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Shutterstock, Inc.

For the period ended Dec 31, 2025. Filed Feb 17, 2026.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2025 · Filed Feb 17, 2026

SSTK$2.97-3.3%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Risk Factors?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-02-25.

0001549346-25-000011

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2025-12-31; filed 2026-02-17.

0001549346-26-000008

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 316 previous paragraphs and 325 current paragraphs.

261 unchanged; 49 reworded; 10 added; 2 removed; 4 previous and 5 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 0 previous and 0 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (10)

Current report

•Complaints have been filed against us and our board of directors, and we and Getty Images have received demand letters, in connection with the Merger. In addition, we may become subject to lawsuits relating to the Merger.

Current report

•Issues relating to the development and use of AI, including generative AI, in our offerings may result in reputational harm, liability and adverse financial results.

Current report

In connection with the Merger Agreement, two complaints were filed against us and each member of our board of directors and we and Getty Images received a number of demand letters alleging that the disclosures contained in the definitive proxy statement we filed with the SEC on April 30, 2025 in connection with the Merger (the “Proxy Statement”) were deficient and sought additional disclosures to address those alleged deficiencies. We believe that we have substantial defenses in connection with such matters and that no supplemental disclosure is required under applicable law. However, in order to avoid the risk that the such matters may delay or otherwise adversely affect the implementation of the Merger, to minimize the costs, risks and uncertainties inherent in litigation, and without admitting any liability or wrongdoing, we voluntarily supplemented the Proxy Statement in a Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on May 30, 2025, to provide additional information to Shutterstock stockholders

Current report

In addition, new competitors may enter our market, including those that rely on generative AI technologies, and we expect to face more competition as AI continues to advance and be integrated into the markets in which we compete. Our competitors or other third parties may develop AI solutions more rapidly or successfully, including but not limited to different data training strategies or proprietary access to data and, as a result, other AI solutions may achieve greater and faster adoption and deliver content more easily or affordably. For example, we face increasing competition from companies offering generative and agentic AI solutions, including but not limited to prompt-based and multi-modal creation and editing.

Current report

Issues relating to the development and use of AI, including generative AI, in our offerings may result in reputational harm, liability and adverse financial results.

Current report

Jurisdictions around the world are developing and passing new regulations that apply specifically to the use of AI. For example, the U.S. AI regulatory framework remains in development and has been introduced at the federal level through executive orders and legislation has been introduced and enacted at the state level. Additionally, the EU AI Act has gone into effect and will continue to be implemented in phases through 2030, and other jurisdictions have passed or are considering similarly focused legislation. These regulations and the evolving AI regulatory environment may, among other impacts, result in inconsistencies among AI regulations and frameworks across jurisdictions, increase our compliance, governance and research and development costs, increase our exposure to claims related to our AI models and increase liability related to the use of AI by our customers or users that are beyond our control. While we believe we have taken a responsible approach to the development and use of AI there can be no guarantee that future AI regulations will not adversely impact us or conflict with our approach to AI, including affecting our ability to make our AI offerings available without costly changes.

Current report

The adoption, modification or interpretation of laws or regulations relating to the internet, e-commerce or other areas of our business could adversely affect how we conduct our business or the overall popularity and growth of internet use. Such laws and regulations may cover a vast array of activities. For example, automatic contract or subscription renewal, credit card fraud and processing, sales, advertising, taxation, tariffs, data privacy, management and storage, cybersecurity, pricing, content, copyrights, distribution, electronic contracts, consumer protection, outsourcing, broadband residential internet access, internet neutrality and the characteristics and quality of products or services, and intellectual property ownership and infringement are all subject to jurisdictional laws and regulations. In the United States, our operations are subject to federal and state consumer protection laws, including the Federal Trade Commission Act (“FTC Act”) and the Restore Online Shoppers’ Confidence Act (“ROSCA”). We are currently under investigation by the FTC regarding our disclosure and subscription enrollment and cancellation practices under Section 5 of the FTC Act and the ROSCA. We have cooperated throughout the investigation, and in January 2026 the FTC entered into discussions with us to resolve this matter. If we cannot resolve this matter, the FTC would refer the case to the Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) to file a civil complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking injunctive relief, monetary relief, civil penalties, and other relief. The defense or resolution of this matter could involve significant monetary costs or penalties and have a significant impact on our financial results and operations. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in reaching a favorable resolution of this matter. Any costs, penalties, remedies or compliance requirements could adversely affect our ability to operate our business or have a materially adverse impact on our financial results. For further information, see Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Current report

The legal and regulatory landscape and industry standards surrounding the use of data and artificial intelligence technologies are rapidly evolving and remains uncertain, and compliance may impose significant operational costs and may limit our ability to develop, deploy, or use artificial intelligence technologies. New EU laws related to the use of data, including the EU Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Services (2022/2065) (“DSA”), the EU Regulation (2023/2854) on fair access to and use of data (“EU Data Act”), and the EU AI Act, which entered into force in August 2024, may impose additional rules and restrictions on the use of the data in our products. If we were required to change our business activities or revise or eliminate services, or to implement burdensome compliance measures, our business and results of operations could be harmed. We may be subject to fines, penalties, and potential litigation, including class action lawsuits, if we fail to comply with applicable privacy, data security, or AI-specific laws, regulations, standards, and other requirements. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, evolving data-related and AI-related laws, regulations, and standards may limit the use and adoption of our products and reduce overall demand.

Current report

One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"), which was signed into law on July 4, 2025, introduced significant changes to U.S. tax law. OBBBA has multiple effective dates and certain provisions became effective in fiscal 2025 while others will be phased in through fiscal 2028.

Current report

(a)Cash consideration of $9.50 and 9.17 shares of Getty Images common stock;
Removed paragraphs (2)

Previous report

•Issues relating to the use of new and evolving technologies, such as AI, in our offerings could adversely affect our business and operating results.

Previous report

Issues relating to the use of new and evolving technologies, such as AI, in our offerings could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Reworded paragraphs (49)

Previous wording

Our inability to complete the Merger, or to complete the Merger in a timely manner, including as a result of the failure to obtain required regulatory approvals or the failure to satisfy the other conditions to the consummation of the Merger, could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

•Our inability to complete the Merger, or to complete the Merger in a timely manner, including as a result of the failure to obtain required regulatory approvals or the failure to satisfy the other conditions to the consummation of the Merger.

Previous wording

The success of our business depends on our ability to continue to attract and retain customers of, and contributors to, our creative platform. If customers reduce or cease their spending with us, or if content contributors reduce or end their participation on our platform, our business will be harmed.

Current wording

•The success of our business depends on our ability to continue to attract and retain customers of, and contributors to, our creative platform.

Previous wording

The industry in which we operate is highly competitive with low barriers to entry and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could suffer.

Current wording

•The industry in which we operate is highly competitive with low barriers to entry.

Previous wording

If we cannot continue to innovate technologically or develop, market and offer new products and services, or enhance existing technology and products and services to meet customer requirements, our ability to grow our revenue could be impaired.

Current wording

•Our ability to continue to innovate technologically or develop, market and offer new products and services, or enhance existing technology and products and services to meet customer requirements.

Previous wording

Unless we increase market awareness of our brand and our existing and new products and services, our revenue may not continue to grow.

Current wording

•Our ability to increase market awareness of our brand and our existing and new products and services.

Previous wording

Expansion of our operations into new products, services and technologies, including content categories, is inherently risky and may subject us to additional business, legal, financial and competitive risks.

Current wording

•Expansion of our operations into new products, services and technologies, including content categories, is inherently risky.

Previous wording

The impact of worldwide economic, political and social conditions, including effects on advertising and marketing budgets, may adversely affect our business and operating results.

Current wording

•The impact of worldwide economic, political and social conditions, including effects on advertising and marketing budgets.

Previous wording

If we do not effectively manage changes to, and retain our sales force, we may be unable to add new customers or increase sales to our existing customers, and our revenue growth and business could be adversely affected.

Current wording

•If we do not effectively manage changes to, and retain our sales force, we may be unable to add new customers or increase sales to our existing customers.

Previous wording

•We have continued to grow in recent periods and if we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business and operating results may suffer.

Current wording

•We have continued to grow in recent periods and if we fail to effectively manage this growth, our business and operating results may suffer.

Previous wording

If we do not successfully make, integrate and maintain acquisitions and investments, our business could be adversely impacted.

Current wording

•Our ability to successfully make, integrate and maintain acquisitions and investments.

Previous wording

We rely on highly skilled personnel and if we are unable to retain and motivate key personnel, attract qualified personnel, integrate new members of our management team or maintain our corporate culture, we may not be able to grow effectively.

Current wording

•Our ability to retain and motivate key personnel, attract qualified personnel, integrate new members of our management team and maintain our corporate culture.

Previous wording

The non-payment or late payments of amounts due to us from certain customers may negatively impact our financial condition.

Current wording

•The non-payment or late payments of amounts due to us from certain customers.

Previous wording

We are subject to payment-related risks that may result in higher operating costs or the inability to process payments, either of which could harm our financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

•We are subject to payment-related risks that may result in higher operating costs or the inability to process payments.

Previous wording

We have incurred debt which could have a negative impact on our financing options and liquidity position, which could in turn adversely affect our business.

Current wording

•We have incurred debt which could have a negative impact on our financing options and liquidity position.

Previous wording

Assertions by third parties of infringement of intellectual property rights related to our technology could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and operating results.

Current wording

•Assertions by third parties of infringement of intellectual property rights related to our technology.

Previous wording

We collect, store, process, transmit and use personal information and other data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, information security and data protection in many jurisdictions. Any cybersecurity incidents or our actual or perceived failure to comply with such legal obligations by us, or by our third-party service providers or partners, could harm our business.

Current wording

•We collect, store, process, transmit and use personal information and other data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, information security and data protection in many jurisdictions.

Previous wording

Government regulation of the internet, both in the United States and abroad, is evolving and unfavorable changes could have a negative impact on our business.

Current wording

•Evolving government regulation of the internet, and regulatory inquiries and investigations, both in the United States and abroad.

Previous wording

Action by governments to restrict access to, or operation of, our services or the content we distribute in their countries could substantially harm our reputation, business and financial results.

Current wording

•Actions by governments to restrict access to, or operation of, our services or the content we distribute in their countries.

Previous wording

Income tax laws or regulations could be enacted or changed and existing income tax laws or regulations could be applied to us in a manner that could increase the costs of our products and services, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

•Income tax laws or regulations could be enacted or changed and existing income tax laws or regulations could be applied to us in a manner that could increase the costs of our products and services.

Previous wording

We may be exposed to greater than anticipated withholding, sales, use, value added and other non-income tax liabilities, including as a result of future changes in laws or regulations, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

•We may be exposed to greater than anticipated withholding, sales, use, value added and other non-income tax liabilities, including as a result of future changes in laws or regulations.

Previous wording

Purchases of shares of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program may affect the value of our common stock and diminish our cash reserves, and there can be no assurance that our share repurchase program will enhance stockholder value.

Current wording

•Purchases of shares of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program may affect the value of our common stock and diminish our cash reserves.

Previous wording

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or in a timely fashion, and we may not be able to prevent fraud; in such case, our stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and could negatively impact the price of our stock.

Current wording

•If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or in a timely fashion, and we may not be able to prevent fraud.

Previous wording

The Merger is subject to various closing conditions, such as receipt of required regulatory approval and the approval of Shutterstock’s stockholders, among other customary closing conditions. It is possible that the regulators may prohibit, enjoin or refuse to grant approval for the consummation of the Merger. If any condition to the closing of the Merger is not satisfied or, if permissible, not waived, the Merger will not be completed. In addition, satisfying the conditions to the closing of the Merger may take longer than we expect. There can be no assurance that the remaining conditions to closing will be satisfied or waived or that other events will not intervene to delay or result in the failure to consummate the Merger.

Current wording

The Merger is subject to various closing conditions, such as receipt of required regulatory approval and other customary closing conditions. As previously disclosed, on April 2, 2025, the Company and Getty Images each received a Request for Additional Information and Documentary Material from the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) in connection with the Merger and on November 3, 2025, the Company announced that the CMA has referred the Merger to a Phase 2 review process. The Company remains committed to the proposed Merger and will continue to engage with the DOJ and the CMA and work with Getty Images to expeditiously secure the necessary clearances. However, it is possible that the regulators may prohibit, enjoin or refuse to grant approval for the consummation of the Merger. If any condition to the closing of the Merger is not satisfied or, if permissible, not waived, the Merger will not be completed. In addition, satisfying the conditions to the closing of the Merger may take longer than we expect. There can be no assurance that the remaining conditions to closing will be satisfied or waived or that other events will not intervene to delay or result in the failure to consummate the Merger.

Previous wording

In addition, our employees, including key personnel, may be uncertain about their future roles and relationships with us following the completion of the Merger, which may adversely affect our ability to retain and motivate them or to hire new employees. Moreover, while the Merger is pending, the potential disruption of plans or diversion of management’s attention from our ongoing business operations could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Current wording

In addition, our employees, including key personnel, may be uncertain about their future roles and relationships with us following the completion of the Merger, which has in the past and may continue to adversely affect our ability to retain and motivate them or to hire new employees. Moreover, while the Merger is pending, the potential disruption of plans or diversion of management’s attention from our ongoing business operations could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Previous wording

•We may become subject to lawsuits relating to the Merger, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Current wording

Complaints have been filed against us and our board of directors, and we and Getty Images have received demand letters, in connection with the Merger. In addition, we may become subject to lawsuits relating to the Merger, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Previous wording

We and/or our respective directors and officers may become subject to lawsuits relating to the Merger. Such litigation is very common in connection with acquisitions of public companies, regardless of the merits of the underlying acquisition. While we will evaluate and defend against any actions vigorously, the costs of the defense of such lawsuits and other effects of such litigation could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Current wording

We and/or our respective directors and officers may also become subject to lawsuits and additional demand letters or complaints relating to the Merger. Such litigation is very common in connection with acquisitions of public companies, regardless of the merits of the underlying acquisition. While we will evaluate and defend against any actions vigorously, the costs of the defense of such lawsuits and other effects of such litigation could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Previous wording

Further, our growth strategy relies on network effects: we rely in part on a growing audience of paying users to attract more content from contributors, thereby increasing our content selection and in turn attracting additional paying customers. For example, our global strategy relies on enabling easier global access in order to attract new contributions of local content, in turn attracting more paying customers who have preferences for local content. Any decrease in the attractiveness of our platform relative to other options available to our customers and contributors could lead to decreased engagement on our platform and unfavorably impact the network effects of our platform, which could result in loss of revenue.

Current wording

Further, our growth strategy relies on network effects: we rely in part on a growing audience of paying users to attract more content from contributors, thereby increasing our content selection and in turn attracting additional paying customers. For example, our global strategy relies on enabling easier global access in order to attract new contributions of local content, in turn attracting more paying customers who have preferences for local content. Any decrease in the attractiveness of our platform relative to other options available to our customers and contributors could lead to decreased engagement on our platform and unfavorably impact the network effects of our platform, which could result in loss of revenue. Users may engage in off-platform transactions, such as using Gen-AI content.

Previous wording

If we are unable to grow our customer and contributor base, or retain our existing contributors and paying customers, or are unable to attract paying customers in a cost-effective manner, our financial performance, operating results and business may be adversely affected.

Current wording

If we cannot convince users to continue to use our platform, or retain our existing contributors and paying customers, or are unable to attract paying customers in a cost-effective manner, our financial performance, operating results and business may be adversely affected.

Previous wording

The industry in which we operate is intensely competitive and rapidly evolving, with low barriers to entry. We compete with a wide and diverse array of companies, from significant media companies to newly emerging generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies to individual content creators. Our current and potential domestic and international competitors range from large established companies to emerging start-ups across different industries, including online marketplace and traditional stock content suppliers of current and archival creative and editorial imagery, photography, footage, and music; specialized visual content companies in specific geographic segments; providers of commercially licensable music; websites specializing in image search, recognition, discovery and consumption; websites that host and store images, art and other related products; providers of free images, photography, music, footage and related tools (including offerings by our partners); social networking and social media services; and commissioned photographers and photography agencies.

Current wording

The industry in which we operate is intensely competitive and rapidly evolving, with low barriers to entry. We compete with a wide and diverse array of companies, from significant media companies to newly emerging generative AI technologies to individual content creators. Our current and potential domestic and international competitors range from large established companies to emerging start-ups across different industries, including online marketplace and traditional stock content suppliers of current and archival creative and editorial imagery, photography, footage, and music; specialized visual content companies in specific geographic segments; providers of commercially licensable music; websites specializing in image search, recognition, discovery and consumption; websites that host and store images, art and other related products; providers of free images, photography, music, footage and related tools (including offerings by our partners); social networking and social media services; and commissioned photographers and photography agencies.

Previous wording

While we believe that there are obstacles to creating a meaningful network effect between customers and contributors, the barriers to creating a platform that allows for the licensing of content or provides workflow tools are low. If competitors offer higher royalties or more favorable royalty earning potential, easier submission workflows, or less rigorous vetting processes or incentivize contributors to distribute their content on an exclusive basis, contributors may choose to stop distributing new content with us or remove their existing content from our collection. Further, as technology advances or other market dynamics make creating, sourcing, archiving, indexing, reviewing, searching or delivering content easier or more affordable, our existing and potential competitors may also seek to develop new products, technologies or capabilities that could render many of the products, services and content types that we offer obsolete or less competitive. For any of these reasons, we may not be able to compete successfully against our current and future competitors.

Current wording

While we believe that there are obstacles to creating a meaningful network effect between customers and contributors, the barriers to creating a platform that allows for the licensing of content or provides workflow tools are low. If competitors offer higher royalties or more favorable royalty earning potential, easier submission workflows, or less rigorous vetting processes or incentivize contributors to distribute their content on an exclusive basis, contributors may choose to stop distributing new content with us or remove their existing content from our collection. Further, as technology advances, including AI and generative AI technologies, or other market dynamics make creating, sourcing, archiving, indexing, reviewing, searching or delivering content easier or more affordable, our existing and potential competitors may also seek to develop new products, technologies or capabilities that could render many of the products, services and content types that we offer obsolete or less competitive. For any of these reasons, we may not be able to compete successfully against our current and future competitors.

Previous wording

In addition, demand for our products and services is sensitive to price. Many external factors, including our technology and personnel costs and our competitors’ pricing and marketing strategies, could significantly impact our pricing strategies and we could fail to meet our customers’ pricing expectations. Increased competition and pricing pressures may result in reduced sales, lower margins, losses or the failure of our product and services to maintain and grow their current market share, any of which could harm our business.

Current wording

In addition, demand for our products and services is sensitive to price. Many external factors, including our technology and personnel costs and our competitors’ pricing and marketing strategies, could significantly impact our pricing strategies and we could fail to meet our customers’ pricing expectations. Increased competition and pricing pressures may result in downward pressure on pricing and reduced sales, lower margins, losses or the failure of our product and services to maintain and grow their current market share, any of which could harm our business.

Previous wording

Maintaining and promoting awareness of our platform and services is important to our ability to attract and retain customers. We spend a significant amount on marketing activities to acquire new customers and retain and engage existing customers. For example, in 2024, 2023 and 2022 our marketing expenses were approximately $91.8 million, $93.1 million and $97.2 million, respectively, and we expect our marketing expenses to continue to account for a significant portion of our operating expenses. Our business depends on a high degree of website traffic, which is dependent on many factors, including the availability of appealing website content, user loyalty and new user generation from search engine portals. Our primary marketing efforts currently are search engine marketing (“SEM”), search engine optimization (“SEO”), affiliate marketing and display advertising, as well as social media and email. The marketing efforts we implement may not succeed for a variety of reasons, including our inability to execute and implement our plans. External factors beyond our control may also impact the success of our marketing initiatives.

Current wording

Maintaining and promoting awareness of our platform and services is important to our ability to attract and retain customers. We spend a significant amount on marketing activities to acquire new customers and retain and engage existing customers. For example, in 2025, 2024 and 2023 our marketing expenses were approximately $87.0 million, $91.8 million and $93.1 million, respectively, and we expect our marketing expenses to continue to account for a significant portion of our operating expenses. Our business depends on a high degree of website traffic, which is dependent on many factors, including the availability of appealing website content, user loyalty and new user generation from search engine portals. Our primary marketing efforts currently are search engine marketing (“SEM”), search engine optimization (“SEO”), affiliate marketing and display advertising, as well as social media and email. The marketing efforts we implement may not succeed for a variety of reasons, including our inability to execute and implement our plans. External factors beyond our control may also impact the success of our marketing initiatives.

Previous wording

Our growth largely depends on our ability to innovate and add value to our existing creative platform and to provide our customers and contributors with a scalable, high-performing technology infrastructure that can efficiently and reliably handle increased customer and contributor usage globally, as well as the deployment of new features. For example, footage represents significantly more data as compared to a still image, and if the proportion of our business related to footage licensing and our footage library continues to grow, we will need to expand and enhance our technological capabilities to ingest, store and search footage and music tracks in ways that are similar to our management of images. Without improvements to our technology and infrastructure, our operations might suffer from unanticipated system disruptions, slow website or application performance or unreliable service levels, any of which could negatively affect our reputation and ability to attract and retain customers and contributors. We are currently making, and plan to continue making, significant investments to maintain and enhance the technology and infrastructure supporting our customer and contributor facing web properties and software platforms and to evolve our information processes and computer systems to more efficiently run our business and remain competitive. For example, in 2024, 2023 and 2022 our product and development costs (which exclude costs that are capitalized related to internal-use software development projects), were approximately $88.4 million, $96.2 million and $65.4 million, respectively, and may continue to increase in the future as we continue to innovate. We may not achieve the anticipated benefits, significant growth or increased market share from these investments for several years, if at all. If we are unable to manage our investments successfully or in a cost-efficient manner, our business and results of operations may be harmed.

Current wording

Our growth largely depends on our ability to innovate and add value to our existing creative platform and to provide our customers and contributors with a scalable, high-performing technology infrastructure that can efficiently and reliably handle increased customer and contributor usage globally, as well as the deployment of new features. For example, footage represents significantly more data as compared to a still image, and if the proportion of our business related to footage licensing and our footage library continues to grow, we will need to expand and enhance our technological capabilities to ingest, store and search footage and music tracks in ways that are similar to our management of images. Without improvements to our technology and infrastructure, our operations might suffer from unanticipated system disruptions, slow website or application performance or unreliable service levels, any of which could negatively affect our reputation and ability to attract and retain customers and contributors. We are currently making, and plan to continue making, significant investments to maintain and enhance the technology and infrastructure supporting our customer and contributor facing web properties and software platforms and to evolve our information processes and computer systems to more efficiently run our business and remain competitive. For example, in 2025, 2024 and 2023 our product and development costs (which exclude costs that are capitalized related to internal-use software development projects), were approximately $89.0 million, $88.4 million and $96.2 million, respectively, and may continue to increase in the future as we continue to innovate. We may not achieve the anticipated benefits, significant growth or increased market share from these investments for several years, if at all. If we are unable to manage our investments successfully or in a cost-efficient manner, our business and results of operations may be harmed.

Previous wording

Issues relating to the use of new and evolving technologies such as AI in our offerings may result in brand or reputational harm, competitive harm, legal liability, or new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, and may cause us to incur additional costs to resolve such issues. We are increasingly building AI into many of our offerings. As with many innovations, AI presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. For example, developing, testing and deploying third-party AI systems may increase the cost profile of our product offerings due to the nature of the computing costs involved in such systems, which could impact our margins and adversely affect our business and operating results. Our business may be disrupted if any of the third-party AI services we use become unavailable due to extended outages or interruptions or because they are no longer available on commercially reasonable terms or prices. Further, market demand and acceptance of AI technologies are uncertain, and we may be unsuccessful in our product development efforts. If we enable or offer solutions that draw controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on society, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. Potential litigation or government regulation related to AI may also increase the burden and cost of research and development in this area, subjecting us to brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. Failure to address perceived or actual technical, legal, compliance, privacy, security, ethical or other issues relating to the use of AI by us or others in our industry could undermine public confidence in AI, which could slow our customers’ adoption of our products and services that use AI.

Current wording

As with many innovations, AI presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. For example, developing, testing and deploying third-party AI systems may increase the cost profile of our product offerings due to the nature of the computing costs involved in such systems, which could impact our margins and adversely affect our business and operating results. Our business may be disrupted if any of the third-party AI services we use become unavailable due to extended outages or interruptions or because they are no longer available on commercially reasonable terms or prices. Further, market demand and acceptance of AI technologies are uncertain, and we may be unsuccessful in our product development efforts. If we enable or offer solutions that draw controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on society, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability.

Previous wording

The future profitability of our business depends in part on our continued ability to grow our revenues. In future periods, our revenue could grow more slowly than in recent periods or further decline for many reasons, including any increase in competition, reduction in demand for our products, inability to introduce new products or enhance our existing product offerings, pricing pressures, contraction of our overall market or our failure to capitalize on growth opportunities. A significant decrease in our historical rate of growth may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. If our growth rate declines further, investors’ perceptions of our business may be adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock could decline.

Current wording

The future profitability of our business depends in part on our continued ability to grow our revenues. In the last several years, while revenue from our organic Content business has declined, our total reported consolidated revenues have grown as a result of Content business acquisitions and growth in our Data, Distribution and Services business. In future periods, our revenue could grow more slowly than in recent periods or decline for many reasons, including any increase in competition, reduction in demand for our products, inability to introduce new products or enhance our existing product offerings, pricing pressures, contraction of our overall market or our failure to capitalize on growth opportunities. A significant decrease in our historical rate of growth may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. If our growth rate declines further, investors’ perceptions of our business may be adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock could decline.

Previous wording

We have continued to grow in recent periods and if we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business and operating results may suffer.

Current wording

We have continued to grow in recent periods and if we fail to effectively manage this growth, our business and operating results may suffer.

Previous wording

In the last several years, we have continued to experience revenue growth and may continue to experience such growth in the future. For example, our revenues increased from $827.8 million in 2022 to $874.6 million in 2023 and to $935.3 million in 2024. Our continued growth has placed significant demands on our management and our administrative, operational and financial infrastructure, and our success will depend in part on our ability to manage this growth efficiently. Specifically, as our operations have grown in size, scope and complexity, we have made and expect to continue to make significant expenditures and allocate valuable management resources to improve and upgrade our technology, customer service, sales and marketing infrastructure and product offerings, including new product offerings, and to continue developing or acquiring new and relevant content and product offerings. Growth may also strain our ability to maintain reliable operation of our platform, enhance our operational, financial and management controls and reporting systems and recruit, train and retain highly skilled personnel. If we fail to effectively allocate our limited resources within our organization as it grows and do not successfully implement improved technology and infrastructure, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer.

Current wording

In the last several years, while revenue from our organic Content business has declined, our total reported consolidated revenues have grown as a result of Content business acquisitions and growth in our Data, Distribution and Services business. This growth has placed significant demands on our management and our administrative, operational and financial infrastructure, and our success will depend in part on our ability to manage this growth efficiently. Specifically, as our operations have grown in size, scope and complexity, we have made and expect to continue to make significant expenditures and allocate valuable management resources to improve and upgrade our technology, customer service, sales and marketing infrastructure and product offerings, including new product offerings, and to continue developing or acquiring new and relevant content and product offerings. This growth may also strain our ability to maintain reliable operation of our platform, enhance our operational, financial and management controls and reporting systems and recruit, train and retain highly skilled personnel. If we fail to effectively allocate our limited resources within our organization as it grows and do not successfully implement improved technology and infrastructure, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer.

Previous wording

A portion of our enterprise customers typically purchase our products on payment terms, and therefore we assume a credit risk for non-payment in the ordinary course of business. Further, in certain jurisdictions, we contract with third-party resellers that may collect payment from customers and remit such payment to us. Therefore, we are subject to the third-party resellers’ ability to collect and remit payment to us. We evaluate the credit-worthiness of new customers and resellers and perform ongoing financial condition evaluations of our existing customers and resellers; however, there can be no assurance that our allowances for uncollected accounts receivable balances will be sufficient. As of December 31, 2024, our allowance for doubtful accounts was $3.1 million. If the volume of sales to enterprise customers grows, we expect to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts primarily as the result of changes in the volume of sales to customers who pay on payment terms or through resellers.

Current wording

A portion of our enterprise customers typically purchase our products on payment terms, and therefore we assume a credit risk for non-payment in the ordinary course of business. Further, in certain jurisdictions, we contract with third-party resellers that may collect payment from customers and remit such payment to us. Therefore, we are subject to the third-party resellers’ ability to collect and remit payment to us. We evaluate the credit-worthiness of new customers and resellers and perform ongoing financial condition evaluations of our existing customers and resellers; however, there can be no assurance that our allowances for uncollected accounts receivable balances will be sufficient. As of December 31, 2025, our allowance for doubtful accounts was $3.4 million. If the volume of sales to enterprise customers grows, we expect to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts primarily as the result of changes in the volume of sales to customers who pay on payment terms or through resellers.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had $277.7 million in aggregate principal amount of total debt. Additionally, our revolving credit facility has remaining borrowing capacity of $94 million, net of standby letters of credit, as of December 31, 2024. Our overall leverage and the terms of our financing arrangements could:

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, we had $274.7 million in aggregate principal amount of total debt. Additionally, our revolving credit facility has remaining borrowing capacity of $94 million, net of standby letters of credit, as of December 31, 2025. Our overall leverage and the terms of our financing arrangements could:

Previous wording

(“CPRA”), which came into effect on January 1, 2023 (with a look back to January 2022), amends and expands the CCPA to add additional disclosure obligations (including an obligation to disclose retention periods or criteria for categories of personal information), grant consumers additional rights (including rights to correct their data, limit the use and disclosure of sensitive personal information, and opt out of the sharing of personal information for certain targeted behavioral advertising purposes), and establishes a privacy enforcement agency known as the California Privacy Protection Agency (“CPPA”). The CPPA will serve as California’s chief privacy regulator, which will likely result in greater regulatory activity and enforcement in the privacy area. Additional comprehensive data privacy laws have become effective in Colorado, Utah, Virginia, Connecticut, Florida, Oregon, Montana, and Texas. In 2025 and 2026, data privacy laws in Delaware, Iowa, New Jersey, Tennessee, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island will take effect, creating an evolving climate for data privacy compliance obligations and risks. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data. The scope and interpretation of data privacy and cybersecurity regulations continues to evolve, and we believe that the adoption of increasingly restrictive regulations in this area is likely in the near future within the U.S. at both state and federal levels. The burdens imposed by the CCPA, the CPRA and other similar laws that may be enacted at the federal and state level may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs in order to investigate, comply and defend against potential private class-action litigation.

Current wording

Data protection legislation is also becoming increasingly common in the United States at both the federal and state level. For example, in June 2018, the State of California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which came into effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA requires, among other things, companies that collect personal information about California residents to make new disclosures to those residents about their data collection, use and sharing practices, allows residents to exercise certain rights regarding their personal information (including the right to opt out of certain data sharing with third parties), and provides a private right of action for data breaches. In addition, the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which came into effect on January 1, 2023 (with a look back to January 2022), amends and expands the CCPA to add additional disclosure obligations (including an obligation to disclose retention periods or criteria for categories of personal information), grant consumers additional rights (including rights to correct their data, limit the use and disclosure of sensitive personal information, and opt out of the sharing of personal information for certain targeted behavioral advertising purposes), and establishes a privacy enforcement agency known as the California Privacy Protection Agency (“CPPA”). The CPPA will serve as California’s chief privacy regulator, which will likely result in greater regulatory activity and enforcement in the privacy area. Additional comprehensive data privacy laws have become effective in Colorado, Utah, Virginia, Connecticut, Florida, Oregon, Montana, and Texas. In 2025 and 2026, data privacy laws in Delaware, Iowa, New Jersey, Tennessee, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island will take effect, creating an evolving climate for data privacy compliance obligations and risks. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data. The scope and interpretation of data privacy and cybersecurity regulations continues to evolve, and we believe that the adoption of increasingly restrictive regulations in this area is likely in the near future within the U.S. at both state and federal levels. The burdens imposed by the CCPA, the CPRA and other similar laws that may be enacted at the federal and state level may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs in order to investigate, comply and defend against potential private class-action litigation.

Showing the first 40 of 49 pairs. Open the source sections for the rest.

Rearranged current paragraphs (5)

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

•We may encounter greater pricing pressure, and increased service, indemnification and working capital requirements.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

•Catastrophic events or other interruptions or failures of our information technology systems.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Issues relating to the use of new and evolving technologies such as AI, including generative AI, in our offerings may result in brand or reputational harm, competitive harm, legal liability, or new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, and may cause us to incur additional costs to resolve such issues. We are increasingly building AI into many of our offerings.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Potential litigation or government regulation related to AI may also increase the burden and cost of research and development in this area, subjecting us to brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. Failure to address perceived or actual technical, legal, compliance, privacy, security, ethical or other issues relating to the use of AI by us or others in our industry could undermine public confidence in AI, which could slow our customers’ adoption of our products and services that use AI.

Current report — wording carried from elsewhere

Pillar Two would subject multinational enterprises with annual revenue of more than €750 million to a global minimum income tax at a rate of 15%. Based on current U.S. income tax law, disparities exist between the U.S. minimum income tax under the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) rules and the proposed Pillar Two framework. To assist in the implementation of Pillar Two, the OECD published the Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules, a detailed model legislation in December 2021, and related commentary in March 2022, with the latest update to the commentary in December 2023. The OECD has released additional administrative guidance on the global minimum income tax in February, July and December of
Rearranged previous paragraphs (4)

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

We may become subject to lawsuits relating to the Merger, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

In order to continue to attract large corporate customers, we may encounter greater pricing pressure, and increased service, indemnification and working capital requirements, each of which could increase our costs and harm our business and operating results.

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Data protection legislation is also becoming increasingly common in the United States at both the federal and state level. For example, in June 2018, the State of California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which came into effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA requires, among other things, companies that collect personal information about California residents to make new disclosures to those residents about their data collection, use and sharing practices, allows residents to exercise certain rights regarding their personal information (including the right to opt out of certain data sharing with third parties), and provides a private right of action for data breaches. In addition, the California Privacy Rights Act

Previous report — wording carried elsewhere

Catastrophic events or other interruptions or failures of our information technology systems could hurt our ability to effectively provide our products and services, which could harm our reputation and brand and adversely affect our business and operating results.