NMI Holdings, Inc.

Previous wording

The following analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this report and our audited financial statements, notes thereto and “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2024 10-K, for a more complete understanding of our financial position and results of operations. In addition, investors should review the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above and the “Risk Factors” detailed in Part II, Item 1A of this report and in Part I, Item 1A of our 2024 10-K, as subsequently updated in other reports we file with the SEC, for a discussion of those risks and uncertainties that have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects in a material and adverse manner. Our results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full fiscal year or for any other period.

Current wording

The following analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this report and our audited financial statements, notes thereto and “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2025 10-K, as well as the “Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms” above, for a more complete understanding of our financial position and results of operations. In addition, investors should review the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above and the “Risk Factors” detailed in Part II, Item 1A of this report and in Part I, Item 1A of our 2025 10-K, as subsequently updated in other reports we file with the SEC, for a discussion of those risks and uncertainties that have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects in a material and adverse manner. Our results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full fiscal year or for any other period.

Previous wording

MI protects lenders and investors from default-related losses on a portion of the unpaid principal balance of a covered mortgage. MI plays a critical role in the U.S. housing market by mitigating mortgage credit risk and facilitating the secondary market sale of high- loan-to-value (LTV) (i.e., above 80%) residential loans to the GSEs, who are otherwise restricted by their charters from purchasing or guaranteeing high-LTV mortgages that are not covered by certain credit protections. Such credit protection and secondary market sales allow lenders to increase their capacity for mortgage commitments and expand financing access to existing and prospective homeowners.

Current wording

MI protects lenders and investors from default-related losses on a portion of the unpaid principal balance of a covered mortgage. MI plays a critical role in the U.S. housing market by mitigating mortgage credit risk and facilitating the secondary market sale of high-LTV (i.e., above 80%) residential loans to the GSEs, who are otherwise restricted by their charters from purchasing or guaranteeing high-LTV mortgages that are not covered by certain credit protections. Such credit protection and secondary market sales allow lenders to increase their capacity for mortgage commitments and expand financing access to existing and prospective homeowners.

Previous wording

NMIH, a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in May 2011, and we began start-up operations in 2012 and wrote our first MI policy in 2013. Since formation, we have sought to establish customer relationships with a broad group of mortgage lenders and build a diversified, high-quality insured portfolio. As of September 30, 2025, we had issued master policies with 2,172 customers, including national and regional mortgage banks, money center banks, credit unions, community banks, builder-owned mortgage lenders, internet-sourced lenders and other non-bank lenders. As of September 30, 2025, we had $218.4 billion of primary insurance-in-force (IIF) and $58.5 billion of primary risk-in-force (RIF).

Current wording

NMIH, a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in May 2011, and we began start-up operations in 2012 and wrote our first MI policy in 2013. Since formation, we have sought to establish customer relationships with a broad group of mortgage lenders and build a diversified, high-quality insured portfolio. As of March 31, 2026, we had issued master policies with 2,209 customers, including national and regional mortgage banks, money center banks, credit unions, community banks, builder-owned mortgage lenders, internet-sourced lenders and other non-bank lenders. As of March 31, 2026, we had $222.3 billion of primary IIF and $59.5 billion of primary RIF.

Previous wording

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq under the symbol “NMIH.” Our headquarters is located in Emeryville, California. As of September 30, 2025, we had 228 employees. Our corporate website is located atwww.nationalmi.com. Our website and the information contained on or accessible through our website are not incorporated by reference into this report.

Current wording

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq under the symbol “NMIH.” Our headquarters is located in Emeryville, California. As of March 31, 2026, we had 225 employees. Our corporate website is located atwww.nationalmi.com. Our website and the information contained on or accessible through our website are not incorporated by reference into this report.

Previous wording

Macroeconomic factors, including persistent inflation, elevated interest rates, flagging consumer confidence and increasing jobless claims could have a pronounced impact on the housing market, the mortgage insurance industry and our business in future periods. A marked decline in housing demand, a significant and protracted decrease in house prices or a sustained increase in unemployment could reduce the pace of new business activity in the private mortgage insurance market and negatively impact our future new insurance written (NIW) volume, or contribute to an increase in our future default and claim experience.

Current wording

Macroeconomic factors, including persistent inflation, elevated interest rates, flagging consumer confidence and increasing jobless claims could have a pronounced impact on the housing market, the mortgage insurance industry and our business in future periods. A marked decline in housing demand, a significant and protracted decrease in house prices or a sustained increase in unemployment could reduce the pace of new business activity in the private mortgage insurance market and negatively impact our future NIW volume, or contribute to an increase in our future default and claim experience.

Previous wording

We set our premium rates on individual policies based on the risk characteristics of the underlying mortgage loans and borrowers, and in accordance with our filed rates and applicable rating rules. We primarily price our policies through a proprietary risk-based pricing platform, which we refer to as Rate GPS®. Rate GPS® considers a broad range of individual variables, including property type, type of loan product, borrower credit characteristics, and lender and market factors, and provides us with the ability to set and charge premium rates commensurate with the underlying risk of each loan that we insure. While most of our new business is priced through Rate GPS®, we also offer a rate card pricing option to a limited number of lender customers who require a rate card for operational reasons. We believe that the utilization of Rate GPS® provides us with a more granular and analytical approach to evaluating and pricing risk, and that this approach enhances our ability to continue building a high-quality mortgage insurance portfolio and delivering attractive risk-adjusted returns.

Current wording

We set our premium rates on individual policies based on the risk characteristics of the underlying mortgage loans and borrowers, and in accordance with our filed rates and applicable rating rules. We primarily price our policies through a proprietary risk-based pricing platform, which we refer to as Rate GPS®. Rate GPS® considers a broad range of individual and layered risk variables, including borrower credit, loan-level, product and lender attributes, as well as market and geographic factors, and provides us with the ability to set and charge premium rates commensurate with the underlying risk of each loan that we insure. We also offer a rate card pricing option to a limited number of lender customers when required for business process reasons. We believe that the utilization of Rate GPS® provides us with a more granular and analytical approach to evaluating and pricing risk, and that this approach enhances our ability to continue building a high-quality mortgage insurance portfolio and delivering attractive risk-adjusted returns.

Previous wording

Premiums are paid either by the borrower (borrower-paid mortgage insurance or BPMI) or the lender (lender-paid mortgage insurance or LPMI) in a single payment at origination (single premium), on a monthly installment basis (monthly premium) or on an annual installment basis (annual premium). Our net premiums written will differ from our net premiums earned due to policy payment type. For single premiums, we receive a single premium payment at origination, which is earned over the estimated life of the policy. Substantially all of our single premium policies in force as of September 30, 2025 were non-refundable under most cancellation scenarios. If non-refundable single premium policies are canceled, we immediately recognize the remaining unearned premium balances as earned premium revenue. Monthly premiums are recognized in the month billed and when the coverage is effective. Annual premiums are earned on a straight-line basis over the year of coverage. Substantially all of our policies provide for either single or monthly premiums.

Current wording

Premiums are paid either by the borrower (BPMI) or the lender (LPMI) in a single payment at origination (single premium), on a monthly installment basis (monthly premium) or on an annual installment basis (annual premium). Our net premiums written will differ from our net premiums earned due to policy payment type. For single premiums, we receive a single premium payment at origination, which is earned over the estimated life of the policy. Substantially all of our single premium policies in force as of March 31, 2026 were non-refundable under most cancellation scenarios. If non-refundable single premium policies are canceled, we immediately recognize the remaining unearned premium balances as earned premium revenue. Monthly premiums are recognized in the month billed and when the coverage is effective. Annual premiums are earned on a straight-line basis over the year of coverage. Substantially all of our policies provide for either single or monthly premiums.

Previous wording

NIW increased 6% and 2%, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. NIW increased year-on-year primarily due to growth in our customer franchise and market presence tied to the increased penetration of existing customer accounts and new customer activations. Primary IIF increased 5% at September 30, 2025 compared to September 30, 2024, primarily due to the NIW generated between such measurement dates, partially offset by the run-off of in-force policies.

Current wording

NIW increased 33% during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to growth in our customer franchise and market presence tied to the increased penetration of existing customer accounts and new customer activations, as well as an increase in the size of the total mortgage insurance market.

Previous wording

Net premiums written increased 8% during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net premiums earned increased 6% and 7%, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The growth in net premiums written and earned in each respective period was primarily driven by growth in our monthly IIF and monthly pay premium receipts.

Current wording

Net premiums written increased 6% during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025. Net premiums earned increased 4% during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025. The growth in net premiums written and earned was primarily driven by growth in our monthly IIF and direct monthly pay premium receipts, partially offset by the impact of ceded premiums written and earned under our third-party reinsurance transactions. The growth in net premiums earned was further impacted by a reduction in the contribution of earnings from single premium policies.

Previous wording

We utilize certain risk principles that form the basis of how we underwrite and originate NIW. We have established prudential underwriting standards and loan-level eligibility matrices which prescribe the maximum LTV, minimum borrower FICO score, maximum borrower debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, maximum loan size, property type, loan type, loan term and occupancy status of loans that we will insure and memorialized these standards and eligibility matrices in our Underwriting Guideline Manual that is publicly available on our website. Our underwriting standards and eligibility criteria are designed to limit the layering of risk in a single insurance policy. “Layered risk” refers to the accumulation of borrower, loan and property risk. For example, we have higher credit score and lower maximum allowed LTV requirements for investor-owned properties, compared to owner-occupied properties. We monitor the concentrations of various risk attributes in our insurance portfolio, which may change over time, in part, as a result of regional conditions or public policy shifts.

Current wording

We utilize certain risk principles that form the basis of how we underwrite and originate NIW. We have established prudential underwriting standards and loan-level eligibility matrices which prescribe the maximum LTV, minimum borrower FICO score, maximum borrower DTI ratio, maximum loan size, property type, loan type, loan term and occupancy status of loans that we will insure and memorialized these standards and eligibility matrices in our Underwriting Guideline Manual that is publicly available on our website. Our underwriting standards and eligibility criteria are designed to limit the layering of risk in a single insurance policy. “Layered risk” refers to the accumulation of borrower, loan and property risk. For example, we have higher credit score and lower maximum allowed LTV requirements for investor-owned properties, compared to owner-occupied properties. We monitor the concentrations of various risk attributes in our insurance portfolio, which may change over time, in part, as a result of regional conditions or public policy shifts.

Previous wording

(2) Related to insured loans with their most recent defaults occurring in the current year. For example, if a loan defaulted in a prior year and subsequently cured and later re-defaulted in the current year, the default would be included in the current year. Amounts are presented net of reinsurance and included $77.2 million attributed to net case reserves and $9.8 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $63.2 million attributed to net case reserves and $7.0 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Current wording

(2) Related to insured loans with their most recent defaults occurring in the current year. For example, if a loan defaulted in a prior year and subsequently cured and later re-defaulted in the current year, the default would be included in the current year. Amounts are presented net of reinsurance and included $34.8 million attributed to net case reserves and $11.7 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and $25.9 million attributed to net case reserves and $8.1 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

(3) Related to insured loans with defaults occurring in prior years, which have been continuously in default before the start of the current year. Amounts are presented net of reinsurance and included $43.2 million attributed to net case reserves and $8.1 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $49.8 million attributed to net case reserves and $6.3 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Current wording

(3) Related to insured loans with defaults occurring in prior years, which have been continuously in default before the start of the current year. Amounts are presented net of reinsurance and included $15.2 million attributed to net case reserves and $10.8 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and $21.8 million attributed to net case reserves and $8.1 million attributed to net IBNR reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

(5) Represents the settlement of reinsurance recoverables in conjunction with the termination of the 2016 QSR Transaction and amendment of the 2018 and 2021 QSR Transactions. See Item 1, “Financial Statements - Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 5, Reinsurance” for additional information.

Current wording

(4) Represents the settlement of reinsurance recoverables in conjunction with the termination or amendment of certain QSR Transactions.

Previous wording

The“claims incurred” section of the table above shows claims and claim expenses incurred on defaults occurring in current and prior years, including IBNR reserves and is presented net of reinsurance. We may increase or decrease our claim estimates and reserves as we learn additional information about individual defaulted loans and continue to observe and analyze loss development trends in our portfolio. Gross reserves of $70.6 million related to prior year defaults remained as of September 30, 2025.

Current wording

The“claims incurred” section of the table above shows claims and claim expenses incurred on defaults occurring in current and prior years, including IBNR reserves and is presented net of reinsurance. We may increase or decrease our claim estimates and reserves as we learn additional information about individual defaulted loans and continue to observe and analyze loss development trends in our portfolio. Gross reserves of $153.0 million related to prior year defaults remained as of March 31, 2026.

Previous wording

Ending default inventory increased from September 30, 2024 to September 30, 2025, primarily due to the growth and seasoning of our insured portfolio, as well as the emergence of storm-related defaults on insured loans in areas declared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to be individual disaster zones, partially offset by cure activity within our default population during the intervening period.

Current wording

Ending default inventory increased from March 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026, primarily due to the growth and seasoning of our insured portfolio, partially offset by cure activity within our default population during the intervening period.

Previous wording

(1) Count includes 14 and 50 claims settled without payment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and 21 and 56 claims settled without payment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Current wording

(1) Count includes 12 and 20 claims settled without payment during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Previous wording

We paid 93 and 281 claims during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and 67 and 168 claims during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The number of claims paid in each period was modest relative to the size of our insured portfolio and we generally observe that the borrowers of the loans we insure are well-situated with strong credit profiles, stable 30-year fixed rate mortgages, manageable debt service obligations and significant appreciated equity in their homes. An increase in the value of the homes collateralizing the mortgages we insure provides defaulted borrowers with alternative paths and incentives to cure their loan prior to the development of a claim.

Current wording

We paid 170 and 95 claims during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The number of claims paid in each period was modest relative to the size of our insured portfolio and we generally observe that the borrowers of the loans we insure are well-situated with strong credit profiles, stable 30-year fixed rate mortgages, manageable debt service obligations and significant appreciated equity in their homes. An increase in the value of the homes collateralizing the mortgages we insure provides defaulted borrowers with alternative paths and incentives to cure their loan prior to the development of a claim.

Previous wording

Our claims severity was 73% and 74% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to 64% and 58% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in claims severity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, was primarily due to a greater proportion of claims related to loans originated in recent years. These loans generally have less accumulated equity than loans from earlier vintages, which typically results in higher claims payments and an increase in claims severity. Our claims severity for each period was below long-term industry norms.

Current wording

Our claims severity was 88% and 69% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The increase in claims severity for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was primarily due to an increase in the proportion of claims related to loans originated in more recent years. These loans generally have less accumulated equity than loans from earlier vintages, which typically results in a higher frequency and severity of claims payments. An increase in the value of the homes collateralizing the mortgages we insure provides additional equity support to our risk exposure and raises the prospect of a third-party sale of a foreclosed property, which can mitigate the severity of our settled claims.

Previous wording

Average reserve per default increased from September 30, 2024 to September 30, 2025, due to changes in the composition of our default inventory as measured by the size, vintage and current estimated LTV of defaulted loans between the measurement dates. Average reserves per default were further impacted by changes in observed and forecasted housing market conditions and macroeconomic factors between the measurement dates.

Current wording

Average reserve per default increased from March 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026, primarily due to changes in the composition of our default inventory as measured by the size, vintage and current estimated LTV of defaulted loans between the measurement dates. Average reserves per default were further impacted by changes in observed and forecasted housing market conditions and macroeconomic factors between the measurement dates.

Previous wording

Available assets reflect the financial resources of a mortgage insurer available to pay claims, and includes the most readily liquid assets held, such as cash, investments and other items as stipulated in PMIERs Section 703. The credit provided for such liquid assets is further subject to adjustment based on several factors, including asset class, credit rating and portfolio concentration.

Current wording

Available assets reflect the financial resources of a mortgage insurer available to pay claims, and includes the most readily liquid assets held, such as cash, investments and other items as stipulated in the PMIERs. The credit provided for such assets is subject to adjustment based on several factors, including asset class, credit rating and portfolio concentration.

Previous wording

The risk-based required asset amount is a function of the risk profile of an approved insurer's RIF, assessed on a loan-by-loan basis and considered against certain risk-based factors derived from tables set out in the PMIERs, which is then adjusted on an aggregate basis for reinsurance transactions approved by the GSEs, such as with respect to our ILN Transactions, XOL Transactions and QSR Transactions. The aggregate gross risk-based required asset amount for performing, primary insurance is subject to a floor of 5.6% of performing primary adjusted RIF.

Current wording

The risk-based required asset amount is a function of the risk profile of an approved insurer's RIF, assessed on a loan-by-loan basis and considered against certain risk-based factors derived from tables set out in the PMIERs, which is then adjusted on an aggregate basis for reinsurance transactions approved by the GSEs, such as with respect to our QSR Transactions, XOL Transactions and ILN Transactions. The aggregate gross risk-based required asset amount for performing, primary insurance is subject to a floor of 5.6% of performing primary adjusted RIF.

Previous wording

Available assets were $3.4 billion at September 30, 2025, compared to $3.0 billion at September 30, 2024. The $363 million increase inavailable assets between the dates presented was primarily driven by NMIC's positive cash flow from operations during the intervening period, partially offset by the payment of an ordinary course dividend from NMIC to NMIH in June 2025.

Current wording

Available assets were $3.6 billion at March 31, 2026, compared to $3.2 billion at March 31, 2025. The $400 million increase inavailable assets between the dates presented was primarily driven by NMIC's positive cash flow from operations during the intervening period, partially offset by the payment of an ordinary course dividend from NMIC to NMIH in June 2025.

Previous wording

Net risk-based required assets were $2.0 billion at September 30, 2025, compared to $1.7 billion at September 30, 2024. The $268 million increase in the risk-based required asset amount between the dates presented was primarily due to the growth in our gross RIF and aggregate gross risk-based required asset amount.

Current wording

Net risk-based required assets were $2.2 billion at March 31, 2026, compared to $1.9 billion at March 31, 2025. The $298 million increase in the net risk-based required asset amount between the dates presented was primarily due to the growth in our gross RIF and aggregate gross risk-based required asset amount, and was further impacted by the increase in our default inventory and defaulted RIF.

Previous wording

Net premiums earned increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to growth in our monthly IIF and monthly pay premium receipts.

Current wording

Net premiums earned increased during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to growth in our monthly IIF and direct monthly pay premium receipts, partially offset by the impact of ceded premiums under our third-party reinsurance transactions and a reduction in the contribution of earnings from single premium policies.

Previous wording

Net investment income increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to growth in the size of our total invested asset base, as well as an increase in the book yield of our investment portfolio tied to the deployment of new cash flows and reinvestment of rolling maturities at incrementally higher rates.

Current wording

Net investment income increased during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to growth in the size of our total invested asset base, as well as an increase in the book yield of our investment portfolio tied to the deployment of new cash flows and reinvestment of rolling maturities at incrementally higher rates.

Previous wording

Insurance claims and claim expenses increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to an increase in the number of newly defaulted loans that emerged in the respective periods and the establishment of initial reserves against such loans, as well as an increase in the average case reserves held against previously defaulted loans that aged in their delinquency status, partially offset by the release of a portion of the reserves we established for anticipated claims payments in prior periods in connection with cure activity and the ongoing analysis of recent loss development trends.

Current wording

Insurance claims and claim expenses increased during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to an increase in the number of newly defaulted loans that emerged during the period and the establishment of initial reserves against such loans, as well as an increase in the average case reserves held against previously defaulted loans that aged in their delinquency status, partially offset by the release of a portion of the reserves we established for anticipated claims payments in prior periods in connection with cure activity and the ongoing analysis of recent loss development trends.

Previous wording

Underwriting and operating expenses increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to an increase in certain technology expenses and a decrease in ceding commissions received under our QSR Transactions.

Current wording

Underwriting and operating expenses increased during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to an increase in certain technology expenses and employee compensation costs, partially offset by an increase in ceding commissions received under our QSR Transactions and a decline in depreciation and amortization expenses.

Previous wording

Interest expense primarily reflects the carrying costs of our outstanding debt. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 includes $7.0 million of non-recurring costs related to the refinancing of the 2020 Notes and 2021 Revolving Credit Facility. See Item 1, “Financial Statements - Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 4, Debt.”

Current wording

Interest expense primarily reflects the carrying costs of our outstanding debt. For further information, see Item 1, “Financial Statements - Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 4, Debt.”

Previous wording

Income tax expense increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to the growth in our pre-tax income. Our effective tax rate on pre-tax income was 22.4% and 22.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to 22.2% and 22.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. As a U.S. taxpayer, we are subject to a statutory U.S. federal corporate income tax rate of 21%. Our provision for income taxes for interim periods is established based on our estimated annual effective tax rate for a given year and reflects the impact of discrete tax effects in the period in which they occur. Our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 include the discrete tax effects of the vesting of RSUs. See Item 1, “Financial Statements - Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9, Income Taxes.”

Current wording

Income tax expense decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to a decline in our pre-tax income and a decrease in our effective tax rate. Our effective tax rate on pre-tax income was 20.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to 21.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2025. As a U.S. taxpayer, we are subject to a statutory U.S. federal corporate income tax rate of 21%. Our provision for income taxes for interim periods is established based on our estimated annual effective tax rate for a given year and reflects the impact of discrete tax effects in the period in which they occur. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 reflects the discrete tax effects of the vesting of RSUs, and our effective tax for the three months ended March 31, 2026 further reflects the exercise of options. See Item 1, “Financial Statements - Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9, Income Taxes.”

Previous wording

Diluted and adjusted diluted EPS increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to growth in our net income, as well as a decline in the number of weighted average diluted shares outstanding tied to share repurchase activity.

Current wording

Net income and adjusted net income decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to an increase in our insurance claims and claim expenses, partially offset by growth in our total revenues. Diluted and adjusted diluted EPS were unchanged for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025, with the decrease in net income and adjusted net income offset by a decline in the number of weighted average diluted shares outstanding tied to share repurchase activity.

Previous wording

We believe the use of the non-GAAP measures of adjusted income before tax, adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS enhances the comparability of our fundamental financial performance between periods, and provides relevant information to investors. These non-GAAP financial measures align with the way the company's business performance is evaluated by management. These measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be viewed as alternatives to GAAP measures of performance. These measures have been presented to increase transparency and enhance the comparability of our fundamental operating trends across periods. Other companies may calculate these measures differently; their measures may not be comparable to those we calculate and present.

Current wording

We believe the use of the non-GAAP measures of adjusted income before tax, adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS enhance the comparability of our fundamental financial performance between periods, and provide relevant information to investors. These non-GAAP financial measures align with the way the company's business performance is evaluated by management. These measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be viewed as alternatives to GAAP measures of performance. These measures have been presented to increase transparency and enhance the comparability of our fundamental operating trends across periods. Other companies may calculate these measures differently; their measures may not be comparable to those we calculate and present.

Previous wording

•Other infrequent, unusual or non-operating items. Items that are the result of unforeseen or uncommon events, and are not expected to recur with frequency in the future. Identification and exclusion of these items provides clarity about the impact special or rare occurrences may have on our current financial performance. Past adjustments under this category include infrequent, unusual or non-operating adjustments related to severance, restricted stock modification and other expenses incurred in connection with the CEO transition announced in September 2021 and the effects of the release of the valuation allowance recorded against our net federal and certain state net deferred tax assets in 2016 and the re-measurement of our net deferred tax assets in connection with tax reform in 2017. We believe such items are infrequent or non-recurring in nature, and are not indicative of the performance of, or ongoing trends in, our primary operating activities or business.

Current wording

•Other infrequent, unusual or non-operating items. Items that are the result of unforeseen or uncommon events, and are not expected to recur with frequency in the future. Identification and exclusion of these items provides clarity about the impact special or rare occurrences may have on our current financial performance. Past adjustments under this category include infrequent, unusual or non-operating adjustments related to severance, restricted stock modification and other expenses incurred in connection with the CEO transition announced in 2021, effects of the release of the valuation allowance recorded against our net federal and certain state net deferred tax assets in 2016 and the re-measurement of our net deferred tax assets in connection with tax reform in 2017. We believe such items are infrequent or non-recurring in nature, and are not indicative of the performance of, or ongoing trends in, our primary operating activities or business.

Previous wording

Total cash and investments increased at September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 with the addition of incremental cash provided by operating activities and a decrease in the unrealized loss position of our fixed income portfolio primarily tied to changes in interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, partially offset by share repurchase activity during the period. Cash and investments at September 30, 2025 included $148.1 million held by NMIH.

Current wording

Total cash and investments increased at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025 with the addition of incremental cash provided by operating activities, partially offset by share repurchase activity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and an increase in the unrealized loss position of our fixed income portfolio primarily tied to changes in interest rates during the period. Cash and investments at March 31, 2026 included $73.0 million held by NMIH.

Previous wording

Net deferred policy acquisition costs decreased at September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 primarily due to the recognition of previously deferred policy acquisition costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, partially offset by the deferral of certain costs associated with the origination of new policies during the period.

Current wording

Net deferred policy acquisition costs decreased at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025 primarily due to the recognition of previously deferred policy acquisition costs during the three months ended March 31, 2026, largely offset by the deferral of certain costs associated with the origination of new policies during the period.

Previous wording

Net software and equipment decreased at September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 primarily due to the amortization of previously capitalized amounts during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Current wording

Net software and equipment decreased at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025 due to the amortization of previously capitalized amounts during the three months ended March 31, 2026, partially offset by the capitalization of certain software and equipment expenditures during the period.

Previous wording

Reinsurance recoverable increased at September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 due to an increase in ceded losses recoverable under the QSR Transactions tied to an increase in our gross reserve for insurance claims and claim expenses.

Current wording

Reinsurance recoverable increased at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025 due to an increase in ceded losses recoverable under our QSR Transactions tied to an increase in our gross reserve for insurance claims and claim expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2026.

Previous wording

Unearned premiums decreased at September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 due to the amortization of existing unearned premiums through earnings in accordance with the expiration of risk on related single premium policies and the cancellations of other single premium policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, partially offset by single premium policy originations during the period.

Current wording

Unearned premiums decreased at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025 due to the amortization of existing unearned premiums through earnings in accordance with the expiration of risk on related single premium policies and the cancellations of other single premium policies during the three months ended March 31, 2026, partially offset by single premium policy originations during the period.

Previous wording

Accounts payable and accrued expenses decreased at September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 primarily due to a reduction in accrued interest on the 2024 Notes, which is payable semi-annually in February and August, and the settlement of previously accrued compensation expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, partially offset by an increase in unsettled trade payables related to the purchase of certain investment securities.

Current wording

Accounts payable and accrued expenses increased at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025 primarily due to an increase in unsettled trade payables related to the purchase of certain investment securities, as well as an increase in taxes payable during the three months ended March 31, 2026, partially offset by the settlement of previously accrued compensation expenses and accrued interest on the 2024 Notes, which is payable semi-annually in February and August, during the period.

Previous wording

Reserve for insurance claims and claim expenses increased at September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 with the establishment of initial reserves on newly defaulted loans and an increase in the average case reserves held against previously defaulted loans that aged in their delinquent status during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was partially offset by the release of a portion of the reserves we established for anticipated claims payments in prior periods (in connection with cure activity and ongoing analysis of recent loss development trends), as well as the payment of previously reserved claims during the period. See “Insurance Claims and Claim Expenses,” above for further details.

Current wording

Reserve for insurance claims and claim expenses increased at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025 with the establishment of initial reserves on newly defaulted loans and an increase in the average case reserves held against previously defaulted loans that aged in their delinquency status during the three months ended March 31, 2026. The increase was partially offset by the release of a portion of the reserves we established for anticipated claims payments in prior periods (in connection with cure activity and ongoing analysis of recent loss development trends), as well as the payment of previously reserved claims during the period. See “Insurance Claims and Claim Expenses,” above for further details.

Previous wording

Net deferred tax liability increased at September 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 due to an increase in the claimed deductibility of our statutory contingency reserve, as well as a decrease in the aggregate unrealized loss position of our fixed income portfolio recorded in other comprehensive income. For further information regarding income taxes and their impact on our results of operations and financial position, see Item 1, “Financial Statements - Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9, Income Taxes.”

Current wording

Net deferred tax liability increased at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025 due to an increase in the claimed deductibility of our statutory contingency reserve during the three months ended March 31, 2026, partially offset by an increase in the aggregate unrealized loss position of our fixed income portfolio recorded in other comprehensive income during the period. For further information regarding income taxes and their impact on our results of operations and financial position, see Item 1, “Financial Statements - Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 9, Income Taxes.”