PagerDuty, Inc.

Previous wording

Our business involves significant risks, some of which are described below. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with all of the other information in this Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Any of the following risks could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects, and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. Our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material.

Current wording

Our business involves significant risks, some of which are described below. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with all of the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any of the following risks could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or prospects, and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. Our business, results of operations, financial condition, or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material.

Previous wording

We were incorporated in 2010 and have experienced net losses since inception. We generated a net loss attributable to PagerDuty of $75.2 million, $128.4 million, and $107.5 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 respectively, and as of January 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $552.4 million. While we have experienced significant revenue growth in recent periods, we are not certain whether or when we will obtain a high enough volume of sales to sustain or increase our growth or achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We also expect our costs and expenses to increase in future periods, which could negatively affect our future operating results if our revenue does not increase. In particular, we intend to continue to expend significant funds to further develop our platform, including by introducing new products and functionality, and to expand our inside and field sales and customer success teams to drive new customer adoption, expand use cases and integrations, and continue international expansion. We also face increased compliance costs associated with growth, the expansion of our customer base, and being a public company. Our efforts to grow our business may be costlier than we expect, and we may not be able to increase our revenue enough to offset our increased operating expenses. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including the other risks described herein, and unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays, and other unknown events. If we are unable to achieve and sustain profitability, the value of our business and common stock may significantly decrease.

Current wording

We were incorporated in 2010 and have experienced net losses since inception. We generated a net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. of $42.7 million, $75.2 million, and $128.4 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 respectively, and as of January 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $595.2 million. We are not certain whether or when we will obtain a high enough volume of sales to sustain or increase our growth or achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We also expect our costs and expenses to increase in future periods, which could negatively affect our future operating results if our revenue does not increase. In particular, we intend to continue to expend significant funds to further develop our platform, including by introducing new products and functionality, and to expand our inside and field sales and customer success teams to drive new customer adoption, expand use cases and integrations, and continue international expansion. We also face increased compliance costs associated with growth, and the expansion of our customer base. Our efforts to grow our business may be costlier than we expect, and we may not be able to increase our revenue enough to offset our increased operating expenses. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including the other risks described herein, and unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays, and other unknown events. If we are unable to achieve and sustain profitability, the value of our business and common stock may significantly decrease.

Previous wording

Our recent rapid growth may not be indicative of our future growth, and if we continue to grow rapidly, we may not be able to manage our growth effectively. Our rapid growth also makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.

Current wording

Our prior growth may not be indicative of our future growth, and, we may not be able to manage any additional growth effectively. Our growth also makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.

Previous wording

Our revenue was $430.7 million, $370.8 million, and $281.4 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Although we have recently experienced significant growth in our revenue, even if our revenue continues to increase, we expect that our revenue growth rate will decline in the future as a result of a variety of factors, including the maturation of our business. Overall growth of our revenue depends on a number of factors, including our ability to:

Current wording

Our revenue was $467.5 million, $430.7 million, and $370.8 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Although we have historically experienced significant growth in our revenue, even if our revenue continues to increase, our revenue growth rate has declined and may decline in the future as a result of a variety of factors, including the maturation of our business. Overall growth of our revenue depends on a number of factors, including our ability to:

Previous wording

•general administration, including increased legal, accounting, and compliance expenses associated with being a public company.

Current wording

•general administration, including legal, accounting, and compliance expenses associated with operating as public company.

Previous wording

The market segment for digital operations management solutions, particularly enterprise-grade solutions, is still in an early stage of development, and it is uncertain whether this market will develop, and even if it does develop, how rapidly it will develop, how much it will grow, or whether our platform will be widely adopted. Our success will depend, to a substantial extent, on the widespread adoption of our platform as an alternative to existing solutions or adoption by customers that are not using any such solutions at all. Some organizations may be reluctant or unwilling to use our platform for a number of reasons, including concerns about additional costs, uncertainty regarding the reliability and security of cloud-based offerings, or lack of awareness of the benefits of our platform. Our ability to expand sales subscriptions of our platform depends on several factors, including potential customer awareness of our platform; the timely completion, introduction, and market acceptance of enhancements to our platform or new products that we may introduce; our ability to attract, retain, and effectively train inside and field sales personnel; our ability to develop or maintain integrations with partners; the effectiveness of our marketing programs; the costs of our platform; and the success of our competitors. If we are unsuccessful in developing and marketing our platform, or if organizations do not perceive or value the benefits of our platform, the market for our platform might not continue to develop or might develop more slowly than we expect, either of which would harm our growth prospects and operating results.

Current wording

The market segment for digital operations management solutions, particularly enterprise-grade solutions, is still in a relatively early stage of development, and it is uncertain whether this market will continue to develop, how rapidly it will continue to develop, how much it will grow, or whether our platform will be widely adopted. Our success will depend, to a substantial extent, on the widespread adoption of our platform as an alternative to existing solutions or adoption by customers that are not using any such solutions at all. Some organizations may be reluctant or unwilling to use our platform for a number of reasons, including concerns about additional costs, uncertainty regarding the reliability and security of cloud-based offerings, or lack of awareness of the benefits of our platform or preference for other products with similar features that are available, sometimes at no cost, from their existing enterprise software providers. Our ability to expand sales subscriptions of our platform depends on several factors, including potential customer awareness of our platform; the timely completion, introduction, and market acceptance of enhancements to our platform or new products that we may introduce; our ability to attract, retain, and effectively train inside and field sales personnel; our ability to develop or maintain integrations with partners; the effectiveness of our marketing programs; the costs of our platform; and the success of our competitors. If we are unsuccessful in developing and marketing our platform, or if organizations do not perceive or value the benefits of our platform, the market for our platform might not continue to develop or might develop more slowly than we expect, either of which would harm our growth prospects and operating results.

Previous wording

To increase our revenue, we must continue to attract new customers and increase sales to existing customers. As our market segment matures, product and service offerings evolve, and competitors introduce lower cost or differentiated products or services that are perceived to compete with our platform, our ability to sell subscriptions for our products could be impaired. Similarly, our subscription sales could be adversely affected if customers or users within these organizations perceive that features incorporated into competitive products reduce the need for our products or if they prefer to purchase other products that are bundled with solutions offered by other companies, including our partners, that operate in adjacent market segments and compete with our products. As a result of these and other factors, we may be unable to attract new customers, which could have an adverse effect on our business, revenue, gross margins, and other operating results, and accordingly, on the trading price of our common stock.

Current wording

To increase our revenue, we must continue to attract new customers, convert free customers to paying customers and increase sales to existing customers. Our ability to sell subscriptions for our products has in the past been and could in the future be impaired due to competitors introducing lower cost or differentiated products or services that are perceived to compete with our platform, and could also be impaired by market segment maturation and evolution of product and service offerings. Similarly, our subscription sales have in the past been and may in the future be adversely affected by customers or users within these organizations perceiving our products as having premium features that are not essential to their businesses, determining that features incorporated into competitive products reduce the need for our products or preferring to purchase competing products that are bundled with solutions offered by other companies, including our partners, that operate in adjacent market segments. Further, the current macroeconomic environment has made it more difficult to attract new customers and expand with existing customers, as we have seen customers display a higher level of scrutiny with their enterprise software spending and require additional sales support. As a result of these and other factors, we may be unable to attract new customers, which could have an adverse effect on our business, revenue, gross margins, and other operating results, and accordingly, on the trading price of our common stock.

Previous wording

We have undertaken, and may undertake from time to time in the future, certain restructuring efforts to drive more efficient growth and advance our scaling initiatives. We may not realize, in full or in part, the anticipated benefits and savings from these restructuring efforts.

Current wording

We have undertaken, and may undertake from time to time in the future, certain restructuring efforts to drive more efficient growth and advance our scaling initiatives. We may not realize, in full or in part, the anticipated benefits and savings from such restructuring efforts.

Previous wording

Furthermore, these restructuring efforts may be disruptive to our operations. For example, headcount reductions could yield unanticipated consequences, such as attrition beyond planned staff reductions, increased difficulties in our day-to-day operations and reduced employee morale. If employees who were not affected by a reduction in headcount seek alternative employment, this could result in unplanned additional expense to ensure adequate resourcing or harm our productivity. These headcount reductions could also harm our ability to attract and retain qualified management, sales, marketing, engineering, and other personnel who are critical to our business. If we are unable to realize the expected operational efficiencies and cost savings from our restructuring, our operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Current wording

Furthermore, restructuring efforts may be disruptive to our operations. For example, headcount reductions could yield unanticipated consequences, such as attrition beyond planned staff reductions, increased difficulties in our day-to-day operations, and reduced employee morale. If employees who were not affected by a reduction in headcount seek alternative employment, this could result in unplanned additional expense to ensure adequate resourcing or harm our productivity. Headcount reductions could also harm our ability to attract and retain qualified management, sales, marketing, engineering, and other personnel who are critical to our business. If we are unable to realize the expected operational efficiencies and cost savings from a restructuring, our operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Previous wording

To increase our revenue, in addition to selling to new customers, we must retain existing customers and convince them to expand their use of our platform across their organizations — in terms of increasing the number of users, subscribing for additional functionality, and broadening the user base across multiple departments and business units. Our ability to retain our customers and increase the amount of their subscriptions could be impaired for a variety of reasons, including customer reaction to changes in the pricing of our products or the other risks described herein. As a result, we may be unable to renew our subscriptions with existing customers or attract new business from existing customers, which would have an adverse effect on our business, revenue, gross margins, and other operating results, and accordingly, the trading price of our common stock.

Current wording

To increase our revenue, in addition to selling to new customers, we must retain existing customers and convince them to expand their use of our platform across their organizations — in terms of increasing the number of users, subscribing for additional functionality, and broadening the user base across multiple departments and business units. Our ability to retain our customers and increase the amount of their subscriptions could be impaired for a variety of reasons, including customer reaction to changes in the pricing of our products or the other risks described herein such as the macroeconomic environment. As a result, we may be unable to renew our subscriptions with existing customers or attract new business from existing customers, which would have an adverse effect on our business, revenue, gross margins, and other operating results, and accordingly, the trading price of our common stock.

Previous wording

The market for digital operations solutions, particularly enterprise-grade solutions, is highly fragmented, competitive, and constantly evolving. We face substantial competition from in-house solutions, open-source software, manual processes, and software providers that may compete against certain components of our offering, as well as established and emerging software providers. With the introduction of new technologies and entrants, we expect that the competitive environment will remain intense going forward. Some of our actual and potential competitors have been acquired by other larger enterprises and have made or may make acquisitions or may enter into partnerships or other strategic relationships that may provide more comprehensive offerings than they individually had offered or achieve greater economies of scale than we have. For example, some companies that compete with certain components of our offerings include ServiceNow, Atlassian and Splunk (which has announced an agreement to be acquired by Cisco). In addition, new entrants not currently considered to be competitors may enter the space through product development, acquisitions, partnerships, or strategic relationships. As we look to market and sell our platform to potential customers with existing internal solutions, we must convince their internal stakeholders that our platform is superior to their current solutions.

Current wording

The market for digital operations solutions, particularly enterprise-grade solutions, is highly fragmented, competitive, and constantly evolving. We face substantial competition from in-house solutions, open-source software, manual processes, and software providers that may compete against certain components of our offering, as well as established and emerging software providers. With the introduction of emerging AI technologies such as generative AI and agentic AI (“Emerging AI Technologies”), and new market entrants, we expect that the competitive environment will remain intense going forward. For example, our competitors may more successfully incorporate Emerging AI Technologies into their products, gain or leverage superior access to certain technologies, or achieve higher market acceptance of their Emerging AI Technologies solutions. Some of our actual and potential competitors have been acquired by other larger enterprises and have made or may make acquisitions or may enter into partnerships or other strategic relationships that may provide more comprehensive offerings than they individually had offered or achieve greater economies of scale than we have. For example, some companies that compete with certain components of our offerings include ServiceNow, Atlassian, and Splunk (acquired by Cisco). In addition, new entrants not currently considered to be competitors may enter the space through product development, acquisitions, partnerships, or strategic relationships. As we look to market and sell our platform to potential customers with existing internal solutions, we must convince their internal stakeholders that our platform is superior to their current solutions.

Previous wording

Our competitors vary in size and in the breadth and scope of the products and services offered. Many of our competitors and potential competitors have greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more established customer relationships and installed customer bases, larger marketing budgets, and greater resources than we do. Further, other potential competitors not currently offering competitive solutions may expand their product offerings to compete with our platform, or our current and potential competitors may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources and product and services offerings in our addressable market. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, and customer requirements. An existing competitor or new entrant could introduce new technology that reduces demand for our platform. In addition to product and technology competition, we face pricing competition. Some of our competitors offer their solutions at a lower price than our solutions, which has resulted in pricing pressures. Some of our larger competitors, such as Atlassian and Splunk, have the operating flexibility to bundle competing solutions with other offerings, including offering them at a lower price or for no additional cost to customers as part of a larger sale of other products.

Current wording

Our competitors vary in size and in the breadth and scope of the products and services offered. Many of our competitors and potential competitors have greater name recognition, longer operating histories, more established customer relationships and installed customer bases, larger marketing budgets, and greater resources than we do. Further, other potential competitors not currently offering competitive solutions may expand their product offerings to compete with our platform, or our current and potential competitors may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources and product and services offerings in our addressable market. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, and customer requirements. An existing competitor or new entrant could introduce new technology that reduces demand for our platform. In addition to product and technology competition, we face pricing competition. Some of our competitors offer their solutions at a lower price than our solutions, which has resulted in pricing pressures. Some of our larger competitors, such as ServiceNow, Atlassian, and Splunk, have the operating flexibility to bundle competing solutions with other offerings, including offering them at a lower price or for no additional cost to customers as part of a larger sale of other products.

Previous wording

Our platform and related products, including AIOps and Process Automation, are designed to provide quick, reliable alerts, to communicate information frequently during critical business events, such as information relevant to mitigating the damaging effects of system problems, and to automatically remediate systems problems. Due to the nature of such products, we are potentially exposed to greater risks of liability for solution or system failures than may be inherent in other businesses. Although substantially all of our subscription agreements contain provisions limiting our liability to our customers, we cannot assure you that these limitations will be enforced nor that the costs of any litigation related to actual or alleged omissions or failures would not have a material adverse effect on us even if we prevail.

Current wording

Our platform and related products,, including AIOps and Automation, are designed to provide quick, reliable alerts, to communicate information frequently during critical business events, such as information relevant to mitigating the damaging effects of system problems, and to automatically remediate systems problems. Due to the nature of such products, we are potentially exposed to greater risks of liability for solution or system failures than may be inherent in other businesses. Although substantially all of our subscription agreements contain provisions limiting our liability to our customers, we cannot assure you that these limitations will be enforced nor that the costs of any litigation related to actual or alleged omissions or failures would not have a material adverse effect on us even if we prevail.

Previous wording

Any of these and other factors, or the cumulative effect of some of these factors, may cause our results of operations to vary significantly. In addition, we expect to continue to incur significant additional expenses due to the increased costs of operating as a public company. If our annual results of operations fall below the expectations of investors and securities analysts who follow our stock, the price of our common stock could decline substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.

Current wording

Any of these and other factors, or the cumulative effect of some of these factors, may cause our results of operations to vary significantly. If our annual results of operations fall below the expectations of investors and securities analysts who follow our stock, the price of our common stock could decline substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.

Previous wording

We recognize revenue for our cloud-hosted software subscription fees over the term of our subscription agreement, and our subscriptions are generally one year in duration but can range from monthly to multi-year. As a result, much of our revenue is generated from cloud-hosted software subscriptions entered into during previous periods. Consequently, a decline in demand for our platform or a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not significantly reduce our revenue for that quarter but could negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Our revenue recognition model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through the sale of additional cloud-hosted software subscriptions in any period, as revenue from customers is recognized over the applicable term of their cloud-hosted subscriptions.

Current wording

We recognize revenue for our cloud-hosted software subscription fees over the term of our subscription agreement, and our subscriptions are typically one year in duration but can range from monthly to multi-year. As a result, much of our revenue is generated from cloud-hosted software subscriptions entered into during previous periods. Consequently, a decline in demand for our platform or a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may not significantly reduce our revenue for that quarter but could negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Our revenue recognition model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through the sale of additional cloud-hosted software subscriptions in any period, as revenue from customers is recognized over the applicable term of their cloud-hosted subscriptions.

Previous wording

The first fiscal quarter of each year is usually our lowest billings and bookings quarter. In fact, billings and bookings during our first fiscal quarter are typically lower than the prior fiscal fourth quarter. We believe that this results from the procurement, budgeting, and deployment cycles of many of our customers, particularly our enterprise customers. We expect that this seasonality will continue to affect our billings, bookings, and other operating results in the future as we continue to target larger enterprise customers.

Current wording

The first fiscal quarter of each year is usually our lowest billings and bookings quarter. Billings and bookings during our first fiscal quarter are typically lower than the prior fiscal fourth quarter. We believe that this results from the procurement, budgeting, and deployment cycles of many of our customers, particularly our enterprise customers. We expect that this seasonality will continue to affect our billings, bookings, and other operating results in the future as we continue to target larger enterprise customers.

Previous wording

The market in which we compete is relatively new and subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, and changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements, and preferences. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis. In particular, advancements in technology such as artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning (“ML”) are changing the technology landscape, and businesses that are slow to adopt these new technologies may face a competitive disadvantage. If we were unable to continue enhancing and evolving our digital operations platform or delivering new products that keep pace with rapid technological and regulatory change, or if new technologies emerge that are able to deliver competitive value at lower prices, more efficiently, more conveniently, more reliably, or more securely than our products, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Current wording

The market in which we compete is relatively new and subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, and changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements, and preferences. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis. In particular, advancements in technology such as AI and ML are changing the technology landscape, and businesses that are slow to adopt these new technologies may face a competitive disadvantage. If we were unable to continue enhancing and evolving our digital operations platform or delivering new products that keep pace with rapid technological and regulatory change, or if new technologies emerge that are able to deliver competitive value at lower prices, more efficiently, more conveniently, more reliably, or more securely than our products, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Previous wording

Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our digital operations platform will depend to a significant extent on our ability to expand our marketing and sales organizations. We plan to continue expanding our direct sales force and partners, both domestically and internationally. We also plan to dedicate significant resources to sales and marketing programs, including inbound marketing and online advertising. The effectiveness of these programs has varied over time and may vary in the future due to competition for key search terms, changes in search engine use, changes in the search algorithms used by major search engines and the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”), the United Kingdom’s GDPR (“U.K. GDPR”) and other similar data privacy initiatives. All of these efforts will require us to invest significant financial and other resources. Our business and operating results will be harmed if our sales and marketing efforts do not generate significant increases in revenue. We may not achieve anticipated revenue growth from expanding our sales force if we are unable to hire, develop, integrate, and retain talented and effective sales personnel, if our new and existing sales personnel, on the whole, are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, or if our sales and marketing programs are not effective.

Current wording

Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our digital operations platform will depend to a significant extent on our ability to expand our marketing and sales organizations. We plan to continue expanding our direct sales force and partners, both domestically and internationally. We also plan to continue dedicating significant resources to sales and marketing programs, including inbound marketing and online advertising. The effectiveness of these programs has varied over time and may vary in the future due to competition for key search terms, changes in search engine use, changes in the search algorithms used by major search engines and the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”), the United Kingdom’s GDPR (“U.K. GDPR”) and other similar data privacy initiatives. All of these efforts have required and will require us to continue to invest significant financial and other resources. Our business and operating results will be harmed if our sales and marketing efforts do not generate significant increases in revenue. We may not achieve anticipated revenue growth from expanding our sales force if we are unable to hire, develop, integrate, and retain talented and effective sales personnel, if our new and existing sales personnel, on the whole, are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, or if our sales and marketing programs are not effective.

Previous wording

While we rely predominantly on self-service purchases to establish new customer relationships, our inside and field sales teams target expansion opportunities with existing mid-market and enterprise customers. Sales to new and existing mid-market and enterprise customers involve risks that may not be present to the same extent or at all with sales to smaller organizations. As we seek to increase our sales to mid-market and enterprise customers, we face more complex customer requirements, substantial upfront sales costs, less predictability, and, in some cases, longer sales cycles than we do with smaller customers. With mid-market and enterprise customers, the decision to subscribe to our platform frequently may require the approval of multiple management personnel and more technical personnel than would be typical of a smaller organization, and accordingly, sales to mid-market and enterprise customers may require us to invest more time educating these decision makers. Purchases by mid-market and larger enterprise customers are also frequently subject to budget constraints and unplanned administrative, processing, and other delays. Our ability to successfully sell our platform to mid-market and larger enterprise customers is also dependent upon the effectiveness of our sales force. In addition, if we are unable to increase sales of our platform to mid-market and larger enterprise customers while mitigating the risks associated with serving such customers, our business, financial position, and operating results may be adversely affected.

Current wording

While we rely predominantly on self-service purchases to establish new customer relationships, our inside and field sales teams target expansion opportunities with existing mid-market and enterprise customers. Sales to new and existing mid-market and enterprise customers involve risks that may not be present to the same extent or at all with sales to smaller organizations. As we continue to focus on increasing our sales to mid-market and enterprise customers, we face more complex customer requirements, substantial upfront sales costs, less predictability, and, in some cases, longer sales cycles than we do with smaller customers. With mid-market and enterprise customers, the decision to subscribe to our platform frequently may require the approval of multiple management personnel and more technical personnel than would be typical of a smaller organization, and accordingly, sales to mid-market and enterprise customers may require us to invest more time educating these decision makers. Purchases by mid-market and larger enterprise customers are also frequently subject to budget constraints and unplanned administrative, processing, and other delays. Our ability to successfully sell our platform to mid-market and larger enterprise customers is also dependent upon the effectiveness of our sales force. For example, in the quarter ended October 31, 2024, several large enterprise deals were delayed due to extended procurement processes and sales cycles, which negatively impacted our results of operations. Our business increasingly depends on closing larger, more complex enterprise transactions with longer sales cycles, making our results more difficult to predict. Any shortfall in execution or delays in large deal closings could adversely impact our operating results in future periods. If we are unable to increase sales of our platform to mid-market and larger enterprise customers while mitigating the risks associated with serving such customers, our business, financial position, and operating results may be adversely affected.

Previous wording

Our results of operations may vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the global economy on us or our customers and potential customers. Negative conditions in the general economy both in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, rising inflation, rising interest rates, bank failures, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, weakening exchange rates, international trade relations, political turmoil, natural catastrophes, health epidemics or pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), military conflicts (such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine or the conflict in Israel and the surrounding areas), and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe, the Asia Pacific region, Japan, or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in business investments, including spending on information technology, and negatively affect the growth of our business. In addition, the United States has recently experienced historically high levels of inflation. The rising inflation may increase our supply, employee and facilities costs and decrease demand for our products. Furthermore, if our customers are materially negatively impacted by these factors, such as being unable to access their existing cash to fulfill their payment obligations to us due to future bank failures, our business could be negatively impacted. Competitors, many of whom are larger and have greater financial resources than we do, may respond to challenging market conditions by lowering prices in an attempt to attract our customers. In addition, the increased pace of consolidation in certain industries may result in reduced overall spending on our products. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown, instability, or recovery, generally or within any particular industry or how any such event may impact our business.

Current wording

Our results of operations may vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the global economy on us or our customers and potential customers. Negative conditions in the general economy both in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, heightened inflation and interest rates, bank failures, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, exchange rate fluctuations, international trade relations, political turmoil, natural catastrophes, health epidemics or pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe, the Asia Pacific region, Japan, or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in business investments, including spending on information technology, and negatively affect the growth of our business. In particular, the United States has recently experienced historically high levels of inflation, which has increased and may continue to increase our supply, employee and facilities costs and may decrease demand for our products. Furthermore, our customers have in the past and may in the future be materially negatively impacted by these factors, which has in the past caused and may in the future cause them to reduce their budgets, decrease their spending due to capital constraints, or be unable to fulfill their payment obligations to us, and our business could be negatively impacted. Competitors, many of whom are larger and have greater financial resources than we do, have responded and may in the future respond to challenging market conditions by lowering prices, bundling offerings or providing more customer support in an attempt to attract our customers. In addition, the increased pace of consolidation amongst customers and potential customers, such as those with established IT functions that render our products less relevant, may result in reduced overall spending on our products. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown, instability, or recovery, generally or within any particular industry or how any such event may impact our business.

Previous wording

We are increasingly building AI capabilities into many of our products and services. Concerns relating to the responsible use of new and evolving technologies, such as AI, in our offerings may result in reputational and/or financial harm and liability and may cause us to incur costs to resolve such issues. AI poses emerging legal, social, and ethical issues and presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. If our offerings draw controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on society, such as AI solutions that have unintended consequences or are controversial because of their impact on human rights, privacy, employment, or other social, economic, or political issues, or if we are unable to develop effective internal policies and frameworks relating to the responsible development and use of AI models and systems, we may experience brand, reputational, and/or competitive harm, or could face legal liability. Complying with multiple regulations from different jurisdictions related to AI could increase our cost of doing business, may change the way that we operate in certain jurisdictions, or may impede our ability to offer certain products and services in certain jurisdictions if we are unable to comply with regulations. Our failure to address concerns and regulation relating to the responsible use of AI could slow adoption of AI in our products and services or cause reputational and/or financial harm.

Current wording

We are increasingly building AI capabilities into many of our products and services, including through the launch of PagerDuty Advance and AIOps. Concerns relating to the responsible use of new and evolving technologies, such as Emerging AI Technologies, in our offerings may result in reputational and/or financial harm and liability and may cause us to incur costs to resolve such issues. For example, Emerging AI Technologies may be insufficient, biased, inaccurate, or of poor quality, which could result in customer legal allegations for outcomes of our products, rejection or skepticism of our products, affect our reputation and brand, and negatively affect our financial results. Furthermore, Emerging AI Technologies pose emerging legal, social, and ethical issues and present risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. If our offerings draw controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on society, such as Emerging AI Technologies solutions that have unintended consequences or are controversial because of their impact on critical infrastructure, human rights, privacy, employment, or other social, economic, or political issues, or if we are unable to develop and implement effective internal policies and frameworks relating to the responsible development and use of AI models and systems, we may experience brand, reputational, and/or competitive harm, or could face legal liability. Complying with multiple regulations from different jurisdictions related to AI could increase our cost of doing business, may change the way that we operate in certain jurisdictions, or may impede our ability to offer certain products and services in certain jurisdictions if we are unable to comply with regulations. Our failure to address concerns and regulation relating to the responsible use of AI could slow adoption of both Emerging AI Technologies and traditional AI in our products and services or cause reputational and/or financial harm.

Previous wording

We believe our culture has been a key contributor to our success to date and that the critical nature of the platform that we provide promotes a sense of greater purpose in our employees. Failure to preserve our culture negatively affects our ability to retain and recruit personnel, which is critical to our growth, and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. As we continue to grow, we may find it difficult to attract and retain qualified diverse talent if we do not maintain a culture that is reflective of our talent. Thus, our company culture is a business imperative and critical to our competitive position within our industry. If we fail to maintain our company culture, our business and competitive position may be adversely affected.

Current wording

We believe our culture has been a key contributor to our success to date and that the critical nature of the platform that we provide promotes a sense of greater purpose in our employees. Failure to preserve our culture negatively affects our ability to retain and recruit personnel, which is critical to our growth, and to effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives. As we continue to grow, we may find it difficult to attract and retain high-performing top talent if we do not maintain a culture that is reflective of our talent. Thus, our company culture is a business imperative and critical to our competitive position within our industry. If we fail to maintain our company culture, our business and competitive position may be adversely affected.

Previous wording

In the ordinary course of business, we collect, receive, store, process, generate, use, transfer, disclose, make accessible, protect, secure, dispose of, transmit, and share (collectively, “processing”) personal data and other sensitive information, including proprietary and confidential business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, sensitive third-party data, business plans, transactions, and financial information (collectively, “sensitive data”).

Current wording

In the ordinary course of business, we collect, receive, store, process, generate, use, transfer, disclose, make accessible, protect, secure, dispose of, transmit, and share (collectively, “processing”) of personal data and other sensitive information, including proprietary and confidential business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, sensitive third-party data, business plans, transactions, and financial information (collectively, “sensitive data”), including sensitive data of our customers and their respective employees.

Previous wording

Our business involves the processing of personal data and other sensitive information, including proprietary and confidential business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, sensitive third-party data, business plans, transactions, and financial information (collectively, “sensitive data”), including sensitive data of our customers and their respective employees. Cyber-attacks, malicious internet-based activity, online and offline fraud, and other similar activities threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our or our customers’ sensitive data and information technology systems, and those of the third parties upon which we rely. Such threats are prevalent and continue to rise, are increasingly difficult to detect, and come from a variety of sources, including traditional computer “hackers,” threat actors, “hacktivists,” organized criminal threat actors, personnel (such as through theft or misuse), sophisticated nation states, and nation state- supported actors. Some actors now engage and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks, including without limitation nation-state actors for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities.

Current wording

Cyber-attacks, malicious internet-based or insider activity, online and offline fraud, and other similar activities threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our or our customers’ sensitive data and information technology systems, and those of the third parties with whom we work. Such threats are prevalent and continue to rise, are increasingly difficult to detect, and come from a variety of sources, including traditional computer “hackers,” threat actors, “hacktivists,” organized criminal threat actors, personnel (such as through theft or misuse), sophisticated nation states, and nation state- actors. Some actors now engage and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks, including without limitation nation-state actors for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities.

Previous wording

Like other companies, we and the third parties we rely on have experienced and will continue to experience cyber-attacks and other incidents, and are exposed to threats, that have resulted and could in the future result in, adverse consequences to our business including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse consequences. We face increasing risks of cyber-attacks and other security incidents, and our systems and those of our third-party service providers have been and may continue to be subject to a variety of attacks and threats including malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), social engineering attacks (including through deep fakes, which may be increasingly more difficult to identify as fake, and phishing attacks), ransomware attacks (which are becoming increasingly severe and prevalent), denial-of-service attacks, such as credential stuffing attacks, credential harvesting, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, personnel misconduct or error, malicious code (such as viruses or worms), loss of data or other information technology assets, adware, telecommunications failures, earthquakes, fires, floods, attacks enhanced or facilitated by AI, and other similar threats. We may be unable to anticipate or prevent techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems because they change frequently, are increasing in their sophistication and often are not detected until after an incident has occurred.

Current wording

We and the third parties with whom we work have experienced and will continue to experience cyber-attacks and other incidents, and are exposed to threats, that have resulted and could in the future result in, adverse consequences to our business including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse consequences. We and the third-parties with whom we work have been and may continue to be subject to a variety of attacks and threats including but not limited to malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), social engineering attacks (including through deep fakes, which may be increasingly more difficult to identify as fake, and phishing attacks), ransomware attacks (which are becoming increasingly severe and prevalent), denial-of-service attacks, credential stuffing attacks, credential harvesting, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, personnel misconduct or error, malicious code (such as viruses or worms), loss of data or other information technology assets, adware, telecommunications failures, earthquakes, fires, floods, attacks enhanced or facilitated by AI, and other similar threats. In particular, severe ransomware attacks are becoming increasingly prevalent and can lead to significant interruptions in our operations, ability to provide our products or services, loss of sensitive data and income, reputational harm, and diversion of funds. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting such payments. Furthermore, we may be unable to anticipate, detect, or prevent techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or to sabotage our systems, or those of third parties with whom we work, because such techniques change frequently and are increasing in their sophistication.

Previous wording

During times of war and other major conflicts, we (and the third parties upon which we rely) may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of cybersecurity threats, including retaliatory cyber-attacks, that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to produce, sell and distribute our services.

Current wording

During times of war and other major conflicts, we (and the third parties with whom we work) may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of cybersecurity threats, including retaliatory cyber-attacks, that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to produce, sell and distribute our services.

Previous wording

Remote work has become more common and has increased risks to our information technology systems and data, as more of our employees utilize network connections, computers and devices outside our premises or network, including working at home, while in transit and in public locations. Furthermore, future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies. Additionally, we may discover security issues that were not found during due diligence of such acquired or integrated entities, and it may be difficult to integrate companies into our information technology environment and security program.

Current wording

Remote work has increased risks to our information technology systems and data, as more of our employees utilize network connections, computers, and devices outside our premises or network, including working at home, while in transit, and in public locations. Furthermore, future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies. Additionally, we may discover security issues that were not found during due diligence of such acquired or integrated entities, and it may be difficult to integrate companies into our information technology environment and security program.

Previous wording

In addition, our reliance on third-party service providers could introduce new cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, including supply-chain attacks, and other threats to our business operations. We rely on third-party service providers and technologies to operate critical business systems to process sensitive data in a variety of contexts, including, without limitation, encryption and authentication technology, employee email, cloud-based infrastructure, data center facilities, content delivery to customers, and other functions. We also rely on third-party service providers to provide other products, services, parts, or otherwise to operate our business. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. If our third-party service providers experience a security incident or other interruption, we could experience adverse consequences.

Current wording

In addition, our reliance on third parties could introduce new cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, including supply-chain attacks, and other threats to our business operations. We rely on third parties to operate critical business systems to process sensitive data in a variety of contexts, including, without limitation, encryption and authentication technology, employee email, cloud-based infrastructure, data center facilities, content delivery to customers, and other functions. We also rely on third parties to provide other products, services, parts, or otherwise to operate our business. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. When the third parties with whom we work experience a security incident or other interruption, we could experience adverse consequences.

Previous wording

While we may be entitled to damages if our third-party service providers fail to satisfy their data privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award. In addition, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties’ infrastructure in our supply chain or our third-party partners’ supply chains have not been compromised.

Current wording

While we may be entitled to damages if the third parties with whom we work fail to satisfy their data privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award. In addition, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties’ infrastructure in our supply chain or that of the third parties with whom we work have not been compromised.

Previous wording

While we have implemented security measures designed to protect against security incidents, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective. We take steps to detect and remediate vulnerabilities, but we may not be able to detect and remediate all vulnerabilities because the threats and techniques used to exploit the vulnerability change frequently and are often sophisticated in nature. Therefore, such vulnerabilities could be exploited but may not be detected until after a security incident has occurred. Any unremediated high risk or critical vulnerabilities may pose material risks to our business.

Current wording

While we have implemented security measures designed to protect against security incidents, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective. We take steps to detect, mitigate, and remediate vulnerabilities, in our information systems (such as hardware and/or software, including that of third parties with whom we work), but we may not be able to detect and remediate all such vulnerabilities including on a timely basis.

Previous wording

Further, we may experience delays in developing and deploying remedial measures designed to address any such identified vulnerabilities. Even if we have issued or otherwise made available patches or information for vulnerabilities in our software applications, products or services, our customers may be unwilling or unable to deploy such patches and use such information effectively and in a timely manner for measures that require customer action.

Current wording

Further, we may experience delays in developing and deploying remedial measures designed to address any such identified vulnerabilities. Even if we have issued or otherwise made available patches or information for vulnerabilities in our software applications, products or services, our customers may be unwilling or unable to deploy such patches and use such information effectively and in a timely manner for measures that require customer action. Vulnerabilities could be exploited and result in a security incident.

Previous wording

Any of the previously identified or similar threats could cause a security incident, production downtime or other interruption that could result in unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental acquisition, modification, destruction, loss, alteration, encryption, disclosure of, or access to our or our customers’ sensitive data or our information technology systems, or those of the third parties upon whom we rely. A security incident or other interruption could disrupt our ability (and that of third parties upon whom we rely) to provide our services.

Current wording

Any of the previously identified or similar threats could cause a security incident, production downtime, or other interruption that could result in unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental acquisition, modification, destruction, loss, alteration, encryption, disclosure of, or access to our or our customers’ sensitive data or our information technology systems, or those of the third parties with whom we work. A security incident or other interruption could disrupt our ability (and that of third parties with whom we work) to provide our services.

Previous wording

The reliability and continuous availability of our service is critical to our success. However, software such as ours can contain errors, defects, security vulnerabilities or software bugs that are difficult to detect and correct, particularly when such vulnerabilities are first introduced or when new versions or enhancements of our service are released. Additionally, even if we are able to develop a patch or other fix to address such vulnerabilities, such a fix may be difficult to push out to our customer-facing services or otherwise be delayed. Additionally, our business depends upon the appropriate and successful implementation of our service by our customers. If our customers fail to use our service according to our specifications, our customers may suffer a security incident on their own systems or other adverse consequences. Even if such an incident is unrelated to our security practices, it could result in our incurring significant economic and operational costs in investigating, remediating, and implementing additional measures to further protect our customers from their own vulnerabilities, and could result in reputational harm. Applicable data privacy and security obligations may require us to notify relevant stakeholders of security incidents. Such disclosures are costly, and the disclosure or the failure to comply with such requirements could lead to adverse consequences.

Current wording

The reliability and availability of our service is critical to our success. However, software such as ours can contain errors, defects, security vulnerabilities, or software bugs that are difficult to detect and correct, particularly when such vulnerabilities are first introduced or when new versions or enhancements of our service are released. Additionally, even if we are able to develop a patch or other fix to address such vulnerabilities, such a fix may be difficult to push out to our customer-facing services or otherwise be delayed. Additionally, our business depends upon the appropriate and successful implementation of our service by our customers. If our customers fail to use our service according to our specifications, our customers may suffer a security incident on their own systems or other adverse consequences. Even if such an incident is unrelated to our security practices, it could result in our incurring significant economic and operational costs in investigating, remediating, and implementing additional measures to further protect our customers from their own vulnerabilities, and could result in reputational harm.

Previous wording

If we (or a third party upon whom we rely) experience a security incident or are perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience adverse consequences, such as government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits, and inspections); additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; restrictions on processing sensitive data (including personal data); litigation (including class claims); indemnification obligations; negative publicity; reputational harm; monetary fund diversions; interruptions in our operations (including availability of data); financial loss; and other similar harms. Security incidents and attendant consequences may prevent or cause customers to stop using our services, deter new customers from using our services, and negatively impact our ability to grow and operate our business.

Current wording

If we (or a third party with whom we work) experience a security incident or are perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience material adverse consequences, such as government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits, and inspections); additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; restrictions on processing sensitive data (including personal data); litigation (including class claims); indemnification obligations; negative publicity; reputational harm; monetary fund diversions; diversion of management attention; interruptions in our operations (including availability of data); financial loss; and other similar harms. Security incidents and material attendant consequences may prevent or cause customers to stop using our services, deter new customers from using our services, and negatively impact our ability to grow and operate our business. In particular, our product and service offering specifically involves protecting the information or systems of our customers, and a security incident could heighten the impact of these material adverse consequences because of the nature of our business and expectations of our customers.

Previous wording

Additionally, sensitive data of the Company or our customers could be leaked, disclosed, or revealed as a result of or in connection with our employee’s, personnel’s, or vendor’s use of generative AI technologies. Any sensitive data (including confidential, competitive, proprietary, or personal data) that we input into a third-party generative AI/ML platform could be leaked or disclosed to others, including if sensitive information is used to train the third parties’ AI/ML model. Additionally, where an AI/ML model ingests personal data and makes connections using such data, those technologies may reveal other personal or sensitive data generated by the model.

Current wording

Additionally, our sensitive data or those of our customers could be leaked, disclosed, or revealed as a result of or in connection with our employee’s, personnel’s, or vendor’s use of generative AI technologies. Sensitive data (including confidential, competitive, proprietary, or personal data) that is inputted into a generative AI/machine learning platform or otherwise made available to developers of generative AI/machine learning platforms could be leaked or disclosed to others if it is used to train a third party AI/machine learning model. Additionally, where an AI/machine learning model ingests personal data and makes connections using such data, those technologies may reveal other personal or sensitive data generated by the model.

Previous wording

We rely upon our marketing strategy of offering a 14-day free trial and “freemium” plan, a free version of PagerDuty, for customers with up to five users, and an open source version of Rundeck Automation as well as other inbound, lead-generation strategies to generate new sales opportunities. Most of our customers start with the free version of our products. These strategies may not be successful in continuing to generate sufficient sales opportunities necessary to increase our revenue. A subset of users never convert from the trial or free version of a product to a paid version of such product. Further, we often depend on individuals within an organization who initiate the trial or free versions of our products being able to convince decision makers within their organization to convert to a paid version. Many organizations have complex and multi-layered purchasing requirements. To the extent that these users do not become, or are unable to convince others to become, paying customers, we will not realize the intended benefits of this marketing strategy, and our ability to grow our revenue will be adversely affected.

Current wording

We rely upon our marketing strategy of offering a 14-day free trial and “freemium” plan, a free version of PagerDuty and an open source version of Rundeck Automation as well as other inbound, lead-generation strategies to generate new sales opportunities. Most of our customers start with the free version of our products. These strategies may not be successful in continuing to generate sufficient sales opportunities necessary to increase our revenue. A subset of users never converts from the trial or free version of a product to a paid version of such product. Further, we often depend on individuals within an organization who initiate the trial or free versions of our products being able to convince decision makers within their organization to convert to a paid version. To the extent that these users do not become, or are unable to convince others to become, paying customers, we will not realize the intended benefits of this marketing strategy, and our ability to grow our revenue will be adversely affected.

Previous wording

(such as drought, flooding, wildfires and resultant air quality effects and related preventative power shutdowns, increased storm severity, and sea level rise), power loss, utility outages, telecommunication failures, computer viruses, supply-chain attacks, computer denial of service attacks, phishing schemes, security breaches, or other attempts to harm or access our system, could harm our relationships with customers and cause our revenue to decrease or our expenses to increase. Also, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. These factors in turn could further reduce our revenue, subject us to liability, and cause us to issue credits or cause customers to fail to renew their subscriptions, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Current wording

Design and mechanical errors, spikes in usage volume, and failure to follow system protocols and procedures could cause our IT systems and infrastructure to fail, resulting in interruptions in our digital operations platform. We have from time to time in the past experienced service disruptions, and we cannot assure you that we will not experience interruptions or delays in our service in the future. Any interruptions or delays in our service or damage to our products, whether caused by modification or upgrades, third parties, terrorist attacks, state-sponsored attacks, geopolitical tensions or armed conflicts, export controls and sanctions, natural disasters, the effect of climate change (such as drought, flooding, wildfires and resultant air quality effects and related preventative power shutdowns, increased storm severity, and sea level rise), power loss, utility outages, telecommunication failures, computer viruses, supply-chain attacks, computer denial of service attacks, phishing schemes, security breaches, or other attempts to harm or access our system, could harm our relationships with customers and cause our revenue to decrease or our expenses to increase. Also, in the event of damage or interruption, our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that we may incur. These factors in turn could further reduce our revenue, subject us to liability, and cause us to issue credits or cause customers to fail to renew their subscriptions, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Previous wording

In January 2018, the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”) repealed “network neutrality” rules, which barred internet service providers from blocking or slowing down access to online content, protecting services like ours from such interference. The 2018 decision was largely affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, subject to a remand to consider several issues raised by parties that supported network neutrality, and in November 2020 the FCC affirmed its decision to repeal the rules. On October 19, 2023, the FCC adopted a notice of proposed rulemaking that would reinstate the rules repealed in 2018 and asked for comment on that proposal and on potential changes to those rules. We cannot predict whether or when the FCC will adopt new rules.

Current wording

In January 2018, the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”) repealed “network neutrality” rules, which barred internet service providers from blocking or slowing down access to online content, protecting services like ours from such interference. The 2018 decision was largely affirmed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, subject to a remand to consider several issues raised by parties that supported network neutrality, and in November 2020 the FCC affirmed its decision to repeal the rules. The FCC again adopted net neutrality rules on May 7, 2024 and the new rules bar internet service providers from blocking or throttling content and prohibit requiring content providers to pay for preferential access to users, a practice known as paid prioritization. These rules were stayed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit on July 12, 2024, and on January 2, 2025, the court issued a decision overturning the rules, based on a conclusion that, under the federal Communications Act, broadband internet access service is an information service, not a common carrier service. This decision has the effect of reinstating the 2018 order. We cannot predict whether this decision will be appealed to the Supreme Court or any action the Supreme Court might take if an appeal is filed, or the impact of the 6th Circuit decision or any further appeal on our operations or business.

Previous wording

A component of our growth strategy involves the further expansion of our operations and customer base internationally. In each of the fiscal years ended January 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 customers outside of the United States generated 28%, 24%, and 24%, respectively, of our revenue. We currently have offices in Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, Portugal, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States. We are continuing to adapt to and develop strategies to address international markets, but there is no guarantee that such efforts will have the desired effect. As of January 31, 2024, approximately 41% of our full-time employees were located outside of the United States. We expect that our international activities will continue to grow for the foreseeable future as we continue to pursue opportunities in existing and new international markets, which will require significant dedication of management attention and financial resources.

Current wording

A component of our growth strategy involves the further expansion of our operations and customer base internationally. In each of the fiscal years ended January 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 customers outside of the United States generated 28%, 28%, and 24%, respectively, of our revenue. We currently have offices in Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, Portugal, the United Kingdom (“UK”), and the United States. We are continuing to adapt to and develop strategies to address international markets, but there is no guarantee that such efforts will have the desired effect. As of January 31, 2025, approximately 45% of our full-time employees were located outside of the United States. We expect that our international activities will continue to grow for the foreseeable future as we continue to pursue opportunities in existing and new international markets, which will require significant dedication of management attention and financial resources.

Previous wording

Political actions, including trade protection and national security policies of U.S. and foreign government bodies, such as tariffs, import or export regulations, trade and economic sanctions, quotas or other trade barriers and restrictions could affect our ability to fulfill our contractual obligations and have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, due to political uncertainty and military actions such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine or the conflict in Israel and the surrounding areas, we and the third parties upon which we rely may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of security incidents, computer malware, social-engineering attacks, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of sensitive data or other information technology assets, and other cyber-attacks, including attacks that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to do business.

Current wording

Political actions, including trade protection and national security policies of U.S. and foreign government bodies, such as tariffs, import or export regulations, trade and economic sanctions, quotas, or other trade barriers and restrictions could affect our ability to fulfill our contractual obligations and have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, due to political uncertainty and military actions such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine or the conflict in Israel, Syria, and the surrounding areas, we and the third parties upon which we rely may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of security incidents, computer malware, social-engineering attacks, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of sensitive data or other information technology assets, and other cyber-attacks, including attacks that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to do business.