Iveda Solutions, Inc.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

NOTE 1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Iveda Solutions, Inc. (“Iveda”, or the “Company”) was incorporated in Nevada as Charmed Homes, Inc. in June 2006. On October 15, 2009, IntelaSight, d/b/a Iveda, a Washington corporation, became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. In December 2010, IntelaSight merged with and into the Company and the Company became the surviving company. Iveda offered the first cloud hosting of streaming and recorded video from security cameras for its customers and real-time remote surveillance service utilizing intervention specialists to watch our customers’ cameras in real time, 24/7. Iveda offers smart city technologies globally, offering advanced AI-driven video surveillance solutions and a robust suite of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms that power digital transformation for cities and commercial clients worldwide.

Consolidation

Effective April 30, 2011, we completed our acquisition of Sole Vision Technologies (fka MEGAsys and dba Iveda Taiwan), a company based in Taiwan. We consolidate our financial statements with the financial statements of Iveda Taiwan. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Liquidity

The Company recorded a net loss of $3.2 million and used cash in operations of $2 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. During 2025, and subsequently, the Company took significant steps to raise capital to fund operations, and to reduce its historical operating losses. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-40, Going Concern, the Company’s management has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the accompanying financial statements were issued. As of the issuance date of these financial statements, management expects that the Company’s cash of $5.2 million at December 31, 2025 and additional $2 million raised through subsequent sales of its equity, will be sufficient to fund the Company’s current operating plan for at least twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Management’s assessment whether there is sufficient cash on hand, together with expected capital raises, to assure operations for a period of at least twelve months from the date these financial statements are issued, is based on conditions that are known and reasonably knowable to management, considering various scenarios, projections, and estimates and certain key assumptions. These assumptions include, among other factors, management’s ability to increase operating efficiencies, raise additional capital, and the expected timing and nature of the Company’s forecasted cash expenditures.

Historically, the Company has financed its operations through public and private sales of common stock, credit lines from financial institutions, and cash generated from operations. As we seek additional sources of financing, there can be no assurance that such financing would be available to us on favorable terms or at all. Our ability to obtain additional financing in the debt and equity capital markets is subject to several factors, including market and economic conditions, our performance and investor sentiment with respect to us and our industry.

Basis of Accounting

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to accounts receivable, deferred cost of revenue, share-based compensation, deferred income taxes, provisions for losses, and inventory reserve, among other items.

Revenue and Expense Recognition

The Company applies the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10,Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all related appropriate guidance. The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers in an amount reflecting the consideration to which it expects to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, the Company applies the following five-step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with the customer. In situations where sales are to a distributor, the Company had concluded its contracts are with the distributor as the Company holds a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. As part of its consideration for the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customers’ ability to pay (or credit risk). For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which is distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled. As the Company’s standard payment terms are less than one year, it has elected the practical expedient under ASC 606-10-32-18 to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on its relative standalone selling price. The product price as specified on the purchase order is considered the standalone selling price as it is an observable input which depicts the price as if sold to a similar customer in similar circumstances. Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligations is satisfied), which typically occurs at shipment unless installation is required as with certain of our Taiwan sales – see below. Further in determining whether control has been transferred, the Company considers if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with risks and rewards of ownership having transferred to the customer. Customers do not have a right to return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product. The Company has also elected the practical expedient under ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense commissions for product sales when incurred as the amortization period of the commission asset the Company would have otherwise recognized is less than one year.

The Company sells its products and services primarily to municipalities and commercial customers in the following manner:

Revenue for product and software sales without installation is recorded when the product and/or software has been shipped to the customer. Revenue from fixed-price equipment installation contracts, if any, is recognized as the contracts allow for invoicing at various milestones.

General and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Changes in estimated job profitability resulting from job performance, job conditions, contract penalty provisions, claims, change orders, and settlements are accounted for as changes in estimates in the current period. Profit incentives are included in revenue when their realization is deemed earned by the contract.

The following table presents our net sales by revenue source and the period over period percentage change, for the period presented:

The Company sells and installs video surveillance systems comprised of various components of hardware and software.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Our current component of other comprehensive income is the foreign currency translation adjustment.

Concentrations

Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable.

Substantially all cash is deposited in three financial institutions, two in the United States and one in Taiwan. At times, amounts on deposit in the United States may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. Deposits in Taiwan financial institutions are insured by CDIC (Central Deposit Insurance Corporation) with maximum coverage of NTD 3 million. At times, amounts on deposit in Taiwan may be in excess of the CDIC Insurance limit.

Revenue from four customers out of approximately 70 total customers represented approximately 63% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025. These specific customers were 1) NATIONAL CHUNG SHAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY with 25% 2) Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation with 15%, 3) Chunghwa Telecom with 12% and 4) SECURITY INTEGRATION & CONSULTANT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. with 12% (all Taiwan companies). Revenue from five customers out of approximately 70 total customers represented approximately 67% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024. These specific customers were 1) Chunghwa Telecom with 18% 2) SECURITY INTEGRATION & CONSULTANT TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. with 16%, 3) Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd with 11% and 4) HWACOM SYSTEMS INC. with 10%, (all Taiwan companies) and Claro Enterprise Solutions (a US company) with 12%.

78% of the total accounts receivable at December 31, 2025 was from four customers out of a total of 42 customer accounts receivable accounts. These specific customers were 1) Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation with 29% 2) MiTAC Advance Technology Corp. with 24% 3) Chunghwa Telecom with 10% (all Taiwan companies) and Claro Enterprise Solutions (a US company) with 15%. Our accounts receivables are unsecured, and we are at risk to the extent such amounts become uncollectible. Although we perform periodic evaluations of our customers’ credit and financial condition, we do not require collateral in exchange for our products and services provided on credit. These customers are longtime customers, and we don’t expect any problem with the collectability of these accounts receivable.

No other customers represented greater than 10% of total revenues in years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the results of operations and financial position of its subsidiary located in Taiwan. The subsidiary’s functional currency is the Taiwan New Dollar (TWD). For consolidation purposes, the subsidiary’s financial statements are translated into US Dollars (USD) using the following methods: Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Income statement items are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange rate fluctuations between TWD and USD result in gains or losses that are included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) until they are realized. The Company had $1,352,166 and $1,025,675 of its cash and cash equivalents in Taiwan New Dollars at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Accounts Receivable

We provide an allowance for doubtful collections, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information, and existing economic conditions. For our U.S.-based segment, receivables past due more than 120 days, if any, are considered delinquent. For our Taiwan-based segment, receivables over one year are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual credit valuation and specific circumstances of the customer. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, no allowance for uncollectible accounts was deemed necessary.

Other Current Assets

Other current assets represent cash paid in advance to vendors for service coverage extending into subsequent periods, advances to suppliers of product and tender deposits placed with local governments and major customers in Taiwan during the bidding process for new proposed projects.

Deferred Cost of Goods

In Taiwan we ship product to be held at the customer locations in advance of installment per the contract with the customer. We reclassify inventory that we have purchased and delivered to the customer location to Deferred Cost of Goods until this product is installed and can be invoiced to the customer.

Inventories

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. We review our inventories for excess or obsolete products or components based on an analysis of historical usage and an evaluation of estimated future demand, market conditions, and alternative uses for possible excess or obsolete parts. There wasno allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventory necessary as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three toseven years. Expenditures for routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $21,584 and $31,805, respectively.

We have a relatively minimal amount of property and equipment, consisting primarily of office equipment. We review the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets using the methodology prescribed in ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment.” We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the undiscounted future net operating cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds their fair value. Management determined that there was no indicator of impairment as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates. Temporary differences arise from sales cut-off, depreciation, deferred rent expense, and net operating losses. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that represents our best estimate of such deferred tax assets that, more likely than not, will be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the year and the change during the year in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as state income tax.

Our U.S. income tax returns are subject to review and examination by federal, state, and local authorities. Our U.S. tax returns for the years 2021 to 2024 are open to examination by federal, local, and state authorities.

Our Taiwan tax returns are subject to review and examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance. Our Taiwan tax returns for the years 2021 to 2024 are open to examination by the Taiwan Ministry of Finance.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents time deposits on account to secure short-term bank loans in our Taiwan-based segment.

Deferred Revenue

Advance payments received from customers on future installation projects are recorded as deferred revenue until such time our performance obligations on the contracts are completed.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company periodically issues stock, stock options and restricted stock awards to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. The Company accounts for such grants issued and vesting based on ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation whereby the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized for employees as compensation expense on the straight-line basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. The fair value of the Company’s stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the stock options or restricted stock, and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods. We recognized $376,000 and $122,600 of stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to the amortization of stock options.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company uses various inputs in determining the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities and measures these assets on a recurring basis. Financial assets recorded at fair value are categorized by the level of subjectivity associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Accounting Standards Codification Section 820 defines the following levels of subjectivity associated with the inputs:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions.

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to us as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The respective carrying values of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximate their fair values. These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and amounts due to related parties. Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments because they are short-term in nature and their carrying amounts approximate their fair values or because they are receivable or payable on demand. The carrying values of financing obligations approximate their fair values because interest rates on these obligations are based on prevailing market interest rates.

New Accounting Standards

In November 2024, FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The guidance in ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities to disclose in the notes to the financial statements, among other things, specific information about certain costs and expenses including purchases of inventory; employee compensation; and depreciation and amortization expense for each caption on the income statement where such expenses are included. The update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments may be applied prospectively to reporting periods after the effective date or retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the provisions of this guidance and assessing the potential impact on our financial statement disclosures.

Other recent accounting pronouncements and guidance issued by the FASB, its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.

NOTE 2 Accounts and Other Payables

NOTE 3 SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT

The short-term debt balances were as follows:

As of December 31, 2025, there was $63,694 of restricted cash pledged as security for the Shanghai Commercial Bank short term loan.

The Long-term debt balances were as follows:

NOTE 4 PREFERRED STOCK

We are currently authorized to issue up to 12,500,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share,1,250,000 shares of which are designated as Series A Preferred Stock and 500 shares of which are designated as Series B Preferred Stock. Our Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with designations, rights, and preferences determined from time to time by our Board of Directors. Accordingly, our Board of Directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting, or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the stockholders of our common stock. In the event of issuance, the preferred stock could be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying, or preventing a change in control of our company.

NOTE 5 EQUITY

Common Stock

We are authorized to issue up to 300,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share. We effectuated a reverse stock split on September 17, 2024 of 1 for 8 shares of common stock. All share values within this report have been retroactively adjusted to the post reverse split values. All outstanding shares of our common stock are of the same class and have equal rights and attributes. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of our company. Our common stock does not have cumulative voting rights. Persons who hold a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote on the election of directors can elect all of the directors who are eligible for election. Holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally in dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our Board of Directors. In the event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of our company, subject to the preferential liquidation rights of any series of preferred stock that we may from time to time designate, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all of our assets remaining after payment of all liabilities and preferential liquidation rights. Holders of our common stock have no conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption, or appraisal rights (other than such as may be determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion) and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities.

During September 2024 we sold to a certain institutional investor pursuant to a prospectus supplement and prospectus (i)225,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at an offering price of $3.44 per share, and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock, at an offering price of $3.43 per pre-funded warrant, to the investor whose purchase of Common Stock in this offering would otherwise result in the investor, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially own more than 4.99% (or at the election of the investor, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of the offering. Each of the pre-funded warrants will be exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The pre-funded warrants had an exercise price of $0.01 per share, were immediately exercisable and could be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants issued in the offering were exercised in full. All 400,000 pre-funded warrants were exercised during October and November 2024. The Company issued an aggregate of 625,000 shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of $1,683,970 as a result of the direct offering.

In a concurrent private placement, we issued to such institutional investor unregistered Series A warrants to purchase up to 625,000 shares of Common Stock and unregistered Series B warrants to purchase up to 625,000 shares of Common Stock, which warrants will be exercisable on the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares upon exercise of the unregistered warrants (the “Stockholder Approval”), at an exercise price of $3.44 per share. The Series A warrants will expire five years following the Stockholder Approval and the Series B warrants will expire 18 months following the Stockholder Approval. The unregistered warrants and the unregistered common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants were offered pursuant to the exemptions provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder. The Company adjourned its annual meeting until June 2, 2025 to continue to solicit votes for the approval of the unregistered Series A and Series B warrants.

The company issued 46,876 warrants to the underwriters of the September 2024 direct offering, with an exercise price of $4.30 per common share and an expiration date of September 4, 2029.

During 2025 we filed a Prospectus Supplement to the Prospectus dated January 24, 2024 to issue up to $5,082,431, from time to time through or to our sales agent, H.C. Wainwright & Co. (the “Agent”). These sales were made pursuant to the terms of an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or the Sales Agreement, between us and the Agent (the “Sales Agreement”). As of December 31, 2025 we had completed the sale of 2,971,670 shares of common stock with net proceeds of $4,930,394.

Restricted Common shares issued for services

The Company issued 100,000 shares of its common stock with a fair value of $135,000 for services during the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company issued 12,500 shares of its common stock with a fair value of $90,000 for services during the year ended December 31, 2024.

NOTE 6 STOCK OPTION PLAN AND WARRANTS

Stock Options

On January 18, 2010, we adopted the 2010 Stock Option Plan (the “2010 Option Plan”), which allows the Board to grant options to purchase up to 15,625 shares of common stock to directors, officers, key employees, and service providers of our company. In 2011, the 2010 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to 375,000 shares. In 2012, 2010 Option Plan was again amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2010 Option Plan to 203,125 shares. The shares issuable pursuant to the 2010 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on February 4, 2010 (No. 333- 164691), June 24, 2011 (No. 333-175143), and December 4, 2013 (No. 333-192655). The 2010 Option Plan expired on January 18, 2020. As of December 31, 2025 there were 14,778 options outstanding under the 2010 Option Plan.

On December 15, 2020, we adopted the Iveda Solutions, Inc. 2020 Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The 2020 Plan had a maximum of 156,250 shares authorized with similar terms and conditions to the 2010 Option Plan. The shares issuable pursuant to the 2020 Option Plan are registered with the SEC under Forms S-8 filed on October 7, 2022 (No. 333- 267792). In 2025 and 2024, the 2020 Option Plan was amended to increase the number of shares issuable under the 2020 Option Plan to 1,156,250 and 656,250 shares respectively. As of December 31, 2025 there were 720,959 options outstanding under the 2020 Option Plan.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 735,737 and 217,056 options outstanding, respectively, under all the option plans.

Stock options may be granted as either incentive stock options intended to qualify under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or as options not qualified under Section 422 of the Code. All options are issued with an exercise price at or above the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors. Incentive stock option plan awards of restricted stock are intended to qualify as deductible performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code. Incentive Stock Option awards of unrestricted stock are not designed to be deductible to us under Section 162(m). Under the plans, stock options will terminate on the tenth anniversary date of the grant or earlier if provided in the grant.

We have also granted non-qualified stock options to employees and contractors. All non-qualified options are generally issued with an exercise price no less than the fair value of the common stock on the date of the grant as determined by our Board of Directors. Options may be exercised up to ten years following the date of the grant, with vesting schedules determined by us upon grant. Vesting schedules vary by grant, with some fully vesting immediately upon grant to others that ratably vest over a period of time up to four years. Standard vested options may be exercised up to three months following date of termination of the relationship unless alternate terms are specified at grant. The fair values of options are determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The estimated fair value of options is recognized as expense on the straight-line basis over the options’ vesting periods. At December 31, 2025, we had approximately $6,000 unrecognized stock-based compensation. During 2025 and 2024, the Company granted 535,000 and 79,000 stock options with a weighted average fair value of $0.73 and $1.10 per share, respectively. The Company recorded stock compensation costs of $376,000 and $122,600 on vesting of the options during 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Stock option transactions during 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

The Black-Scholes option pricing model, used to estimate fair value of the option awards, requires the use of the following assumptions:

● Fair value of common stock. The fair value of the common stock is the Company’s closing price per share on the OTC listing at the grant date.

● Expected Term. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that the options are expected to be outstanding. Due to the lack of historical exercise history, the expected term of the Company’s stock options has been determined by calculating the midpoint of the contractual term of the options and the weighted-average vesting period.

● Expected Volatility. The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities for industry peers, as the Company did not have any trading history for the common stock. The Company will continue to analyze the historical stock price volatility and expected term assumption as more historical data for the common stock becomes available.

● Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instrument whose term was consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

● Dividends. The Company has not paid any cash dividends on common stock since inception and does not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, an expected dividend yield of zero was used.

The fair value of options granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model using the following assumptions for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively:

The fair value of options granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model using the following assumptions for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively:

The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used for options granted. The intrinsic value of the outstanding options at December 31, 2025 was $10,500.

Warrant transactions during 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Information with respect to warrants outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2025 is as follows:

The fair value of each warrant granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used for options granted. There wasno intrinsic value of the outstanding warrants at December 31, 2025.

NOTE 7 INCOME TAXES

U.S. Federal Corporate Income Tax

The Company uses an asset and liability approach for accounting and reporting for income taxes that allows recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had available Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards to reduce future taxable income. As of December 31, 2025, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes of approximately $38 million which will begin to expire in 2025 and under TCJA, post 2017 losses can be carried forward indefinitely. We also have Arizona net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes of approximately $12 million which expire after five years. These carryforwards have been utilized in the determination of the deferred income taxes for financial statement purposes.

Given the Company’s history of net operating losses, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to realize the tax benefit of the carryforwards. Accordingly, The Company has not recognized a deferred tax asset for this benefit. Section 382 generally limits the use of NOLs and credits following an ownership change, which occurs when one or more5percent shareholders increase their ownership, in aggregate, by more than 50 percentage points over the lowest percentage of stock owned by such shareholders at any time during the “testing period” (generally three years).

The Company has adopted FASB guidelines that address the determination of whether lax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under this guidance, we may recognize the lax benefit from an uncertain lax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. This guidance also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits, and no adjustment was required at adoption.

The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, the Company has not accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. Additionally, tax years 2021 through 2024 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.

Upon the attainment of taxable income by the Company, management will assess the likelihood of realizing the tax benefit associated with the use of the carryforwards and will recognize the appropriate deferred tax asset at that time.

The Company’s effective income tax rate differs from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to loss before income taxes as follows:

Temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and tax credit and operating loss carryforward that create deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

The valuation allowance increased approximately $0.8 million, primarily as a result of the increased net operating losses of our U.S.- based segment.

Taiwan (Republic of China) Corporate Tax

Sole-Vision Technologies, Inc. is a subsidiary of the Company which is operating in Taiwan as a profit-seeking enterprise. Its applicable corporate income tax rate is 20%. In addition, Taiwan’s corporate tax system allows the government to levy a 10% profit retention tax on undistributed earnings for the prior year. This tax will not be provided if the company distributed the earnings before the ended of the fiscal year.

According to the Taiwan corporate income tax (“TCIT”) reporting system, the TCIT sales cut-off base is concurrent with the business tax classified as value-added type (“VAT”) which will be reported to the Ministry of Finance (“MOF”) on a bi-monthly basis. Since the VAT and TCIT are accounted for on a VAT tax basis that recorded all sales on business tax on a VAT tax reporting system, the Company is bound to report the TCIT according to the MOF prescribed tax reporting rules. Under the VAT tax reporting system, sales cut-off does not use the accrual basis but rather on a VAT taxable reporting basis.

NOTE 8 EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators reflected in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations, as required by ASC No. 260, “Earnings per Share.”

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing reported earnings available to stockholders by the weighted average shares outstanding. We had net losses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and the effect of including dilutive securities in the earnings per common share would have been anti-dilutive for the purpose of calculating EPS. Accordingly, all options, warrants, and shares potentially convertible into common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the periods ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the calculations of basic and diluted loss per share are the same because potential dilutive securities would have had an anti-dilutive effect. The potentially dilutive securities consisted of the following:

NOTE 9 CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

The Company may be involved in certain legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Except for income tax contingencies, we record accruals for contingencies to the extent that our management concludes that the occurrence is probable and that the related amounts of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management believes the accompanying financial statements include all provisions, of any, for any potential losses. Legal expenses associated with the contingency are expensed as incurred.

Related to Iveda Taiwan pursuant to certain contracts with Chicony Power Technology Co., Ltd., Shihlin Electric & Engineering Corporation, Chung-Hsin Electric and Machinery Manufacturing Corp., National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology, and Chunghwa Telecom Co., Ltd, Iveda Taiwan is required to provide after-project services. If Iveda Taiwan fails to provide these after-project services in the future, other parties of the related contract would have recourse. The financial exposure to Iveda Taiwan in the event of failure to provide after- project services in the future as of December 31, 2025, is $368,939.

**NOTE 10 SEGMENT INFORMATION **

The Company operates and manages its business astwo reportable and operating segments. The Company’s CODM reviews financial information presented and decides how to allocate resources based on net income (loss). Net income (loss) is used for evaluating financial performance.

Significant segment expenses include salaries and payroll, stock based compensation, marketing, public company expenses, audit and accounting, consulting, research and development, travel and entertainment, software subscription and other administrative expenses for the US and salaries and payroll, insurance, rent, travel and entertainment, office supplies and postage, pension and other administrative expenses. The following table presents the significant segment expenses and other segment items regularly reviewed by our CODM.

Furthermore, due to operations in various geographic locations, we are susceptible to changes in national, regional, and local economic conditions, demographic trends, consumer confidence in the economy, and discretionary spending priorities that may have a material adverse effect on our future operations and results.

We are required to collect certain taxes and fees from customers on behalf of government agencies and remit them back to the applicable governmental agencies on a periodic basis. The taxes and fees are legal assessments to the customer, for which we have a legal obligation to act as a collection agent. Because we do not retain the taxes and fees, we do not include such amounts in revenue. We record a liability when the amounts are collected and relieve the liability when payments are made to the applicable governmental agencies.

The net assets (liabilities) for our significant geographic regions are as follows:

NOTE 11 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 11, 2026, Iveda Solutions, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) consummated a public offering (the “Offering”) for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $2 million before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The Offering included (i)5,259,999 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (“Common Stock”) at an offering price of $0.35 per share of Common Stock, and (ii) pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 454,287 shares of Common Stock, at an offering price of $0.3499 per Pre-Funded Warrant and (iii) accompanying series X warrants (the “Series X Warrants”) to purchase up to 11,428,572 shares of Common Stock.and accompanying Series X Warrant.

The Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable subject to certain ownership limitations, have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share, and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants have been exercised in full. The Series X Warrants are exercisable at a price of $0.35 per share, are exercisable from and after the date of their issuance and expire on the second (2)-year anniversary of the original issuance date.