PERUSAHAAN PERSEROAN PERSERO PT TELEKOMUNIKASI INDONESIA TBK

3G

The generic term for third generation mobile telecommunications technology. 3G offers high speed connections to cellular phones and other mobile devices, enabling video conference and other applications requiring broadband connectivity to the internet.

3.5G

A grouping of disparate mobile telephony and data technologies designed to provide better performance than 3G systems, as an interim step towards deployment of full 4G/LTE capability.

4G/LTE

A fourth-generation super-fast internet network technology based on IP that makes the process of data transfer much faster and more stable than 3.5G.

5G

A fifth-generation of cellular mobile communications which targets high data rate, reduced latency, energy saving, cost reduction, higher system capacity and massive device connectivity.

5G Fixed Wireless Access Technology Roadmap

The strategic plan that outlines the deployment of 5G networks to provide high-speed, reliable wireless internet connectivity directly to homes and businesses.

A2P SMS

Application-to-Person SMS messaging, a process by which an SMS message is produced from an application and is sent to a mobile subscriber. Businesses can use it for communicating with consumers, authenticating users of online services, and/or delivering time-sensitive alerts. Typical examples of A2P SMS messaging include marketing and promotional messages (e.g., loyalty programs and marketing notifications) and confirmations and alerts (e.g., banking notifications, critical alerts, SMS-based two factor authentication, automatic booking confirmations and reminders).

ADRs

American depositary receipts which, if issued, represents our ADSs.

ADSs

Our American depositary shares, which are certificates traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Each of our ADSs represents 100 shares of common stock.

AI

Artificial intelligence, intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence of humans and other animals.

APMK

Alat Pembayaran Menggunakan Kartu or card-based payment instruments, a payment instrument in the form of credit cards, ATM and/or debit cards.

ARPU

Average Revenue per User, a measure used primarily by telecommunications and networking companies which states how much revenue is generated by users on average during the relevant measurement period. It is defined as the total revenue from specified services divided by the number of users of such services.

ATM

Automated Teller Machine.

B2B

Business-to-business, arrangements and transactions between businesses.

B2C

Business-to-consumers, arrangements and transactions between businesses and consumers.

Backbone

The main telecommunications network consisting of transmission and switching facilities connecting several network access nodes. The transmission links between nodes and switching facilities include microwaves, submarine cables, satellites, fiber optic and other transmission technology.

Bandwidth

The capacity of a communication link.

Bapepam-LK

Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal dan Lembaga Keuangan, or the Indonesian Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Agency, the predecessor to the OJK.

BI

Bank Indonesia, the central bank of the Republic of Indonesia.

Bitstream

A continuous sequence of binary digits, consisting of 1s and 0s, that represents a flow of data being transmitted or stored.

Broadband

A signaling method that includes or handles a relatively wide range (or band) of frequencies.

BRTI

The* Badan Regulasi Telekomunikasi Indonesia*, or Indonesian Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, a Government body in charge of regulating Indonesia’s telecommunications sector.

BTS

Base Transceiver Station, equipment that transmits and receives radio telephony signals to and from other telecommunications systems.

Business Competition Law

Law No. 5 of 1999 on Prohibition of Monopolistic Practice and Unfair Business Competition, as amended by the Job Creation Law 2023.

CDN

Content Delivery Network, a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers, which provides high availability and performance by distributing the service spatially relative to end-users.

CFU

Customer Facing Unit, an organizational unit similar to a strategic business unit that interacts with specific customer segments, has responsibility for their respective profit and loss, and which regroups subsidiaries and business portfolios relevant to the specific customer segments it is in charge of interacting with.

CLS

Cable Landing Station, a facility where submarine telecommunications cables land, connecting the underwater network infrastructure to the terrestrial networks, enabling data transmission between continents and countries.

Common stock

Our Series B Shares having a par value of Rp50 per share.

COVID-19

The global 2019 novel coronavirus and its variants.

Constitutional Court

Mahkamah Konstitusi or the Constitutional Court, the state institutions in Indonesia that exercises judicial power and has the primary role of reviewing the constitutionality of Laws.

CPaaS

Communications Platform-as-a-Service, a cloud-based platform that provides the ability to customers to add real-time communication features to their business applications. SMS, voice, or other messaging capabilities are features that can be added to such business applications.

CPE

Customer Premises Equipment, any handset, receiver, set-top box, or other equipment used by the consumer of wireless, fixed line or broadband services, which is the property of the network operator and located on the customer’s premises.

DCS

Digital Communication System, a cellular system using GSM technology operating in the 1.8 GHz frequency.

DBPP

Defined Benefit Pension Plan, a type of pension plan in which an employer promises a specified monthly benefit on retirement that is predetermined by a formula based on the employee’s earnings history, tenure of service and age,

rather than depending on investment returns. It is considered ‘defined’ in the sense that the formula for computing the retirement benefits is known in advance.

DCPP

Defined Contribution Pension Plan, a type of retirement plan in which the amount of the employer’s annual contribution is specified. Individual accounts are set up for participants and benefits are based on the amounts credited to these accounts (through the employer’s contributions and, if applicable, the employee’s contributions) plus any investment earnings on the money in the account. Only the employer’s contributions to the account, and not future benefits, are guaranteed. In defined contribution plans, future benefits fluctuate on the basis of investment earnings.

Deposit Agreement

The deposit agreement entered by and among our Company, the Depositary for our ADSs and all owners and beneficial owners, from time to time, of ADRs issued under that agreement, dated November 21, 1995, as amended and supplemented, from time to time.

Depositary

Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, which serves as the depositary for our ADSs under the terms of the Deposit Agreement.

DGPIO

The Director General of Post and Informatics Operations of the Republic of Indonesia, an official in MoCD who is responsible for overseeing and certifying the operations of postal services and information technology within Indonesia.

DGT

Directorate General of Taxes, a Government body under the Ministry of Finance of Indonesia that is responsible for developing taxation-related policies.

DTH

Direct-to-Home satellite broadcasting, the distribution of television signals from high-powered geostationary satellites to small dish antennas and satellite receivers in homes across the country.

Dwiwarna Share

The Series A Dwiwarna Share having a par value of Rp50 per share, which is held by the Government and provides special voting rights and veto rights over certain matters related to our corporate governance. For more information, see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions — Major Shareholders — Relationship with the Government and Government Agencies.”

E-Commerce

Electronic commerce, the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks.

E-Money

Electronic money, money or script that is only exchanged electronically.

E-KYC**

**** **Electronic Know your Client, a process by which a customer’s identity and address are verified electronically.

EDGE

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM.

ESG

Environmental, Social and Governance.

EU

The European Union.

FANS

Fixed Access Network Sharing, a framework where multiple service providers share the same fixed network infrastructure to provide telecommunications services to end-users.

Fiber Optic

Cables using optical fiber and laser technology through which modulating light beams representing data are transmitted through thin filaments of glass, silica, or plastic.

Fintech

Products, services, and companies that employ or relate to digital and online technologies in the banking and financial services industries.

Fixed Line

Fixed wireline and fixed wireless.

Fixed Wireless

A local wireless transmission link using a cellular, microwave, or radio technology to connect customers at a fixed location to the local telephone exchange.

FLOU Cloud

Our cloud service, which is designed to support the digitalization of Indonesian startups, SMEs, enterprises, and government agencies.

FMC

Fixed-Mobile Convergence, a move in the telecommunications industry towards providing seamless connectivity by integrating fixed and wireless networks to deliver unified services to users.

FTTx**

Fiber To Thex, a collective term used in telecommunications to describe various network architectures that use fiber optic cables to deliver high-speed internet and communication services to end-users. The “x” in FTTx represents the point at which the fiber optic connection ends in the network relative to the end-user. Common FTTx configurations include Fiber to the Home (“FTTH”) and Fiber to the Building/Business (“FTTB”).

Future State Architecture

A conceptual blueprint that represents an organization’s direction for technological development and transformation, planning the evolution of its systems to achieve strategic goals.

Gateway

A peripheral that bridges a packet-based network (IP) and a circuit-based network (PSTN).

Gb

Gigabit, a unit of information used, for example, to quantify computer memory or storage capacity.

Gbps

Gigabits per second, a measure of speed for digital signal transmission expressed in billions of bits per second passing between equipment in a data transmission system.

GHG

Greenhouse gases.

GHz

Gigahertz, a unit of measure of frequency equal to one billion cycles per second. The hertz (symbol Hz) is the international standard unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon.

GMS

General Meeting of Shareholders, which may be an annual general meeting of shareholders (“AGMS”) or an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders (“EGMS”).

GPON

Gigabyte-Passive Optical Network, the most widely deployed type of passive optical network system that brings fiber optic cabling and signals all or most of the way to end-users.

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service, a data packet switching technology that allows information to be sent and received across a mobile network and only utilizes the network when there is data to be sent.

GraPARI

Telkomsel’s customer service centers in Indonesia.

GSM

Global System for Mobile Telecommunications, a European standard for digital cellular telephone.

HAP

High Altitude Platform, a system comprising various aerial vehicles, such as balloons or drones, situated in the stratosphere and used for communication and observation purposes.

ICT

Information and communications technology, an area concerned with information technology, telecommunications networking and services and other aspects of managing and processing information.

IDD

International Direct Dialing, a service that allows a subscriber to make an international call without the assistance or intervention of an operator from any telephone terminal.

IFRS

International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

IGG

Indonesia Global Gateway, a submarine fiber optic cable system covering several cities in Indonesia.

IMS

IP multimedia subsystem, a service which combines wireless and fixed line technologies for voice and data communications.

Indonesia Broadband Plan

A strategic initiative aimed at expanding and enhancing internet connectivity across Indonesia to foster economic growth and improve access to information.

Indonesia Cyber Core

The strategic framework and capabilities developed by the Government to safeguard Indonesia’s cyber space, aligning with national interests and political strategies.

Industry 4.0

The transformative phase in manufacturing that emphasizes automation, real-time data, interconnectivity, machine learning, and cyber-physical systems to create smart, interconnected production facilities.

Interconnection

The physical linking of a carrier’s network with equipment or facilities not belonging to that network.

IODN

Intelligent Optical Distribution Network, a pioneering technology that augments FTTH networks’ efficiency by integrating smart components such as eIDs and tools for the advanced management and operation of fiber optics, streamlining service provisioning and reducing manual errors.

IoT

The Internet of Things, infrastructure which interconnects physical and virtual things using interoperable information and communication technologies.

IP

The Internet Protocol, a set of communications protocols for exchanging data over the internet.

IP Core

A block of logic data that is used in making a field-programmable gate array or application-specific integrated circuit for a product.

IPTV

Internet Protocol Television, a system through which television services are delivered using the Internet Protocol suite over a packet-switched network such as the internet, instead of being delivered through traditional terrestrial, satellite signal, and cable television formats.

ISO**

**International Organization for Standardization, an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of 168 national standards bodies.

ISP

Internet Services Provider**,** an organization that provides access to the internet.

IT

Information Technology.

JATS

Jakarta Automated Trading System, an electronic system used by the Jakarta Stock Exchange to facilitate automated order matching for securities trading.

Job Creation Law 2023

Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 2 of 2022 on Job Creation which (i) has been enacted into law on March 31, 2023 under Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 6 of 2023, and (ii) revokes and replaces Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.11 of 2020 on Job Creation (the “Job Creation Law 2020”).

KPPU

Komisi Pengawasan Persaingan Usaha or Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition of the Republic of Indonesia.

KSO**

** Kerja Sama Operasior Joint Operations.

KSU**

**Koperasi Serba Usaha or Multi-Purpose Cooperative.

LAN

Local Area Network, a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings.

Leased

A dedicated telecommunications transmissions line linking one fixed point to another, rented from an operator for exclusive use.

LoRa**

** From “long range,” a physical proprietary radio communication technique that is based on spread spectrum modulation techniques derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology.

LPWAN

Low-Power Wide-Area Network, a wireless telecommunications network technology designed for long-range communications at a low bit rate, optimally powering large-scale IoT deployments.

Mbps

Megabits per second, a measure of speed for digital signal transmission expressed in millions of bits per second passing between equipment in a data transmission system.

MEC

Multi-access Edge Computing, a network architecture that enhances cloud computing by bringing computational power, data storage, and services closer to the user right at the edge of the network.

Metro Ethernet

Bridge or relationship between locations that are apart geographically. This network connects LAN customers at several different locations.

MHz

Megahertz, a unit of measure of frequency equal to one million cycles per second. The hertz (symbol Hz) is the international standard unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon.

ML

Machine Learning, the technology that enables computers to learn and improve from data and experiences without being directly programmed to do so.

MMS

Multimedia Messaging Service, a standard way to send messages that include multimedia content, such as images, audio, video, and rich text, to and from mobile phones over a cellular network.

MNO

Mobile network operator, sometimes also known as a carrier service provider, mobile phone operator or mobile network carrier, which provides telecommunications services such as wireless voice and data communication to subscribed mobile users.

Mobile Broadband

The marketing term for wireless internet access through a portable modem, mobile phone, USB Wireless Modem, or other mobile devices.

MoCD

Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital or the Ministry of Communication and Digital of the Republic of Indonesia (formerly known as the “Ministry of Communication and Informatics or “MoCI,”). effective as of October 2024). In this Form 20-F, any reference to MoCD refers to the same institution previously known as MoCI prior to the name change and encompasses the roles, functions, and authorities formerly held by MoCI.

MoF

The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia.

MoL

Kementerian Hukumor the Ministry of Law of the Republic of Indonesia (formerly known as the Ministry of Law and Human Rights or “MoLHR”).

MOU

Memorandum of Understanding.

MSAN

Multi-Service Access Node, a network device typically installed in a telephone exchange that connects customers’ telephone lines to the core network, providing multiple services including telephone, ISDN, and broadband such as DSL all from a single platform, serving as the boundary between customer interfaces and the transport network.

MSME

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise.

MSOE

Kementerian Badan Usaha Milik Negara or the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia.

Multi-Service Aggregation Networks

A network architecture that consolidates various network services, such as voice, data, and video, onto a single, scalable platform to optimize resource utilization and enhance service delivery.

MVA

Megavolt-amperes, the unit used to measure the apparent power in an electrical circuit.

MVNO

Mobile virtual network operator, a provider of telecommunications services such as voice and data communication to subscribed mobile users that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides its services.

NAP

Network Access Point, a key interchange for ISPs to connect and exchange traffic in a high-connectivity facility, which may also serve as a juncture for multiple carriers and content providers.

Neutra DC

Neutral Data Center facilities, specifically under Telkom Group’s NeutraDC brand in Singapore, offering colocation and cloud services.

Next Generation Network

A packet-based network able to provide multiple services, including telecommunications services, and to make use of multiple broadband and quality-of-service-enabled technologies, in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. Such a network is able to handle multiple types of traffic (such asvoice, data, andmultimedia) by encapsulating these into packets, similar to how packets are transmitted over the internet.

NFV

Network Function Virtualization, a technology that decouples network functions, such as routing, load balancing, and firewalls, from proprietary hardware appliances, instead running these functions as software on standardized computing hardware.

NGSO satellite

Non-Geostationary Orbit satellite, satellite orbits where satellites are not stationary relative to the Earth’s surface but move across the sky, such as Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), and Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) satellites.

NIB

Nomor Induk Berusaha or Business Identification Number, a unique identifier issued by the government to all businesses operating in Indonesia through the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. It is a substitute for various other licenses and permits, including customs duties access rights. The NIB is obligatory for businesses seeking to (i) apply for new business licenses and/or commercial or operational licenses, or (ii) extend or modify existing business licenses and/or commercial or operational licenses.

NYSE

The New York Stock Exchange.

Open Cable Technology

Submarine cable systems that provide the purchaser or Internet Content Provider (“ICP”) with the flexibility to select their own Submarine Line Terminating Equipment (“SLTE”), instead of being limited to pre-installed hardware, which allows for greater freedom in network design and operation.

ONT

Optical Network Terminal, a device that converts fiber-optic signals into usable data formats (e.g., Ethernet) at the customer’s premises in a fiber-to-the-home (“FTTH”) setup.

OJK

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, or the Indonesian Financial Services Authority, the successor of Bapepam-LK, an independent institution with authority to regulate and supervise financial services activities in the banking sector, capital market sector as well as non-bank financial industry sector.

OSS

The Online Single Submission system, an integrated Government service platform designed to streamline business licensing and improve efficiency in regulatory compliance for companies in Indonesia.

OTT

Over The Top, a generic term commonly used to refer to the delivery of audio, video, and other media over the internet without the involvement of a multiple-system operator in the control or distribution of the content.

Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan

Land tax in Indonesia, also known asPajak Bumi dan Bangunan(PBB), which is levied on land ownership and is a key component of Indonesia’s taxation system.

Pay TV

Pay Television, premium television, or premium channels, subscription-based television services, usually provided by both analog and digital cable and satellite, but also increasingly via digital terrestrial and internet television.

Point of presence

An access point, location or facility that connects to and helps other devices establish a connection with the internet, which may consist of a router, switches, servers, and other data communication devices. We operate two layers of points of presence, namely main and primary points of presence. A “main point of presence” is the transport backbone that aggregates national traffic. A “primary point of presence” is the aggregate regional transport backbone which has the capability of creating services.

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network, a telephone network operated and maintained by us that provides infrastructure and services for public telecommunications. Originally only an analog system, the PSTN is now almost entirely digital, even though most subscribers are connected via analog circuits. It now includes mobile phones in addition to fixed-line phones.

Radio frequency spectrum

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to radio frequencies, (i.e., frequencies lower than around 300 GHz, or equivalently, wavelengths longer than about 1 millimeter).

Regional Business Unit

Our Company’s organizational units in the form of divisions that are formed on a geographical basis, and each of them is differentiated based on the regional scope of its operations.

Rich Communication Services

A communication protocol designed to enhance messaging with features like high-resolution media sharing, read receipts, and typing indicators, seeking to supersede traditional SMS and MMS standards.

RIO

Reference Interconnection Offer, a regulatory term covering all facilities, including interconnection tariffs, technical facilities and administrative issues offered by one telecommunications operator to other telecommunications operator for interconnection access.

SBC

Session Border Controller, a specialized device that secures and regulates SIP-based VoIP communications at network borders, ensuring call quality, integrity, interoperability, and efficient traffic management.

SBUJK

Sertifikat Badan Usaha Jasa Konstruksi, the construction services business entity certificate issued by the Indonesian Construction Services Development Institute (Lembaga Pengembangan Jasa Konstruksi), which is legally required for construction service companies that wish to participate in construction projects within Indonesia.

SCCS

Submarine Communications Cable System, a cable laid on the seabed between land-based stations to carry telecommunications signals across the ocean.

SDAN

Software Defined Access Network, the application of SDN principles to the access network, which connects end-users’ premises to the central network infrastructure of a service provider.

SDN

Software-Defined Networking, an architecture that dynamically manages networks programmatically, enabling centralized, flexible, and efficient control through abstraction of lower-level functionality.

SD-WAN

Software-defined Wide Area Network, an approach that uses software to deploy, operate and manage WAN architectures more easily and with increased connectivity.

SEA-US

Our fiber-optic submarine cable network connecting Southeast Asia (Indonesia and the Philippines) to the United States.

SEA-ME-WE-5

Our submarine fiber-optic communication cable system connecting Singapore to France and Italy through 17 countries.

Service node technologies

Essential components within a communications network infrastructure designed to manage data delivery, integrating various functionalities, and ensuring optimal service quality and efficiency.

SFU

Single Family Unit, a fiber-optic network solution or device designed specifically to provide broadband services to individual, standalone residential homes.

SIM Card

Subscriber Identity Module card, a microchip in a mobile phone that connects it to a particular phone network.

SLA calculations

Service Level Agreement calculations, monitoring and analyzing traffic across all segments and routes to ensure that network performance meets the agreed-upon targets.

SME

Small and Medium Enterprise.

SMS

Short Messaging Service, a technology allowing the exchange of text messages between mobile phones and between fixed wireless phones.

SOE

State-Owned Enterprise, a Government-owned corporation, state-owned company, state-owned entity, state enterprise, publicly owned corporation, Government business enterprise, or parastatal, a legal entity created by a Government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of a Government owner.

Softswitch

A central device in a telephone network that connects calls from one phone line to another, entirely by means of software running on a computer system. This work was formerly carried out by hardware, with physical switchboards to route the calls.

Switch

A mechanical, electrical or electronic device that opens or closes circuits, completes or breaks an electrical path, or selects paths or circuits, used to route traffic in a telecommunications network.

TDM

Time Division Multiplexing, a method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path by means of synchronized switches that allow multiple data streams to share a single communication channel sequentially.

Telecommunications BHP

Biaya Hak Penggunaan or right of use fee, a fee that mobile operators pay to the Government in connection with their use of radio frequencies for their network.

TIMES

Telecommunication, Information, Media, Edutainment and Service.

TPE

A normalized way to refer to transponder bandwidth, which means how many transponders would be used if the same total bandwidths used only 36 MHz transponder (1 TPE = 36 MHz).

Transponder

Radio relay equipment embedded in a satellite that receives signals from Earth and amplifies and transmits the signal back to the Earth.

uCPE

Universal Customer Premises Equipment, a flexible, general-purpose hardware device that runs multiple virtualized network functions (VNFs) like routing, firewalls, and SD-WAN on a single platform, replacing the need for dedicated hardware for each function.

UI/UX

User experience design, the process of defining the experience a user would go through when interacting with a company, its services, and its products.

USO

Universal Service Obligation, the service obligation imposed by the Government on all telecommunications services providers for the purpose of providing public services in Indonesia.

Voice-hubbing

A service provided by telecommunications operators that allows for the centralization and management of international voice traffic, offering access to mobile destinations worldwide.

VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol, a means of sending voice information using the IP.

vCDN

Virtualized Content Delivery Network, an evolution of traditional CDN technology, leveraging virtualization to make CDN platforms more scalable, flexible, and easier to deploy and manage.

vSTB

Virtual Set-Top Box, a software-based solution that emulates the functionality of a physical set-top box, allowing users to access and manage video content and services over the internet without the need for dedicated hardware.

VPN

Virtual Private Network, a secure private network connection, built on top of publicly accessible infrastructure, such as the internet or the public telephone network. VPNs typically employ some combination of encryption, digital certificates, strong user authentication and access control to secure the traffic they carry. VPNs provide connectivity to many machines behind a gateway or firewall.

WAN

Wide Area Network, a collection of local-area networks (LANs) or other networks that communicate with one another.

XBRL

eXtensible Business Reporting Language, a freely available and global framework for exchanging business information.