Sound Financial Bancorp, Inc.

Previous wording

Certain matters discussed in this Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, are based on certain assumptions and are generally identified by use of the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “plans,” “targets,” “potentially,” “probably,” “projects,” “outlook” or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, assumptions and statements about, among other things, expectations of the business environment in which we operate, projections of future performance or financial items, perceived opportunities in the market, potential future credit experience, and statements regarding our mission and vision. These forward-looking statements are based upon current management expectations and may, therefore, involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from those suggested, expressed, or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of a wide variety or range of factors including, but not limited to:

Current wording

Certain matters discussed in this Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact but are based on certain assumptions and are generally identified by use of the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "forecasts," "intends," "plans," "targets," "potentially," "probably," "projects," "outlook" or similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as "may," "will," "should," "would" and "could." Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, assumptions and statements about, among other things, expectations of the business environment in which we operate, projections of future performance or financial items, perceived opportunities in the market, potential future credit experience, and statements regarding our mission and vision. These forward-looking statements are based upon current management expectations and may, therefore, involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from those suggested, expressed, or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of a wide range of factors including, but not limited to:

Previous wording

•effects of employment levels, persistent inflation, recessionary pressures, or slowing economic growth;

Current wording

•effects of employment levels, inflation, a recession, or slowed economic growth;

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•changes in interest rate levels and the duration of such changes, including actions by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”), which could adversely affect our revenues and expenses, the values of our assets and obligations, and the availability and cost of capital and liquidity;

Current wording

•changes in interest rate levels and volatility, and the timing and pace of such changes, including actions by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”), which could adversely affect our revenues and expenses, the values of our assets and obligations, and the availability and cost of capital and liquidity;

Previous wording

•the impact of inflation and monetary and fiscal policy responses thereto, and their impact on consumer behavior;

Current wording

•the impact of inflation and related monetary and fiscal policy responses thereto, including their effects on consumer and business behavior;

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•the effects of a federal government shutdown, debt ceiling standoff, or other fiscal policy uncertainties;

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•the effects of any federal government shutdown, debt ceiling standoff, or other fiscal uncertainties;

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•bank failures or adverse developments at other banks and related negative press about the banking industry in general on investor and depositor sentiment;

Current wording

•bank failures or adverse developments at other banks and related negative publicity about the banking industry on investor and depositor sentiment;

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•the possibility that unexpected outflows of uninsured deposits may require us to sell investment securities at a loss;

Current wording

•the possibility that unexpected outflows of deposits may require us to sell investment securities at a loss;

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•our ability to attract and retain deposits;

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•our ability to attract and retain deposits, including the risk that changes to federal deposit insurance limits or coverage rules, or customer concerns regarding the safety of uninsured deposits, could adversely affect deposit stability;

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•our ability to adapt to rapid technological changes, including advancements in artificial intelligence, digital banking, and cybersecurity;

Current wording

•our ability to adapt to rapid technological changes, including advancements related to artificial intelligence (“AI”), the use of AI models in credit decisioning, customer service, and operations, including risks of model error, bias, regulatory scrutiny under fair lending laws, and third-party AI dependencies, digital banking platforms, and cybersecurity;

Previous wording

•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;

Current wording

•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”);

Previous wording

•geopolitical developments and international conflicts, including but not limited to tensions or instability in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, or the imposition of new or increased tariffs and trade restrictions, which may disrupt financial markets, global supply chains, energy prices, or economic activity in specific industry sectors;

Current wording

•geopolitical developments and international conflicts, or the imposition of new or increased tariffs and trade restrictions, any of which may disrupt financial markets, global supply chains, commodity prices, or economic activity in specific industry sectors;

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•the effects of climate change, severe weather events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or terrorism, civil unrest and other external events;

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•the effects of climate change, severe weather events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or terrorism, domestic civil unrest and other external events;

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•the other risks described from time to time in our reports filed with or furnished to the SEC, including this Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (“2024 Form 10-K”).

Current wording

•the other risks described from time to time in our documents filed with or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including this Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (“2025 Form 10-K”).

Previous wording

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. The factors described above could materially affect our financial performance, cause our actual results for future periods to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements, and negatively affect our stock price performance.

Current wording

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. The factors listed above could materially affect our financial performance and cause our actual results for future periods to differ materially from any forward-looking statements expressed or implied with respect to future periods and could negatively affect our stock price performance.

Previous wording

We do not undertake and specifically decline any obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

Current wording

We do not undertake, and specifically decline, any obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the dates of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

Previous wording

Sound Community Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC. At September 30, 2025, Sound Financial Bancorp, on a consolidated basis, had total assets of $1.06 billion, net loans held-for-portfolio of $901.2 million, deposits of $898.9 million and stockholders’ equity of $107.5 million. The common stock of Sound Financial Bancorp is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “SFBC.” Our executive offices are located at 2400 3rd Avenue, Suite 150, Seattle, Washington, 98121.

Current wording

Sound Community Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC. At March 31, 2026, Sound Financial Bancorp, on a consolidated basis, had total assets of $1.11 billion, net loans held-for-portfolio of $912.9 million, deposits of $968.5 million and stockholders’ equity of $110.4 million. The common stock of Sound Financial Bancorp is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “SFBC.” Our executive offices are located at 2400 3rd Avenue, Suite 150, Seattle, Washington, 98121.

Previous wording

Our principal business consists of attracting retail and commercial deposits from the general public and investing those funds, along with borrowed funds, in loans secured by first and second mortgages on one-to-four family residences (including home equity loans and lines of credit), commercial and multifamily real estate loans, construction and land loans, and consumer and commercial business loans. Our commercial business loans include unsecured lines of credit, secured term loans and lines of credit secured by inventory, equipment and accounts receivable. We also offer a variety of secured and unsecured consumer loan products, including manufactured home loans, floating home loans, automobile loans, boat loans and recreational vehicle loans. As part of our business, we focus on residential mortgage loan originations, a portion of which we sell to Fannie Mae and other investors and the remainder of which we retain for our loan portfolio consistent with our asset/liability objectives. We sell loans which conform to the underwriting standards of Fannie Mae (“conforming”) and retain the servicing of the loan in order to maintain the direct customer relationship and to generate noninterest income. Residential loans which do not conform to the underwriting standards of Fannie Mae (“non-conforming”) are either held in our loan portfolio or sold with servicing released. We originate and retain a significant amount of commercial real estate loans, including those secured by owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied commercial real estate, multifamily properties and mobile home parks, and construction and land development loans.

Current wording

Our principal business consists of attracting retail and commercial deposits from the general public and investing those funds, along with borrowed funds, in loans secured by first and second mortgages on one-to-four family residences (including home equity loans and lines of credit), commercial and multifamily real estate loans, construction and land loans, and consumer and commercial business loans. Our commercial business loans include unsecured lines of credit, secured term loans and lines of credit secured by inventory, equipment and accounts receivable. We also offer a variety of secured and unsecured consumer loan products, including manufactured home loans, floating home loans, automobile loans, boat loans and recreational vehicle loans. As part of our business, we focus on residential mortgage loan originations, a portion of which we sell to Fannie Mae and other investors and the remainder of which we retain for our loan portfolio consistent with our asset/liability objectives. We sell loans which conform to the underwriting standards of Fannie Mae (“conforming”) and retain the servicing of such loans in order to maintain the direct customer relationship and to generate noninterest income. Residential loans which do not conform to the underwriting standards of Fannie Mae (“non-conforming”) are either held in our loan portfolio or sold with servicing released. We originate and retain a significant amount of commercial real estate loans, including those secured by owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied commercial real estate, multifamily properties and mobile home parks, and construction and land development loans.

Previous wording

Investment securities decreased $384 thousand, or 3.9%, to $9.5 million at September 30, 2025, compared to $9.9 million at December 31, 2024. Held-to-maturity securities totaled $1.9 million and $2.1 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Available-for-sale securities totaled $7.6 million at September 30, 2025, compared to $7.8 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease in held-to-maturity securities was primarily due to principal paydowns. The decrease in available-for-sale securities was primarily due to regularly scheduled payments, partially offset by lower net unrealized losses resulting from an increase in the market value of our portfolio in 2025.

Current wording

Investment securities decreased $190 thousand, or 2.0%, to $9.4 million at March 31, 2026, compared to $9.6 million at December 31, 2025. Held-to-maturity securities totaled $1.9 million at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Available-for-sale securities totaled $7.5 million at March 31, 2026, compared to $7.7 million at December 31, 2025. The decrease in available-for-sale securities was related to principal paydowns or payoffs, as well as decreases in fair value.

Previous wording

Loans. Loans held-for-portfolio, net increased $9.5 million, or 1.1%, to $901.2 million at September 30, 2025, from $891.7 million at December 31, 2024.

Current wording

Loans. Loans held-for-portfolio, net increased $16.0 million, or 1.8%, to $912.9 million at March 31, 2026, from $896.9 million at December 31, 2025.

Previous wording

The increases in the loan held-for-portfolio were driven primarily by a $37.3 million, or 10.0%, increase in commercial and multifamily loans, driven by new originations and the conversion of construction projects to permanent financing, partially offset by pay-downs and normal payment amortization. Home equity loans increased by $3.2 million, or 12.1%, as demand for this product remains high with homeowners utilizing their home equity lines to access liquidity as opposed to paying off their lower rate mortgages. Manufactured home loans and floating home loans increased by $1.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively, or 3.9% and 2.6%, primarily the result of seasonality as it relates to floating homes and affordability of manufactured homes in the current market as well as internal efficiencies in how we process these loans. The growth in these portfolios were partially offset by a $20.3 million, or 27.8%, decline in construction and land loans largely due to project completions and a slowdown in new financing activities amid higher interest rates, as well as the payoff of a $17.0 million loan that had been risk rated as special mention. One-to-four-family loans and commercial business loans declined primarily due to loan repayments exceeding new originations.

Current wording

The increase in total loans held-for-portfolio was driven primarily by a $21.6 million, or 43.0%, increase in construction and land loans largely due to new project loan originations in the current quarter. Given the growth in this loan category and current macroeconomic uncertainty, we have applied qualitative adjustments to our ACL for construction and land loans, as discussed further in the “Allowance for Credit Losses” section below. Home equity loans increased by $435 thousand, or 1.4%, as demand for this product remains high with homeowners utilizing their home equity lines to access liquidity as opposed to paying off their lower rate mortgages. The growth in these segments of the portfolio was partially offset by decreases in one-to-four-family loans and floating home loans of $2.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, or 1.1% and 2.7%, primarily due to loan repayments exceeding new originations.

Previous wording

At September 30, 2025, our loan portfolio, net of deferred loan fees, remained well-diversified. At that date, commercial and multifamily real estate loans accounted for 44.8% of total loans, one-to-four family loans, including home equity loans, accounted for 31.5% of total loans, commercial business loans accounted for 1.6% of total loans, and consumer loans, consisting of manufactured homes, floating homes, and other consumer loans, accounted for 16.3% of total loans. Construction and land loans accounted for 5.8% of total loans at September 30, 2025.

Current wording

At March 31, 2026, our loan portfolio, net of deferred loan fees, remained well-diversified. At that date, commercial and multifamily real estate loans accounted for 44.4% of total loans, one-to-four family loans, including home equity loans, accounted for 30.6% of total loans, commercial business loans accounted for 1.6% of total loans, and consumer loans, consisting of manufactured homes, floating homes, and other consumer loans, accounted for 15.6% of total loans. Construction and land loans accounted for 7.8% of total loans at March 31, 2026.

Previous wording

Loans held-for-sale totaled $271 thousand at September 30, 2025, compared to $487 thousand at December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to timing of mortgage originations and sales.

Current wording

Loans held-for-sale totaled $281 thousand at March 31, 2026, compared to $542 thousand at December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to timing of mortgage originations and sales.

Previous wording

Our ACL — loans increased $65 thousand, or 0.8%, to $8.6 million at September 30, 2025, from $8.5 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in the ACL - loans was primarily a result of an increase in the balance of our loan portfolio, as well as higher reserves on our portfolio of other consumer loans and residential loans due to qualitative adjustments for uncertainty in market conditions and concentrations, partially offset by lower reserves due to qualitative adjustments for improved credit quality. See “Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 — Provision for Credit Losses.”

Current wording

Our ACL — loans increased $30 thousand, or 0.3%, to $8.6 million at March 31, 2026, from $8.6 million at December 31, 2025. The increase in the ACL - loans was primarily a result of an increase in the balance of our loan portfolio, as well as higher reserves on our portfolio of construction loan and land loans due to qualitative adjustments for uncertainty in market conditions and concentrations, partially offset by improvement in other consumer past due loans and commercial construction collateral values. See “Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 — Provision for Credit Losses.”

Previous wording

Nonperforming assets (“NPAs”), which were comprised of nonperforming loans (nonaccrual loans and nonperforming modified loans), other real estate owned (“OREO”) and repossessed assets, decreased $4.4 million, or 59.1%, to $3.1 million, or 0.29% of total assets, at September 30, 2025 from $7.5 million, or 0.75% of total assets, at December 31, 2024.

Current wording

Nonperforming assets (“NPAs”), which were comprised of nonperforming loans (nonaccrual loans and nonperforming modified loans), other real estate owned (“OREO”) and repossessed assets, increased $1.4 million, or 22.1%, to $7.5 million, or 0.67% of total assets, at March 31, 2026 from $6.1 million, or 0.56% of total assets, at December 31, 2025.

Previous wording

Mortgage Servicing Rights. The fair value of mortgage servicing rights decreased $464 thousand, or 9.7%, to $4.3 million at September 30, 2025 from $4.8 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily related to a decline in the size of our mortgage servicing portfolio and an increase in the estimated cost of servicing. We record mortgage servicing rights on loans sold with servicing retained and upon acquisition of a servicing portfolio. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value. If the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights fluctuates significantly, our financial results could be materially impacted.

Current wording

Mortgage Servicing Rights. The fair value of mortgage servicing rights decreased $87 thousand, or 2.1%, to $4.1 million at March 31, 2026 from $4.2 million at December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily related to a decline in the size of our mortgage servicing portfolio and modest changes in valuation assumptions, including prepayment speed assumptions reflecting current interest rate expectations. We record mortgage servicing rights on loans sold with servicing retained and upon acquisition of a servicing portfolio. Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value. If the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights fluctuates significantly, our financial results could be materially impacted.

Previous wording

Deposits and Borrowings. Total deposits increased $61.1 million, or 7.3%, to $898.9 million at September 30, 2025 from $837.8 million at December 31, 2024. This increase was primarily due to the return of reciprocal deposits that were temporarily moved off-balance sheet at year-end for liquidity and balance sheet management purposes. The reintroduction of these deposits in the first quarter of 2025 contributed significantly to the overall growth. In contrast, noninterest-bearing deposits decreased $1.1 million, or 0.9%, to $131.4 million at September 30, 2025, compared to $132.5 million at December 31, 2024. This decline was primarily the result of normal daily fluctuations in customer account balances, reflecting routine activity rather than significant changes in overall deposit levels. Noninterest-bearing deposits represented 14.6% of total deposits at September 30, 2025, compared to 15.8% at December 31, 2024.

Current wording

Deposits and Borrowings. Total deposits increased $19.6 million, or 2.1%, to $968.5 million at March 31, 2026 from $948.9 million at December 31, 2025. This increase was primarily due to seasonal fluctuations in customer account balances, new client deposits, and higher balances from large depositors. Noninterest-bearing deposits decreased $1.5 million, or 1.1%, to $131.1 million at March 31, 2026, compared to $132.6 million at December 31, 2025. This decline was primarily the result of normal daily fluctuations in customer account balances, reflecting routine activity rather than significant changes in overall deposit levels. Noninterest-bearing deposits represented 13.5% of total deposits at March 31, 2026, compared to 14.0% at December 31, 2025.

Previous wording

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of more than $250,000 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, totaled $103.9 million and $90.9 million, respectively. Deposit amounts in excess of $250,000 are not federally insured. As of September 30, 2025, uninsured deposits totaled $168.6 million, which represented 18.8% of total deposits, as compared to uninsured deposits of $167.3 million, or 20.0% of total deposits as of December 31, 2024. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements. The increase in the balance of uninsured deposits primarily related to jumbo tier pricing offered on some of our deposit products, as well as normal fluctuations within deposit accounts.

Current wording

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of more than $250,000 at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, totaled $106.8 million and $112.4 million, respectively. Deposit amounts in excess of $250,000 are not federally insured. As of March 31, 2026, uninsured deposits totaled $197.9 million, which represented 20.4% of total deposits, as compared to uninsured deposits of $184.7 million, or 19.5% of total deposits as of December 31, 2025. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements. The increase in the balance of uninsured deposits primarily related to jumbo tier pricing offered on some of our deposit products, as well as normal fluctuations within deposit accounts.

Previous wording

Borrowings, comprised of FHLB advances, were $25.0 million at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. FHLB advances are primarily used to support organic loan growth and to maintain liquidity ratios in line with our asset/liability objectives. FHLB advances outstanding at September 30, 2025 had maturities ranging from early 2026 through early 2028. Subordinated notes, net totaled $11.8 million at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Current wording

Borrowings, comprised of FHLB advances, were $10.0 million at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. FHLB advances are primarily used to support organic loan growth and to maintain liquidity ratios in line with our asset/liability objectives. A single FHLB advance outstanding at March 31, 2026 matures in early 2028. Subordinated notes, net totaled $7.8 million at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Previous wording

Stockholders’ Equity. Total stockholders’ equity increased $3.8 million, or 3.7%, to $107.5 million at September 30, 2025, from $103.7 million at December 31, 2024. This increase primarily reflects $4.9 million of net income earned during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, $231 thousand of share-based compensation, an $80 thousand decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, and $21 thousand related to the exercise of common stock options. These changes were partially offset by the payment of $1.5 million in cash dividends to stockholders.

Current wording

Stockholders’ Equity. Total stockholders’ equity increased $1.0 million, or 0.9%, to $110.4 million at March 31, 2026, from $109.4 million at December 31, 2025. This increase primarily reflects $1.6 million of net income earned during the three months ended March 31, 2026, partially offset by the payment of $541 thousand in cash dividends to stockholders and an $80 thousand increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax.

Previous wording

Comparison of Results of Operation for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

Current wording

Comparison of Results of Operation for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

Previous wording

Q3 2025 vs Q3 2024. Net income increased $541 thousand, or 46.9%, to $1.7 million, or $0.66 per diluted common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $1.2 million, or $0.45 per diluted common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2024, reflecting strong growth in net interest income. The improvement was partially offset by higher provisions for credit losses, a modest decline in noninterest income, and slightly higher income taxes. Noninterest expenses remained relatively flat contributing positively to the overall increase in net income.

Current wording

Net income increased $409 thousand, or 35.0%, to $1.6 million, or $0.61 per diluted common share, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $1.2 million, or $0.45 per diluted common share, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting strong growth in net interest income. The improvement was partially offset by higher provisions for credit losses, a modest decline in noninterest income, and slightly higher income taxes. Noninterest expenses remained relatively flat.

Previous wording

Interest income on loans increased $636 thousand, or 4.9%, to $13.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $12.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The average yield on total loans rose to 5.89% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, from 5.70% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the origination of new loans at higher interest rates and upward repricing on variable-rate loans. The average balance of total loans was $910.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $898.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Current wording

Interest income on loans increased $719 thousand, or 5.7%, to $13.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $12.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The average yield on total loans rose to 5.90% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from 5.69% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to the origination of new loans at higher interest rates and upward repricing on variable-rate loans. The average balance of total loans was $914.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $896.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

Q3 2025 vs Q3 2024. Total interest expense decreased $1.3 million, or 18.0%, to $5.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower interest rates across most interest-bearing liabilities, resulting from lower market interest rates generally, as well as a $222 thousand decrease related to lower average liability balances, particularly in certificate accounts and borrowings.

Current wording

Total interest expense decreased $217 thousand, or 3.9%, to $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower interest rates across most interest-bearing liabilities, resulting from lower market interest rates generally, partially offset by an increase in our average balance of interest-bearing liabilities.

Previous wording

Interest expense on certificate accounts declined $719 thousand, driven by a $120 thousand volume-related decrease and a $599 thousand rate-related decrease. The average balance of certificate accounts declined to $291.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $303.6 million during the same period in 2024, while the average rate paid decreased to 3.82% from 4.62%. These declines reflect the continued runoff and repricing of higher-rate time deposits originated in prior periods, and our strategy to focus on non-maturity interest-bearing deposits. In addition, interest expense on savings and money market accounts decreased $321 thousand, or 11.94%, to $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $2.7 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease was driven entirely by lower average rate paid on these accounts, which declined 46 basis points to 2.68% from 3.14%. The rate decrease reflects repricing strategies implemented to manage overall funding costs in a stabilizing rate environment, partially offset by higher average balances, which increased to $350.6 million from $340.3 million, reflecting shifts in customer deposit preferences, as well as higher rates offered on some of these products as compared to new certificate accounts. The interest expense on demand and NOW accounts decreased $48 thousand, due to both lower average balances and slightly lower rates.

Current wording

Interest expense on certificate accounts declined $303 thousand, driven by a $379 thousand rate-related decrease, partially offset by a $76 thousand volume-related increase. The average balance of certificate accounts rose to $301.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $293.0 million during the same period in 2025, while the average rate paid fell to 3.68% from 4.21%. The decline in the average rate reflected lower market interest rates and the repricing of maturing certificates into the current rate environment. In addition, interest expense on demand and NOW accounts decreased $26 thousand, due to both lower average balances and slightly lower rates. Interest expense on savings and money market accounts increased $248 thousand, or 12.1%, to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $2.1 million for the same period in 2025, primarily due to an increase in average balances to $388.6 million from $332.4 million, reflecting shifts in customer deposit preferences from certificate accounts into more liquid deposit products. This increase was partially offset by a 10 basis point decline in the average rate paid to 2.41% from 2.51%, as we implemented repricing strategies to manage overall funding costs.

Previous wording

Interest expense on borrowings, comprised solely of FHLB advances, decreased $165 thousand , primarily due to a $15.0 million decline in average borrowings following the payoff of an FHLB advance during the fourth quarter of 2024. The average balance of FHLB advances was $25.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $40.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The average rate paid on borrowings decreased five basis points to 4.27% for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to 4.32% for the same quarter in 2024. Interest expense on subordinated notes was $168 thousand for both the three months ended September 30, 2025 and the three months ended September 30, 2024, with no material changes in the average balance or rate paid. On October 1, 2025, we redeemed $4.0 million of the $12.0 million of our outstanding subordinated notes.

Current wording

Interest expense on borrowings, comprised solely of FHLB advances, decreased $154 thousand , primarily due to a $14.4 million decline in average borrowings following the payoff of an FHLB advance during the fourth quarter of 2025. The average balance of FHLB advances was $10.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $25.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The average rate paid on borrowings decreased ten basis points to 4.15% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, compared to 4.25% for the same quarter in 2025. Interest expense on subordinated notes was $186 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to $168 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was due to the debt converting to a variable-rate instrument that reprices on a quarterly basis from the previous fixed-rate period, partially offset by a lower average balance as a result of the paydown of $4.0 million of our subordinated debt balance in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Previous wording

Q3 2025 vs Q3 2024. Net interest income increased $1.1 million, or 13.6%, to $8.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, from $7.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was mainly the result of decreased funding costs, primarily from lower average rates paid on all categories of interest-bearing deposits and a lower average balance of borrowings, as well as higher average yields on interest-earning assets due to the recognition of interest income from the payoff of loans previously on nonaccrual, variable rate loans adjusting to higher market interest rates and new loan originations at higher interest rates. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in the average balance of interest-earning assets. Overall, the decline in average funding costs and increase in average yield on loans primarily contributed to a 57 basis point improvement in the net interest rate spread and a 50 basis point increase in the annualized net interest margin, which rose to 3.48% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 2.98% for the same period in 2024.

Current wording

Net interest income increased $976 thousand, or 12.1%, to $9.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $8.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, driven by both growth in interest-earning asset balances and improvement in the net interest rate spread, reflecting higher loan yields and lower funding costs across most categories of interest-bearing liabilities. These changes were partially offset by a decrease in the average yield on investments and interest-bearing cash. Overall, the decline in average funding costs and increase in average yield on loans resulted in a 29 basis point improvement in the net interest rate spread and a 26 basis point increase in the annualized net interest margin, which rose to 3.51% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to 3.25% for the same period in 2025.

Previous wording

Through most of 2024, the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve (“FOMC”) maintained the target range for the federal funds rate at 5.25% to 5.50%, where it remained until September 18, 2024. In light of continued progress on reducing inflation and after considering the balance of risks to the economy, the FOMC lowered the target range 100 basis points to 4.25% to 4.50% between September 2024 and December 2024. The target rate range remained at this level until September 2025, when the FOMC implemented an additional 25 basis point reduction, lowering the target range to 4.00% to 4.25%. The lower interest rate environment has contributed to decreased funding costs, while loan yields have remained elevated due to repricing of variable-rate loans and higher rates on new loan originations.

Current wording

Through most of 2025, the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve (“FOMC”) maintained the target range for the federal funds rate at 4.25% to 4.50%, where it remained until September 2025. The FOMC subsequently lowered the target range 75 basis points to 3.50% to 3.75% between September 2025 and December 2025. The FOMC maintained the target range for the federal funds rate through the first quarter of 2026. The lower interest rate environment has contributed to decreased funding costs, while loan yields have remained elevated due to repricing of variable-rate loans and higher rates on new loan originations.

Previous wording

Expected credit loss estimates are based on a range of factors, including market conditions, borrower-specific information, projected delinquencies, and anticipated effects of economic trends on borrowers’ ability to repay.

Current wording

A provision for credit losses of $123 thousand was recorded for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, compared to a release of provision for credit losses of $203 thousand for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. The swing to a provision in the current quarter resulted primarily from annual updates to model assumptions that increased estimated loss factors, growth in the loan portfolio, and additional qualitative adjustments applied to the commercial loan segment, reflecting uncertainty surrounding geopolitical conditions and the potential impact of tariffs on our borrowers. Expected credit loss estimates consider various factors, including market conditions, borrower-specific information, projected delinquencies, and anticipated effects of economic trends on borrowers' ability to repay. Net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026 totaled $19 thousand, compared to $21 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Previous wording

Noninterest Income. Total noninterest income decreased $354 thousand, or 28.7%, to $881 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as reflected below (dollars in thousands):

Current wording

Noninterest Income. Total noninterest income decreased $188 thousand, or 17.1%, to $910 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as reflected below (dollars in thousands):

Previous wording

•a $44 thousand increase in service charges and fee income, primarily due to higher interchange income in the current quarter;

Current wording

•a $60 thousand decrease in service charges and fee income, primarily due to differences in the volume incentive paid by Mastercard in 2025 and 2026;