PINTEREST, INC.

Previous wording

A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from a small number of advertisers and is currently concentrated in certain verticals, particularly retail and CPG. We either contract directly with advertisers or with advertising agencies on behalf of advertisers, many of which are owned by large media corporations that exercise varying degrees of control over the agencies. Our business, revenue and financial results could be harmed by the loss of, or a deterioration in our relationship with, any of our largest advertisers or with any advertising agencies or the large media corporations that control them.

Current wording

A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from a small number of advertisers and is currently concentrated in certain verticals, particularly retail. We either contract directly with advertisers or with advertising agencies on behalf of advertisers, many of which are owned by large media corporations that exercise varying degrees of control over the agencies. Moreover, spending by our largest advertisers can and has fluctuated significantly from period to period, and growth in advertising spend from any one of these advertisers may not offset reduced advertising spend by others. Our business, revenue and financial results could be harmed by the loss of, reduced spending by, or a deterioration in our relationship with, any one of our largest advertisers or with any advertising agencies or the large media corporations that control them.

Previous wording

•changes to our data privacy practices (including those relating to protecting the security and integrity of our platform, our use of AI, as well those resulting from changes to laws, regulations, legal decisions, or third-party policies) that affect the type or manner of advertising that we are able to provide;

Current wording

•changes to our data privacy practices (including those relating to protecting the security and integrity of our platform, our use of AI, as well as those resulting from changes to laws, regulations, legal decisions, or third-party policies) that affect the type or manner of advertising that we are able to provide;

Previous wording

•the macroeconomic conditions and the status of the advertising industry, such as fear of recession, inflation, the impact of tariffs and related retaliatory actions and other trade protection measures, supply chain issues, and inventory and labor shortages, which could cause businesses to spend less on advertising and/or direct their advertising spend to larger companies that offer more traditional and widely accepted advertising products;

Current wording

•the macroeconomic conditions and the status of the advertising industry, such as fear of recession, inflation, the impact of tariffs and related retaliatory actions and other trade protection measures, supply chain issues, and inventory and labor shortages, which from time to time cause businesses to spend less on advertising and/or direct their advertising spend to larger companies that offer more traditional and widely accepted advertising products;

Previous wording

We anticipate that our active user growth rate will decline over time if the size of our active user base increases or we achieve higher market penetration rates. As a result, our financial performance will increasingly depend on our ability to increase user engagement and our monetization efforts. Our platform particularly resonates with women, who comprise a significant majority of our total user base. In addition, our platform also resonates with the younger generation, as Gen Z users represent a large portion of our user base. We may not be able to further increase the number of users in these demographics and may need to increase the number of users in other demographics, such as men and international users, in order to grow our users. Further, we may make changes to our product that makes it less attractive for a particular demographic.

Current wording

We anticipate that our active user growth rate will decline over time if the size of our active user base increases or we achieve higher market penetration rates. As a result, our financial performance will increasingly depend on our ability to increase user engagement and our monetization efforts. Our platform particularly resonates with women, who comprise a significant majority of our total user base. In addition, our platform also resonates with the younger generation, as Gen Z users represent a large portion of our user base. We may not be able to further increase the number of users in these demographics and may need to increase the number of users in other demographics, such as men and international users, in order to grow our users. Further, we may make changes to our product that make it less attractive for a particular demographic.

Previous wording

•there is decreased engagement with our products, decreased efficiency of our advertising products, or failure to accept our terms of service as part of changes that we have implemented or may implement in the future, whether required or voluntarily, in connection with, for example, GDPR, the Digital Services Act ("DSA"), the CCPA, and other international and U.S. federal and state privacy, youth and social media laws, among others;

Current wording

•there is decreased engagement with our products, decreased efficiency of our advertising products, or failure to accept our terms of service as part of changes that we have implemented or may implement in the future, whether required or voluntarily, in connection with, for example, the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), the Digital Services Act ("DSA"), the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), and other international and U.S. federal and state privacy, youth and social media laws, among others;

Previous wording

Some of the actions that we may take to make our platform more positive and inspiring and make our content more useful and relevant may reduce traffic that we drive from our platform to the websites of third parties, which may reduce their willingness to contribute or continue availability of their content on our platform. We endeavor to keep divisive, disturbing or unsafe content off our platform by deactivating or limiting the distribution of certain types of content, even if this content would be permitted on other platforms, which could result in a decrease in user growth, retention or engagement. We apply significant judgment in making these determinations and may be unsuccessful in our efforts to remove this content in a manner that is (or is perceived to be) consistently applied and on a timely basis or at all, which could also result in a decrease in user growth, retention or engagement. We are also subject to investor, political, legal or regulatory scrutiny of the decisions we make regarding content we remove from, or allow on, platform. Further, we may not be able to prevent users from misusing the content they discover on our platform, or misusing the platform itself, which may harm our brand and reputation and also deter users and advertisers from using our platform. If we fail to identify and remove from our platform advertisers and merchants who offer poor quality goods or fail to deliver goods to their customers, we may lose user confidence. In addition, controversies regarding content on other online platforms, such as the allegations of the impact of social media or online platforms on the mental health of users, may impact user engagement and advertising spending on our platform. Any of these factors could decrease our user growth, retention or engagement.

Current wording

Some of the actions that we may take to make our platform more positive and inspiring and make our content more useful and relevant may reduce traffic that we drive from our platform to the websites of third parties, which may reduce their willingness to contribute or continue availability of their content on our platform. We endeavor to keep divisive, disturbing or unsafe content off our platform by deactivating or limiting the distribution of certain types of content, even if this content would be permitted on other platforms, which could result in a decrease in user growth, retention or engagement. We apply significant judgment in making these determinations and may be unsuccessful in our efforts to remove this content in a manner that is (or is perceived to be) consistently applied and on a timely basis or at all, which could also result in a decrease in user growth, retention or engagement. We are also subject to investor, political, legal or regulatory scrutiny of the decisions we make regarding content we remove from, or allow on, our platform. Further, we may not be able to prevent users from misusing the content they discover on our platform, or misusing the platform itself, which may harm our brand and reputation and also deter users and advertisers from using our platform. If we fail to identify and remove from our platform advertisers and merchants who offer poor quality goods or fail to deliver goods to their customers, we may lose user confidence. In addition, controversies regarding content on other online platforms, such as the allegations of the impact of social media or online platforms on the mental health of users, may impact user engagement and advertising spending on our platform. Any of these factors could decrease our user growth, retention or engagement.

Previous wording

•macroeconomic conditions, such as inflation and labor shortage which had an impact on the pace of our global expansion;

Current wording

•macroeconomic conditions, such as inflation and labor shortages, which had an impact on the pace of our global expansion;

Previous wording

We may not successfully execute or achieve the expected benefits of our restructuring plan, which could adversely affect our business.

Current wording

We may not achieve the expected benefits of our restructuring plan, which could adversely affect our business.

Previous wording

initiatives of reallocating resources to AI-focused roles and teams that drive AI adoption and execution, prioritizing AI powered products and capabilities, and accelerating the transformation of our sales and go-to-market approach.

Current wording

During the first quarter of 2026, we initiated the Restructuring Plan, which we completed in the third quarter of 2026, to support our transformation initiatives of reallocating resources to AI-focused roles and teams that drive AI adoption and execution, prioritizing AI powered products and capabilities, and accelerating the transformation of our sales and go-to-market approach.

Previous wording

The Plan could adversely affect our business and results of operations due to any of the following: requiring costs, charges and impacts to cash flows greater than anticipated; adversely affecting our internal programs and our ability to recruit and retain skilled and motivated personnel; being distracting to employees and management; negatively impacting our business operations and reputation with or ability to serve customers; not generating the intended benefits to the extent or as quickly as anticipated; and not being able to exit or reduce office space as anticipated.

Current wording

The Restructuring Plan could adversely affect our business and results of operations due to any of the following: adversely affecting our internal programs and our ability to recruit and retain skilled and motivated personnel; negatively impacting our business operations and reputation with or ability to serve customers; and not generating the intended benefits to the extent or as quickly as anticipated.

Previous wording

As part of our business strategy, we have made and intend to make acquisitions to add specialized employees and complementary companies, products or technologies. For example, in the fourth quarter of 2025, we announced entry into a definitive agreement to acquire tvScientific, Inc., and we closed the acquisition in February 2026. This and other acquisitions may not achieve our goals, and we may not realize benefits from this or other acquisitions we make in the future. Closing and integrating acquisitions requires significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. If we fail to successfully integrate acquisitions, or the personnel or technologies associated with those acquisitions, the business, revenue and financial results of the combined company could be harmed. Our acquisition strategy may change over time and future acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by users, advertisers, investors or other parties with whom we do business. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology and accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition, including accounting charges. We may also incur unanticipated liabilities that we assume as a result of acquiring companies. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition, each of which could affect our financial condition or the value of our securities. We would expect to finance any future acquisitions through a combination of additional issuances of equity, corporate indebtedness, asset-backed acquisition financing or cash from operations. The issuance of equity to finance any such acquisitions could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. In the future, we may not be able to find other suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. We may not be able to successfully complete announced transactions on a timely basis or at all, and our acquisitions are subject to scrutiny from regulators, which could block, delay or impose conditions (such as divestitures, ownership or operational restrictions or other structural or behavioral remedies) on the completion of transactions or the integration of acquired operations. Our acquisition strategy could require significant management attention, disrupt our business and harm our business, revenue and financial results.

Current wording

As part of our business strategy, we have made and intend to make acquisitions to add specialized employees and complementary companies, products or technologies. For example, we acquired tvScientific, Inc. in February 2026. This and other acquisitions may not achieve our goals, and we may not realize benefits from this or other acquisitions we make in the future. Closing and integrating acquisitions requires significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. If we fail to successfully integrate acquisitions, or the personnel or technologies associated with those acquisitions, the business, revenue and financial results of the combined company could be harmed. Our acquisition strategy may change over time and future acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by users, advertisers, investors or other parties with whom we do business. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology and accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition, including accounting charges. We may also incur unanticipated liabilities that we assume as a result of acquiring companies. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition, each of which could affect our financial condition or the value of our securities. We would expect to finance any future acquisitions through a combination of additional issuances of equity, corporate indebtedness, asset-backed acquisition financing or cash from operations. The issuance of equity to finance any such acquisitions could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. In the future, we may not be able to find other suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. We may not be able to successfully complete announced transactions on a timely basis or at all, and our acquisitions are subject to scrutiny from regulators, which could block, delay or impose conditions (such as divestitures, ownership or operational restrictions or other structural or behavioral remedies) on the completion of transactions or the integration of acquired operations. Our acquisition strategy could require significant management attention, disrupt our business and harm our business, revenue and financial results.

Previous wording

We use machine learning and AI technologies in our products and services, and we are making investments in expanding our AI capabilities, including ongoing deployment and improvement of existing machine learning and AI technologies, as well as developing new product features using AI technologies. There are significant risks involved in developing and deploying AI and there can be no assurance that the usage of AI will enhance our products or services or be beneficial to our business, including our profitability. AI technologies are complex and rapidly evolving, and we face significant potential disruption from other companies, particularly as internet companies utilize AI to introduce new methods of search and discovery for consumers and AI reduces barriers to entry to compete with our products and services, as well as an evolving regulatory landscape. The continued integration of any AI technologies into our products can result in new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, intellectual property claims, litigation, confidentiality or privacy and security risks, ethical concerns, negative user perceptions as to automation and AI, or other complications that could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results. As a result of the complexity and rapid development of AI, it is also the subject of evolving review by various U.S. governmental and regulatory agencies, and other foreign jurisdictions are applying, or are considering applying, their platform moderation, intellectual property, cybersecurity, and data protection laws to AI and/or are considering general legal frameworks on AI. For example, the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act (“EU AI Act”) came into effect in August 2024 with provisions that shall come into operation gradually over subsequent years and has various requirements that are principally focused on creating transparency with respect to generative AI systems and AI-generated content. Penalties for non-compliance with the EU AI Act include fines as high as 7% of a company’s global annual revenue. We may not always be able to anticipate the necessary response to these frameworks given they are still rapidly evolving. We may also have to expend resources to adjust our product or service offerings in certain jurisdictions if the legal frameworks governing the use of AI are not consistent across jurisdictions.

Current wording

We use machine learning and AI technologies in our products and services, and we are making investments in expanding our AI capabilities, including ongoing deployment and improvement of existing machine learning and AI technologies, as well as developing new product features using AI technologies. There are significant risks involved in developing and deploying AI and there can be no assurance that the usage of AI will enhance our products or services or be beneficial to our business, including our profitability. AI technologies are complex and rapidly evolving, and we face significant potential disruption from other companies, particularly as internet companies utilize AI to introduce new methods of search and discovery for consumers and AI reduces barriers to entry to compete with our products and services, as well as an evolving regulatory landscape. The continued integration of any AI technologies into our products can result in new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, intellectual property claims, litigation, confidentiality or privacy and security risks, ethical concerns, negative user perceptions as to automation and AI, or other complications that could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results. As a result of the complexity and rapid development of AI, it is also the subject of evolving review by various U.S. governmental and regulatory agencies, and other foreign jurisdictions are applying, or are considering applying, their platform moderation, intellectual property, cybersecurity, and data protection laws to AI and/or are considering general legal frameworks on AI. For example, the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act (“EU AI Act”) has various requirements that are principally focused on creating transparency with respect to generative AI systems and AI-generated content. Penalties for non-compliance with the EU AI Act include fines as high as 7% of a company’s global annual revenue. We may not always be able to anticipate the necessary response to these frameworks given they are still rapidly evolving. We may also have to expend resources to adjust our product or service offerings in certain jurisdictions if the legal frameworks governing the use of AI are not consistent across jurisdictions.

Previous wording

In addition, web and mobile browser developers, such as Apple, Microsoft or Google, have implemented and may continue to implement changes, including requiring additional user permissions, in their browser or device operating system that impair our ability to measure and improve the effectiveness of advertising on our platform. Such changes include, limiting the use of cookies and related tracking technologies, such as mobile advertising identifiers, and other changes that limit our ability to communicate with or understand the identity of our users or, our ability to collect or use information that allows us to attribute user actions on advertisers’ websites to the effectiveness of advertising campaigns run on our platform. For example, Apple's Intelligent Tracking Prevention (“ITP”) feature in its Safari browser blocks some or all third-party cookies by default on mobile and desktop and has become increasingly restrictive over time. Apple's related Privacy-Preserving Ad Click attribution ("PPAC"), intended to preserve some of the functionality lost with ITP, would limit cross-site and cross-device attribution, prevent measurement outside a narrowly-defined attribution window, and prevent ad re-targeting and optimization. Further, Apple implemented certain changes, including an AppTrackingTransparency framework that limits the ability of mobile applications to obtain access to an iOS device’s advertising identifier and affects our ability to track user actions off our platform and connect their interactions with on-platform advertising.

Current wording

In addition, web and mobile browser developers, such as Apple, Microsoft or Google, have implemented and may continue to implement changes, including requiring additional user permissions, in their browser or device operating system that impair our ability to measure and improve the effectiveness of advertising on our platform. Such changes include, limiting the use of cookies and related tracking technologies, such as mobile advertising identifiers, and other changes that limit our ability to communicate with or understand the identity of our users or, our ability to collect or use information that allows us to attribute user actions on advertisers’ websites to the effectiveness of advertising campaigns run on our platform. For example, Apple's Intelligent Tracking Prevention (“ITP”) feature in its Safari browser blocks some or all third-party cookies by default on mobile and desktop and has become increasingly restrictive over time. Apple's related Privacy-Preserving Ad Click attribution, intended to preserve some of the functionality lost with ITP, would limit cross-site and cross-device attribution, prevent measurement outside a narrowly-defined attribution window, and prevent ad re-targeting and optimization. Further, Apple implemented certain changes, including an AppTrackingTransparency framework that limits the ability of mobile applications to obtain access to an iOS device’s advertising identifier and affects our ability to track user actions off our platform and connect their interactions with on-platform advertising.

Previous wording

The application and interpretation of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving industry in which we operate, and as the focus on data privacy and data protection increases globally, we are, and will continue to be, subject to varied and evolving data privacy and data protection laws. We are subject to GDPR which expands the rights of individuals to control how their personal data is processed, includes restrictions on the use of personal data of minors (including teens), creates new regulatory and operational requirements for processing personal data (particularly in the case of a data breach), increases requirements for security and confidentiality, restricts transfers of data outside of the European Economic Area ("EEA") and provides for significant penalties for non-compliance, including fines of up to 4% of global annual turnover for the preceding financial year or €20 million (whichever is higher) for the most serious infringements. Additionally, we have historically relied upon multiple legally valid transfer mechanisms to transfer certain personal data outside of the EEA, including the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework and Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs). The Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield is an invalid transfer mechanism, but upheld the validity of the SCCs subject to future elaboration of additional safeguards by regulators such as specific “supplemental measures” that should be undertaken to protect EU data subjects. While the EU Commission has approved a new EU-U.S Data Privacy Framework, of which Pinterest is a participant, the validity of data transfer mechanisms and additional safeguards remains subject to legal, regulatory, and political review and developments in both Europe and the U.S. The invalidation of data transfer mechanisms, or the potential invalidation of additional safeguards could have a significant adverse impact on our ability to process and transfer UK and EEA user personal data outside of the EEA. The State of California enacted the CCPA which requires companies that process information of California residents to make new disclosures to consumers about their data collection, use and sharing practices, allows consumers to opt out of certain data sharing with third parties and provides a new private right of action for data breaches. Other states have also enacted privacy laws similar to the CCPA, which are operative or will become operative in the next few years, with these providing consumers with similar abilities to opt-out of certain data sharing and to limit the use of certain data for targeted advertising. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data. The burdens imposed by these and other laws and regulations that may be enacted, or ne…

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Current wording

€20 million (whichever is higher) for the most serious infringements. Additionally, we have historically relied upon multiple legally valid transfer mechanisms to transfer certain personal data outside of the EEA, including the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework and Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs). The Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield is an invalid transfer mechanism, but upheld the validity of the SCCs subject to future elaboration of additional safeguards by regulators such as specific “supplemental measures” that should be undertaken to protect EU data subjects. While the EU Commission has approved a new EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework, of which Pinterest is a participant, the validity of data transfer mechanisms and additional safeguards remains subject to legal, regulatory, and political review and developments in both Europe and the U.S. The invalidation of data transfer mechanisms, or the potential invalidation of additional safeguards could have a significant adverse impact on our ability to process and transfer UK and EEA user personal data outside of the EEA. The State of California enacted the CCPA which requires companies that process information of California residents to make new disclosures to consumers about their data collection, use and sharing practices, allows consumers to opt out of certain data sharing with third parties and provides a new private right of action for data breaches. Other states have also enacted privacy laws similar to the CCPA, which are operative or will become operative in the next few years, with these providing consumers with similar abilities to opt-out of certain data sharing and to limit the use of certain data for targeted advertising. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data. The burdens imposed by these and other laws and regulations that may be enacted, or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs in order to comply and may disproportionately affect our business in comparison to our peers that have greater resources. These laws and regulations may also impact our ability to expand advertising on our platform internationally, as they may impede our ability to deliver targeted advertising and accurately measure our ad performance.

Previous wording

In addition, the privacy of teens’ personal data collected online, and use of commercial websites, applications, online services, or other interactive platforms, generally, are also becoming increasingly scrutinized. Regulations focused on online safety and protection of teens’ privacy online may require us to change our services and incur costs to do so. Moreover, various laws to restrict or govern the use of commercial websites, applications, online services, or other interactive platforms by teens have passed or have been proposed, including laws: prohibiting offering services to teens, prohibiting showing teens advertising, requiring age verification or assurance, limiting the use of teens’ personal data, and requiring parental consent or providing for other parental rights. These laws may be, or in some cases already have been, subject to legal challenges and changing interpretations, which may further complicate our efforts to comply with laws applicable to us. These new laws may result in restrictions on the use of certain of our products or services by teens, the inability to offer certain products and services to teens, decrease users or user engagement in those jurisdictions, require changes to our products and services to achieve compliance, decrease our advertising revenue, and increase legal risk, compliance costs and potential fines for us and our third-party partners.

Current wording

In addition, the privacy of teens’ personal data collected online, and use of commercial websites, applications, online services, or other interactive platforms, generally, are also becoming increasingly scrutinized. Certain regulations focused on online safety and protection of teens’ privacy online have required us to change our services and incur costs to do so. Moreover, various laws to restrict or govern the use of commercial websites, applications, online services, or other interactive platforms by teens have passed or have been proposed, including laws: prohibiting offering services to teens, prohibiting showing teens advertising, requiring age verification or assurance, limiting the use of teens’ personal data, and requiring parental consent or providing for other parental rights. These laws may be, or in some cases already have been, subject to legal challenges and changing interpretations, which may further complicate our efforts to comply with laws applicable to us. These new laws have resulted in restrictions on the use of certain of our products or services by teens; and have required changes to our products and services to achieve compliance. The inability to offer certain products and services to teens may decrease users or user engagement in those jurisdictions, decrease our advertising revenue, and increase legal risk, compliance costs and potential fines for us and our third-party partners.

Previous wording

We currently depend on the continued services and performance of our key personnel, including William Ready and others. Mr. Ready's employment, and the employment of our other key personnel, is at will, which means they may resign or be terminated for any reason at any time. Similarly, Mr. Silbermann is currently non-executive Chair of the Board and may resign at any time. In addition, much of our key technology and systems are custom-made for our business by our personnel. The loss of key personnel, including key members of management as well as our computer vision, AI, machine learning, design, marketing, sales and product development personnel, could disrupt our operations and harm our business. This risk is particularly heightened in an environment where companies, including us, slow down hiring or reduce their workforce, as we have done under the Plan, which involves the reduction of our workforce, and will continue to find ways to further reduce costs due to macroeconomic conditions.

Current wording

We currently depend on the continued services and performance of our key personnel, including William Ready and others. Mr. Ready's employment, and the employment of our other key personnel, is at will, which means they may resign or be terminated for any reason at any time. Similarly, Mr. Silbermann is currently non-executive Chair of the Board and may resign at any time. In addition, much of our key technology and systems are custom-made for our business by our personnel. The loss of key personnel, including key members of management as well as our computer vision, AI, machine learning, design, marketing, sales and product development personnel, could disrupt our operations and harm our business. This risk is particularly heightened in an environment where companies, including us, slow down hiring or reduce their workforce, as we have done under the Restructuring Plan, which involves the reduction of our workforce, and will continue to find ways to further reduce costs due to macroeconomic conditions.

Previous wording

In addition, it is important to our business to attract and retain highly talented personnel, particularly engineers with expertise in computer vision, AI and machine learning. We have found and may continue to find our recruiting and retention efforts more challenging because the marketplace for talent is highly competitive, particularly as a result of our workforce reduction under the Plan. Certain legal, regulatory, and policy developments, such as changes to policies and requirements regarding immigration and visas, may also negatively impact our ability to attract, hire and retain highly talented personnel, or may lead to public scrutiny, investigations, litigation, and regulatory or other proceedings related to our policies and procedures. The incentives provided by our stock option grants, restricted stock grants and restricted stock unit grants, or by other compensation and benefits arrangements, may not be effective to attract and retain employees, especially as a result of continued fluctuations in our stock price. We may also be required to enhance wages, benefits and non-equity incentives. If we are unable to meet employees' and potential employees' expectations, we may experience difficulties attracting and retaining personnel.

Current wording

In addition, it is important to our business to attract and retain highly talented personnel, particularly engineers with expertise in computer vision, AI and machine learning. We have found and may continue to find our recruiting and retention efforts more challenging because the marketplace for talent is highly competitive, particularly as a result of our workforce reduction under the Restructuring Plan. Certain legal, regulatory, and policy developments, such as changes to policies and requirements regarding immigration and visas, may also negatively impact our ability to attract, hire and retain highly talented personnel, or may lead to public scrutiny, investigations, litigation, and regulatory or other proceedings related to our policies and procedures. The incentives provided by our stock option grants, restricted stock grants and restricted stock unit grants, or by other compensation and benefits arrangements, may not be effective to attract and retain employees, especially as a result of continued fluctuations in our stock price. We may also be required to enhance wages, benefits and non-equity incentives. If we are unable to meet employees' and potential employees' expectations, we may experience difficulties attracting and retaining personnel.

Previous wording

We allow users to authenticate with our service through third-party login providers. If these third parties discontinue these tools or experience a breach or outage in their platform or web browser developers make changes that restrict the use of these tools, user retention, growth or engagement could decline.

Current wording

We allow users to authenticate with our service through a third-party login provider. If this third party discontinues these tools or experiences a breach or outage in its platform or web browser developers make changes that restrict the use of these tools, user retention, growth or engagement could decline.

Previous wording

A significant number of users access their accounts on our platform using a third-party login provider such as Facebook, Apple or Google. If security on those platforms is compromised, if users are locked out from their accounts on those platforms or if those platforms experience an outage or otherwise institute policies that prevent users from accessing their accounts on our platform through those logins, users may be unable to access our platform. In addition, third-party log-in providers may institute policies that restrict us from both communicating with users or identifying users. As a result of these actions, user growth, retention and engagement on our platform has been and could be adversely affected in the future, even if only for a temporary period. Additionally, if Facebook or Google discontinue their identity services or experience an outage, then we may lose and be unable to recover users previously using this function, and our user growth or engagement could decline.

Current wording

A significant number of users access their accounts on our platform using a third-party login provider, Google. If security on that platform is compromised, if users are locked out from their accounts on that platform or if that platform experiences an outage or otherwise institutes policies that prevent users from accessing their accounts on our platform through those logins, users may be unable to access our platform. In addition, a third-party login provider may institute policies that restrict us from both communicating with users or identifying users. As a result of these actions, user growth, retention and engagement on our platform has been and could be adversely affected in the future, even if only for a temporary period. Additionally, if Google discontinues its identity services or experiences an outage, then we may lose and be unable to recover users previously using this function, and our user growth or engagement could decline.

Previous wording

We rely on a variety of statutory and common-law frameworks and defenses relevant to the content available on our platform, including but not limited to, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"), the Communications Decency Act ("CDA"), the fair-use doctrine in the United States, the EU E-Commerce Directive, the EU AI Act and the DSA. These frameworks and defenses may limit but do not necessarily eliminate, our potential liability for caching, hosting, listing or linking to third-party content that may include materials that infringe copyrights or are otherwise unlawful. Each of these statutes and doctrines is subject to uncertain or evolving judicial interpretation and regulatory and legislative amendments, and we cannot guarantee that such frameworks and defenses will be available for our protection. For example, the CDA has been amended by Congress and interpreted by courts in ways that have narrowed its applicability. Further, the Russmedia decision by the Court of Justice of the European Union has created uncertainty regarding the status of longstanding intermediary liability provisions under EU law, which may result in additional obligations for online platforms, as well as increased litigation and liability. Additionally, in June 2025, the Brazilian Supreme Court partially invalidated the country's limitation on platform liability for third-party content. The new court precedent requires platforms to remove unlawful content upon notice even in the absence of a court order, and to implement proactive measures to prevent and remove illegal ads and content related to certain crimes under Brazilian law. As a result, we may face increased litigation and/or regulatory enforcement. If the statutory regimes are amended or repealed, if the rules around these doctrines change, if international jurisdictions refuse to apply similar protections to the US, or if a court were to disagree with our application of those rules to our service, we could incur liability or be required to make significant changes to our products, business practices or operations.

Current wording

We rely on a variety of statutory and common-law frameworks and defenses relevant to the content available on our platform, including but not limited to, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, the Communications Decency Act ("CDA"), the fair-use doctrine in the United States, the EU E-Commerce Directive, the EU AI Act and the DSA. These frameworks and defenses may limit, but do not necessarily eliminate, our potential liability for caching, hosting, listing or linking to third-party content that may include materials that infringe copyrights or are otherwise unlawful. Each of these statutes and doctrines is subject to uncertain or evolving judicial interpretation and regulatory and legislative amendments, and we cannot guarantee that such frameworks and defenses will be available for our protection. For example, the CDA has been amended by Congress and interpreted by courts in ways that have narrowed its applicability. Further, recent decisions by the Court of Justice of the European Union have created uncertainty regarding the status of longstanding intermediary liability provisions under EU law, which may result in additional obligations for online platforms, as well as increased litigation and liability. Additionally, in June 2025, the Brazilian Supreme Court partially invalidated the country's limitation on platform liability for third-party content, imposing more stringent requirements on platforms and increasing litigation and regulatory risk. If the relevant statutory regimes are amended or repealed, if the rules around these doctrines change, if international jurisdictions refuse to apply similar protections to the U.S., or if a court were to disagree with our application of those rules to our service, we could incur liability or be required to make significant changes to our products, business practices or operations.

Previous wording

We are also subject to fines or orders restricting or blocking our service in particular countries as a result of content on our platform. For example, certain countries have implemented regulations that authorize fines or provide for throttling or blocking services for failures to comply with certain content removal and disclosure obligations, and other countries may enact similar legislation, which would impose penalties for failure to remove certain content. There can be no assurance that our tools or policies for certain removal obligations or any new tools or policies we develop will be sufficient to maintain compliance with these regulations.

Current wording

We are also subject to fines or orders restricting or blocking our service in particular countries or for particular groups of users as a result of content on our platform. For example, certain countries have implemented regulations that authorize fines or provide for throttling or blocking services for failures to comply with certain content removal and disclosure obligations, and other countries may enact similar legislation, which would impose penalties for failure to remove certain content. There can be no assurance that our tools or policies for certain removal obligations or any new tools or policies we develop will be sufficient to maintain compliance with these regulations.

Previous wording

Governmental authorities outside the United States have restricted, and may in the future seek to restrict access to our platform if they consider us to be in violation of their laws or for other reasons. For example, access to our service has been or is currently restricted in whole or in part in certain countries. Other governments may seek to restrict access to or block our platform, prohibit or block the hosting of certain content available through our platform, or impose other restrictions that may affect the accessibility or usability of our platform in that country for a period of time or even indefinitely. We may also decide to stop offering our platform in a country as a result of these types of restrictions. For example, some countries have enacted laws that allow websites to be blocked for hosting certain types of content or may require websites to remove certain restricted content, to appoint local representatives in the country, or to store user data within that country. It can be challenging or impractical to manage the requirements of multiple jurisdictions governing the type and nature of the content available on our platform. If additional prohibitions or restrictions are imposed on our platform, or if our competitors are able to successfully penetrate new geographic markets or capture a greater share of existing geographic markets that we cannot access or where we face other restrictions, our user growth, retention and engagement may be adversely affected.

Current wording

Governmental authorities outside the United States have restricted, and may in the future seek to restrict access to our platform, including for certain groups, if they consider us to be in violation of their laws or for other reasons. For example, access to our service has been or is currently restricted in whole or in part in certain countries. Other governments may seek to restrict access to or block our platform, prohibit or block the hosting of certain content available through our platform, or impose other restrictions that may affect the accessibility or usability of our platform in that country for a period of time or even indefinitely. We may also decide to stop offering our platform in a country as a result of these types of restrictions. For example, some countries have enacted laws that allow websites to be blocked for hosting certain types of content or may require websites to remove certain restricted content, to appoint local representatives in the country, or to store user data within that country. It can be challenging or impractical to manage the requirements of multiple jurisdictions governing the type and nature of the content available on our platform. If additional prohibitions or restrictions are imposed on our platform, or if our competitors are able to successfully penetrate new geographic markets or capture a greater share of existing geographic markets that we cannot access or where we face other restrictions, our user growth, retention and engagement may be adversely affected.

Previous wording

We are currently involved in, and may in the future be involved in, actual and threatened legal proceedings, including class action lawsuits, mass arbitrations, claims, investigations and government inquiries arising in the ordinary course of our business, including intellectual property, data privacy and data protection, privacy and other torts, illegal or objectionable content, consumer protection, AI, safety, law enforcement, civil rights, the use of our platform for illegal purposes, securities, stockholder derivative claims, employment, governance, workplace culture, contractual rights, civil rights infringement, false or misleading advertising, or other legal claims relating to content or information that is provided to us or published or made available on our platform, or based on decisions we make regarding what content is allowed on our platform. Any proceedings, claims or inquiries involving us, whether successful or not, can be time consuming, result in costly litigation, unfavorable outcomes, high indemnification expenses, increased costs of business, may require us to change our business practices or products, product offerings and features, require significant amount of management’s time, may harm our reputation or otherwise harm our business and future financial results.

Current wording

We are currently involved in, and may in the future be involved in, actual and threatened legal proceedings, including class action lawsuits, mass arbitrations, claims, investigations and government inquiries arising in the ordinary course of our business, including intellectual property, data privacy and data protection, privacy and other torts, illegal or objectionable content, consumer protection, AI, safety, law enforcement, civil rights, the use of our platform for illegal purposes, securities, stockholder derivative claims, employment, governance, workplace culture, contractual rights, civil rights infringement, false or misleading advertising, or other legal claims relating to content or information that is provided to us or published or made available on our platform, or based on decisions we make regarding what content is allowed on our platform. Any proceedings, claims or inquiries involving us, whether successful or not, can be time consuming, result in costly litigation, unfavorable outcomes, high indemnification expenses, increased costs of business, may require us to change our business practices or products, product offerings and features, require a significant amount of management’s time, may harm our reputation or otherwise harm our business and future financial results.

Previous wording

A portion of the technologies we use incorporates software, models, code, data, or other intellectual property that are offered under free, open source, source-available, or similar types of licenses (collectively, "open source") and we may incorporate such open source intellectual property in the future. Open source licenses may subject us to certain unfavorable conditions, including requirements that we make publicly available source code, model weights, or data for any modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using open source software, that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license for no cost, or that we restrict the use of models or data to certain use cases. Some open source software may include AI software, including generative AI, or other software that incorporates or relies on AI. The use of such software may expose us to risks as the intellectual property ownership and license rights, including copyright, of AI software, tools, and their output have not been fully interpreted by U.S. courts or addressed by federal or state regulations.

Current wording

A portion of the technologies we use incorporates software, models, code, data, or other intellectual property that are offered under free, open source, source-available, or similar types of licenses (collectively, "open source") and we may incorporate such open source intellectual property in the future. Open source licenses may subject us to certain unfavorable conditions, including requirements that we make publicly available source code, model weights, or data for any modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using open source software, that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license for no cost, or that we restrict the use of models or data to certain use cases. Some open source software may include AI software, including generative AI, or other software that incorporates or relies on AI. The use of such software may expose us to risks as the intellectual property ownership and license rights, including copyright, of AI software, tools, and their output have not been fully interpreted by U.S. courts or addressed by federal or state regulations. In addition, the use of open source AI models developed outside the United States has become the subject of increased political and regulatory scrutiny, and resulting restrictions or competing regulatory regimes may affect our ability to continue to license and incorporate such software models.

Previous wording

Additionally, over the last several years, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has been working on a Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project that, if implemented, would change various aspects of the existing framework under which our tax obligations are determined in many of the countries in which we do business. Several countries have already begun to enact legislation to implement the OECD’s 15% global minimum tax regime. Our effective tax rate and cash tax payments could increase in future years as further jurisdictions enact legislation. Similarly, the European Commission and several countries have issued proposals that would apply to various aspects of the current international tax rules under which we are taxed. These proposals include changes to the existing rules to calculate income tax, as well as proposals to change or impose new types of non-income taxes, including taxes based on a percentage of revenue. For example, several jurisdictions have proposed or enacted taxes applicable to digital services, which include business activities on digital advertising and which apply to our business. There are ongoing OECD negotiations that contemplate an alternative to these proposals, which may proliferate in the absence of multilateral agreement.

Current wording

Additionally, over the last several years, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has been working on a Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project that, if implemented, would change various aspects of the existing framework under which our tax obligations are determined in many of the countries in which we do business. Several countries have already begun to enact legislation to implement the OECD’s 15% global minimum tax regime. Our effective tax rate and cash tax payments could increase in future years as further jurisdictions enact legislation. Similarly, the European Commission and several countries have issued proposals that would apply to various aspects of the current international tax rules under which we are taxed. These proposals include changes to the existing rules to calculate income tax, as well as proposals to change or impose new types of non-income taxes, including taxes based on a percentage of revenue. For example, an increasing number of jurisdictions have proposed or enacted taxes applicable to digital services, which include business activities on digital advertising and which apply to our business. There are ongoing OECD negotiations that contemplate an alternative to these proposals, which may proliferate in the absence of multilateral agreement.

Previous wording

We have incurred significant net losses in the past and generated net income only recently, and may continue to generate operating losses in the future. We generated net loss of$120.3 million and net income of $47.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, we had retained earnings of $8.4 million. We may not realize sufficient revenue to achieve profitability in future periods.

Current wording

We have incurred significant net losses in the past and generated net income only recently, and may continue to generate operating losses in the future. We generated net loss of$98.7 million and net income of $139.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. As of September 30, 2026, we had retained earnings of $30.0 million. We may not realize sufficient revenue to achieve profitability in future periods.

Previous wording

As of June 30, 2026, we had outstanding $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of 1.75% convertible unsecured, senior notes due in 2031 (the “Notes”) and maintain a secured revolving credit facility, and we may require additional financing to maintain and grow our business. Our ability to obtain financing will depend on, among other things, our development efforts, business plans, operating performance, investor demand and the condition of the capital markets at the time we seek financing. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to the rights of our common stock, and our existing stockholders may experience dilution or other adverse impacts. For example, our existing stockholders may experience dilution upon conversion of the Notes if the conversion amount includes value in excess of the principal amount, as we will deliver such excess in the form of Class A common stock. If our access to capital is restricted or our borrowing costs increase as a result of developments in financial markets, our operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Current wording

As of September 30, 2026, we had outstanding $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of 1.75% convertible unsecured, senior notes due in 2031 (the “Notes”) and maintain a secured revolving credit facility, which we amended and restated on October 15, 2026, and we may require additional financing to maintain and grow our business. Our ability to obtain financing will depend on, among other things, our development efforts, business plans, operating performance, investor demand and the condition of the capital markets at the time we seek financing. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to the rights of our common stock, and our existing stockholders may experience dilution or other adverse impacts. For example, our existing stockholders may experience dilution upon conversion of the Notes if the conversion amount includes value in excess of the principal amount, as we will deliver such excess in the form of Class A common stock. If our access to capital is restricted or our borrowing costs increase as a result of developments in financial markets, our operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Previous wording

Our Class B common stock has twenty votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Because of the 20-to-1 voting ratio between our Class B and Class A common stock, the holders of our outstanding Class B hold approximately 75.3% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of June 30, 2026. Because the holders of our Class B common stock hold in the aggregate significantly more than a majority of the combined voting power of our capital stock, such holders (which include our pre-IPO stockholders who have not converted their Class B common stock to Class A common stock, including those holders unaffiliated with any of our executive officers, employees or directors) control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval. The holders of Class B common stock will no longer hold in the aggregate over 50% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock once the Class B common stock represents in the aggregate less than approximately 4.76% of our outstanding capital stock.

Current wording

Our Class B common stock has twenty votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Because of the 20-to-1 voting ratio between our Class B and Class A common stock, the holders of our outstanding Class B common stock hold approximately 74.6% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of September 30, 2026. Because the holders of our Class B common stock hold in the aggregate significantly more than a majority of the combined voting power of our capital stock, such holders (which include our pre-IPO stockholders who have not converted their Class B common stock to Class A common stock, including those holders unaffiliated with any of our executive officers, employees or directors) control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval. The holders of Class B common stock will no longer hold in the aggregate over 50% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock once the Class B common stock represents in the aggregate less than approximately 4.76% of our outstanding capital stock.

Previous wording

Future issuances of shares of our Class A common stock, conversions of the Notes into our Class A common stock or the conversion of a substantial number of shares of our Class B common stock to Class A common stock, or the perception that these sales or conversions may occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock and result in significant dilution for holders of our Class A common stock. Additionally, our 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan") contains an evergreen provision which automatically increases on the first day of each fiscal year through and including January 1, 2029, the number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by five percent of the total number of shares of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock outstanding, or a lesser number determined by our board of directors. We currently have shares of Class A common stock that will be issued upon settlement of outstanding stock options, RSUs, or restricted stock awards ("RSAs"). For more information, see “Notes to Financial Statements”. As of June 30, 2026, we had 5,921,462,168 shares of authorized but unissued Class A common stock that are currently not reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans or charitable giving program. We may issue all of these shares of Class A common stock without any action or approval by our stockholders, subject to certain exceptions. We also intend to continue to evaluate acquisition opportunities and may issue Class A common stock or other securities in connection with these acquisitions. Any common stock issued in connection with the conversion of the Notes, our equity incentive plans, acquisitions, the exercise of outstanding stock options, settlement of RSUs and RSAs or otherwise would dilute the percentage ownership held by our Class A common stockholders.

Current wording

Future issuances of shares of our Class A common stock, conversions of the Notes into our Class A common stock or the conversion of a substantial number of shares of our Class B common stock to Class A common stock, or the perception that these sales or conversions may occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock and result in significant dilution for holders of our Class A common stock. Additionally, our 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan") contains an evergreen provision which automatically increases on the first day of each fiscal year through and including January 1, 2029, the number of shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by five percent of the total number of shares of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock outstanding, or a lesser number determined by our board of directors. We currently have shares of Class A common stock that will be issued upon settlement of outstanding stock options, RSUs, or restricted stock awards ("RSAs"). For more information, see “Notes to Financial Statements”. As of September 30, 2026, we had 5,919,969,700 shares of authorized but unissued Class A common stock that are currently not reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans or charitable giving program. We may issue all of these shares of Class A common stock without any action or approval by our stockholders, subject to certain exceptions. We also intend to continue to evaluate acquisition opportunities and may issue Class A common stock or other securities in connection with these acquisitions. Any common stock issued in connection with the conversion of the Notes, our equity incentive plans, acquisitions, the exercise of outstanding stock options, settlement of RSUs and RSAs or otherwise would dilute the percentage ownership held by our Class A common stockholders.

Previous wording

On March 2, 2026, our board of directors authorized a new stock repurchase program of up to $3,500.0 million of our Class A common stock (the "March 2026 program") and canceled the November 2024 stock repurchase program, under which $499.9 million had remained available for repurchase.

Current wording

On March 2, 2026, our board of directors authorized a new stock repurchase program of up to $3,500.0 million of our Class A common stock (the "March 2026 program"). Refer to Note 7 of our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on our share repurchase and ASR programs.