equity or debt offerings, and available cash to fund our outstanding unfunded obligations. However, there can be no assurance that we will have sufficient capital available to fund these commitments as they become due. We may rely on assumptions, estimates, assurances and other information related to potential non-utilization of unfunded commitments by our portfolio companies as well as related to potential exit events, principal prepayments, and fee payments. To the extent these assumptions, estimates, assurances and other information are incorrect or events are delayed, we may not be able to fund commitments as they become due. To the extent we are not able to fund commitments as they come due, we may be forced to sell assets, modify the terms of our commitments or default on our commitments, and as a result, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

Current wording

In addition, investors in some of our portfolio companies may fail to meet their underlying investment commitments due to liquidity or other financing issues, which may increase our portfolio companies’ borrowing needs. Any failure to meet our unfunded credit commitments in accordance with the actual borrowing needs of our portfolio companies may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We intend to use cash flow from normal and early principal repayments, indebtedness, any proceeds from any subsequent equity or debt offerings, and available cash to fund our outstanding unfunded obligations. However, there can be no assurance that we will have sufficient capital available to fund these commitments as they become due. We may rely on assumptions, estimates, assurances and other information related to potential non-utilization of unfunded commitments by our portfolio companies as well as related to potential exit events, principal prepayments, and fee payments. To the extent these assumptions, estimates, assurances and other information are incorrect or events are delayed, we may not be able to fund commitments as they become due. To the extent we are not able to fund commitments as they come due, we may be forced to sell assets, modify the terms of our commitments or default on our commitments, and as a result, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

Previous wording

Our investment strategy contemplates making investments in foreign companies. As of December 31, 2024, 37.0% of our portfolio at fair value consisted of investments in foreign companies, including investments in European companies. Investing in such companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, intellectual property laws, political and social instability, limitations on our ability to perfect our security interests, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, matters relating to non-U.S. brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility. In addition, we expect that investing in such companies will expose us to higher administrative, legal and monitoring costs and expenses not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies.

Current wording

Investing in such companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, intellectual property laws, political and social instability, limitations on our ability to perfect our security interests, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, matters relating to non-U.S. brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility. In addition, we expect that investing in such companies will expose us to higher administrative, legal and monitoring costs and expenses not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies.

Previous wording

Our cash distributions to stockholders will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock unless such stockholder has specifically “opted out” of our dividend reinvestment plan so as to receive cash distributions. In addition, we may in the future distribute taxable dividends that are payable in part in shares of our common stock. In accordance with certain applicable U.S. Treasury regulations and published guidance issued by the IRS, a RIC may treat a distribution of its own common stock as fulfilling the RIC distribution requirements if each stockholder may elect to receive his or her entire distribution in either cash or common stock of the RIC, subject to a limitation that the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed to all stockholders must be at least 20% of the aggregate declared distribution. If too many stockholders elect to receive cash, the cash available for distribution must be allocated among the stockholders electing to receive cash (with the balance of the distribution paid in stock). In no event will any stockholder electing to receive cash receive less than the lesser of (a) the portion of the distribution such stockholder has elected to receive in cash or (b) an amount equal to his or her entire distribution times the percentage limitation on cash available for distribution. If these and certain other requirements are met, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the amount of the dividend paid in common stock will be equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead of common stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income (or as long-term capital gain to the extent such distribution is properly reported as a capital gain dividend) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. stockholder may be required to pay tax with respect to such dividends in excess of any cash received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common stock. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock.

Current wording

Our cash distributions to stockholders will be automatically reinvested (net of applicable withholding tax) in additional shares of our common stock unless such stockholder has specifically “opted out” of our dividend reinvestment plan so as to receive cash distributions. In addition, we may in the future distribute taxable dividends that are payable in part in shares of our common stock. In accordance with certain applicable U.S. Treasury regulations and published guidance issued by the IRS, a RIC may treat a distribution of its own common stock as fulfilling the RIC distribution requirements if each stockholder may elect to receive his or her entire distribution in either cash or common stock of the RIC, subject to a limitation that the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed to all stockholders must be at least 20% of the aggregate declared distribution. If too many stockholders elect to receive cash, the cash available for distribution must be allocated among the stockholders electing to receive cash (with the balance of the distribution paid in stock). In no event will any stockholder electing to receive cash receive less than the lesser of (a) the portion of the distribution such stockholder has elected to receive in cash or (b) an amount equal to his or her entire distribution times the percentage limitation on cash available for distribution. If these and certain other requirements are met, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the amount of the dividend paid in common stock will be equal to the amount of cash that could have been received instead of common stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income (or as long-term capital gain to the extent such distribution is properly reported as a capital gain dividend) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. stockholder may be required to pay tax with respect to such dividends in excess of any cash received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common stock. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock.

Previous wording

If debt securities are redeemable at our option, such as the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes (as defined in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Developments”), we may choose to redeem debt securities at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on debt securities. In addition, if debt securities are subject to mandatory redemption, we may be required to redeem debt securities also at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on debt securities. In this circumstance, an investor may not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as the debt securities being redeemed.

Current wording

If debt securities are redeemable at our option, such as the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the $75,000,000 in aggregate principal outstanding amount of our 7.50% notes due 2028 (the “7.50% 2028 Notes”) we may choose to redeem debt securities at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on debt securities. In addition, if debt securities are subject to mandatory redemption, we may be required to redeem debt securities also at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on debt securities. In this circumstance, an investor may not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as the debt securities being redeemed.

Previous wording

Subject to the terms of the governing agreements, we may redeem the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and/or the 2028 Notes in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at our option at par plus accrued interest to the prepayment date and, if applicable, a make-whole premium. In addition, we are obligated to offer to prepay the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes at par plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the date of prepayment, if certain change in control events occur.

Current wording

Subject to the terms of the governing agreements, we may redeem the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and/or the 7.50% 2028 Notes in whole or in part at any time or from time to time at our option at par plus accrued interest to the prepayment date and, if applicable, a make-whole premium. In addition, we are obligated to offer to prepay the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and/or the 7.50% 2028 Notes at par plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the date of prepayment, if certain change in control events occur.

Previous wording

Our outstanding notesare unsecured and therefore are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we have currently incurred or may incur in the future.

Current wording

Our outstanding notes are unsecured and therefore are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we have currently incurred or may incur in the future.

Previous wording

The 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes are not secured by any of our assets or any of the assets of our subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsubordinated, unsecured indebtedness. As a result, the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we or our subsidiaries have currently incurred and may incur in the future (or any indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant security) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future secured indebtedness and the secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness in order to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes.

Current wording

The 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes are not secured by any of our assets or any of the assets of our subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsubordinated, unsecured indebtedness. As a result, the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we or our subsidiaries have currently incurred and may incur in the future (or any indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant security) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future secured indebtedness and the secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness in order to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes.

Previous wording

The 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes are obligations exclusively of TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. and not of any of our subsidiaries. None of our current subsidiaries is a guarantor of the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes or the 2028 Notes, and the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes are generally not required to be guaranteed by any subsidiaries we may acquire or create in the future. Except to the extent we are a creditor with recognized claims against our subsidiaries, all claims of other creditors of our subsidiaries, including claims under the Credit Facility, have priority over our equity interests in such subsidiaries (and therefore over the claims of our creditors, including holders of the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes) with respect to the assets of such subsidiaries. Even if we are recognized as a creditor of one or more of our subsidiaries, our claims would still be effectively subordinated to any security interests in the assets of any such subsidiary and to any indebtedness or other liabilities of any such subsidiary senior to our claims, including under the Credit Facility. Consequently, the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes, as well as any additional notes issued under the terms of the governing note purchase agreements, are or will be structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of any of our subsidiaries and any subsidiaries that we may in the future acquire or establish. In addition, our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, including under the Credit Facility or otherwise, all of which would be structurally senior to the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes.

Current wording

The 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes are obligations exclusively of TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. and not of any of our subsidiaries. None of our current subsidiaries is a guarantor of the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes, and the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes are generally not required to be guaranteed by any subsidiaries we may acquire or create in the future. Except to the extent we are a creditor with recognized claims against our subsidiaries, all claims of other creditors of our subsidiaries, including claims under the Credit Facility, have priority over our equity interests in such subsidiaries (and therefore over the claims of our creditors, including holders of the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 202) with respect to the assets of such subsidiaries. Even if we are recognized as a creditor of one or more of our subsidiaries, our claims would still be effectively subordinated to any security interests in the assets of any such subsidiary and to any indebtedness or other liabilities of any such subsidiary senior to our claims, including under the Credit Facility. Consequently, the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes, as well as any additional notes issued under the terms of the governing note purchase agreements, are or will be structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of any of our subsidiaries and any subsidiaries that we may in the future acquire or establish. In addition, our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, including under the Credit Facility or otherwise, all of which would be structurally senior to the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes.

Previous wording

A downgrade, suspension or withdrawal of the credit rating, if any, assigned by a rating agency to us or any of our outstanding unsecured notes, including the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes, and the 2028 Notes or change in the debt markets could cause the liquidity or market value of our securities to decline significantly.

Current wording

A downgrade, suspension or withdrawal of the credit rating, if any, assigned by a rating agency to us or any of our outstanding unsecured notes, including the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes or change in the debt markets could cause the liquidity or market value of our securities to decline significantly.

Previous wording

Our credit ratings are an assessment by rating agencies of our ability to pay our debts when due. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the value and trading prices, if any, of our outstanding unsecured notes, including the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes. These credit ratings may not reflect the potential impact of risks relating to the structure or marketing of the notes. Credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time by the issuing organization in its sole discretion. We undertake no obligation to maintain our credit ratings or to advise any holders of our unsecured notes of any changes in our credit ratings, except as may be required under the terms of any applicable indenture or other governing document, including the note purchase agreements and applicable supplements that govern our outstanding unsecured notes. There can be no assurance that our credit ratings will remain for any given period of time or that such credit ratings will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by the rating agency if in their judgment future circumstances relating to the basis of the credit ratings, such as adverse changes in our business or operations, so warrant. Any downgrades to us or our securities could increase our cost of capital or otherwise have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In this regard, the fixed rates of the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes are subject to increases in the event that a certain below-investment-grade events occur, as set forth in the applicable note purchase agreements and applicable supplements. The conditions of the financial markets and prevailing interest rates have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future, which could have an adverse effect on the market prices and value of our unsecured notes.

Current wording

Our credit ratings are an assessment by rating agencies of our ability to pay our debts when due. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the value and trading prices, if any, of our outstanding unsecured notes, including the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes. These credit ratings may not reflect the potential impact of risks relating to the structure or marketing of the notes. Credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time by the issuing organization in its sole discretion. We undertake no obligation to maintain our credit ratings or to advise any holders of our unsecured notes of any changes in our credit ratings, except as may be required under the terms of any applicable indenture or other governing document, including the note purchase agreements and applicable supplements that govern our outstanding unsecured notes. There can be no assurance that our credit ratings will remain for any given period of time or that such credit ratings will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by the rating agency if in their judgment future circumstances relating to the basis of the credit ratings, such as adverse changes in our business or operations, so warrant. Any downgrades to us or our securities could increase our cost of capital or otherwise have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In this regard, the fixed rates of the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes are subject to increases in the event that a certain below-investment-grade events occur, as set forth in the applicable note purchase agreements and applicable supplements. The conditions of the financial markets and prevailing interest rates have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future, which could have an adverse effect on the market prices and value of our unsecured notes.

Previous wording

In addition, deterioration in the economic conditions in the Eurozone and other regions or countries globally and the resulting instability in global financial markets may pose a risk to our business. Financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic events, including but not limited to the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging markets jurisdictions, levels of non‑performing loans on the balance sheets of European banks, instability in the Chinese capital markets and the lingering global health crises. Global market and economic disruptions have affected, and may in the future affect, the U.S. capital markets, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We cannot assure you that market disruptions in Europe and other regions or countries, including the increased cost of funding for certain governments and financial institutions, will not impact the global economy, and we cannot assure you that assistance packages will be available, or if available, be sufficient to stabilize countries and markets in Europe or other regions affected by a financial crisis. To the extent uncertainty regarding any economic recovery in Europe or elsewhere negatively impacts consumer confidence and consumer credit factors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected. Moreover, there is a risk of both sector-specific and broad-based corrections and/or downturns in the equity and credit markets. Any of the foregoing could have a significant impact on the markets in which we operate and could have a material adverse impact on our business prospects and financial condition.

Current wording

In addition, deterioration in the economic conditions in the Eurozone and other regions or countries globally and the resulting instability in global financial markets may pose a risk to our business. Financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic events, including but not limited to the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging markets jurisdictions, levels of non‑performing loans on the balance sheets of European banks, instability in the Chinese capital markets and the lingering global health crises. Global market and economic disruptions have affected, and may in the future affect, the U.S. capital markets, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We cannot assure you that market disruptions the United States or other regions or countries, including the increased cost of funding for certain governments and financial institutions, will not impact the global economy. To the extent uncertainty regarding any economic conditions in the United States or elsewhere negatively impacts consumer confidence and consumer credit factors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected. Moreover, there is a risk of both sector-specific and broad-based corrections and/or downturns in the equity and credit markets. Any of the foregoing could have a significant impact on the markets in which we operate and could have a material adverse impact on our business prospects and financial condition.

Previous wording

Various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world that are outside our control may also contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. Such events, including trade tensions between the United States and China, other uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. and foreign trade, economic and other policies with other countries, the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East and health epidemics and pandemics, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Additionally, following the 2024 U.S. election, legislation may be adopted that could significantly affect the regulation of U.S. financial markets. Regulatory changes could result in greater competition from banks and other lenders with which we compete for lending and other investment opportunities. The United States may also potentially withdraw from or renegotiate various trade agreements and take other actions that would change current trade policies of the United States. These market and economic disruptions could negatively impact the operating results of our portfolio companies. This could in turn materially reduce our net asset value and dividends and adversely affect our financial prospects and condition.

Current wording

Various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world that are outside our control may also contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. Such events, including trade tensions between the United States and China and other countries, other uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. and foreign trade, economic and other policies with other countries, the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East and health epidemics and pandemics, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, developments related to U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of new or increased tariffs by the United States or retaliatory measures by trading partners, have increased global trade uncertainty and contributed to financial market volatility, which may adversely affect economic conditions and the operating results of our portfolio companies. Additionally, following the 2024 U.S. election, legislation may be adopted that could significantly affect the regulation of U.S. financial markets. Regulatory changes could result in greater competition from banks and other lenders with which we compete for lending and other investment opportunities. The United States may also potentially withdraw from or renegotiate various trade agreements and take other actions that would change current trade policies of the United States. These market and economic disruptions could negatively impact the operating results of our portfolio companies. This could in turn materially reduce our net asset value and dividends and adversely affect our financial prospects and condition.

Previous wording

Market conditions may in the future make it difficult to extend the maturity of or refinance our existing indebtedness, including the Credit Facility, the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Note, the 2027 Notes and the 2028 Notes, and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business. If we are unable to raise or refinance debt, then our equity investors may not benefit from the potential for increased returns on equity resulting from leverage and we may be limited in our ability to make new commitments or to fund existing commitments to our portfolio companies. In addition, the illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments if required. As a result, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have recorded our investments.

Current wording

Market conditions may in the future make it difficult to extend the maturity of or refinance our existing indebtedness, including the Credit Facility, the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes, and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business. If we are unable to raise or refinance debt, then our equity investors may not benefit from the potential for increased returns on equity resulting from leverage and we may be limited in our ability to make new commitments or to fund existing commitments to our portfolio companies. In addition, the illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments if required. As a result, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have recorded our investments.

Previous wording

Developments related to any such pandemic may contribute to a decrease in the fair value of certain of our portfolio investments. In addition, such a pandemic and the related disruption and financial distress that may be experienced by our portfolio companies may have a material adverse effect on our investment income received from portfolio investments, particularly our interest income. Any decreases in our net investment income would increase the portion of our cash flows dedicated to servicing any then-existing borrowings, including under the Credit Facility, the 2025 Notes, the 2026 Notes, the 2027 Notes, and the 2028 Notes, and distribution payments to stockholders.

Current wording

Developments related to any such pandemic may contribute to a decrease in the fair value of certain of our portfolio investments. In addition, such a pandemic and the related disruption and financial distress that may be experienced by our portfolio companies may have a material adverse effect on our investment income received from portfolio investments, particularly our interest income. Any decreases in our net investment income would increase the portion of our cash flows dedicated to servicing any then-existing borrowings, including under the Credit Facility, the 2027 Notes, the 8.11% 2028 Notes and the 7.50% 2028 Notes, and distribution payments to stockholders.

Previous wording

A lack of IPO or merger and acquisition, or M&A, opportunities for private companies, including venture capital-backed and institutional-backed companies could lead to portfolio companies staying longer in our portfolio as private entities still requiring funding. IPO activity in particular has slowed significantly during 2022-2023 and this trend, while improved in 2024, may remain for the foreseeable future. This situation may adversely affect the amount of available funding for early-stage companies in particular as, in general, venture capital, institutional, and other sponsor firms are being forced to provide additional financing to late-stage companies that cannot complete an IPO or M&A transaction. In the best case, such stagnation would dampen returns, and in the worst case, could lead to unrealized depreciation and realized losses as some portfolio companies run short of cash and have to accept lower valuations in private fundings or are not able to access additional capital at all. A lack of IPO or M&A opportunities for private companies can also cause some venture capital, institutional, and other sponsor firms to change their strategies, leading some of them to reduce funding to their portfolio companies and making it more difficult for such companies to access capital and to fulfill their potential, which can result in unrealized depreciation and realized losses in such portfolio companies by other companies, such as ourselves, who are co-investors in such portfolio companies.

Current wording

A lack of IPO or merger and acquisition, or M&A, opportunities for private companies, including venture capital-backed and institutional-backed companies could lead to portfolio companies staying longer in our portfolio as private entities still requiring funding. IPO activity slowed significantly during 2022-2023 and, while there was some improvement in 2024 and 2025, activity has not returned to historical norms; the broader environment for technology company IPOs remains uncertain, subject to significant market volatility—including volatility driven by U.S. tariff policy announcements—elevated interest rate conditions, and macroeconomic uncertainty, any of which could further delay or diminish exit activity. This situation may adversely affect the amount of available funding for early-stage companies in particular as, in general, venture capital, institutional, and other sponsor firms are being forced to provide additional financing to late-stage companies that cannot complete an IPO or M&A transaction. In the best case, such stagnation would dampen returns, and in the worst case, could lead to unrealized depreciation and realized losses as some portfolio companies run short of cash and have to accept lower valuations in private fundings or are not able to access additional capital at all. A lack of IPO or M&A opportunities for private companies can also cause some venture capital, institutional, and other sponsor firms to change their strategies, leading some of them to reduce funding to their portfolio companies and making it more difficult for such companies to access capital and to fulfill their potential, which can result in unrealized depreciation and realized losses in such portfolio companies by other companies, such as ourselves, who are co-investors in such portfolio companies. The continued constraint on exit activity has also had an adverse impact on venture capital firms’ ability to raise new funds, further limiting the capital available to support our portfolio companies at critical junctures and increasing the risk that portfolio companies will be unable to obtain the ongoing equity financing they typically require to service our loans.

Previous wording

From time to time, capital markets may experience periods of disruption and instability. Such disruptions may result in, amongst other things, write-offs, the re-pricing of credit risk, the failure of financial institutions or worsening general economic conditions, any of which could materially and adversely impact the broader financial and credit markets and reduce the availability of debt and equity capital for the market as a whole and financial services firms in particular. There can be no assurance these market conditions will not occur or worsen in the future, including economic and political events in or affecting the world’s major economies, such as the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East. Sanctions imposed by the U.S. and other countries in connection with hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and the tensions between China and Taiwan have caused additional financial market volatility and affected the global economy. Concerns over future increases in inflation, economic recession, as well as interest rate volatility and fluctuations in oil and gas prices resulting from global production and demand levels, as well as geopolitical tension, have exacerbated market volatility. Market uncertainty and volatility have also been magnified as a result of the 2024 U.S. presidential and congressional elections and resulting uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. and foreign, trade, economic and other policies, including with respect to treaties and tariffs.

Current wording

From time to time, capital markets may experience periods of disruption and instability. Such disruptions may result in, amongst other things, write-offs, the re-pricing of credit risk, the failure of financial institutions or worsening general economic conditions, any of which could materially and adversely impact the broader financial and credit markets and reduce the availability of debt and equity capital for the market as a whole and financial services firms in particular. There can be no assurance these market conditions will not occur or worsen in the future, including economic and political events in or affecting the world’s major economies, such as the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East. Sanctions imposed by the U.S. and other countries in connection with hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and the tensions between China and Taiwan have caused additional financial market volatility and affected the global economy. Concerns over future increases in inflation, economic recession, as well as interest rate volatility and fluctuations in oil and gas prices resulting from global production and demand levels, as well as geopolitical tension, have exacerbated market volatility. Market uncertainty and volatility have also been significantly magnified as a result of the 2024 U.S. presidential and congressional elections and the resulting policy changes, including the imposition of sweeping new tariffs beginning in 2025, uncertainty regarding ongoing trade negotiations and potential retaliatory measures by U.S. trading partners, and potential significant changes to U.S. regulatory, fiscal, immigration, and monetary policies, all of which have created elevated and ongoing volatility in financial markets.

Previous wording

Certain of our portfolio companies are in industries that have been impacted by inflation. Recent inflationary pressures have increased the costs of labor, energy and raw materials and have adversely affected consumer spending, economic growth and our portfolio companies’ operations. If such portfolio companies are unable to pass any increases in their costs of operations along to their customers, it could adversely affect their operating results and impact their ability to pay interest and principal on our loans, particularly if interest rates rise in response to inflation. In addition, any projected future decreases in our portfolio companies’ operating results due to inflation could adversely impact the fair value of those investments. Any decreases in the fair value of our investments could result in future realized or unrealized losses and therefore reduce our net assets resulting from operations.

Current wording

Certain of our portfolio companies are in industries that have been impacted by inflation. Recent inflationary pressures have increased the costs of labor, energy and raw materials and have adversely affected consumer spending, economic growth and our portfolio companies’ operations. If such portfolio companies are unable to pass any increases in their costs of operations along to their customers, it could adversely affect their operating results and impact their ability to pay interest and principal on our loans, particularly if interest rates rise in response to inflation. In addition, any projected future decreases in our portfolio companies’ operating results due to inflation could adversely impact the fair value of those investments. Any decreases in the fair value of our investments could result in future realized or unrealized losses and therefore reduce our net assets resulting from operations. Tariff-driven cost increases represent an additional and potentially persistent inflationary pressure. Unlike monetary-policy-driven inflation, tariff-induced cost increases may be structural in nature, as supply-chain reconfigurations and sourcing substitutions required in response to tariffs can take significant time and capital to implement and may not fully offset higher input costs. Portfolio companies that rely on globally integrated supply chains—particularly technology companies dependent on Asian components—may face sustained margin compression as a result of tariff-related cost increases that cannot be fully passed through to customers.
Rearranged previous paragraphs (1)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Our relationship with certain portfolio companies may expose us to our portfolio companies’ trade secrets and confidential information which may require us to be parties to non-disclosure agreements and restrict us from engaging in certain transactions.