CITIZENS & NORTHERN CORP

Previous wording

Certain statements in this section and elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. Citizens & Northern Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the Corporation) intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements, which are not historical facts, are based on certain assumptions and describe future plans, business objectives and expectations, and are generally identifiable by the use of words such as, "should", “likely”, "expect", “plan”, "anticipate", “target”, “forecast”, and “goal”. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict, may be beyond management’s control and could cause results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors which could have a material, adverse impact on the operations and future prospects of the Corporation include, but are not limited to, the following:

Current wording

Certain statements in this section and elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such forward-looking statements may include financial and other projections as well as statements regarding the Corporation that may include future plans, objectives, performance, revenues, growth, profits, operating expenses or the Corporation’s underlying assumptions. Citizens & Northern Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the Corporation) intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements, are not statements of historical facts, are based on certain assumptions and describe future plans, business objectives and expectations, and are generally identifiable by the use of words such as, “may”, “would”, “will”, "should", “likely”, “possibly”, "expect", "anticipate", “intend”, “pro forma”, “estimate”, “target”, “potentially”, “probably”, “outlook”, “predict”, “contemplate”, “continue”, “strategic”, “objective”, “plan”, “forecast”, “project”, “believe” and “goal” or other similar words, phrases or concepts. Persons reading this document are cautioned that such statements are only predictions, and that the Corporation’s actual future results or performance may be materially different. .A number of factors could cause our actual results, events or developments, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, events or developments expressed, implied or anticipated by such forward-looking statements. In addition to factors previously disclosed in the reports filed by C&N with the SEC, including our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, and those identified elsewhere in this document, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from forward looking statements:

Previous wording

These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements.

Current wording

These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. All forward-looking statements and information made herein are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions as of the date of filing of this document. The Corporation does not undertake to update forward-looking statements.

Previous wording

Third quarter 2024 net income was $6,365,000, or $0.41 per diluted share, as compared to $7,591,000, or $0.50 per diluted share, in the third quarter 2023. Significant variances were as follows:

Current wording

First quarter 2025 net income was $6,293,000, or $0.41 per diluted share, as compared to $5,306,000, or $0.35 per diluted share, in the first quarter 2024. Significant variances were as follows:

Previous wording

collateral, unforeseen events such as natural disasters and pandemics, and other factors. Because current economic conditions and forecasts can change and future events are inherently difficult to predict, the anticipated amount of estimated credit losses on loans, and therefore the appropriateness of the ACL, could change significantly.

Current wording

The ACL may increase or decrease due to changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers and macroeconomic variables, including new information regarding existing problem loans, identification of additional problem loans, changes in the fair value of underlying collateral, unforeseen events such as natural disasters and pandemics, and other factors. Because current economic conditions and forecasts can change and future events are inherently difficult to predict, the anticipated amount of estimated credit losses on loans, and therefore the appropriateness of the ACL, could change significantly.

Previous wording

The Corporation’s primary source of operating income is net interest income, which is equal to the difference between the amounts of interest income and interest expense. Tables IV, V and VI include information regarding the Corporation’s net interest income for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. In each of these tables, the amounts of interest income earned on tax-exempt securities and loans have been adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management believes presentation of net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, provides investors with meaningful information for purposes of comparing returns on tax-exempt securities and loans with returns on taxable securities and loans. Accordingly, the amount of net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis reflected in these tables exceed the net interest income amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements. The discussion that follows is based on amounts in the related tables.

Current wording

The Corporation’s primary source of operating income is net interest income, which is equal to the difference between the amounts of interest income and interest expense. Tables IV, V and VI include information regarding the Corporation’s net interest income for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. In each of these tables, the amounts of interest income earned on tax-exempt securities and loans have been adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management believes presentation of net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, provides investors with meaningful information for purposes of comparing returns on tax-exempt securities and loans with returns on taxable securities and loans. Accordingly, the amount of net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis reflected in these tables exceed the net interest income amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements. A reconciliation of net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis to the closest GAAP financial measure is included with Table IV. The discussion that follows is based on amounts in the related tables.

Previous wording

For the three-month periods, fully taxable equivalent net interest income (a non-GAAP measure) of $20,361,000 in 2024 was $486,000 (2.4%) higher than in 2023 as average earning assets were $106,852,000 higher in the third quarter 2024 as compared to the third quarter 2023. Average total deposits increased $94,562,000 in the third quarter 2024 over the third quarter 2023. As presented in Table VI, the net impact of changes in volume of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities increased net interest income in the third quarter 2024 as compared to third quarter 2023 by $613,000, while the net impact of changes in interest rates (primarily increases) decreased net interest income by $127,000. As presented in Table V, the Net Interest Margin was 3.29% in the third quarter 2024 as compared to 3.35% in the third quarter 2023, and the “Interest Rate Spread” (excess of average rate of return on earning assets over average cost of funds on interest-bearing liabilities) decreased to 2.55% in 2024 from 2.73% in 2023. The average yield on earning assets of 5.38% was 0.44% higher in 2024 as compared to 2023, and the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities of 2.83% in 2024 was 0.62% higher.

Current wording

Fully taxable equivalent net interest income (a non-GAAP measure) was $20,186,000 in the first quarter of 2025, $950,000 (4.9%) higher than in the first quarter of 2024. The increase in net interest income reflected an increase in interest income of $1,389,000 and an increase in interest expense of $439,000. As presented in Table V, the Net Interest Margin was 3.38% in the first quarter 2025 as compared to 3.29% in the first quarter 2024, and the “Interest Rate Spread” (excess of average rate of return on earning assets over average cost of funds on interest-bearing liabilities) increased to 2.69% in 2025 from 2.62% in 2024. The average yield on earning assets of 5.35% was 0.13% higher in 2025 as compared to 2024, and the average rate on interest-bearing liabilities of 2.66% in 2025 was 0.06% higher. Additionally, average total earning assets increased $65,203,000 as average total loans increased $40,187,000 (2.2%), and average interest-bearing due from banks increased $35,171,000 while average total deposits increased $59,904,000 (3.0%). As presented in Table VI, the net impact of changes in interest rates increased net interest income in the first quarter 2025 as compared to first quarter 2024 by $756,000 while changes in volume of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities increased net interest income by $194,000.

Previous wording

Interest and fees from loans receivable increased $2,639,000 in 2024 as compared to 2023. The fully taxable equivalent yield on loans in 2024 increased to 6.08% from 5.72% in 2023, reflecting the effects of rising interest rates on the loan portfolio. Average outstanding loans receivable increased $71,472,000 (3.9%) to $1,888,470,000 in 2024 from $1,816,998,000 in 2023. The increase in average loans receivable includes the impact of growth in commercial real estate and other commercial loans.

Current wording

Interest and fees from loans receivable increased $858,000 in 2025 as compared to 2024. The fully taxable equivalent yield on loans in 2025 increased to 6.03% from 5.92% in 2024, reflecting the effects of gradual paydowns on loans originated prior to interest rates rising in 2022 and 2023 with more recent loans originated at higher market rates. Average outstanding loans receivable increased $40,187,000 (2.2%) to $1,899,433,000 in 2025 from $1,859,246,000 in 2024. The increase in average loans receivable includes the impact of growth in commercial real estate and other commercial loans.

Previous wording

Income from interest-bearing due from banks totaled $1,622,000 in 2024, an increase of $1,277,000 from the total for 2023. Within this category, the largest asset balance in 2024 and 2023 has been interest-bearing deposits held with the Federal Reserve. The average yield on interest-bearing due from banks was 5.38% in 2024, up from 4.31% in 2023. The average balance of interest-bearing due from banks was $119,885,000 in 2024, up $88,156,000 from $31,729,000 in 2023. The increase in interest-bearing due from banks included the net impact of the increase in average total deposits of $94,562,000, a reduction in average available-for-sale debt securities (amortized cost) of $54,384,000 and an increase in average borrowed funds of $27,739,000, partially offset by the increase in the average loans receivable of $71,472,000 and the net use of cash that contributed to an increase in average Bank-Owned Life Insurance of $18,911,000.

Current wording

Income from interest-bearing due from banks totaled $721,000 in 2025, an increase of $338,000 from the total for 2024. Within this category, the largest asset balance in 2025 and 2024 has been interest-bearing deposits held with the Federal Reserve. The average yield on interest-bearing due from banks was 4.31% in 2025, down from 4.71% in 2024. The average balance of interest-bearing due from banks was $67,896,000 in 2025, up $35,171,000 from $32,725,000 in 2024. The net increase in average interest-bearing due from banks for 2025 as compared to 2024 reflected net sources of cash from deposit growth and a reduction in average available-for-sale debt securities, partially offset by net uses of cash for loan growth and a decrease in borrowed funds.

Previous wording

Interest income from available-for-sale debt securities, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, totaled $2,774,000 in 2024, up $16,000 from 2023, as the average yield on available-for-sale debt securities was 2.45% in 2024, up from 2.17% in 2023. The average balance (at amortized cost) of available-for-sale debt securities decreased $54,384,000.

Current wording

Interest income from available-for-sale debt securities, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, totaled $2,950,000 in 2025, up $191,000 from 2024, as the average yield on available-for-sale debt securities was 2.65% in 2025, up from 2.41% in 2024. The average balance (at amortized cost) of available-for-sale debt securities decreased $10,548,000 between periods.

Previous wording

Interest expense on deposits increased $13,024,000, as the average rate on interest-bearing deposits increased to 2.48% in 2024 from 1.45% in 2023. Average total deposits (interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing) amounted to $2,034,335,000 for the first nine months of 2024, up $77,578,000 (4.0%) from the first nine months of 2023. Within average total deposits, average brokered deposits (primarily time and money market) were $70,428,000 with an average interest rate of 5.24% in 2024, up from $40,910,000 with an average interest rate of 4.56% in 2023. Average time deposits increased $92,488,000 and average interest checking deposits increased $47,428,000, while the average balance of savings accounts decreased $39,139,000 and average noninterest-bearing demand deposits decreased $31,814,000.

Current wording

Interest expense on deposits increased $701,000, as the balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $64,446,000 and the average rate increased to 2.45% in 2025 from 2.35% in 2024. Average total deposits (interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing) increased $59,904,000 (3.0%) in the first quarter of 2025 as compared to 2024. Within average deposits, average brokered deposits were $26,580,000 at an average rate of 4.76% in the first quarter of 2025 as compared to $84,318,000 at an average rate of 5.23% in the first quarter of 2024. In comparing the first quarter 2025 to the first quarter 2024, average time deposits increased $65,134,000 and average interest checking deposits increased $24,339,000 while average savings deposits decreased $17,307,000, average total money market accounts decreased $7,720,000 and average noninterest-bearing demand deposits decreased $4,542,000.

Previous wording

Interest expense on borrowed funds increased $621,000 in 2024 as compared to 2023. Interest expense on short-term borrowings of $1,141,000 in 2024 was down from $2,918,000 in 2023 as the average balance of short-term borrowings decreased to $29,086,000 in 2024 from $75,978,000 in 2023. The average rate on short-term borrowings was 5.24% in 2024 compared to 5.13% in 2023. Interest expense on long-term borrowings (FHLB advances) increased $2,393,000 to $5,294,000 in 2024 from $2,901,000 in 2023. The average balance of long-term borrowings was $166,454,000 in 2024, up from an average balance of $103,817,000 in 2023. Borrowings are classified as long-term within the Tables based on their term at origination or assumption in business combinations. The average rate on long-term borrowings was 4.25% in 2024 compared to 3.74% in 2023.

Current wording

Interest expense on borrowed funds decreased $262,000 in 2025 as compared to 2024. Interest expense on short-term borrowings was less than $1,000 in 2025 compared to $597,000 in 2024 as the average balance of short-term borrowings decreased to $1,400,000 in 2025 from $44,462,000 in 2024. Interest expense on long-term borrowings (FHLB advances) increased $333,000 to $1,789,000 in 2025 from $1,456,000 in 2024. The average balance of long-term borrowings was $162,392,000 in 2025, up from an average balance of $142,753,000 in 2024. The average rate on long-term borrowings was 4.47% in 2025 compared to 4.10% in 2024. Borrowings are classified as long-term within the Tables based on their term at origination or assumption in business combinations.

Previous wording

Note: Interest income from tax-exempt securities and loans has been adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis (a non-GAAP measure), using the Corporation’s marginal federal income tax rate of 21%. The following table is a reconciliation of net interest income under U.S. GAAP as compared to net interest income as adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis.

Current wording

Note: Interest income from tax-exempt securities and loans has been adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis (a non-GAAP measure), using the Corporation’s marginal federal income tax rate of 21%. The following table reconciles net interest income under U.S. GAAP as compared to net interest income as adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis.

Previous wording

The income tax provision in interim periods is based on the Corporation’s estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year. The income tax provision for the third quarter 2024 of $1,448,000 was $398,000 lower than the provision for the third quarter 2023 and the provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 of $3,966,000 was $708,000 lower than the amount for the first nine months of 2023 due to lower pre-tax income in 2024. The effective tax rate (tax provision as a percentage of pre-tax income) was 18.5% in the third quarter 2024 compared to 19.6% in the third quarter 2023 and 18.2% for the first nine months of 2024 as compared to 19.0% for the first nine months of 2023. The Corporation’s effective tax rates differ from the statutory federal rate of 21% principally because of the effects of tax-exempt interest income, nondeductible interest expense, state income taxes and other permanent differences.

Current wording

The income tax provision in interim periods is based on the Corporation’s estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year. The income tax provision for the first quarter of 2025 of $1,411,000 was $259,000 higher than the provision for the first quarter of 2024, consistent with the increase in pre-tax income of $1,246,000. The effective tax rate (tax provision as a percentage of pre-tax income) was 18.3% in the first quarter of 2025 compared to 17.8% in the first quarter of 2024. The Corporation’s effective tax rates differ from the statutory federal rate of 21% principally because of the effects of tax-exempt interest income, nondeductible interest expense, state income taxes and other permanent differences.

Previous wording

The Corporation recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The net deferred tax asset at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 represents the following temporary difference components:

Current wording

The Corporation recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The net deferred tax asset at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 represents the following temporary difference components:

Previous wording

As reflected in the table above, the fair value of available-for-sale securities was lower than the amortized cost basis by $38,970,000, or 8.7%, at September 30, 2024, $49,213,000, or 10.6%, at December 31, 2023 and $63,761,000, or 11.3%, at December 31, 2022 while the aggregate unrealized gain position was $6,087,000, or 1.2% at December 31, 2021. The volatility in the fair value of the portfolio, including the reduction in fair value, resulted from changes in interest rates. As shown above, the market yield on the 5-year U.S. Treasury Note was 0.26% lower at September 30, 2024 in comparison to December 31, 2023, 0.41% lower than at December 31, 2022 and 2.32% higher than at December 31, 2021. The table also shows that the amortized cost basis of the portfolio has been reduced to $447,392,000 at September 30, 2024 from $561,794,000 at December 31, 2022 as proceeds from maturities and sales have been used to help fund loan growth and for other purposes.

Current wording

As reflected in the table above, the fair value of available-for-sale securities was lower than the amortized cost basis by $42,374,000, or 9.4% at March 31, 2025, $47,543,000, or 10.6%, at December 31, 2024, $49,213,000, or 10.6%, at December 31, 2023 and $63,761,000, or 11.3%, at December 31, 2022. The volatility in the fair value of the portfolio, including the reduction in fair value, resulted from changes in interest rates. The table also shows that the amortized cost basis of the portfolio has been reduced to $450,837,000 at March 31, 2025 from $561,794,000 at December 31, 2022 as proceeds from maturities and sales have been used to help fund loan growth and for other purposes.

Previous wording

As described in Note 5 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements, management determined the Corporation does not have the intent to sell, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell, available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2024 before it is able to recover the amortized cost basis. Further, management reviewed the Corporation’s holdings as of September 30, 2024 and concluded there were no credit-related declines in fair value. Additional information related to the types

Current wording

As described in Note 5 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements, management determined the Corporation does not have the intent to sell, nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell, available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2025 before it is able to recover the amortized cost basis. Further, management reviewed the Corporation’s holdings as of March 31, 2025 and concluded there were no credit-related declines in fair value. Additional information related to the types of securities held at March 31, 2025, other than securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government entities or agencies, is as follows:

Previous wording

This section includes information regarding the Corporation’s lending activities or other significant changes or exposures that are not otherwise addressed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Significant changes in the average balances of the Corporation’s earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are described in the Net Interest Income section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Other significant balance sheet items, including securities, the allowance for credit losses and stockholders’ equity, are discussed in separate sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Management does not expect the amount of purchases of bank premises and equipment to have a material effect on the Corporation’s financial condition in 2024.

Current wording

This section includes information regarding the Corporation’s lending activities or other significant changes or exposures that are not otherwise addressed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Significant changes in the average balances of the Corporation’s earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are described in the Net Interest Income section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Other significant balance sheet items, including securities, the allowance for credit losses and stockholders’ equity, are discussed in separate sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis. There are no significant concerns that have arisen related to the Corporation’s off-balance sheet loan commitments or outstanding letters of credit at March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

Table VII shows the composition of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2024 and at year-end from 2019 through 2023. The significant loan growth in 2020 reflects the impact of an acquisition of a bank located in Southeastern Pennsylvania. Primarily as a result of the expansion into Southeastern Pennsylvania, as well as expansion by opening two offices in Southcentral Pennsylvania, the mix of the loan portfolio has become predominantly commercial in nature. At September 30, 2024, commercial loans represented 75% of the portfolio while residential loans totaled 22% of the portfolio.

Current wording

Table VII shows the composition of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2025 and at year-end from 2020 through 2024. Throughout this time period, the portfolio was primarily commercial in nature. At March 31, 2025, commercial loans represented 75% of the portfolio while residential loans totaled 21% of the portfolio.

Previous wording

Also included in Table VII is additional detail regarding the composition of the non-owner occupied commercial real estate loan portfolio at September 30, 2024. The data in Table VII shows the recorded investment in non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans for which the primary purpose is utilization of office space by third parties was $96,241,000, or 5.1% of gross loans receivable. At September 30, 2024, within this segment there were two loans with a total recorded investment of $3,204,000 in nonaccrual status with a specific allowance of $14,000 on one loan. During the third quarter 2024, there was a partial charge-off of $640,000 on the other office loan in nonaccrual status which had a specific allowance of $455,000 at June 30, 2024. The charge-off resulted from a decrease in the appraised value of property which is the primary source of collateral. At September 30, 2024, the carrying value of this loan was $1,846,000. At September 30, 2024, there was no specific allowance on this loan though it remained in nonaccrual status. The remainder of the non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans with a primary purpose of office space utilization were in accrual status with no specific allowance at September 30, 2024. The Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis provides additional related discussion.

Current wording

Also included in Table VII is additional detail regarding the composition of the non-owner occupied commercial real estate loan portfolio at March 31, 2025. As shown in Table VII, the amortized cost of non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans for which the primary purpose is utilization of office space by third parties was $108,625,000, or 5.7% of gross loans receivable. At March 31, 2025, within this segment there were two loans with a total amortized cost of $2,954,000 in nonaccrual status with no individual ACL on either loan. The remainder of the non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans with a primary purpose of office space utilization were in accrual status with no specific allowance at March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

While the Corporation’s lending activities are primarily concentrated in its market areas, a portion of the Corporation’s commercial loan segment consists of participation loans. Participation loans represent portions of larger commercial transactions for which other institutions are the “lead banks”. Although not the lead bank, the Corporation conducts detailed underwriting and monitoring of participation loan opportunities. Total participation loans outstanding amounted to $35,652,000 at September 30, 2024 down from $38,652,000 at December 31, 2023.

Current wording

While the Corporation’s lending activities are primarily concentrated in its market areas, a portion of the Corporation’s commercial loan segment consists of participation loans. Participation loans represent portions of larger commercial transactions for which other institutions are the “lead banks”. Although not the lead bank, the Corporation conducts detailed underwriting and monitoring of participation loan opportunities. Total participation loans outstanding amounted to $34,901,000 at March 31, 2025 down from $35,129,000 at December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance risk, including commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. At September 30, 2024, the total contract amount of commitments to extend credit was $378,535,000 as compared to $395,997,000 at December 31, 2023, and the contract amount of standby letters of credit increased to $64,938,000 at September 30, 2024 from $19,158,000 at December 31, 2023. The increase in standby letters of credit at September 30, 2024 included a $40,000,000 letter of credit with a one-year term, subject to annual review for possible renewal, that was issued to guarantee performance on behalf of a municipal customer. This letter of credit is collateralized by the municipal customer’s investments in certificates of deposit and marketable securities.

Current wording

The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance risk, including commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. At March 31, 2025, the total contract amount of commitments to extend credit was $379,125,000 as compared to $380,003,000 at December 31, 2024, and the contract amount of standby letters of credit was $64,001,000 at March 31, 2025 as compared to $64,586,000 at December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

The Corporation maintains an allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded balances for existing lines of credit, commitments to extend future credit, commercial letters of credit and credit enhancement obligations related to residential mortgage loans sold with recourse, when there is a contractual obligation to extend credit and when this extension of credit is not unconditionally cancellable (i.e. commitment cannot be canceled at any time). The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over their estimated lives. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures of $593,000 at September 30, 2024 and $690,000 at December 31, 2023, is included in accrued interest and other liabilities on the unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Current wording

The Corporation maintains an allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded balances for existing lines of credit, commitments to extend future credit, commercial letters of credit and credit enhancement obligations related to residential mortgage loans sold with recourse, when there is a contractual obligation to extend credit and when this extension of credit is not unconditionally cancellable (i.e. commitment cannot be canceled at any time). The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over their estimated lives. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures of $463,000 at March 31, 2025 and $455,000 at December 31, 2024, is included in accrued interest and other liabilities in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets.

Previous wording

For loan sales originated under the MPF programs, the Corporation provides customary representations and warranties to investors that specify, among other things, that the loans have been underwritten to the standards established by the investor. The Corporation may be required to repurchase a loan and reimburse a portion of fees received or reimburse the investor for a credit loss incurred on a loan, if it is determined that the representations and warranties have not been met. Such repurchases or reimbursements generally result from an underwriting or documentation deficiency. At September 30, 2024, the total outstanding balance of loans the Corporation has repurchased as a result of identified instances of noncompliance amounted to $2,698,000, and the corresponding total outstanding balance of repurchased loans at December 31, 2023 was $2,839,000.

Current wording

For loan sales originated under the MPF programs, the Corporation provides customary representations and warranties to investors that specify, among other things, that the loans have been underwritten to the standards established by the investor. The Corporation may be required to repurchase a loan and reimburse a portion of fees received or reimburse the investor for a credit loss incurred on a loan, if it is determined that the representations and warranties have not been met. Such repurchases or reimbursements generally result from an underwriting or documentation deficiency. At March 31, 2025, the total outstanding balance of loans the Corporation has repurchased as a result of identified instances of noncompliance amounted to $2,513,000, and the corresponding total outstanding balance of repurchased loans at December 31, 2024 was $2,671,000.

Previous wording

At September 30, 2024, outstanding balances of loans sold and serviced through the MPF Xtra and Original programs totaled $325,004,000, including loans sold through the MPF Xtra program of $152,880,000 and loans sold through the Original program of $172,124,000. At December 31, 2023, outstanding balances of loans sold and serviced through the two programs totaled $323,298,000, including loans sold through the MPF Xtra program of $150,015,000 and loans sold through the Original Program of $173,283,000. Based on the fairly limited volume of required repurchases to date, no allowance has been established for representation and warranty exposures as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Current wording

At March 31, 2025, outstanding balances of loans sold and serviced through the MPF Xtra and Original programs totaled $329,761,000, including loans sold through the MPF Xtra program of $156,703,000 and loans sold through the Original program of $173,058,000. At December 31, 2024, outstanding balances of loans sold and serviced through the MPF Xtra and Original programs totaled $329,766,000, including loans sold through the MPF Xtra program of $158,302,000 and loans sold through the Original program of $171,464,000. Based on the fairly limited volume of required repurchases to date, no allowance has been established for representation and warranty exposures as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

A summary of the provision (credit) for credit losses for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Current wording

A summary of the provision (credit) for credit losses for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

Previous wording

For the quarter ended September 30, 2024, there was a provision for credit losses of $1,207,000, an increase of $2,432,000 compared to a credit for credit losses (reduction in expense) of $1,225,000 in third quarter 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, there was a provision for credit losses of $2,726,000, an increase of $3,491,000 compared to acredit for credit losses of $765,000 in 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the provision related to loans receivable included the impact of increases in the ACL from an increase in qualitative adjustments resulting mainly from changes in external indexes and an increase in past due and nonaccrual loans as well as net charge-offs in excess of specific allowances. The ACL as a percentage of gross loans receivable increased to 1.08% at September 30, 2024 from 1.04% at December 31, 2023; in comparison, the ACL dropped to 0.99% of gross loans receivable at September 30, 2023 from 1.08% upon adoption of CECL on January 1, 2023.

Current wording

For the quarter ended March 31, 2025, there was a provision for credit losses of $236,000, a decrease of $718,000 from a provision for credit losses of $954,000 in first quarter 2024. For the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the provision related to loans receivable included the impact of an increase in the ACL related to changes in qualitative factors partially offset by a decrease in the ACL from a decrease in average net charge-off experience. The ACL as a percentage of gross loans receivable was 1.06% at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 compared to 1.07% at March 31, 2024.

Previous wording

Table IX also shows that, at September 30, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023, the ACL related to collectively evaluated commercial loans increased by a total of $1,741,000 and the ACL on collectively evaluated consumer loans increased $67,000, while the ACL on collectively evaluated residential mortgage loans decreased $4,000. The increase for commercial loans includes the impact of an increase in qualitative adjustments resulting mainly from changes in external indexes and an increase in past due and nonaccrual loans.

Current wording

Table IX also shows that, at March 31, 2025 as compared to December 31, 2024, the ACL related to collectively evaluated commercial loans increased by a total of $187,000 while the ACL on collectively evaluated residential mortgage loans decreased $75,000 and the ACL on collectively evaluated consumer loans decreased $42,000. The net increase in qualitative adjustments for commercial loans included an increase in a factor related to past due and nonaccrual loans offset by a decrease in a factor related to non-owner occupied commercial real estate and construction and land loan concentrations.

Previous wording

In the first nine months of 2024, net charge-offs totaled $1,589,000, or 0.08% (0.11% annualized) of average outstanding loans. In addition to the two charge-offs described above, in the third quarter 2024 there was a partial charge-off of $427,000 on two commercial construction and land loans to one borrower with a specific ACL of $447,000 at June 30, 2024 and no specific ACL at December 31, 2023. At September 30, 2024, the carrying value of these loans totaled $1,883,000 with no specific allowance on the loans. Table VIII shows annual average net charge-off rates ranging from a high of 0.26% in 2022 to a low of 0.01% in 2023.

Current wording

In the first quarter of 2025, net charge-offs totaled $91,000, or 0.02% (annualized) of average outstanding loans. Table VIII shows annual average net charge-off rates over the prior five calendar years ranging from a high of 0.26% in 2022 to a low of 0.01% in 2023.

Previous wording

Table X shows that total nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets was 0.92% at September 30, 2024, up from 0.75% at December 31, 2023 but lower than at year-end 2020 through 2022. Total nonperforming assets were $24,638,000 at September 30, 2024, up from $18,845,000 at December 31, 2023. Nonperforming loans included an increase in nonaccrual loans of $9,244,000 from December 31, 2023, while loans past due 90 days or more still accruing decreased $3,134,000 from December 31, 2023. In the first nine

Current wording

Table X shows that total nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets was 0.93% at March 31, 2025, up from 0.92% at December 31, 2024 and 0.75% at December 31, 2023 but lower than at year-end 2020 through 2022. Total nonperforming assets were $24,329,000 at March 31, 2025, up from $24,142,000 at December 31, 2024. Nonperforming loans included an increase in nonaccrual loans of $264,000 from December 31, 2024, while loans past due 90 days or more still accruing decreased $95,000 from December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

Table X also shows that loans past due 30-89 days totaled $15,906,000 at September 30, 2024, up from $9,275,000 at December 31, 2023. The net increase includes a multi-family residential loan with a carrying value of $7,650,000 that was 60 days past due at September 30, 2024. The property that collateralizes this loan is a newly-built apartment complex for which construction was completed to the point of allowing tenants to begin occupying the units in the summer of 2024. Based on management’s assessment of appraisal and market information, and support provided by a guarantor, there was no individual ACL on this loan at September 30, 2024.

Current wording

Table X also shows that loans past due 30-89 days totaled $8,452,000 at March 31, 2025, up from $5,658,000 at December 31, 2024. The net increase included an owner-occupied commercial loan with a carrying value of $2,753,000 that was 89 days past due at March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

Over the period 2019-2023 and the first nine months of 2024, each period includes a few large commercial relationships that have required significant monitoring and workout efforts. As a result, a limited number of relationships may significantly impact the total amount of allowance required on individual loans and may significantly impact the provision for credit losses and the amount of total charge-offs reported in any one period.

Current wording

Over the period 2020-2024 and the first quarter of 2025, each period includes a few large commercial relationships that have required significant monitoring and workout efforts. As a result, a limited number of relationships may significantly impact the total amount of allowance required on individual loans and may significantly impact the provision for credit losses and the amount of total charge-offs reported in any one period.

Previous wording

Management believes it has been conservative in its decisions concerning identification of loans requiring individual evaluation for credit loss, estimates of loss, and nonaccrual status; however, the actual losses realized from these relationships could vary materially from the allowances calculated as of September 30, 2024. Management continues to closely monitor its commercial loan relationships for credit losses and will adjust its estimates of loss and decisions concerning nonaccrual status, if appropriate.

Current wording

Management believes it has been prudent in its decisions concerning identification of loans requiring individual evaluation for credit loss, estimates of loss, and nonaccrual status; however, the actual losses realized from these relationships could vary materially from the allowances calculated as of March 31, 2025. Management continues to closely monitor its commercial loan relationships for credit losses and will adjust its estimates of loss and decisions concerning nonaccrual status, if appropriate.

Previous wording

The Corporation maintains overnight borrowing facilities with several correspondent banks that provide a source of day-to-day liquidity. Also, the Corporation maintains borrowing facilities with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh, secured by various mortgage loans.

Current wording

The Corporation maintains borrowing facilities with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh, secured by various mortgage loans. In addition, the Corporation maintains overnight borrowing facilities with several correspondent banks that provide a source of day-to-day liquidity.

Previous wording

The Corporation has a line of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia’s Discount Window. Management intends to use this line of credit as a contingency funding source. As collateral for the line, the Corporation has pledged available-for-sale debt securities with a carrying value of $19,387,000 at September 30, 2024.

Current wording

The Corporation has a line of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia’s Discount Window. Management intends to use this line of credit as a contingency funding source. As collateral for the line, the Corporation has pledged available-for-sale debt securities with a carrying value of $18,236,000 at March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

At September 30, 2024, the Corporation’s outstanding credit facilities with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh consisted of short-term advances of $10,000,000, long-term borrowings of $174,617,000 and letters of credit totaling $23,241,000. At December 31, 2023, the Corporation’s outstanding credit facilities with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh consisted of overnight and short-term borrowings of $31,500,000, long-term borrowings of $138,313,000 and letters of credit totaling $19,208,000. Additional information regarding borrowed funds is included in Note 8 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Current wording

At March 31, 2025, the Corporation’s outstanding credit facilities with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh consisted of long-term borrowings with par values totaling $154,423,000 and letters of credit totaling $22,117,000. At December 31, 2024, the Corporation’s outstanding credit facilities with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh consisted of long-term borrowings with par values totaling $165,451,000 and letters of credit totaling $23,241,000. Additional information regarding borrowed funds is included in Note 8 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Previous wording

Additionally, the Corporation uses “RepoSweep” arrangements to borrow funds from commercial banking customers on an overnight basis. If required to raise cash in an emergency situation, the Corporation could sell available-for-sale securities to meet its obligations or use repurchase agreements placed with brokers to borrow funds secured by investment assets. At September 30, 2024, the carrying value of available-for-sale securities in excess of amounts required to meet pledging or repurchase agreement obligations was $223,060,000.

Current wording

Additionally, the Corporation uses “RepoSweep” arrangements to borrow funds from commercial banking customers on an overnight basis. If required to raise cash in an emergency situation, the Corporation could sell available-for-sale securities to meet its obligations or use repurchase agreements placed with brokers to borrow funds secured by investment assets. At March 31, 2025, the carrying value of available-for-sale securities in excess of amounts required to meet pledging or repurchase agreement obligations was $270,496,000.

Previous wording

As shown in the table below, at September 30, 2024, estimated uninsured deposits totaled $655.6 million, or 30.5% of total deposits, as compared to $592.2 million or 29.2% of total deposits at December 31, 2023. Included in uninsured deposits are deposits collateralized by securities (almost exclusively municipal deposits) totaling $183.3 million at September 30, 2024. As shown in the table below, total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits amounted to 21.9% of total deposits at September 30, 2024, as compared to 21.7% at December 31, 2023.

Current wording

As shown in the table below, at March 31, 2025, estimated uninsured deposits totaled $621.5 million, or 29.3% of total deposits, as compared to $632.8 million, or 30.0% of total deposits at December 31, 2024. Included in uninsured deposits are deposits collateralized by securities (almost exclusively municipal deposits) totaling $138.2 million at March 31, 2025. As shown in the table below, total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits amounted to 22.8% of total deposits at March 31, 2025, as compared to 22.3% at December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

As summarized in the table that immediately follows, the Corporation’s highly liquid sources of available funds described above, including unused borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh, unused availability on the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia’s discount window, available federal funds lines with other banks and unencumbered available-for-sale debt securities totaled $1.1 billion at September 30, 2024. Available funding from these sources totaled 160.8% of uninsured deposits and 223.2% of total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits at September 30, 2024.

Current wording

As summarized in the table that immediately follows, the Corporation’s highly liquid sources of available funds described above, including unused borrowing capacity with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh, unused availability on the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia’s discount window, available federal funds lines with other banks and unencumbered available-for-sale debt securities, totaled $1.1 billion at March 31, 2025. Available funding from these sources totaled 182.7% of uninsured deposits and 234.9% of total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits at March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

In August 2018, the Federal Reserve Board issued an interim final rule that expanded applicability of the Board’s small bank holding company policy statement. The interim final rule raised the policy statement’s asset threshold from $1 billion to $3 billion in total consolidated assets for a bank holding company or savings and loan holding company that: (1) is not engaged in significant nonbanking activities; (2) does not conduct significant off-balance sheet activities; and (3) does not have a material amount of debt or equity securities, other than trust-preferred securities, outstanding. The interim final rule provides that, if warranted for supervisory purposes, the Federal Reserve may exclude a company from the threshold increase. Management believes the Corporation meets the conditions of the Federal Reserve’s small bank holding company policy statement and is therefore excluded from consolidated capital requirements at September 30, 2024; however, C&N Bank remains subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies.

Current wording

In August 2018, the Federal Reserve Board issued an interim final rule that expanded applicability of the Board’s small bank holding company policy statement. The interim final rule raised the policy statement’s asset threshold from $1 billion to $3 billion in total consolidated assets for a bank holding company or savings and loan holding company that: (1) is not engaged in significant nonbanking activities; (2) does not conduct significant off-balance sheet activities; and (3) does not have a material amount of debt or equity securities, other than trust-preferred securities, outstanding. The interim final rule provides that, if warranted for supervisory purposes, the Federal Reserve may exclude a company from the threshold increase. Management believes the Corporation meets the conditions of the Federal Reserve’s small bank holding company policy statement and is therefore excluded from consolidated capital requirements at March 31, 2025; however, management believes the Corporation will probably be subject to the consolidated capital requirements upon completion of the previously described acquisition of SQCF. Further, at March 31, 2025, C&N Bank remains subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies.

Previous wording

At September 30, 2024, C&N Bank’s Capital Conservation Buffer, determined based on the minimum total capital ratio, was 6.96%.

Current wording

At March 31, 2025, C&N Bank’s Capital Conservation Buffer, determined based on the minimum total capital ratio, was 7.23%.