AeroVironment Inc

Previous wording

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein as Item 8. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. Refer to Part I, “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 2 and Part 1A, “Risk Factors” beginning on page 24, for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.

Current wording

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein as Item 8. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. Refer to Part I, “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 2 and Item 1A, “Risk Factors” beginning on page 14, for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. The disclosures and references in Item 7 of this Annual Report, including the description of our business, financial data, management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations do not include the BlueHalo acquisition which closed on May 1, 2025, unless otherwise specifically noted. The assets, liabilities and results of operations of BlueHalo have not been consolidated into our results as of and for the period ended April 30, 2025 or any of the historical periods presented.

Previous wording

The success of our current product and service offerings stems from our investments in R&D to invent and deliver advanced solutions, utilizing proprietary and commercially available technologies, and in acquiring leading businesses that help our customers achieve their desired outcomes. We develop and acquire these highly innovative solutions by working closely with our key customers to solve their most important challenges related to our areas of expertise. Our core technological capabilities, developed through more than 50 years of innovation or acquired through acquisitions, include robotics and robotics systems autonomy; modular open systems architecture, sensor design, development, miniaturization and integration; embedded software and firmware; miniature, low power, secure wireless digital communications and networks; lightweight aerostructures; high-altitude systems design, integration and operations; machine vision, machine learning and autonomy; land, maritime and air deployment of munitions and aircraft systems; design and qualification for robotics in extreme terrestrial and space environments; munitions systems warhead integration; low SWaP (Size, Weight and Power) system design and integration; collaborative multi-robotic crewed and uncrewed mission operation; power electronics and electric propulsion systems; efficient electric power conversion, storage systems and high density energy packaging; controls and systems integration; vertical takeoff and landing for fixed wing and hybrid aircraft and rotocraft systems; image stabilization and target tracking; advanced flight control systems; fluid dynamics; human-machine interface development; modular dismounted, networked multi-domain robotic control interfaces and analytic processing architecture; and integrated mission solutions for austere environments.

Current wording

The success of our current product and service offerings stems from our investments in R&D to invent and deliver advanced solutions, utilizing proprietary and commercially available technologies, and in acquiring leading businesses that help our customers achieve their desired outcomes. We develop and acquire these highly innovative solutions by working closely with our key customers to solve their most important challenges related to our areas of expertise. Our core technological capabilities, developed over more than 50 years of innovation or acquired through acquisitions, include robotics and robotics systems autonomy; modular open systems architecture, sensor design, development, miniaturization and integration; embedded software and firmware; miniature, low power, secure wireless digital communications and networks; lightweight aerostructures; high-altitude systems design, integration and operations; machine vision, machine learning and autonomy; land, maritime and air deployment of munitions and aircraft systems; design and qualification for robotics in extreme terrestrial and space environments; munitions systems warhead integration; low SWaP (Size, Weight and Power) system design and integration; collaborative multi-robotic crewed and uncrewed mission operation; power electronics and electric propulsion systems; efficient electric power conversion, storage systems and high density energy packaging; controls and systems integration; vertical takeoff and landing for fixed wing and hybrid aircraft and rotocraft systems; image stabilization and target tracking; advanced flight control systems; fluid dynamics; human-machine interface development; modular dismounted, networked multi-domain robotic control interfaces and analytic processing architecture; and integrated mission solutions for austere environments.

Previous wording

Our business focuses primarily on the design, development, production, marketing, support and operation of innovative UxS and LMS that provide situational awareness, remote sensing, multi band communications, force protection and other information and mission effects to increase the safety and effectiveness of our customers’ operations.

Current wording

Our business focuses primarily on the design, development, production, marketing, support and operation of innovative UxS and LMS products that provide situational awareness, remote sensing, multi band communications, force protection and other information and mission effects to increase the safety and effectiveness of our customers’ operations.

Previous wording

We generate our revenue primarily from the sale, support, design and operation of our UxS and LMS and HAPS. Support for our SUAS, MUAS and LMS customers includes training, spare parts, product repair and product replacement. Under historical ISR services contracts we have delivered the information our MUAS produce to our customers, who use that information to support their missions; however, these services are no longer a revenue driver. We refer to these support activities, in conjunction with customer-funded R&D, as our services operation. We derive

Current wording

We generate our revenue primarily from the sale, support, design and operation of our UxS, LMS and HAPS products. Support for our SUAS, MUAS and LMS customers includes training, spare parts, product repair and product replacement. Under ISR services contracts we deliver the information our MUAS produce to our customers, who use that information to support their missions. We refer to these support activities, in conjunction with customer-funded R&D, as our services operation. We derive most of our SUAS, MUAS, LMS and HAPS revenue from fixed-price and cost-plus-fee contracts with the majority from U.S. government and allied foreign governments for SUAS, MUAS, and LMS.

Previous wording

Cost of sales consists of direct costs and allocated indirect costs. Direct costs include labor, materials, travel, subcontracts and other costs directly related to the execution of a specific contract. Indirect costs include overhead expenses, fringe benefits, depreciation of in-service ISR assets, which have been fully depreciated as of April 30, 2023, amortization of acquired intangible assets and other costs that are not directly charged to a specific contract.

Current wording

Cost of sales consists of direct costs and allocated indirect costs. Direct costs include labor, materials, travel, subcontracts and other costs directly related to the execution of a specific contract. Indirect costs include overhead expenses, fringe benefits, depreciation of in-service ISR assets, amortization of acquired intangible assets and other costs that are not directly charged to a specific contract.

Previous wording

Our selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”), include salaries, fringe benefits, and other expenses related to selling, marketing and proposal activities, and other administrative costs and amortization of acquired intangible assets. Some SG&A expenses relate to marketing and business development activities that support both ongoing business areas as well as new and emerging market areas. These activities can be directly associated with developing requirements for and applications of capabilities created in our R&D activities. SG&A is an important financial metric that we analyze to help us evaluate the contribution of our selling, marketing and proposal activities to revenue generation.

Current wording

Our selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”), include salaries, fringe benefits, and other expenses related to selling, marketing and proposal activities, and other administrative costs and amortization of acquired intangible assets. Some SG&A expenses relate to marketing, commissions on certain direct commercial sales to international customers and business development activities that support both ongoing business areas as well as new and emerging market areas. These activities can be directly associated with developing requirements for and applications of capabilities created in our R&D activities. SG&A is an important financial metric that we analyze to help us evaluate the contribution of our selling, marketing and proposal activities to revenue generation.

Previous wording

Subsequent to the performance of our annual goodwill impairment test, in May 2023, a trigger event was identified that indicated that the carrying value of the MUAS reporting unit exceeded its fair value. Specifically, we received notification that we were not down selected for a U.S. DoD program of record which resulted in a significant decrease in the projected future cash flows of the MUAS reporting unit. As a result, we updated our estimates of long-term future cash flows to reflect lower revenue and EBITDA growth rate expectations used in the valuation of the MUAS reporting unit. These changes in estimates, resulted in the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge of $156.0 million in the MUAS reporting unit recorded during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023.

Current wording

Subsequent to the performance of our annual goodwill impairment test for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, in May 2023, a trigger event was identified that indicated that the carrying value of the MUAS reporting unit exceeded its fair value. Specifically, we received notification that we were not down selected for a U.S. DoD program of record which resulted in a significant decrease in the projected future cash flows of the MUAS reporting unit. As a result, we updated our estimates of long-term future cash flows to reflect lower revenue and EBITDA growth rate expectations used in the valuation of the MUAS reporting unit. These changes in estimates, resulted in the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge of $156.0 million recorded during the year ended April 30, 2023.

Previous wording

Other (loss) income, net includes unrealized losses associated with decreases in the fair market value for equity security investments, the gain on the sale of our equity interest in HAPSMobile, legal accruals related to our former efficient energy systems (“EES”) business, interest income, and interest expense.

Current wording

Other (loss) income, net includes unrealized losses associated with decreases in the fair market value for equity security investments, interest income, and interest expense.

Previous wording

Equity method investment (loss) income, net of tax, includes equity method income or loss related to our investment in limited partnership funds for which we have concluded we have influence for holding more than a minor interest. Beginning October 14, 2022, equity method investment (loss) income, net of tax also includes our proportion of any gains or losses of our Turkish joint venture, Altoy Savunma Sanayi ve Havacilik Anonim Sirketi (“Altoy”), due to our share sale in which we decreased our ownership interest to 15% but concluded we retain the ability to exercise significant influence. As of March 2022, equity method investment (loss) income, net of tax, no longer includes equity method income or loss related the HAPSMobile joint venture we formed in December 2017 with SoftBank as we sold our entire equity interest in HAPSMobile.

Current wording

Equity method investment (loss) income, net of tax, includes equity method income or loss related to our investment in limited partnership funds for which we have concluded we have influence for holding more than a minor interest. Beginning October 14, 2022, equity method investment (loss) income, net of tax also includes our proportion of any gains or losses of our Turkish joint venture, Altoy Savunma Sanayi ve Havacilik Anonim Sirketi (“Altoy”), due to our share sale in which we decreased our ownership interest to 15% but concluded we retain the ability to exercise significant influence.

Previous wording

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests includes the 50% interest in the income or losses of Altoy, between September 15, 2021 and October 14, 2022 and 85% interest for all prior periods presented. Subsequent to October 14, 2022, Altoy is no longer consolidated, and therefore, noncontrolling interest is no longer recorded.

Current wording

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests includes the 50% interest in the income or losses of Altoy, between May 1, 2022 and October 14, 2022. Subsequent to October 14, 2022, Altoy is no longer consolidated, and therefore, noncontrolling interest is no longer recorded.

Previous wording

We believe the following critical accounting estimates affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements. Please see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements entitled “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies,” which is included in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report. There have been no material changes made to the critical accounting estimates during the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements.

Current wording

We believe the following critical accounting estimates affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements. Please see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements entitled “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies,” which is included in Part II, Item 8 “Financial Statements and

Previous wording

Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the recognition of revenue in any accounting period. Material differences in the amount of revenue in any given period may result if these judgments or estimates prove to be incorrect or if management’s estimates change on the basis of development of the business or market conditions. Management judgments and estimates have been applied consistently and have been reliable historically. We believe that there are two key factors which impact the reliability of management’s estimates. The first of those key factors is that the terms of our contracts are typically less than six months. The short-term nature of such contracts reduces the risk that material changes in accounting estimates will occur on the basis of market conditions or other factors. The second key factor is that we have hundreds of contracts in any given accounting period, which

Current wording

Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the recognition of revenue in any accounting period. Material differences in the amount of revenue in any given period may result if these judgments or estimates prove to be incorrect or if management’s estimates change on the basis of development of the business or market conditions. Management judgments and estimates have been applied consistently and have been reliable historically. We believe that there are two key factors which impact the reliability of management’s estimates. The first of those key factors is that the terms of our contracts are typically less than six months. The short-term nature of such contracts reduces the risk that material changes in accounting estimates will occur on the basis of market conditions or other factors. The second key factor is that we have hundreds of contracts in any given accounting period, which reduces the risk that any one change in an accounting estimate on one or several contracts would have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Previous wording

We review cost performance, estimates to complete and variable consideration at least quarterly and in many cases more frequently. Adjustments to original estimates for a contract’s revenue, estimated costs at completion and estimated profit or loss are often required as work progresses under a contract, as experience is gained and as more information is obtained, even though the scope of work required under the contract may not change, or if contract modifications, including the finalization of undefinitized contract actions, occur. The impact of revisions in estimate of completion and variable consideration for all types of contracts are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. Changes in variable consideration associated with the finalization of undefinitized contract actions could result in cumulative catch up adjustments to revenue that could be material. During the fiscal years ended April 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, changes in accounting estimates on contracts recognized using the over time method are presented below. Amounts representing contract change orders or claims are included in revenue if the order or claim meets the criteria of a contract or contract modification in accordance with ASC 606. Incentives or penalties and awards applicable to performance on contracts are considered in estimating revenue and profit rates, and are recorded when there is sufficient information to assess anticipated contract performance.

Current wording

We review cost performance, estimates to complete and variable consideration at least quarterly and in many cases more frequently. Adjustments to original estimates for a contract’s revenue, estimated costs at completion and estimated profit or loss are often required as work progresses under a contract, as experience is gained and as more information is obtained, even though the scope of work required under the contract may not change, or if contract modifications, including the finalization of undefinitized contract actions, occur. The impact of revisions in estimate of completion and variable consideration for all types of contracts are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. Changes in variable consideration associated with the finalization of

Previous wording

For the year ended April 30, 2024, favorable cumulative catch up adjustments of $7.4 million were primarily due to final cost adjustments on 17 contracts, which individually were not material. For the same period, unfavorable cumulative catch up adjustments of $2.0 million were primarily related to higher than expected costs on 11 contracts. During the year ended April 30, 2024, we revised our estimates of the total expected costs to complete two LMS contracts. The aggregate impact of these adjustments in contract estimates on revenue related to performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods was an increase to revenue of approximately $2.7 million.

Current wording

For the year ended April 30, 2024, favorable cumulative catch up adjustments of $7.4 million were primarily due to final cost adjustments on 17 contracts. During the year ended April 30, 2024, we revised our estimates of the total expected costs to complete two LMS contracts. The aggregate impact of these adjustments in contract estimates on revenue related to performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods was an increase to revenue of approximately $2.7 million. For the same period, unfavorable cumulative catch up adjustments of $2.0 million were primarily related to higher than expected costs on 11 contracts, which individually were not material.

Previous wording

For the year ended April 30, 2023, favorable cumulative catch up adjustments of $2.9 million were primarily due to final cost adjustments on 23 contracts, which individually were not material. For the same period, unfavorable cumulative catch up adjustments of $3.8 million were primarily related to higher than expected costs on 5 contracts. During the year ended April 30, 2023, we revised our estimates of the total expected costs to complete a TMS variant contract. The aggregate impact of these adjustments in contract estimates on revenue related to performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods was a decrease to revenue of approximately $1.9 million.

Current wording

For the year ended April 30, 2023, favorable cumulative catch up adjustments of $2.9 million were primarily due to final cost adjustments on 23 contracts, which individually were not material. For the same period, unfavorable cumulative catch up adjustments of $3.8 million were primarily related to unfavorable adjustments on 5 contracts for higher revised estimates of the total expected costs to complete the contract, including one LMS variant contract, which decreased revenue by approximately $1.9 million. The remaining adjustments individually were not material.

Previous wording

We perform valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on each acquisition accounted for as a business combination and allocate the purchase price of each acquired business to our respective net tangible and intangible assets. Acquired intangible assets include: technology, backlog, in-process research and development, customer relationships, licenses, trademarks and tradenames, and non-compete agreements. We use valuation techniques to value these intangibles assets, with the primary technique being a discounted cash flow analysis. A discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various assumptions and estimates including projected revenue, gross margins, operating costs, growth rates, useful lives and discount rates. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of such assets are consumed. Due to the closure of all of our MUAS COCO sites during the three months ended April 30, 2023, we revised the estimated useful life for MUAS customer relationships which resulted in accelerated intangible amortization expenses of $34.1 million during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023. Additionally, in conjunction with the goodwill

Current wording

intangible assets. Acquired intangible assets include: technology, backlog, in-process research and development, customer relationships, licenses, trademarks and tradenames, and non-compete agreements. We use valuation techniques to value these intangibles assets, with the primary technique being a discounted cash flow analysis. A discounted cash flow analysis requires us to make various assumptions and estimates including projected revenue, gross margins, operating costs, growth rates, useful lives and discount rates. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method which approximates the pattern in which the economic benefits of such assets are consumed. As part of our annual goodwill impairment and identifiable asset test, performed during the quarter ended April 30, 2025, a decrease in forecasted results for the UGV reporting unit resulting from reduced probability and delays of obtaining certain opportunities as well as an increase in forecast expenditures to support operational decisions identified during the fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2025 resulted in accelerated intangible amortization expenses of $4.3 million which were recorded during the three months ended April 30, 2025. Due to the closure of all of our MUAS COCO sites during the three months ended April 30, 2023, we revised the estimated useful life for MUAS customer relationships which resulted in accelerated intangible amortization expenses of $34.1 million during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023. Additionally, in conjunction with the goodwill impairment test performed during the year ended April 30, 2023, the remaining intangibles in the MUAS reporting unit were tested for recoverability. The asset recoverability test did not result in an impairment for the remaining intangibles in the MUAS reporting unit. Refer to Note 6—Goodwill for further details.

Previous wording

Subsequent to the performance of our annual goodwill impairment test, in May 2023 a trigger event was identified that indicated that the carrying value of the MUAS reporting unit exceeded its fair value. Specifically, we received notification that we were not down selected for a U.S. DoD program of record which resulted in a significant decrease in the projected future cash flows of the MUAS reporting unit. As a result, we updated our estimates of long-term future cash flows to reflect lower revenue and EBITDA growth rate expectations used in the valuation of the MUAS reporting unit. These changes in estimates, resulted in the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge of $156.0 million recorded during the year ended April 30, 2023. We determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the other reporting units were more than their carrying values as of the annual goodwill impairment test date.

Current wording

Subsequent to the performance of our annual goodwill impairment test for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, in May 2023, a trigger event was identified that indicated that the carrying value of the MUAS reporting unit exceeded its fair value. Specifically, we received notification that we were not down selected for a U.S. DoD program of record which resulted in a significant decrease in the projected future cash flows of the MUAS reporting unit. As a result, we updated our estimates of long-term future cash flows to reflect lower revenue and EBITDA growth rate expectations

Previous wording

As of April 30, 2024, our MUAS reporting unit has a goodwill balance of $135.8 million. The estimated fair value of the MUAS reporting unit does not substantially exceed its carrying value due to the impairment recorded during the fourth quarter ended April 30, 2023, resulting in carrying value being equal to estimated fair value. The fair value of the MUAS reporting unit exceeded the carrying value by 10% as of January 28, 2024, the date of the most recent annual goodwill impairment test. Fair value determinations utilized in the quantitative goodwill impairment test require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions, estimates, and market factors. Estimating the fair value of individual reporting units requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding future plans, as well as industry, economic, and regulatory conditions. These assumptions and estimates include estimated future annual net cash flows, income tax rates, discount rates, growth rates, and other market factors. Estimated future annual net cash flows based in part upon our ability to obtain contracts from the U.S. DoD and foreign allied nations and negotiate the estimated pricing are considered the most significant, sensitive assumptions. If current expectations of future growth rates and margins are not met, if market factors outside of our control, such as discount rates, income tax rates, or inflation, change, or if management’s expectations or plans otherwise change, including updates to long-term operating plans, then MUAS may become impaired in the future. Accordingly, the MUAS reporting unit is considered at an increased risk of failing future quantitative goodwill impairment tests. During the most recent annual impairment test during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024, the estimated fair value of all reporting units, other than MUAS, substantially exceeded their carrying value.

Current wording

As of April 30, 2025, our MUAS reporting unit has a goodwill balance of $135.8 million. During the most recent annual impairment test during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, the estimated fair value of all reporting units, other than UGV, substantially exceeded their carrying value.

Previous wording

favorable than those projected by the industry or by us, or if events occur or circumstances change that would reduce the estimated fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets below the carrying amounts, we could recognize future impairment charges, the amount of which could be material.

Current wording

The estimates and assumptions used to determine the fair value of our reporting units are highly subjective in nature. Actual results can be materially different from the estimates and assumptions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by the industry or by us, or if events occur or circumstances change that would reduce the estimated fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets below the carrying amounts, we could recognize future impairment charges, the amount of which could be material.

Previous wording

Our income tax provision and related income tax assets and liabilities are based on actual and expected future income, U.S. and foreign statutory income tax rates, and tax regulations and planning opportunities in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. We believe that the accounting estimates related to income taxes are “critical accounting estimates” because significant judgment is required in interpreting tax regulations in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions, evaluating our worldwide uncertain tax positions, and assessing the likelihood of realizing certain tax benefits. Actual results could differ materially from those judgments, and changes in judgments could materially affect our consolidated financial statements.

Current wording

Our income tax provision and related income tax assets and liabilities are based on actual and expected future income, U.S. and foreign statutory income tax rates, and tax regulations and planning opportunities in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. Significant judgment is required in interpreting tax regulations in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions, evaluating our worldwide uncertain tax positions, and assessing the likelihood of realizing certain tax benefits. Actual results could differ materially from those judgments, and changes in judgments could materially affect our consolidated financial statements.

Previous wording

Effective May 1, 2023, the Company reorganized its product lines into the following segments: UnCrewed Systems (“UxS”) segment, our renamed Unmanned Systems segment, consisting of SUAS, including our recent Tomahawk acquisition, MUAS and UGV product lines; Loitering Munition Systems (“LMS”) segment; and the MacCready Works (“MW”) segment, consisting of the HAPS and the MacCready Works businesses. The following table (in thousands) sets forth our revenue and adjusted operating income (loss) from operations generated by each reporting segment for the periods indicated. Adjusted operating income is defined as operating income before impairment of goodwill and accelerated amortization, intangible amortization, amortization of purchase accounting adjustments, and acquisition related expenses.

Current wording

We have the following reportable segments through its fiscal year ended April 30, 2025: Uncrewed Systems (“UxS”) segment, Loitering Munition Systems (“LMS”) segment; and the MacCready Works (“MW”) segment. The following table (in thousands) sets forth our revenue and segment adjusted gross margin generated by each reporting segment for the periods indicated. Segment adjusted gross margin is defined as gross margin before intangible amortization and amortization of other purchase accounting adjustments.

Previous wording

The Company recorded intangible amortization expense and other purchase accounting adjustments in the following categories on the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss):

Current wording

We recorded intangible amortization expense and other purchase accounting adjustments in the following categories on the accompanying consolidated statements of income (loss):

Previous wording

Cost of Sales. Cost of sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 was $367.0 million, as compared to $304.5 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022, representing an increase of $62.5 million, or 21%. The increase in cost of sales was a result of an increase in product cost of sales of $62.8 million, partially offset by a decrease in service costs of sales of $0.3 million. The increase in product cost of sales was primarily due to an increase of approximately $61 million associated with the increase in product revenue and an increase of $5.9 million in inventory reserve charges primarily related to the introduction of our next generation products, partially offset by a decrease of $4.2 million in intangible amortization primarily due to intangible assets and other purchase accounting adjustments being fully amortized. The decrease of $0.3 million in service costs of sales was primarily related to approximately $13 million associated with the decreased service volume, driven by the closure of all COCO site locations, largely offset by accelerated depreciation charges of certain deployed fixed assets related to the closure of all of our MUAS site locations of $11.5 million. Cost of sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 included $14.0 million of intangible amortization and other related non-cash purchase accounting expenses as compared to $18.6 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022. As a percentage of revenue, cost of sales remained consistent at 68%, with an increase in the proportion of product revenue to total revenues offset by the MUAS accelerated depreciation charges resulting in gross margin remaining consistent at 32%.

Current wording

Cost of Sales. Cost of sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 was $502.0 million, as compared to $432.8 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024, representing an increase of $69.2 million, or 16%. The increase in cost of sales was a result of an increase in product cost of sales of $64.2 million and an increase in service costs of sales of $5.0 million. The increase in product cost of sales was primarily due to approximately $62 million associated with the increase in product sales volume, $4.6 million due to the UGV accelerated intangible amortization expenses, partially offset by a decrease of approximately $3 million due to product mix shift primarily to the definitization of LMS contracts. The increase of $5.0 million in service costs of sales was primarily due to approximately $7 million increase due to mix shift associated with a higher proportion of engineering services, partially offset by approximately $2 million associated with the decreased service volume. Cost of sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 included $19.4 million of intangible amortization as compared to $13.5 million of intangible amortization and other related non-cash purchase accounting expenses for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024. As a percentage of revenue, cost of sales increased from 60% to 61%, primarily due to the accelerated amortization of UGV intangibles of $4.6 million, partially offset by an increase in the proportion of product revenue to total revenue, resulting in a decrease in gross margin from 40% to 39%.

Previous wording

Research and Development. R&D expense for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 was $64.3 million, or 12% of revenue, as compared to R&D expense of $54.7 million, or 12% of revenue, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022. R&D expense increased by $9.6 million, or 17%, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, primarily due to an increase in development activities regarding enhanced capabilities for our products, development of new product lines and to support our acquired businesses.

Current wording

R&D expense increased by $3.0 million, or 3%, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, primarily due to an increase in development activities regarding enhanced capabilities for our products, development of new product lines and to support our acquired businesses.

Previous wording

Interest Expense, net. Interest expense, net for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 was $9.4 million, as compared to interest expense net of $5.4 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022. The increase in interest

Current wording

Interest Expense, net. Interest expense, net for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 was $2.2 million, as compared to interest expense net of $4.2 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024. The decrease in interest expense, net was primarily due to a decrease of $5.0 million in interest expense primarily due to lower average outstanding balances on our debt facility, partially offset by a decrease in interest income of $2.5 million primarily due to lower interest rates and a decrease in our average investment balances. On May 1, 2025 in connection with the closing of the BlueHalo acquisition, we entered into a new Term A Loan and borrowed from our revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility,” and together with the Term A Loan, the “Credit Facilities”). As of May 1, 2025, the outstanding balance of the Credit Facilities was $955.0 million, which bears a variable interest rate. Interest expense for fiscal year 2026 is expected to increase significantly.

Previous wording

Other Expense, net. Other expense, net for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $4.4 million, as compared to other expense, net of $0.3 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023. The increase in other expense, net is primarily due to unrealized losses associated with decreases in fair market value for equity security investments of $3.9 million.

Current wording

Other Income (Expense), net. Other income, net for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 was $1.1 million, as compared to other expense, net of $4.4 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024. The increase in other income, net is primarily due to a decrease in unrealized losses associated with increases in fair market value for equity security investments of $4.1 million.

Previous wording

Income Taxes. Our effective income tax rate was 7.8% for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, as compared to 54.2% for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022. The decrease in our effective tax rate was primarily due to the loss before income taxes, non-deductible goodwill impairment expense, and foreign-derived intangible income deduction, partially offset by R&D tax credits.

Current wording

Income Taxes. Our effective income tax rate was 2.2% for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 as compared to 3.0% for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024. The decrease in our effective tax rate in fiscal 2025 compared with fiscal 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in net income, a decrease in our FDII deduction, offset by non-deductible goodwill impairment expense from our foreign subsidiary.

Previous wording

Revenue. LMS revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 was $120.6 million, as compared to $76.4 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022, representing an increase of $44.2 million, or 58%. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in product revenue of $38.5 million and an increase in service revenue of $5.7 million. The increase in product revenue was primarily due to increased production of our LMS systems primarily due to increased global demand for our LMS systems associated with the current global conflicts as well as U.S. DoD resupply. The increase in service revenue was primarily due to an increase of $5.4 million in engineering services and customer-funded R&D activities primarily associated with development activities regarding enhanced capabilities for our customers.

Current wording

LMS Revenue. LMS revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 was $352.0 million, as compared to $192.6 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024, representing an increase of $159.4 million, or 83%. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in product revenue of $164.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in service revenue of $5.2 million. The increase in product revenue was primarily due to increased production of our LMS systems due to global demand for our LMS systems associated with the current global conflicts as well as U.S. DoD resupply. Fiscal 2025 also included favorable cumulative catch-up revenue adjustments of $12.0 million due to changes in estimates associated with the definitization of certain LMS contracts. The decrease in service revenue was primarily due to a decrease of $4.2 million in customer-funded R&D activities primarily associated with the shift from development to production of certain Switchblade products.

Previous wording

Revenue. Revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $716.7 million, as compared to $540.5 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $176.2 million, or 33%. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in product revenue of $232.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in service revenue of $56.5 million. The increase in product revenue was primarily due to an increase of $147.1 million of product deliveries of our UxS products, including $10.6 million associated with the recent Tomahawk acquisition, and an increase of $84.2 million from the production of our Switchblade products. These increases were primarily driven by increased global demand for our uncrewed systems and loitering munitions systems associated with the current global conflicts as well as U.S. DoD resupply. The decrease in service revenue was primarily due to a decrease of $49.7 million due to the closure of all COCO site locations during fiscal year 2023 and a decrease of $11.1 million in other engineering services and customer-funded R&D activities primarily associated with the shift from development to production of certain LMS products, partially offset by $5.3 million associated with the recent Tomahawk acquisition. We expect the increases in LMS product sales to continue into the fiscal year ending April 30, 2025.

Current wording

Revenue. Revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $716.7 million, as compared to $540.5 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $176.2 million, or 33%. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in product revenue of $232.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in service revenue of $56.5 million. The increase in product revenue was primarily due to an increase of $147.1 million of product deliveries of our UxS products, including $10.6 million associated with the recent Tomahawk acquisition, and an increase of $84.2 million from the production of our Switchblade products. These increases were primarily driven by increased global demand for our uncrewed systems and loitering munitions systems associated with the current global conflicts as well as U.S. DoD resupply. The decrease in service revenue was primarily due to a decrease of $49.7 million due to the closure of all COCO site locations during fiscal year 2023 and a decrease of $11.1 million in other engineering services and

Previous wording

ended April 30, 2023. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily due to a decrease of $44.6 million in intangible amortization and other non-cash purchase accounting expenses. The decrease in intangible amortization expense was primarily driven by a decrease in COCO customer relationship amortization of $46.5 million due to the accelerated amortization of COCO customer relationships recorded during the three months ended April 30, 2023, partially offset by an increase of $1.7 million resulting from the Tomahawk acquisition. The decrease in SG&A expense was partially offset by an increase in employee related expenses of $15.7 million driven by an increase in average headcount and expansion of our global business development team, an increase in sales and marketing expense of $6.4 million primarily due to an increase in bid and proposal efforts and an increase in depreciation expense of $1.4 million driven by increased capital requirements to support our growth.

Current wording

Selling, General and Administrative. SG&A expense for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $114.4 million, or 16% of revenue, as compared to SG&A expense of $131.9 million, or 24% of revenue, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily due to a decrease of $44.6 million in intangible amortization and other non-cash purchase accounting expenses. The decrease in intangible amortization expense was primarily driven by a decrease in COCO customer relationship amortization of $46.5 million due to the accelerated amortization of COCO customer relationships recorded during the three months ended April 30, 2023, partially offset by an increase of $1.7 million resulting from the Tomahawk acquisition. The decrease in SG&A expense was partially offset by an increase in employee related expenses of $15.7 million driven by an increase in average headcount and expansion of our global business development team, an increase in sales and marketing expense of $6.4 million primarily due to an increase in bid and proposal efforts and an increase in depreciation expense of $1.4 million driven by increased capital requirements to support our growth.

Previous wording

Other Expense, net. Other expense, net for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 was $0.3 million, as compared to other expense, net of $10.3 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022. Other expense, net for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 included unrealized losses associated with decreases in the fair market value for equity security investments. Other expense, net for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022 included $10.0 million of expense related to the Webasto legal settlement.

Current wording

Other Expense, net. Other expense, net for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $4.4 million, as compared to other expense, net of $0.3 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023. The increase in other expense, net is

Previous wording

Revenue. LMS revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $192.6 million, as compared to $120.6 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $72.0 million, or 60%. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in product revenue of $84.2 million, partially offset by a decrease in service revenue of $12.2 million. The increase in product revenue was primarily due to increased production of our LMS systems due to global demand for our LMS systems associated with the current global conflicts as well as U.S. DoD resupply. The decrease in service revenue was primarily due to a decrease of $11.9 million in customer-funded R&D activities primarily associated with the shift from development to production of certain Switchblade products.

Current wording

LMS Revenue. LMS revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $192.6 million, as compared to $120.6 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $72.0 million, or 60%. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in product revenue of $84.2 million, partially offset by a decrease in service revenue of $12.2 million. The increase in product revenue was primarily due to increased production of our LMS systems due to global demand for our LMS systems associated with the current global conflicts as well as U.S. DoD resupply. The decrease in service revenue was primarily due to a decrease of $11.9 million in customer-funded R&D activities primarily associated with the shift from development to production of certain Switchblade products.

Previous wording

LMS Segment Adjusted Income from Operations. LMS segment adjusted income from operations for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $24.1 million, as compared to $8.1 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $16.0 million. The increase in LMS segment adjusted income from operations was primarily due to an increase of $72.0 million in revenue; partially offset by an increase of $46.5 million in cost of sales excluding amortization of intangibles, of which approximately $46 million is associated with the increased sales volume. The increase in revenue was also partially offset by an increase in SG&A excluding amortization of intangibles of $6.9 million, driven by an increase in sales and marketing expense and employee related expenses of $2.5 million and $2.3 million, respectively, associated with the increase in average headcount to support our growth and expansion of our global business development team. The increase in revenue was also partially offset by an increase in R&D of $2.6 million due to development activities regarding enhanced capabilities for our products.

Current wording

LMS Segment Adjusted Gross Margin. LMS segment adjusted gross margin for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $68.2 million, as compared to $42.7 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $25.5 million. The increase in LMS segment adjusted gross margin was primarily due to an increase of $72.0 million in revenue; partially offset by an increase of $46.5 million in cost of sales excluding amortization of intangibles, of which approximately $46 million is associated with the increased sales volume.

Previous wording

Revenue. UxS revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $448.0 million, as compared to $343.9 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $104.1 million, or 30%. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in product revenue of $147.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in service revenue of $43.0 million. The increase in product revenue was primarily due to $136.1 million from increased product shipments of our SUAS family of systems and Jump 20 product systems driven by increased global demand for our uncrewed systems associated with the current global conflicts as well as U.S. DoD resupply and $10.6 million associated with the recent Tomahawk acquisition. The decrease in service revenue was primarily due to decreases of $49.7 million from the closure of all COCO site locations during fiscal year 2023, partially offset by an increase of $5.3 million associated with the recent Tomahawk acquisition.

Current wording

UxS Revenue. UxS revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $448.0 million, as compared to $343.9 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $104.1 million, or 30%. The increase in revenue was due to an increase in product revenue of $147.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in service revenue of $43.0 million. The increase in product revenue was primarily due to $136.1 million from increased product shipments of our SUAS and MUAS family of systems driven by increased global demand for our uncrewed systems associated with the current global conflicts as well as U.S. DoD resupply and $10.6 million associated with the recent Tomahawk acquisition. The decrease in service revenue was primarily due to decreases of $49.7 million from the closure of all COCO site locations during fiscal year 2023, partially offset by an increase of $5.3 million associated with the recent Tomahawk acquisition.

Previous wording

UxS Segment Adjusted Income from Operations. UxS segment adjusted income from operations for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $93.1 million, as compared to $30.6 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $62.5 million. The increase in UxS segment adjusted income from operations was primarily due to an increase of $104.1 million in revenue, partially offset by an increase of $18.3 million in cost of sales excluding intangible amortization. The increase of $18.3 million in costs of sales excluding intangible amortization is primarily due to an increase of approximately $65 million associated with the increased sales volume and $6.0 million from an increase in inventory reserve charges primarily related to the introduction of our next generation products, partially offset by shift in mix of approximately $53 million due to a higher proportion of international products sales and lower levels of COCO service revenue. The increase in revenue was also partially offset by an increase in SG&A excluding intangible amortization of $14.6 million, driven by an increase in sales and marketing expense and employee related expenses of $3.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively. The sales and marketing and employee related expenses were associated with the increase in average headcount to support our growth and expansion of our global business development team, and an increase in R&D of $8.7 million due to development activities regarding enhanced capabilities for our products.

Current wording

UxS Segment Adjusted Gross Margin. UxS segment adjusted gross margin for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $210.5 million, as compared to $124.7 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $85.8 million. The increase in UxS segment adjusted margin was primarily due to an increase of $104.1 million in revenue, partially offset by an increase of $18.3 million in cost of sales excluding intangible amortization. The increase of $18.3 million in costs of sales excluding intangible amortization is primarily due to an increase of approximately $65 million associated with the increased sales volume and $6.0 million from an increase in inventory reserve charges primarily related to the introduction of our next generation products, partially offset by shift in mix of approximately $53 million due to a higher proportion of international products sales and lower levels of COCO service revenue.

Previous wording

Revenue. MW revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $76.1 million, as compared to $76.0 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $0.1 million. The increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase of $1.5 million in product sales, partially offset by a decrease of $1.4 million in service revenue. The increase in product sales is primarily due to the shift from development to early-stage production of certain products. The decrease in service revenue is primarily due to a decrease in engineering services and customer-funded R&D due to delays in anticipated contract awards associated with the government budget authorization process.

Current wording

MW Revenue. MW revenue for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $76.1 million, as compared to $76.0 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increase of $0.1 million. The increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase of $1.5 million in product sales, partially offset by a decrease of $1.4 million in service revenue. The increase in product sales is primarily due to the shift from development to early-stage production of certain products. The decrease in service revenue is primarily due to a decrease in engineering services and customer-funded R&D due to delays in anticipated contract awards associated with the government budget authorization process.

Previous wording

MW Segment Adjusted (Loss) Income from Operations. MW segment adjusted loss from operations for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $24.7 million, as compared to MW segment adjusted income from operations of $3.7 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing an increased loss of $28.4 million. The increase in MW adjusted loss from operations was primarily due to an increase in R&D of $22.2 million due to increased investments largely related to HAPS development efforts to support the decrease in customer-funded R&D programs in part due to delays in the establishment of the government fiscal year 2024 budget, an increase in SG&A excluding amortization of intangibles of $4.8 million driven by increased employee related expenses of $2.4 million associated with the increase in average headcount to support our growth and expansion and an increase of $1.5 million in cost of sales excluding amortization of intangibles driven by increased sales mix of approximately $1 million due to the shift from development to early-stage production of certain products.

Current wording

MW Segment Adjusted Gross Margin. MW segment adjusted gross margin for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 was $18.7 million, as compared to MW segment adjusted gross margin of $20.1 million for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023, representing a decrease of $1.4 million. The decrease in MW segment adjusted gross margin was primarily due to an increase of $1.5 million in cost of sales excluding amortization of intangibles driven by increased sales mix of approximately $1 million due to the shift from development to early-stage production of certain products.

Previous wording

On February 19, 2021 in connection with the consummation of the Arcturus acquisition, we entered into a credit agreement (as amended February 4, 2022 and June 6, 2023, the “Credit Agreement”) for (i) a five-year $100 million revolving credit facility, which includes a $25 million sublimit for the issuance of standby and commercial letters of credit (the “Revolving Facility”), and (ii) a five-year amortized $200 million term A loan (the “Term Loan Facility,” and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). The Term Loan Facility requires payment of 5% of the outstanding obligations in each of the first four loan years, with the remaining 80.0% payable in loan year five, consisting of three quarterly payments of 1.25% each, with the remaining outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan Facility due and payable on the final maturity date. Proceeds from the Term Loan Facility were used in part to finance a portion of the cash consideration for the Arcturus acquisition. Our ability to borrow under the Revolving Facility is reduced by outstanding letters of credit of $15.5 million as of April 30, 2024. As of April 30, 2024, approximately $84.5 million was available under the Revolving Facility. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes. Refer to Note 11—Debt to our financial statements for further details. In addition, Telerob has a line of credit of €5.5 million (approximately $5.9 million) available for issuing letters of credit of which €0.1 million (approximately $0.1 million) was outstanding as of April 30, 2024.

Current wording

On February 19, 2021 in connection with the consummation of the Arcturus acquisition, we entered into a credit agreement, subsequently amended February 4, 2022, June 6, 2023, October 4, 2024 and May 1, 2025, (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The October 4, 2024 amendment increased the Revolving Credit Facility to $200 million, and a previously provided Term Loan Facility was fully repaid in full and removed from the Credit Agreement. Our ability to borrow under the Revolving Credit Facility includes a sublimit for the issuance of standby and commercial letters of credit, of which there were outstanding letters of credit of $39.4 million as of April 30, 2025. As of April 30,

Previous wording

We anticipate funding our normal recurring trade payables, accrued expenses, ongoing R&D costs and obligations under the Credit Facilities through our existing working capital and funds provided by operating activities including those provided by our acquisitions of Arcturus, ISG, Telerob, Planck and Tomahawk. The majority of our purchase obligations are pursuant to funded contractual arrangements with our customers. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, cash provided by operating activities and other financing sources will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital, capital expenditure requirements, future obligations related to the acquisitions and obligations under the Credit Facilities during the next twelve months. There can be no assurance, however, that our business will continue to generate cash flow at current levels. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations, then we may be required to sell assets, reduce capital expenditures or draw on our Credit Facilities. We

Current wording

We anticipate funding our normal recurring trade payables, accrued expenses, ongoing R&D costs and obligations under the Credit Facilities through our existing working capital and funds provided by operating activities including those provided by our acquisitions of Arcturus, ISG, Telerob, Planck, Tomahawk and BlueHalo. The majority of our purchase obligations are pursuant to funded contractual arrangements with our customers. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, cash provided by operating activities and other financing sources will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital, capital expenditure requirements, future obligations related to the acquisitions and obligations under the Credit Facilities during the next twelve months. There can be no assurance, however, that our business will continue to generate cash flow at current levels. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations, then we may be required to sell assets, reduce capital expenditures or draw on our Credit Facilities. We anticipate that existing sources of liquidity, Credit Facilities, and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to satisfy our cash needs for the foreseeable future.

Previous wording

Our primary liquidity needs are for financing working capital, investing in capital expenditures, supporting product development efforts, support our credit facility, introducing new products and enhancing existing products, marketing acceptance and adoption of our products and services. Our future capital requirements, to a certain extent, are also subject to general conditions in or affecting the defense industry and are subject to general economic, political, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors that are beyond our control. Moreover, to the extent that existing cash, cash equivalents, cash from operations, and cash from our Credit Facilities are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing, subject to the limitations specified in our Credit Agreement. In addition, we may also need to seek additional equity funding or debt financing if we become a party to any agreement or letter of intent for potential investments in, or acquisitions of, businesses, services or technologies.

Current wording

Our primary liquidity needs are for financing working capital, investing in capital expenditures, supporting product development efforts, support our credit facility, introducing new products and enhancing existing products, marketing acceptance and adoption of our products and services. Our future capital requirements, to a certain extent, are also subject to general conditions in or affecting the defense industry and are subject to general economic, political, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors that are beyond our control. Moreover, to the extent that existing cash, cash equivalents, cash from operations, and cash from our Credit Facilities are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing, subject to the limitations specified in our Credit Agreement. In addition, we may also need to seek additional equity funding or debt financing if we become a party to any agreement or letter of intent for potential investments in, or acquisitions of, businesses, services or technologies. Any financing or refinancing with new debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants than the Credit Facilities, which could further restrict our business operations. Any financing or refinancing through our sale of equity or equity-linked securities would result in further dilution to our stockholders or may provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock.